openMind open Mind GRAMMAR REFERENCE ANSWER KEY
LEVEL 2
Unit 1
Unit 2
Past progressive
Comparatives with as … as / as / not as … as
1
1
1 2 3 4 5
were, watching was surfing were, going were visiting was not / wasn’t driving
2 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
2
Who was dancing at the party?; c Was Melanie singing?; e Were you playing music all night?; a Were people wearing formal clothes?; d Was dad cooking meat on the barbecue?; b
1
2
3 4
Past progressive progressive and simple past
5
1 1 2
3
4
5
My parents met while they were studying at college. Mischa was shopping when she realized she didn’t have her phone. When Bruno drove by and offered her a ride, Lana was waiting at the bus stop. While we were living in Italy, my brother and I learned Italian. Were you sleeping when I got home?
1 1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
7
was doing, arrived found, were walking met, was working was listening, was were you doing, fell
New York is as interesting as Chicago. / Chicago is as interesting as New York. Learning Japanese is not / isn’t i sn’t as easy as learning French. Seattle is not / isn’t as old as Philadelphia. Jack is as funny as Amy. / Amy is as funny as Jack. The Chrysler Building is not / isn’t as tall as the Empire State Building.
Superlatives
6
2 1
100 cm is as long as 1 m. This dress is as expensive as that one. Black tea is not as strong as coffee. Mount Kilimanjaro is not as high as Mount Everest. Jemma is as good at chess as me.
8
the fattest the youngest the most fascinating the worst the most real the nicest the most interesting the prettiest
2 Possible answers: 1 2
3 4
5
The CEO is the most important person in a company. company. Chichén Itzá and Machu Picchu are the most popular archaeological archaeolog ical sites in Latin America. Real Madrid is the richest soccer club in history. The Return of the Alien is the scariest TV series at the moment. Jennifer Lawrence was the best actress in the 2013 Academy Awards.
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E L B A I P O C O T O H P
openMind
LEVEL 2
Unit 3
Unit 4
Reflexive pronouns
Present perfect—ever / never
1
1
1 2 3 4 5
themselves himself yourself myself ourselves
1 2 3 4 5
I have never met anyone famous. My friend has never tried oysters. Has he ever been to Ireland? We have never eaten lobster. Lindsey and Catherine have never swum in the ocean.
2 1 2 3 4 5
I bought myself a gift. He decorated the house himself. We made the dinner ourselves. Isabel made herself a dress. He is learning to play the guitar himself. / He is teaching himself to play the guitar.
2 1 2 3 4 5
Have you ever broken a bone? Have they ever made sushi? She has never been to a tropical country. We have / We’ve never seen a tornado. Has he ever written a love letter?
Modals of permission, request, and offer
Present perfect—How long and for / since
1
1
1
2 3 4
5
May I please sit next to the window? / May I sit next to the window please? Could you carry the suitcases? You may not use your cell phone in the library. Could you please lend me a pen? / Could you lend me a pen please? Can I see your passport?
1 2 3 4 5
2 1
2 1 2 3 4 5
could/can Could/Can/May Could/Can cannot/can’t will/’ll
long has been for since
2
3
4
5
How long have Sandra and Jon had a dog? They have / They’ve had the dog since last week. How long has your sister studied chemistry? She has / She’s studied chemistry for six months. How long has he lived in Portland? He has / He’s lived in Portland / there for two years. How long has your dad worked at the factory? He has / He’s worked at the factory / there since 1999. How long have you been here? I have / I’ve been here for 45 minutes.
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E L B A I P O C O T O H P
openMind
LEVEL 2
Unit 5
Unit 6
Present perfect and simple past
have to for obligation and need to for necessity
1 1 2 3 4 5
went ’ve never been Have you ever seen lost lived
1 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 2 3 4 5
Have you ever been to went Have you ever met (’ve/have) had lunch sat
2 1 2 3 4 5
should and ought to for advice
2
3
have to complete don’t have to leave, have to pay don’t have to go don’t need to take have to check out
Comparative and superlative adverbs
1 1
have to need to need to have to don’t have to
He ought to go to the doctor. People ought to use public transportation more often. Should I use my credit card for all my shopping? No, you shouldn’t.
4
✓
5
We should email them about the party.
1 1 2 3 4 5
worse more more the best the least
2 2 1 2 3 4 5
1
should not / shouldn’t go should see / ought to see should study / ought to study should I go worry; you shouldn’t
2 3 4 5
better than the least often worse more quickly than the earliest
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E L B A I P O C O T O H P
openMind
LEVEL 2
Unit 7
Unit 8
too, enough, not … enough
Expressing likes, desires, and preferences
1
1
1 2 3 4 5
enough enough too enough too
1
2 3 4 5
Michael and Emma would prefer to get take-out tonight. I don’t like wearing jeans to work. They’d rather split the bill on the first date. Would you like to use my phone? I’d rather not watch TV today.
2 1 2 3 4 5
is creamy enough is too salty is not / isn’t loud enough is not / isn’t old enough was too hard
2 1 2 3 4 5
Quantifiers
Gerund phrases as subject and object
1 1 2 3 4 5
fewer a little eggs many less
1 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 2 3 4 5
would rather have / ’d rather have would prefer to go do not like spending / don’t like spending would not like to study / wouldn’t like to study like taking
butter (sugar/bananas) chocolate / digestive biscuits / cream bananas sugar chocolate / digestive biscuits / cream
giving Arriving having going Joining
2
3
Eating fruit and vegetables is good for your health. I enjoy cycling because it’s a great form of exercise. I’m thinking of joining an online dating site.
4
✓
5
I really like making gifts for my family and friends.
1 2
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4
E L B A I P O C O T O H P
openMind
LEVEL 2
Unit 9
Unit 10
may, might and will for future possibility
Infinitives of purpose
1
1
1 2 3 4 5
will will won’t might may
1 2
3
4
2 1 2 3 4
5
will/’ll definitely probably won’t will probably will definitely, definitely won’t OR definitely won’t, will definitely
6
will and going to
2
1
3
2 3 4 5
plan/intention plan/intention decision plan/intention prediction
4
1 2 3 4 5
(in order) to celebrate (in order) to sweep (in order) to symbolize in order not to attract
1 1
3
I’ll We’re going to I’m going to I’ll They’re going to
You need three years of management experience in order to apply for the job. I’ll put the keys on the table in order not to forget them when I leave.
Review of future forms
2
2
✓
2 1
1
To pass the exam, you need a score of at least 50%. Patricia entered the room quietly in order not to wake her roommates. Could you call the bakery to find out the cost of the cake?
4 5
leaves going to will love are having ’m meeting
2 1 2 3 4 5
are you doing / are you going to do have / am/’m having am/’m going / am/’m going to go have am/’m going to spend
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E L B A I P O C O T O H P
openMind
LEVEL 2
Unit 11
Unit 12
Simple present passive
Zero and first conditionals
1
1
1 2 3 4 5
b e d c a
1 2 3 4 5
When you heat ice, it melts. Plants die if they don’t get enough water. If I miss the train, I won’t arrive on time. If we go out tonight, we will/’ll get a taxi home. If I have to work late on Thursday, I won’t come to the movie theater.
2 1 2 3 4 5
is grown be recycled are spoken is not / isn’t served are taught
2 1 2 3 4 5
Simple past passive
second conditional
1 1 2 3 4 5
was celebrated were uploaded was visited was discovered were driven
1 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 2
3 4 5
want will/’ll go is don’t get will/’ll take
The award was won by a French writer. A lot of food at the party wasn’t eaten. / Not much food was eaten at the party. A wallet was found on the floor. Two suspects were arrested by the police last night. The iPhone was invented by Apple.
won lived would went would
2 1 2 3 4 5
had, would not / wouldn’t be found, would/’d tell were, would/’d travel won, would not / wouldn’t buy had to, would not / wouldn’t go OR did not / didn’t have to, would/’d go
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E L B A I P O C O T O H P
