Ncotjots
Erthsthn Qjsjerng
:
^ZAMJNY = ^trunture` Yhbj eoi ^pethe` Ncbpcshthco Ncotjxt
<
perebjtrhn ncbpcshthco
8
tjssj``ethco, rjsc`uthco eoi sne`j ihbjoshcos eoi prcmjnthcos
55 5:
nhojbethn, shbu`ethco eoi iyoebhn
Hbp`jbjotethco
15
ngchnj, ljojrethvj sjrhjs wcrdficw
Aha`hclrepgy
11
18
15
5<
:
Erthsthn Qjsjerng ^ZAMJNY = ^trunture` Yhbj eoi ^pethe` Ncbpcshthco Betgjbethns, ljcbjtry Betgjbethns, ljcbjtry eoi eoi ncbputethco ncbputethco erj erj pcssha`j hosphrethco scurnjs eoi tcc`s `jeihol tc eo hotj``jntue` phjnj phjnj cf wc wcrd. rd. Yghs ert phjnj icjs oct ojji tc aj ennuretj ennuretj cr nertjsheo nertjsheo et e``. Fcrbe`hzji Fcrbe`hzji hijes erj ojvjrojvjr5 tgj`jss cftjo usji fcr ncostrunthol fcrbs (ljste`t ljste`t)) eoi pettjros wghng neo pgyshne``y aj betjrhe`hzji ho ernghtjnture` ijshlo. Zshol eoctgjr bjihub, sung betjrhe`hzethco neo e`sc rjsu`t tc bushne` sncrjs cr purj`y scohn phjnjs. Jeng bjihub arhols e ihffjrjot rjeihol eoi ncbprjgjoshco cf e shol`j phjnj4 tgj ncrrj`ethco ajtwjjo tgjb suppcrts tgj epprjgjoshco cf tgj wcrd. E phjnj cf bushn ushol ctgjr bjihe neo aj epprjgjoiji ho tgj sebj wey eo ernghtjnture` prcmjnt ncu`i aj prjsjotji 1 . Ajycoi tgj ſtoe` scuoi htsj`f, tgj wcrd pessjs tgru sjvjre` ncotjxts, hosphrethcos eoi hts nconjpthco. Fcr hosteonj, tgj qujsthco cf ncotjxtue`hzethco nconjros hoste``ethcos, tgjetrj eoi ieonj phjnjs. Aut ht e`sc nconjros verhcus weys cf rjprjsjothol tgj wcrd ushol iete ushol iete vhsue`hzethcos > cr jvjo wrhthol accds fcr jxebp`j. Bushn sncrjs erj eo hotjrjsthol nesj cf stuiy perthnu`er`y fcr purj j`jntrcohn bushn. Actg prjsnrhpthvj eoi ijsnrhpthvj octethcos ijsnrhpthvj octethcos jxhst jxhst fcr tghs 9 dhoi cf bushn tcc . Aut tgjhr nconjpthco nconjpthco eoi usj erj fehr`y fehr`y ihffjrjot ihffjrjot frcb sncrjs fcr encusthn hostrubjote` phjnjs. Ajycoi tgj fent ht hs e`sc e phjnj cf ert, tgj usj cf eo j`jntrcohn bushn sncrj ges oc perthnu`er crijr cf rjeihol. Ygj shbp`j treihthcoe` crijr sterts frcb tgj nconjpthco, hts hotjrprjtethco hotjrprjtethco,, eoi tgj ſtoe` `hstjohol. `hstjohol. Ygjrj erj oc sung stjps ajneusj tgjrj hs oc ojji cf hostrubjote`hst hotjrprjtethco hostrubjote`hst hotjrprjtethco : . E`sc E`sc e`` e`` `jvj`s, geppjohol ho tgj sebj "acx", neo cnnur et eoy thbj cf tgj nrjethvj ethvj eoi `hstjohol `hstjohol prcnjss. ^ung sncrjs neo tgjo aj tgj neusj eoi tgj ncosjqujonj cf tgj bushn phjnj. \j gevj sjjo beoy jxebp`js ho tgj 6;‘s whtg lrepghn whtg lrepghn sncrjs. sncrjs. E`sc tciey, euihc-vhsue` hotjrenthvj euihc-vhsue` hotjrenthvj phjnjs usphjnjs ushol hotjrfenjs sjt tgj p`eyjr actg es e `hstjojr eoi e ncbpcsjr. E gulj ebcuot cf wcrd ges ajjo icoj ho tghs ihrjnthco ho tgj pest ijneijs eoi beoy syojstgjshn beoy syojstgjshn phjnjs phjnjs gevj rhsjo frcb ht 6 . Ygj prcmjnt cf tghs tgjshs nconjotretjs ho e s`hlgt`y ihffjrjot ihrjnthco. Ygj ehb hs tc epp`y ncbpcshthcoe` prcnjssjs actg tc spenj eoi eoi thbj. thbj.
5
Mebjs Yjoojy eoi @erry [c`eosdy. [c`eosdy. Yjbpcre` ljste`t pjrnjpthco ho bushn. 587;
1
Des Ccstjrgu Ccstjrguhs. hs. \get jxent`y jxent`y hs ocosteoieri ernghtjnturj3 1;;8
>
Mu`hj ^tjj`j eoi Oceg @`hhosdy. @`hhosdy. Ajeuthfu` vhsue`hzethco. 1;5;
9
Mcgo Lreysco. ^cuoi snu`pturj. 58<:
:
C`hvhjr C`hvhjr Bjsshejo. Ygj tjngohquj tjngohquj cf by bushne` `eoluelj. 58:6
6
Nerstjo Ohnc`eh. Eutc ph`ct. 1;;1
6
Ygj sncrj tgjo ajncbjs coj jothrj pert cf tgj phjnj4 ht hs tgj spethe` ncbpcshthco cf tgj phjnj < . Ht neo aj prjsjot prjsjotji ji ho beoy fcrbs fcrbs eoi ncotjxt= bcst`y e phjnj cf bushn aut e`sc e snu`pturj, vhijc, > i prhothol, pepjr... pepjr... E`tgculg E`tgculg tgjy erj tgj phjnj cf ert, tgjy sth`` erj ne``ji ne``ji sncrj ajneusj tgjy neo aj rjei ho rjei ho eoy ihrjnthco cf spenj, ho tgj sebj wey coj wcu`i rjei tjxt cr eo jvc`uthco cf pettjros 7 . Ht hs oct oct gjrj gjrj qujsthco tc rjnrjetj eoctgjr ljojre`hzji wrhthol fcr j`jntrcohn bushn. Ygj `hod ajtwjjo scuoi eoi euihc icjs oct gevj tc aj prcvjo ho e nertjsheo wey 8 . Ygj rjeijr cr `hstjojr ihsncv ihsncvjrs jrs e wc wcr`i r`i ay ghbsj`f ghbsj`f wgh`j wgh`j `hstjohol `hstjohol cr rjeihol rjeihol jvc`uth jvc`uthcos. cos. Ghs pjrnjpthco pjrnjpthco eoi hotjrprjtehotjrprjtethco wcu`i beyaj gevj bcrj shlohſtneonj tgeo tgj entue` euihc-vhsue` ncoojnthcos cf tgj phjnj 5; . Ygj tjxt ges tgj tjoijony tc aj ihienthn eoi ijsnrhaj e truj tgjcry ho pgyshns, psyngcencu psyngcencusthns sthns,, bushnc`cl bushnc`cly y cr ejstgjthns. ejstgjthns. Ht hs retgjr coj ncotjxtue`hzethco cf by wcrd ho tgj sebj we wey y ernghtjnts wcu`i prjsjot coj prcmjnt whtg tjngohne`, scnhe`, ghstcrhne` eoi jncocbhn ncotjxts. By pjrscoe` tgculgts ncu`i pcssha`y treospcrt tgj pua`hn hotc e purj`y eastrent eoi uorje` uohvjrsj. Yghs wcr`i hs pert cf tgj ert eoi wcu`i jvjotue``y lhvj coj ncothouhty cf by wcrd.
C`hvhjr [esqujt - Ajr`ho - Mu`y 1;59
<
Bhngj` Mencas. Mencas. Ygj ert ncbpcshthco. ncbpcshthco.
58164 eoi Lregeb Ojr`hng. Ojr`hng. Ygj sgepj cf spenj, sjncoi jihthco. 5818 7
Mebjs Lhps. ^gepj lrebbers eoi tgjhr usjs. 58<:4 eoi ^tjpgjo \c`freb. E ojw dhoi cf snhjonj. 1;;1
8
Qhngeri J Nytcwhn. ^yojstgjshe. 1;;1
5;
Mjeo-N`euij Qhssjt. Qgytgbhn pereicxjs eoi h``ushcos. 588<
<
Ncotjxt Aj`cw erj butue` rjsjerngjs eoi ncosjqujot`y ejstgjthn crhjotethcos fcuoi ho phjnjs prjsjotji ho tghs icnubjot.
Ycurs [hjnjs [urj scohn ncbpcshthco ^pethe`hzethco (peo, wfs, ebah) ^pethe`hzethco (jov) Ljojrethvj Vhsue`hzethco Vhsue` ncbpcshthco ^nu`pturj Oeoc-ncbpcshthco ^telji ncbpcshthco
Nrjethcos
Y YF
EGH
E@H
OA[
^YV
E^^
MEB
QHA
GQ7
Q5>
W W „ W „ „ W „ „
W „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „
W W „ W „ „ W „ „
W W „ „ W „ „ „ „
W W W „ „ „ „ „ „
W W W W „ „ „ „ „
W W W „ „ „ „ „ „
W „ „ „ W „ „ „ „
W „ „ „ „ W „ „ W
W „ „ „ „ W „ „ W
YYF= Yu Yhjos sur tcus `js Frcots, EGH= Eunuo Gcbbj o‘jst uoj Hs`j, E@H= E`heics, OA[= Ouhts A`eongjs [erhs 1;5>, ^YV= ^tjvj V (Dhol Ihffjrjot), E^^= E ^nrhpt fcr ^yotgjshs, MEB= Mcyjux Eohbeux ij `e Bhsçrj, QHA= Qha, GQ 7= gr 7<87, Q5>= r5>6e5
Qjsjerng suamjnts ho tgj tea`j erj sjt ho e spjnhſtn crijr4 frcb tgj sterthol pchot whtg e treihthcoe` epprceng tc ncbpcshthco, ncbpcshthco, tc tgj ſtoe` pchot cf tgj rjsjerng rjsjerng wgjrj ncbpcshth ncbpcshthco co hs et hts whijst whijst ijſtohthco. ijſtohthco. "W" sgcu`i gevj gevj tgj tjoijony tjoijony tc lc icwo tgj tea`j ho e ojer futurj. futurj. Yget wcu`i wcu`i bjeo H eb rjenghol rjenghol tgj reihne`ht reihne`hty y eoi fcrbe` ijptg H eb `ccdhol fcr. fcr. Coj ihfſtnu`ty ihfſtnu`ty eoi coj qujsthco hs ajycoi ajycoi tjngohne` tjngohne` espjnts4 espjnts4 sgcu`i sgcu`i tgj "W" ihseppjer ihseppjer frcb tgj tcp cf tgj tea`j 3 ^gcu`i ^gcu`i H lhvj lhvj up by nurrjot nurrjot wcrd cr ſtoi e n`jvjr n`jvjr wey tc `hod actg ejstgjthns.
¼ [urj scohn ncbpcshthco hs tgj bcst treihthcoe` tjngohquj ncoshsthol co wrhthol fcr e`` ncbpcshthcoe` ihbjoshcos ihbjoshcos sung sung es thbarj, rgytgb, iyoebhns oebhns jtn. Ygjrj hs oc fcnus co co`y coj cf tgjb aut tgjy e`` gevj gevj eo hbpcrteot rc`j. Fcr jxebp`j, [gh`hppj jxebp`j, [gh`hppj Beocury usjs Beocury usjs lrebber cr ru`js 55 tc ncbpcsj j`jbjots ay j`jbjots . Ygj epprceng epprceng hs coj jxtjoshco jxtjoshco cf hotjlre` sjrhe`hsb. sjrhe`hsb. ¼ ^pethe`hzethco ^pethe`hzethco (peo, wfs, ebah) eiis ebah) eiis spethe`hzethco tc tgj wrhthol. ^cuoi ihsp`enjbjot erj ihsp`enjbjot erj ncbpcsji ncbpcsji es eoy ctgjr ncbpcshthc ncbpcshthcoe` oe` ihbjoshco ihbjoshco es Mcgo Ngcwohol Ngcwohol ihi ihi ho e shbp`j aut jfſtnhjot wey ho ^trhe ho 58<< 51 . Ygjrj erj beoy tcc`s fcr ncbpcshol ncbpcshol bcvjbjots bcvjbjots cf scuois. scuois. Ygjrj erj e`sc sjvjre` tjngohqujs fcr prcpjr`y pjrnjhvhol scuois scurnjs eoi tgjhr jxhstjonj ho e spjnhſtn spenj.
55
[gh`hppj Beocury. Beocury. @js lrebbehrjs bushne`js lèoèrethvjs. 1;51
51
Bettjc Bettjc Bjojlghoh. Bjojlghoh. ^trhe, ay ay mcgo ngcwohol. 1;;>
7
¼ ^pethe`hzethco (jov) bedjs bedjs usj cf jovj`c jovj`cpj pj spethe spethe`h `hzet zethco hco ho wghng wghng scuois scuois erj rjiunji tc queothn joththjs n`csj tc tgj `hbhts cf pjrnjpthco eoi uoijrsteoihol. Fcr jxebp`j, Jbbeouj` jxebp`j, Jbbeouj` Ouojs beij Ouojs beij arh``heot usj cf jovj`cpj spethe`hzethco e`tgculg gj wes oct rje``y ncoshijr jxtjoihol ht tc hts `hbhts 5> .
Freoìchs Wevhjr Fèrco, Mu`hjo Achsshoct, eoi Netgjrhoj Luestevhoc. Zppjr `hbhts cf euihtcry rctethcoe` bcthco pjrnjpthco. 1;;8
¼ Ljojrethvj sgcws Ljojrethvj sgcws phjnjs wgjrj scbj fcrbe` eoi sybac`hn ljojrethco sybac`hn ljojrethco hs usji. Ygj rjsu`t tjois tc aj eo jvc`uthco cf sgcrt queothn rgytgbhn pettjros 59 .
59
¼ Vhsue`hzethco hs Vhsue`hzethco hs tgj `hoj fcr phjnjs wghng erj ho scbj jxtjoi ncoojntji tc e vhsue` pert frcb eoe`yshs. H eb oct p`eoohol tc wcrd co tghs pert e`rjeiy jxp`crji ay beoy ctgjr erthsts. 5:
5:
[hjrrj Acu`jz. Ies frungtfj`i. peu` d`jj. 5878
^nu`pturj sgcws phjnjs wghng ¼ ^nu`pturj sgcws wghng erj oct co`y scohn aut e`sc vhsue`. vhsue`. Actg bjihe erj ajhol rjei ajhol rjei cr cr `hstjo es hf tgj sncrj sncrj wes tgj phjnj phjnj htsj`f. htsj`f. Eo hbpcrteot pert cf tgj ncbpcshthco prcnjssjs hs ajhol icoj ajfcrj tgj ngchnj cf bjihub. Ygj ſtoe` phjnj hs eo euihc/vhsue` camjnt euihc/vhsue` camjnt.. Yghs hs tgj 56 truj ernghtjnture` pert .
56
¼ Oeoc-ncbpcshthco sgcws phjnjs e`sc ushol queothn rgytgbhn pettjros cftjo n`csj tc tgj `hbhts cf pjrnjpthco pjrnjpthco eoi uoijrsteoihol. uoijrsteoihol. Aut tgjy erj oct e`weys scuoi phjnjs. Ygjy erj ncbpcsji ushol syotgjthn ushol syotgjthn ahc` 5< cly eoi/cr cly eoi/cr oeoctjngoc`clhjs oeoctjngoc`clhjs . ^ung phjnjs erj ncbpcsji hotjlre``y= frcb e bhnrcsncphn tc e benrcsncphn sne`j benrcsncphn sne`j.. Yhbj sne`j fcr scohn perthn`js eoi phtngjs, spenj sne`j fcr queothn queothn strunturjs. strunturjs. Ygjsj wcrds wcrds neo aj prjsjotji ho tgj fcrb cf hoste``ethcos whtg cr whtgcut scuoi.
5<
Jsgj` Ajo Menca. Aentjrhe gerojsshol ncbp`jxhty. 1;5;4 eoi HAB. E acy eoi ghs etcb, tgj wcr`i‘s sbe``jst bcvhj.
¼ ^telji ncbpcshthco erj phjnjs ushol epprcengjs ijsnrhaji prjvhcus`y aut, tghs thbj, whtg e ncofrcotethco tc rje`hty. rje`hty. Fcr hosteonj, tgj qujsthco cf ncostrehots frcb tgj stelj, ctgjr pjcp`j, eoi gcw tc pjrfcrb eo j`jntrcohn j`jntrcohn phjnj phjnj rhsjs eleho. Hotjrrcleth Hotjrrclethcos cos eacut euihjonj, euihjonj, scnhe` scnhe` pcshthcos, hotjrfenjs ajtwjjo tgculgt eoi pgyshne`hty erj aend. Ygcsj ncofrcotethcos neo tgjo aj tcc`s fcr bcrj scnhjte` suamjnts es ht hs cftjo tgj nesj 57 .
57
5>
Ycoy Byett. [rcnjssjs eoi systjbs ho ncbputjr bushn4 frcb bjte tc bettjr. 1;55
Ve`jothoe Nrcnh. Yjngohqujs eoi tjngoc`clhjs ho bcrpgcljojthn ijshlo. 1;5;
1;5>
^tebethe Ojcfytcu-Ljcrlhcu. Ygj sjbhcthns cf hbeljs ho rcbjc nestj``unnh‘s tgjetrj. 1;5;
8
perebjtrhn ncbpcshthco
Fhlurj 5= ‘mtc`. ‘mtc`.aen aeng.g g.gube ubeohz ohzj‘ j‘ reoicbhzjs rgytgbhn trjjs co e lrhi
H gevj wrhttjo e Bex `harery fcr rgytgbhn trjjs whtg tgj gj`p cf MY MY Qhodjr. Qhodjr. H stertji tghs nc``jnthco cf tcc`s ajfcrj sterthol tgj icntcretj aut ht hs sth`` uoijr prclrjss. Ht hs e `harery ijihnetji tc rje`-thbj pettjro ljojrethco eoi neo aj epp`hji tc ernghtjnture` ijshlo, bushn, ieonj4 jvjrytghol rjquhrhol ncostruntji jvc`uthco ho spenj eoi thbj. Ht ije`s whtg bu`th-sne`ho bu`th-sne`hol l eoi bu`th-ih bu`th-ihbjoshc bjoshcos os wgjrj rgytgb hs ncoshijrji tc aj e sdj`jtco cotc jvjrytghol j`sj hs ettengji (phtngjs, perebs...). ihsnrjtj jvjots. [u`E pu`sj strjeb pu`sj strjeb hs hs ijiuntji frcb eoctgjr strjeb cf ihsnrjtj jvjots. sethco (fj`t cr oct fj`t) hoiunjs e bjtrhne` strunturj wghng neo aj crleohzji tgjo rjprjsjotji ushol e perthnu`er iete strunturj. Jeng rethc ajfcrj e ojw perjotgjshs `jvj` hs tgj tcte` iurethco fcr wget hs hoshij tghs perjotgjsh perjotgjshs. s. Fcr hosteonj, hosteonj, shbp`j bushne` bushne` tup`jts tup`jts wcu`i aj jxprjssji ho tgj fc``cwhol wey= ( 5 ( 5 5 5 ) ) 2? ( 5 /> 5/> 5/> ) 2? ( ; .>>> ;.>>> ;.>>> ) (ή 5 ) Qgytgbs Qgytgbs erj cftjo rjprjsjotji rjprjsjotji whtg rethcoe`s rethcoe`s ajneusj ajneusj tgjy neo jesh`y jesh`y aj epprjgjoiji ay gubeos4 tghs hs co`y coj rjesco. Yghs rjprjsjotethco ges hts `hbhts frcb e betgjbethne` cr ncbputethcoe` pchots cf vhjw wgjo fcrbe` prca`jbs prca`jbs cnnur. cnnur. E`sc, tgj queothn queothn eoi frente` frente` ihsncothihsncothouhty cf bjtjr neo bjtjr neo scbjthbjs ljojretj vjry ncbp`hnetji shtuethcos fcr hbprcvhsji, oco wjstjro cr cre` treosbhttji bushn 58 aut tghs hs oct tgj nesj wgjo bushn hs p`eyji ay e benghoj. Eo e`lcrhtgb wcu`i gevj gevj prca`jbs ijſtohol eoi ſtoihol cosjts ſtoihol cosjts ho ho e pu`sj strjeb aut ht wcu`i aj bung jeshjr tc ennuretj`y pcshthco jvjots, ennjots jtn. Hf thbj hs sjlbjotji ushol aers, jeng aer eoi hts ncotehoji ihsnrjtj jvjots neo aj sjt co e nhrn`j T nhrn`j T >R, e sphre` cr gypjr-sphre`. Qctethco rjp Qctethco rjprjsjots rjsjots thbj. thbj. Ygj Ygj iureth iurethco co cf e aer aer neo neo aj jhtg jhtgjr jr sjt ay tgj sub cf
Fhlurj 1 = Bjtjr hoiunthco
58
Lh`ajrt Lh`ajrt Ocuoc. ^uhvh ij tjbpc tjbpc epp`hquè eux bushqujs hbprcvhsèjs. 1;;7
5;
wget ht ncotehos. Ht neo e`sc aj hoijpjoijot eoi sne`j e`` hoshij iurethcos enncrihol tc e ſtxji iurethco. Yghs sjncoi epprceng hs usji fcr rgytgbhn trjj rjprjsjotethcos eoi neo scbjthbjs aj vjry usjfu` wgjo iurethcos erj ſtxji ay fentcrs jxtjroe` tc tgj hoshij cf tgj aer. Fhlurj >= Ygj iureth iurethco co cf e aer neo aj rjprjs rjprjsjot jotji ji ay tgj nhrnhrnubf nubfjr jrjo jonj nj cf e nhrn nhrn`j `j fcr fcr hohosteonj
\j erj gjrj te`dhol eacut `hbhts, `hbhts, ncothouhty, ncothouhty, hotjlre` ne`nu`us ne`nu`us eoi bcrjcvjr ihffjrjothe` bcrjcvjr ihffjrjothe` jquethcos fcr ncbp`jx shtuethcos `hdj ncbpcshthco ushol sjvjre` sjvjre` perebjtjrs. perebjtjrs. Fcr hosteonj, hosteonj, prca`jbs prca`jbs `hdjgcbcrgytgb `hdj gcbcrgytgb neo bedj usj cf sung betgjbethn betgjbethne`, e`, ljcbjtrhne` ljcbjtrhne` tcc`s. E fuonthco fuonthco hs ncoshijrji es eo hoſtohty cf pchots hoſtohtj`y n`csj tc jeng-ctgjr et e bhe bhnrcsncphn sne`j. sne`j . Ht hs hoijji rj`ethvj`y jeshjr tc ſtoi coj ncbbco cosjt frcb sjvjre` rgytgbs ushol e fuonthco retgjr ihsnrjtj pchots ncoojntji tc jeng ctgjr. Ho tgj sebj wey queothſtnethco wey queothſtnethco cr cr swhol swhol tjngohqujs tjngohqujs neo 1; usj shbh`er hotj``jntue` tcc`s 4 jhtgjr jhtgjr e bushne bushne`` eoi jbphrhne jbphrhne`` epprceng cr e bcrj fcrbe` epprceng ushol ihsnrjtj cr ncothoucus rjprjsjotethcos. Ygj qujsthco tc lc frcb ihsnrjtj tc ncothoucus eoi vhsj vjrse vjrse hovc`vjs hovc`vjs bushne` bushne` ijnhshcos ijnhshcos enncrihol enncrihol tc bushne` ojjis. Ht hs e qujsthco cf bepphol4 bepphol4 ho e shbh`er wey wj ncoojnt pgyshne` sjoscrs tc bushne` perebjtjrs. Hostjei cf ncbpcshol ushol pu`sjs, ht hs tgjo pcssha`j tc ncbpcsj ushol "nurvjs nurvjs". ". Ygj ljojre` tjrb "nurvjs" hs gjrj usji es e ljojrhn ljcbjtrhn cr erthnu`ethvj tjrb. Ygjsj "nurvjs" ncu`i fcr jxebp`j aj fuonthcos aj fuonthcos (ahmjnthvj cr oct) cr perebjtrhn jquethcos. jquethcos. Ygjy erj ijsnrhaji whtg 15 jquethcos eoi perebjtjrs eoi perebjtjrs . H ne`` tghs perebjtrhn tghs perebjtrhn ncbpcshthco ajneusj ht neo gevj ijjp jstgjthn bushne` hbp`hnethcos es wj`` es tgj rjvc`uthcoery phjnj Bjtestesjhs phjnj Bjtestesjhs frcb frcb Heoohs Heoohs Wjoedhs. Wjoedhs. Ncoojnthcos whtg strunture`hsb whtg strunture`hsb ho betgjbethns neo betgjbethns neo aj sjjo. sjjo. Ygj epepprceng tc mtc` tc mtc` hs hs bcrj crhjotetji tcweris e ihsnrjtj " ihsnrjtj "ojw ojw ncbp`jxhty" ncbp`jxhty" retgjr tgeo ncothouhty 11 . E trjj trjj rjprjs rjprjsjot joteth ethco co hs hoijji hoijji shbh`er shbh`er tc tgjcrjthn rgytbhn tjngohqujs frcb Arheo Fjrojygculg cr tgj bushn ojstji hrrjlu`er tufrcb Qhngeri frcb Qhngeri Ijvhoj wgc Ijvhoj wgc actg bedj hotjosj usj cf ojstji 1> p`jts eoi p`jts eoi ncbahoetcrhe` ncbahoetcrhe` prcnjssjs . Ygj hije cf ncbp`jxhty ncbp`jxhty hotjrjsts hotjrjsts bj bcrj frcb tgj pchot cf vhjw cf pjrnjpthco retgjr pjrnjpthco retgjr tgeo hts ihrjnt tjngohne` ncostrunthco ne` ncostrunthco.. Co`y tgj rjsu`t ncuot, sc reoicb sc reoicb cr cr stcngesthn stcngesthn prcnjssjs
1;
Ner`cs Elco, Ljreri Esseyel, Mcsgue Fhojajrl, eoi Nebh`c Qujie. Deot= e nrhthquj cf purj queothſtnethco. 5889
15
Ibhtrh Yybcnz Yybcnzdc. dc. E ljcbjtry cf bushn. 1;554 eoi Heoohs Wjoedhs. Fcrbe`hzji bushn. 5881
11
Ygj nconjpt hs n`csji tc tgj JO[ tgj JO[ cb=trjj octethco frcot joi ho [\L@ ho [\L@ cr cr cb=trjj ho Cpjo ho Cpjo Bushn
1>
Bhde Duusdeoderj eoi Bhdej` @eursco. Jxprjsshvj octethco pendelj. 1;;9
55
erj pert cf ht. E`sc, tgj octhco octhco cf ncothouub frcb ncothouub frcb sjt sjt tgjcry nconjptgjcry nconjptue``y eoi pjrnjpthvj`y bedjs `hods ajtwjjo ihsnrjtj eoi ncothoucus rgytgb 19 . Vhsue` rgytgbhn `eyjrs ho tgj phjnj 33 gr 7<87, ijsnrhaji jer`hjr, erj sc ijosj coj ncu`i oct `htjre``y uoijrsteoi eoytghol4 co`y tgj cvjre`` eoi pjrnjpthvj uoijrsteoihols erj sth`` ncoshstjot. Yghs ncoshstjony behotehos e ncothouhty. Ho ctgjr wcris, ihsnrjtj thbj cosjts erj jvc`uthco cf tjxturj. tjxturj. sc n`csj tgjy pjrnjpthvj`y auh`i e ncothoucus jvc`uthco cf
19
Lyörly @hljth‘ @hljth‘s scuoi phjnj Ncothophjnj Ncothouub ( uub ( 5867) cr Nesjy Qjes‘ Qjes‘ vhsue` phjnj pfft ( pfft ( 1;59 ) erj lcci jxebp`js gjrj.
tjssj``ethco, rjsc`uthco eoi sne`j
Fhlurj 9= E ijjp zccb zccb hoshi hoshijj by phjnj Desper phjnj Desper V (1;51) beij whtg ijncostrunthvj neusthns pettjros tjros ushol ushol supjr supjr ghlg ghlg rjsc`u rjsc`u-thco hbeljry
Ihsnrjtj vhsue` hofcrbethco neo aj sjjo es restjr lrepghns. lrepghns. Ncothoucus hofcrbethco, aesji co betgjbethne` jxprjsshcos, neo aj sjjo es vjntcr es vjntcr lrepghns. lrepghns. Ygjrj hs gjrj e n`csj ncoojnthco whtg ncbputjr bushn= perebjtrhn bushn wcu`i aj vjntcrhzji eoi pu`sj pu`sj bushn restjrhzji. Vjntcrhzethco `jeis tc tgj ljojre`hzethco eoi crleohzethco cf hofcrbethco4 ht jvjotue``y `jeis tc iete iete ncbprjsshco. ncbprjsshco. Beoy erthsts usji ncoojnthcos ajtwjjo restjr (rgytgb, bchrès, `hojs jtn) eoi vjntcr (hotjrpc`ethcos jtn) tc nrjetj syojstgjthn ncoojnthcos4 ncoojnthcos4 Qhmcngh Hdjie cr Hdjie cr Qychngh Qychngh Durcdewe erj Durcdewe erj hotjrjsthol jxebp`js ho tget ſtj`i. Ho typclrepgy Ho typclrepgy,, e pchot hs tgj sbe``jst wgc`j uoht cf bjesurj, ajhol e suaihvhshco cf tgj `erljr phne `erljr phne 1: . Ygjsj pchots neo aj pcshthcoji cr n`esshſtji n`esshſtji cotc e p`eoj aut tgjy ic oct ojji tc tcung coj eoctgjr. eoctgjr. Ht hs e`sc tgj nesj whtg treihthcoe` bushn sncrjs whtg e octj, cr e lrcup cf octjs. ^ung sybac`s ^ung sybac`s erj erj oct e`weys ncoojntji tcljtgjr. Ygcsj sybac`s neo scbjthbjs tedj tgj fcrb cf ojstji ojstji cr th`ji cr th`ji iete strunturjs4 strunturjs 4 tup`jts
1:
^hoeo Acdjscy eoi Mjeo Aepthstj Yghjaeut. Eo epprceng tc vhsue`hzethco cf ncbp`jx jvjot iete fcr ljojrethol scohn strunturjs. 1;;74 eoi Bertho ^c`cbco. Ygj ert cf typclrepgy. 5876
51
fcr hosteonj. hosteonj. Ht hs ojvjrtgj`j ojvjrtgj`jss ss ihffjrjot ihffjrjot whtg shloe` whtg shloe`,, scuoi. scuoi. Jvjot Jvjotss erj pcshthcoji pcshthcoji cotc e ncothoucu ncothoucuss eoi uoswjrvhol uoswjrvhol thbj`hoj. thbj`hoj. ^cuoi bust e`weys ſtt hotc e ncothoucus thbj`hoj ajneusj thbj hs jotrcphn jotrcphn eoi eoi neooct neooct pgyshne``y pgyshne``y aj stcppji. stcppji. Ygjrj neooct neooct aj "gc`js" "gc`js" hotc e shloe`4 co`y ncoojntji sh`jonjs cr ihsncothouhthjs. Ht hs ihffjrjot whtg sybac`hn wrhthol ho bushne` ſtj`is cr ernghtjnture` ijshlo wgjrj ht hs pcssha`j tc gevj gevj "mubps" 16 . Yjntcohns Yjntcohns wcu`i wcu`i aj hotjrjsthol tc joijevcr.
16
^hlrhi A`cnd [gh`hppj Vjjojoiee` Ihjijrhd \h``hebs Ngrhs Eirhejossjos. ^gj`` strunturjs fcr ernghtjnturj. 1;594 eoi Mcgeoo Qefj`sdh eoi Ajroit Bð``jr. Ygj strunturji venuub. 587:
Yjssj``ethco hs ncosjqujot`y Yjssj``ethco hs ncosjqujot`y ojnjssery ojnjssery fcr shloe`s shloe`s sung es scuoi. scuoi. Co tgj ctgjr shij, ht hs oct eo ca`hlethco ca`hlethco fcr sybac`s sybac`s sung es sncrjs. Aut jvjrytgh jvjrytghol ol ijpjois gcw shloe` shloe` eoi sybac` erj ihstholuhs ihstholuhsgji. gji. E`sc, E`sc, tgj rjeijr cf sybac`s ges tgj frjjicb tc rjei ho eoy ihrjnthco eoi ihbjoshco4 lrepgs ihbjoshco4 lrepgs erj erj tgjrjfcrj usjfu` fcr sncrjs. Co`y steffs Co`y steffs neo neo lhvj e ihrjnthco fcr thbj ho tgj nesj cf treihthcoe` bushn octethco. E sncrj ijsnrhajs gcw wh`` jvjotue``y aj tgj ncotjot cf tgj ſtoe` phjnj. Aut ht hs e`sc e`sc e phjnj cf wcrd wcrd ay htsj`f htsj`f.. Ht hs tgjo tgjo e ncbpcs ncbpcshth hthco co fcr eoctgjr eoctgjr ncbpcshthco. ncbpcshthco. Ht hs tgjo pcssha`j pcssha`j tc nconjhvj nconjhvj e lrepg, lrepg, whtg hts rjprjsjote rjprjsjotethco thco cf hofcrbethco, hofcrbethco, es e phjnj ay htsj`f. Ht hs tgjo pcssha`j pcssha`j tc ncoshijr tgj jvc`uthco cf e lrepg hotc e ijſtoji spenj retgjr shbp`y ncoshijrhol ht es ngeoljs cf stetjs. \j sew tgjrj hs eo epperjot ncothouub ajtwjjo "restjr" (lreou`er) eoi "vjntcr" (ncothoucus) sybac`s wgjo pjrnjpthco p`eys whtg rjsc`uthco 1< . Fcr hosteonj, hosteonj, zccbhol hoshij e [jorcsj th`hol th`hol T T :R e``cws tgj rjeijr tc ijnrypt tgj hofcrbethco frcb eoctgjr pjrspjnthvj whtg ihffjrjot ijteh`s cr e ihffjrjot tjbpcre`hty. Yget zccbhol neo aj ihsnrjtj cr ncothoucus. ncothoucus. Aut conj eleho gjrj, ncothouhty ncothouhty ncbjs frcb tgj `hbhts tgj `hbhts cf e queothzji (lreou`er) uohvjrsj whtg bhohbe` j`jbjots endocw`jilji es ajhol ajycoi gubeo uoijrsteoihol cr pjrnjpthco. Yghs neo aj ne``ji e queothn ncothouub. ncothouub. Beoy bushn tgjcrhjs bedj usj cf e queothn epprceng 17 . ^cuo ^cuoi i hs hs ncoshijrji es lreou`er jvjo et hts sbe``jst sne`j. Lreou`er syotgjsjs Lreou`er syotgjsjs uth`hzj scuoi lrehos wghng neo aj ncoshijrji es queote queote.. Ht hs shbh`er whtg lreho frcb vhsue`s (phxj`s, (phxj`s, lreho cf phnturj phnturj jtn). ^cohn lrehos neo aj ncbpcsji cotc e thbj`hoj crleohzji ho phtng, iyoebhns cr beoy ijsnrhptcrs . Yjxturjs ctgjr scuoi ijsnrhptcrs. jxturjs erj nrjetji ushol ushol th`hol tjngohqujs tjngohqujs `hdj nconetjoethco cf ngcsjo lrehos tcljtgjr, cvjr`epphol, queothzhol cotc e thbj lrhi, reoicb pcshthcohol pcshthcohol jtn. Ygj tjngohquj tjngohquj wes whij`y usji ho tgj 588;‘s 18 . Ht quhnd`y ajncbjs ajncbjs vjry bushne` ajneusj ajneusj thbj hs hovc`vji. hovc`vji. Ht hs ocw `erlj`y jbp`cyji fcr bushn fcr bushn hofcrbethco rjtrhjve` rjtrhjve` cr cr leacr shloe` leacr shloe` prcnjsshol. [urj ncbpcshthcoe` tjngohqujs erj usji wgjo lrehos lrehos erj ncoshi ncoshijrj jrji i es ajhol `col. `col. Ygj tjngohqu tjngohqujj ajncbj ajncbjss e truj truj syotgjshs syotgjshs wgjo tgjy erj sgcrt joculg eoi rjeng `hbhts `hbhts cf pjrnjpthc pjrnjpthco, o, cr uoijrsteoihol. ^cbj ncbpcsjrs usj sjt usj sjt tgjcrhjs tc tgjcrhjs tc crleohzj lrehos
Fhlurj : = Vjntcrhzji [jorcsj Yh`hol
1<
@hoisey BenIcoe`i. BenIcoe`i. Ygj `hbhts cf rjsc`uthco. 1;5;4 Aca ^gjh`. Ei - ghlg ijſtohthco. 1;594 eoi Qjlhoe`i Aeho. E`lcrhtgbhn ncbpcshthco queotub bjngeohns & tgj bushne` icbeho. 58<;
17
Icul`es MJ Ouoo, E`eo [urvhs, eoi [jtjr I Beoohol. Beoohol. Encusthn Encusthn queote. queote. Bhnrcscuoi. 58864 eoi Nurths Qceis. Bhnrcscuoi. 1;;5
18
Ygj ernghtjnt Bhngej` ernghtjnt Bhngej` Geosbjyjr cr Geosbjyjr cr pgctclrepgjr Eoirjes pgctclrepgjr Eoirjes Lursdy p`ey Lursdy p`ey whtg sne`j eoi bu`thp`hnhty. Jeng bhnrcj`jbjot hs e shol`j systjb ncoojntji tc ctgjrs eoi nrjetj scbjtghol co e benrc-sne`j.
5>
>; .
^cbj ctgjrs nrjetj nrjetj pettjros ho wghng wghng tgj ſtoe` tjxturj hs beij cf actg lrehos eoi tgjhr nerrhjr, nerrhjr, jovj`cpj cr lrhi fcr hosteonj. E`hdj fcr n`ctgjs wghng prhots erj e`sc scbjthbjs ijpjoijot co tjxth`j htsj`f >5 . tjngohqujs neo aj hovc`vji ho shloe` prcnjsshol. Co coj geoi, syotgjshs geoi, syotgjshs tjngohqujs neo Co tgj ctgjr geoi, ncbpcshthcoe` geoi, ncbpcshthcoe` tjngohqujs neo retgjr aj pert cf syb ac`hn prcnjsshol. H jxp`ehoji jer`hjr tgjrj neo tgjo aj e queothn ncothouub thouub ajtwjjo actg prcnjssjs. prcnjssjs. Yghs ncothouub ncothouub neo aj rjprjsjotji rjprjsjotji ay e lrepg whtg e ojstji strunturj. Uueote erj mchoji tcljtgjr ay ru`js cf hofjrjonj. hofjrjonj. Ygjsj ru`js neo fcr hosteonj aj e aeyjsheo e aeyjsheo ojtwcrd cr e lrebber ojtwcrd >1 . Ygj cvjre`` cvjre`` hs eo crleohzethco crleohzethco ncotehohol ncotehohol sbe``jr sjts cf ctgjr crleohzethcos T6R. Jeng Jeng sjt, cr nj``, nj``, sbe``j sbe``jrr cr whtg tgj sebj shzj, hs ncoshijrji es e sne`j e sne`j.. E ngeolj cf sne`j hs eo htjrethco htjrethco ho ho tgj ncbpcshthcoe` prcnjss >> . \j te`d eacut ncbputethco eacut ncbputethco wgjrj wgjrj thbj hs uorjj`ji frcb ne`nu`ethco.
>;
Fcrtj E``jo. Ygj strunturj strunturj cf etcoe` bushn. 58<<4 eoi [eu` [eu` Qhdjr. Qhdjr. Ygj sjrhe`hsb cf bh`tco aeaahtt. 1;5;
>5
Xcgmh Xebebctc cftjo Xebebctc cftjo nconjotretjs co tgj fjj` eoi tcung cf tgj n`ctghol. Ygj jer`y ihlhte` erthst Cttc erthst Cttc Ajndbeoo usjs Ajndbeoo usjs tv phxj`s cr `esjr icts es vhsha`j nerrhjr.
>1
Jiceric Encttc eoi Bcrjoc Eoirjette. Ajtwjjo bhoi eoi betgjbethns. ihffjrjot dhois cf ncbputethcoe` rjprjsjotethcos cf bushn. 1;51
>>
[rzjbys`ew [rushodhjwhnz eoi Erhsthi @hoijobeyjr. @hoijobeyjr. Ygj e`lcrhtgbhn ajeuty cf p`eots. 588;
Fhlurj 6 = bu`th-sne`er eoi bu`thcrijr crleohzethco crleohzethco cf hofcrbehofcrbethco. Ghii Ghiijo jo berdcv bcij`s bcij`s erj eo jxnjpthco ajneusj ht co`y uth` uth`hz hzjs js prca prcaea eah` h`ht hthj hjs. s. Ho cur nesj, pettjro nj``s neo aj ljojretji ay eoytghol eoi erj rj`etji whtg whtg ctgjr ctgjrss whtg whtg ru`js ru`js.. Bhoh Bhoh-be` pettjros pettjros wgjo wgjo zcc zccbji bji et tgj vjry acttcb cf tgj sne`j erj queote(j).
Fcr hosteonj, frente` j`jbjots cnnur wgjo ru`js erj e`` tgj sebj ennrcss sne`js. ^c frente`s erj jxnjpthcos ajneusj tgjy e`weys gevj sj`fgevj sj`fshbh`erhty cr shbh`erhty cr sne`j sne`j hoverheon hoverheonjj ajtwjjo sne`js. ^tjpgjo sne`js. ^tjpgjo \c`freb‘s \c`freb‘s nj``u nj``u`er eutcbete cr eutcbete cr fcrbe` lrebber @hoijobeyjr lrebber @hoijobeyjr systjb erj systjb erj hotjrjsthol prcnjiure` ljojretcrs whtgho nj``s aut tgjy rerj`y tcte``y fu`ſt`` tgj prcnjiure` ncoihthcos tc ljojretj eo jothrj phjnj T7R. ^ne`j Qj`ethvhty hs Qj`ethvhty hs e tgjcry cf spenj-thbj hohthe``y ijvj`cpji ay @eurjot Octte`j >9 . Jrwho ^ngröiholjr‘s ^ngröiholjr‘s wcrd hs e`sc hovc`vji. Ht hs eo jxtjoshco cf tgj spjnhe` eoi ljojre` rj`ethvhty epp`hji tc pgyshne` sne`js (thbj, `joltg jtn) eoi ehbs tc uohfy actg rj`ethvhthjs4 e `htt`j `hdj strhol tgjcry.. Ht hs usji tc prjihnt tgj `cnethco tgjcry `cnethco cf jxcp`eojts jxcp`eojts fcr jxebp`j. jxebp`j. Ygj [`eond Ygj [`eond sne`j hs sne`j hs epp`hji epp`hji tc bess, thbj eoi `joltg. `joltg. Ht hs tgj sbe``sbe``jst casjrvea`j pcssha`j sne`j oct co`y ajneusj ht beyaj hs tgj entue`
>9
@eurjot @eurjot Octte`j. Ygj tgjcry cf sne`j rj`ethvhty. 1;;8
59
Fhlurj < = Ygj lrjy sjnthco sjnthco ncrrjspcois tc wget hs uoijrstcci ay gubeos gubeos.. [gyshn [gyshnss arjeds arjeds icwo icwo ajycoi tgj `hojs ajneusj tgj bcij` hs sth`` oct ennuretj. Ygjrj hs e suspjnt ncbpereah`hty whtg tgj uoijrsteoihol cf euihc (ihffjrjot frcb `hbhts cf pjrnjpthco). Ygj rjesco ncbjs frcb oeturj eoi tgj wey pjrnjpthco hs gerinciji ho tgj gubeo areho.
sbe``jst sne`j aut e`sc ajneusj nurrjot `ews cf pgyshns neooct nconjhvj njhvj furtgjr furtgjr.. Yghs `hbht wh`` prcaea`y prcaea`y aj pusgji ewey ewey whtg eoctgjr "uoijrsteoihol" cf tgj wcr`i. Ygjrj hs eo e`hdjojss whtg euihc4 scuoi cr bushn T: .
>:
Oceb Ngcbsdy. ^yotenthn strunturj.
58:<
Fhlurj 7= By phjnj 7<88n ( 1;5>) hs oct oct be beij ij whtg whtg nj`` nj``u` u`er er eueutcbete aut ht hovc`vjs eo jvc`uthco cf pettjros ushol ncbputethco. ]ccbhol ]ccbhol ho cr cut nrjetjs hotjrfjrjonjs (bchrè whtg phxj`s frcb tgj snrjjo). Ijoshty cf icts nrjetjs lrjy `jvj`s whtg e zccbcut.
5:
Fhlurj 8= Bjsg c cff e bhohbe` surfenj beij surfenj beij whtg tgj rghoc tgj rghoc >i scftwerj.
ihbjoshcos eoi prcmjnthcos Es ijsnrhaj ijsnrhaji i jer`h jer`hjr jr,, e lrepg lrepg hs actg actg e sncrj sncrj eoi e vhsue` vhsue` phjnj phjnj htsj`f htsj`f.. Ht hs tgjo tgjo oct co`y e vhsue` vhsue`hze hzethc thco o aut e`sc eo jvc`uthvj jvc`uthvj fcrb ijſtoji ay e nccrihoetj systjb systjb eoi eoi perebjt perebjtjrs. jrs. Ht hs e perebjtrhn e perebjtrhn ncbpcshthco es H ijſtoji jer`hjr jer`hjr.. Ygj octhco cf perebjtrhn perebjtrhn jquethco hs ljojre`hzji ljojre`hzji tc surfenjs tc surfenjs,, beohfc`is beohfc`is eoi eoi e`ljarehn verhjthjs cf ghlgjr ihbjoshco. Fcr jxebp`j, e streht `hoj ho e 1 i spenj spenj hs jquhve`jot jquhve`jot tc e ncothoucus ncothoucus ngeolj cf coj ihbjoshc ihbjoshco o ncbpe ncbperji rji tc tgj ctgjr. ctgjr. Yghs Yghs pgjocb pgjocbjoc joco o hs shbh`e shbh`err tc shloe` shloe`ss `hdj `hdj frjquj frjqujony ony vjrsus vjrsus thbj. thb j. Ht hs ihffjr ihffjrjot jot ho tgj nesj cf sybac` sybac`ss wgjrj wgjrj frjqujon frjqujony y eoi thbj erj oeture oeture``y ``y ij-ncrr ij-ncrrj`e j`etji tji.. Ygjy Ygjy erj erthſtnhe``y `hodji tcljtgjr ay eo crijrhol strunturj auh`i auh`i ay tgj ncbpcsj ncbpcsjrr. Ygj phjnj phjnj jois jois up ajhol ajhol tghs crleohzet crleohzethco. hco. Yghs strunturj strunturj hs tgjo e bu`thihbjoshcoe` e bu`thihbjoshcoe` camjnt camjnt ho e spenj wghng nertjsheo nccrihoetjs >6 fcrb, cr ljste`t ncrrjspcoi tc ncbpcshthcoe` perebjtjrs . Ygj camjnts erj beij cf fcrb, cr ljste`t,, wghng neo e`sc ngeolj cvjr thbj. ^jvjre` vjrshcos cf e sebj camjnt wcu`i must bedj e sjrhjs cf camjnts tget ncu`i tgjo aj vhsue`hzji ho e bcvhj. Ht ncu`i e`sc ajncbj e sjrhjs sjrhjs cf cf sjvjre` sjvjre` bushn phjnjs. H eb vjry hotjrjstji hotjrjstji ay sjrhjs ajneusj ajneusj ht rehsjs qujsthcos ho rj`ethco whtg hoiustrhe`hzethco cf bushn. Ygjsj fcrbs neo aj ncostruntji ushol verhcus dhois cf ljojrethvj e`lcrhtgbs coj neo ſtoi ho bushn ncbpcshthco cr ernghtjnture` ijshlo >< . Bcrpgcljojshs (ahc`clhne` Bcrpgcljojshs (ahc`clhne` prcnjss tget neusjs eo crleohsb tc ijvj`cp hts sgepj) hs fcr hosteonj e lrjet scurnj cf hosphrethco. Mcgo Frezjr fcrFrezjr fcrbe`hzji rjpth`heo strunturjs es e th`hol systjb. E`sc, tgj febcus Der` febcus Der` ^hbs wes ^hbs wes e phcojjr co erthſtnhe` co erthſtnhe` `hfj eoi `hfj eoi ncbpcsji jvc`vhol nrjeturjs >7 ushol ljojthn ushol ljojthn e`lcrhtgbs .
>6
Zofcrtuoetj`y, vjry fjw ncbpcsjrs usj sung hosphrethco eoi hostjei bcst`y bcst`y usj aeshn ljojretcrs ljojretcrs cf fcrb. Coj cf tgj rjesco ncbjs frcb nu`ture` aendlrcuoi eoi `end cf cpjo-bhoijiojss cf hosthtuthcos. Eoctgjr rjesco ncbjs frcb tgj vjry strcol ihfſtnu`ty tc esscnhetj ljojrethvj jrethvj nconjpts nconjpts whtg e bushne` bushne` hotjrjst. hotjrjst. ^treolj`y ^treolj`y joculg, joculg, ushol e
><
@hoie Ie`rybp`j Ie`rybp`j Gjoijrsco. Gjoijrsco. Ygj fcurtg ihbjoshco eoi oco-jun`hijeo ljcbjtry ho bcijro ert. 587>
Ljcrlj Ljcrlj ^thoy eoi Mebjs Lhps. Lhps. ^gepj lrebbers eoi tgj ljojrethvj spjnhſtnethco cf pehothol eoi snu`pturj. 5868 >7
Mcgo Frezjr. Eo jvc`uthcoery ernghtjnturj. 588:4 eoi Der` ^hbs. Jvc`vhol Jvc`vhol vhrtue` nrjeturjs. 5889
56
sholu`er ljojrethvj systjb jois whtg e rjsu`t jhtgjr tcc ncbp`jx cr tcc shbp`j shbp`j tc epprjg epprjgjoi joi.. Ht hs e qujsth qujsthco co cf "lcci" "lcci" rethc4 rethc4 gerbco gerbcoy y shbp`hnhty . Ht hs e`sc e beho hssuj ajtwjjo ncbp`jxhty ajtwjjo ncbp`jxhty eoi eoi shbp`hnhty. hssuj nconjroh nconjrohol ol syojstgjshe4 erthsthn (ncostrehoji) ngchnjs eoi nconjsshcos gevj tc aj beij ajtwjjo tgj trheol`j "ljojretcr" & "euihc" & "vhsue`". Yghs sua mjnt hs eacut bepphol eacut bepphol eoi rjbehos coj cf tgj beho erthsthn qujsthco rehsji ho tghs tgjshs. Fcrbs neo tgjo aj prcmjntji cotc e nccrihoetj systjb. Ygjy neo e`sc aj prcmjntji tc eoctgjr fcrb `hdj e p`eoj cr e spgjrj fcr hosteonj. E prcmjnthco neo aj sjjo es e rjiunthco cf ihbjoshco wghng hs e rjiunthco cf perebjtjrs perebjtjrs fcr bushn. bushn. Ygj camjnt icjs oct gevj gevj tc aj`col aj`col tc eo jun`hiheo eo jun`hiheo spenj4 spenj4 spenj ijfcrbethco ncu`i ijfcrb tgj jothrj camjnt gjonj hts prcmjnthcos cotc tgj nccrihoetj systjb, gjonj hts perebjtjrs. [rcmjnthco e`sc [rcmjnthco e`sc geppjos wgjo e rjeijr wetngjs e vhsue` sncrj. Ho tget nesj, tgj prcmjnthco, pchot cf vhjw, neo aj sjt tc e p`eoj ho tgj sebj wey we y > i scftwerjs scftwerjs bedj usj cf vhrtue` vhrtue` nebjres. [cshthcoh [cshthcohol ol e nebjre nebjre p`eoj ijpjois co wget ges tc aj sgcwo frcb tgj camjnt. Gjrj e`sc, ht hs eo erthſtnhe` ncrrj`ethco ajtwjjo tgj eastrent uoijrsteoihol cf rjeihol eoi tgj purj vhsue` ejstgjthns. Ht hs eo erthsthn ngchnj. \j gevj sjjo coj phjnj hs coj camjnt. Aut shonj ht hs ljojrethv ljojrethvj, j, tgjrj neo aj sjrhjs. Jeng phjnj cf e sebj sjrhjs ic oct ojji tc gevj tgj sebj iurethco iurethco cr tjsshturj. tjsshturj. Ygj camjnt hs treosfcrbji treosfcrbji eoi co`y bcrpgc`cly co`y bcrpgc`cly rjbehos. rjbehos. Gjrj eleho, ljcbjtrhn eoi bcrpgc`clhn bcrpgc`clhn ncbputethcos ncbputethcos neo >8 aj usji fcr treosfcrbethcos . [erebjtjrs [erebjtjrs neo aj usji fcr ngeolhol ngeolhol fcrbs sc wj erj sth`` te`dhol eacut perebjtrhn eacut perebjtrhn ncbpcshthco. ncbpcshthco . Fcr hosteonj, wj sew tget sybac`s erj oeture``y ij-ncrrj`etji frcb shloe`s eoi tget co`y eo erthſtnhe` erthſtnhe` crleohzethco, crleohzethco, ncbpcshthco, ncbpcshthco, hs ncoojnthol ncoojnthol tgjb. Ht hs jesh`y pcssha`j tc snreba`j nccrihoetj systjbs eoi tcte``y ljt eoctgjr rjsu`t frcb e sebj fcrb T55R. E`ljarehn ljcbjtry ljcbjtry nconjros tgj ijsnrhpthco cf prcpjrthjs cf ljcbjtrhn strunturjs ushol e`ljarehn jxprjsshcos. Ht hovc`vjs hovc`vjs tgj stuiy cf "pcshthco" "pcshthco" whtg tcpcs whtg tcpcs eoi eoi tgj stuiy cf 9; fcrb whtg tcpc`cly .
Fhlurj 5; = Icts ho > i erj prc mjntji cotc e p`eoj, tgj vhjwjr. vhjwjr. Ygj bcrj pjrpjoihnu`er hs tgj pjrspjnthvj eol`j cf e`hloji icts, tgj n`csjr tgjy erj frcb jeng ctgjr. Ygjy jvjotue``y irew e ncothoucus `hoj. E pert cf by phjnj Desper phjnj Desper H ( ( 1;5;) hs vc`uotery sgcwo gjrj ho e sbe`` shzj. Aut ht hs vjntcrhzji eoi neo aj zccbji.
>8
Qcajrt E`eo Icrleo. Bushn ho ernghtjnturj / ernghtjnturj ho bushn. 588;4 eoi Lcifrhji Y Ycussehot. Ycussehot. Ncbputethcoe` ljcbjtry eoi bcrpgc`cly. 5876
9;
Ngrhstcf Bhlcoj. Vc`ubj cf ncoſtojbjot eoi hoſtohty. 1;;>4 eoi Ljcrljs @jljoirj. @jljoirj. Ei - betgjbethns betgjbethns cf spenj. 1;55
Fhlurj 55 = shbp`j crtgclcoe` rctethco cf lrepg
5<
Fhlurj 51= pere pereac ac`e `e eoi nuahn nuahn nurvj nurvj ho e prcmj prcmjnth nthvj vj spenj. spenj. Ho tghs tghs jxebp` jxebp`j, j, tgj hohthe hohthe`` spenj spenj ges ges hoſto hoſtoht htjj jois jois.. Ygj Ygj spgj spgjrh rh-ne` coj co wghng nurvjs erj prc mjntji hs e `hbhtji spenj. [jrbutethco hs ocrbe``y e ihsnrjjt prcnjss= prcnjss= fc`ihol fc`ihol ljojretjs ljojretjs ihsncothouhthjs. E prcmjnthco cotc e spgjrj neo retgjr aj sjjo es ncothoucus pjrbutethcos.
Bcrj ljojre``y, bushn vhsue`hzethcos eoi prcnjsshol cftjo usj fcrbs eoi ljcbjtry tc ajttjr epprjgjoi hofcrbethco ho e vhsue` wey. Eol`j cf vhjws, prcmjnthcos eoi ihbjoshcos ngeoljs erj usji e `ct tc treospcsj tget hofcrbethco hotc e ajttjr usea`j stetj eoi tgjo usj bcrj eieptji eieptji tcc`s. E shbp`j jxebp`j erj ngcris cr rgytgbs rgytgbs rjprjsjotji rjprjsjotji cr prcnjssji cotc e nhrn`j T5>R. E nhrn`j ges ajjo ngcsjo ajneusj cf tgj rj`ethvj nyn`hne`hty cf bushne` sne`j cr rgytgbs (bciu`c). Yghs hs e`sc e n`csji sgepj e``cwhol tc auh`i eoi ncbperj pc`ylcos ncbperj pc`ylcos..
Fhlurj 5>= shbp shbp``j pjrb pjrbu utetethcos, sghfthols, cf coj ncosteot rgytgb ho eo jhlgt ajet aer
nhojbethn, shbu`ethco eoi iyoebhn Iurhol tgj ohojtjjotg njotury, Gj`bgc`tz njotury, Gj`bgc`tz stuihji stuihji tgj rj`ethcosghp ajtwjjo bushne` gerbcoy eoi tgj gubeo 95 pjrnjptue` epperetus . Ghs ihsncvjrhjs neo luhij eo hovjsthlethco hotc tgj rj`ethcosghp ajtwjjo bushn eoi vhsue` ert. Gj`bgc`tz ncon`uiji tget wj epprjnhetj tgj ljcbjtrhn prclrjsshco ho scuoi frjqujonhjs ajneusj cur jers sjjb tc prciunj tgjsj cvjrtcojs cvjrtcojs jvjo jvjo ho tgj easjonj cf tgjhr pgyshne` prjsjonj. prjsjonj. Yhbj Yhbj fentcr hs uoicuatji` uoicuatji`y y nrhthne` nrhthne` wgjo rjeihol, rjeihol, we wetngho tnghol l cr `hstjohol `hstjohol hofcrbethco. hofcrbethco. Crijr Crijr (ihrjnthc (ihrjnthco o cr `hojerhty `hojerhty)) eoi spjji erj eo hbpcrteot fentcr ho tgj ijiunthco cf honcbhol shloe`s. Ygj rjeijr cf tgcsj shloe`s ges e aj`hjf aj`hjf cf uoijrsteoi uoijrsteoihol. hol. Yghs fehtg irhvjs ghb e`col wget gj tghods ajhol e perthnu`er prcnjss. Yget prcnjss icjs oct gevj tc aj tgj coj tget entue``y ljojretji tgj phjnj4 tgj rjeijr neo jvjotue``y ncoshijr wgetjvjr gj weots ho tgj wey gj
95
Gjrbeoo Gj`bgc`tz. Gj`bgc`tz. Co tgj sjosethcos cf tcoj es e pgyshc`clhne` aeshs fcr tgj tgjcry cf bushn. bushn. 577:
57
Fhlurj 59 = soepsgcts cf e rgytgbhn sncrj cf bhoj (1;55). Oc Octj tj tgj ncbpcsji pcshthco cf sbe`` ae``s eoi tgjhr ijoshthjs. Ygj phjnj neo aj rjei cotc pepjr cr es e bcvhj. bcvhj. Octhnj Octhnj tgj tgj hbpcrhbpcrteonj cf ijſtohthco eoi sne`hol ho tghs phjnj.
weots. Yjbpcre`hty cf rjeihol hs ojvjrtgj`jss fcrnji whtg bcvhol hbeljs phjnjs, phjnjs, treihthcoe treihthcoe`` sncrjs cr jvjo jvjo bushn. E thbj`hoj irhvjs irhvjs ijiunthco ho iunthco ho tgjsj spjnhe` spjnhe` nesjs. nesjs. Ygj octhco octhco cf bjbcrhjs tgjo p`eys eo hbpcrteot rc`j ho hofjrjonj ho hofjrjonj.. Yghs hs strcol`y strcol`y tgj nesj whtg bushn bushn jvjo tgculg tjbpcre`hty neo scbjthbjs aj ncoshijrji ihffjrjot`y4 hoste``ethco wcrds fcr hosteonj. Hf tgj rjeijr hs frjj tc hotjrprjt eoy honcbhol hofcrbethco, gj neo aj trenjs `jfts ay oeture` eoi `hjvj ho entue` sncrjs aut e`sc ho eoy ctgjr trenjs `jfts uoerthsthn prcnjssjs4 e "sncrj" frcb oeturj T oeturj T 5:R. Gj neo e`sc ncoshijr ncoshijr iete vhsue`hzethco cr eoy ctgjr syojstgjthn camjnt es e sncrj e`tgculg ht hs oct e`wey e`weyss tgj nesj. @jvj` @jvj` cf ncbp`jxht ncbp`jxhty y e`sc ges eo hbpcrteot hbpcrteot rc`j prjihnteah`hty cf jvjots ho tgj tgj prjihnteah`hty cf jvjots cr pettjros. pettjros. Yghs hs coj cf tgj rjesco wgy reoicbojss hs reoicbojss hs whij`y usji fcr ncbpcshol sjjbhol`y ncbp`jx strunturjs. Ncbp`jxhty turjs. Ncbp`jxhty hs hs eleho gjrj eo hbpcrteot erje fcr jxpjrhbjotethco.
Yhbj neo tgjo aj uorc`` uorc``ji ji wgjo scbjcoj scbjcoj rjeis e sncrj. sncrj. Ygj sncrj sncrj neo tgjo ajncbj e bushn ushol eoctgjr bjihe aut ushol tgj sebj hofjrjonjs. fjrjonjs. Ygj sncrj neo e`sc aj iyoebhn eoi ngeolj ngeolj cvjr thbj. Yhbj Yhbj
Fhlurj 5: = auaa`j ngebajr4 j`jntrhne``y ngerlji perthn`js `jevj trenjs eftjr nc``hshco.
e+a+n2e*a*n *n Fhlurj 56= 7<88i e+a+n2e*a (1;59) trhptyng phjnj co pvn. Ht hs aeshne``y e 1 i betrhx cf reoicb sjts. Bhohbe`hsb hs co coj geoi et hts shbp`jst eoi bcst pcssha`j fietojss. fietojss. Co eoctgjr geoi, bexhbe`hsb hs et hts ajst4 tgj bcst honcbprjssha`j pett pettjro. jro. Coj neo neo co`y ncbperj ajtwjjo tgj tgrjj neoves4 tgj bjihub eoi hts ncoſtlurethco ajncbjs tgjo es hbpcrteot es tgj ncotjot htsj`f.
58
ajncbjs tgjo must eoctgjr ihbjoshco co wghng ht hs pcssha`j tc prcmjnt perebjtjrs. Hts strunturj tgjo e`sc ajncbjs e trjj strunturj whtg verhcus sne`js eoi ru`js es H ijsnrhaji jer`hjr. Eoctgjr thbj hs ncosjqujot`y pcssha`j4 e thbj jvjotue``y ijsnrhahol pgyshn pgyshne` e` thbj. Ygjo Ygjo eoc eoctgj tgjrr thb thbjj ijsnrh ijsnrhajs ajs tgj thb thbjj tget tget ijsnrh ijsnrhajs ajs pgyshne` thbj jtn. Ygjrj hs oc ihffjrjonj ajtwjjo thbj ajtwjjo thbj eoi eoi spenj spenj ho ho tget nesj. Ygj ebcuot cf thbjs hs tgj crijr tgj crijr cf cf thbj strunturj. Fcr hosteonj, e bcvhj, e`rjeiy wcrdhol whtg thbj, neo sjj hts thbhol ngeolhol whtg verhcus vjrshcos. Qje`thbj Qje`thbj bushn phjnjs e`weys ngeolj pjrfcrbeonj eftjr pjrfcrbeonj ajneusj cf tgjhr hoput tgjhr hoput eoi eoi pcssha`j hotjroe` ljojrethvj j`jbjots. \crdhol co tgj thbj cf e iyoebhn e iyoebhn phjnj phjnj (thbj-aesji) hs wcrdhol co e "bjte phjnj". ^cbj pjcp`j ne`` ht ljojrethvhty 91 . Ygjrj hs ojvjrtgj`jss e ihffjrjonj ajtwjjo thbj eoi spenj et tgj vjry joi cf tgj nrjethvj ngeho4 wgjo thbj ajncbjs rje` whtg hts ncostrehots ncostrehots ho ho tgj pgyshne` pgyshne` wcr`i. wcr`i. Yghs ſtoe` stjp tcweri tcweri rje`hty hs entue``y tgj coj tget ncofrcot e wcrd tc rje`hty, tc ctgjr pjcp`j muiljbjot. Ht hs e`sc usjfu` e fjjiaend tget tget neo e`sc scbjthbjs aj ncoshijrji fcr ncrrjnthcos cf tgj eastrenthc eastrenthco. o. Yghs fjjiaend Yghs fjjiaend `ccp hs `ccp hs tgjo eoctgjr j`jbjot ho tgj jothrj ljojrethvj systjb eoi jvjotue``y lhvj ht `hfj eoi steah`hty. Ht hs e`sc usjfu` eoi hosphrhol tc ngcsj tc sjperetj thbj frcb spenj. Oct co`y et tgj joi cf tgj nrjethvj prcnjss fcr pgyshne` bcvjbjots `hdj scuoi spethe`hz spethe`hzethco ethco.. H ijsnrhaji jer`hjr jer`hjr tgj pcsshah`h pcsshah`hty ty tc ncb9> pcsj ushol tcpc`clhne` spenjs cr fcrb tgjbsj`vjs whtg tcpc`cly whtg tcpc`cly 99 . Ht hs e`sc pcssha`j tc usj tgj bhsshol `hod ajtwjjo ajtwjjo sybac`hn sybac`hn fcrb eoi hts surrcuoihols ay eiihol thbji j`jbjots, ay eiihol bcvjbjots eoi trenjs eoi trenjs (eleho). (eleho). Yghs ges vjry n`csj `hods whtg htjrethco whtg htjrethco.. Eleho gjrj, nj``u`er eutcbete, eutcbete, sj sj`f-crleohzho `f-crleohzhol l systjbs cr ctgjr ncbputethcoe` benghojs erj hovc`vji. ^pethe` ncbputhol tedjs ncbputhol tedjs thbj hotc enncuot ho tgj sjosj ncbputethco hs spenj crhjotji 9: . Ajshijs ncbputethcoe` Ajshijs ncbputethcoe` tgjcry cf bhoi, bhoi, ljocbhns ljocbhns eoi eoi e`lcrhtgbhn e`lcrhtgbhn treihol,, coj cf tgj u`thbetj wcrd whtg hol whtg ncbputethcoe` ncbp`jxhty hs tgj shbu`ethco cf tgj uohvjrsj. uohvjrsj . O-aciy shbu`ethcos shbu`etj e iyoebhne` systjb cf perthn`js. Ht stuihjs prcnjssjs cf oco-`hojer strunturj fcrbethco sung es le`exy es le`exy ſt`ebjots eoi le`exy eoi le`exy ge`cs frcb ge`cs frcb tgj hofiujonj cf ierd bettjr. bettjr. E shbu`ethco hbhtetjs e rje`-wcr`i prcnjss cr systjb cvjr thbj. Ht ajncbjs ncbpcshthc ncbpcshthco o wgjo ru`js tget lcvjro ht erj hohthe``y hohthe``y sjt ay gubeos. gubeos. Ho tget sjosj, sung bu`th-eljo bu`th-eljott systjb hs e rhng spespethe` ncbpcshthco ncbpcshthco.. Ht wcu`i aj hotjrjstho hotjrjsthol l tc ngeolj tgj ru`js ru`js whtgcut whtgcut nerhol eacut entue` pgyshns aut retgjr erthsthn rjsu`ts. Icul`es Gcfsteitjr‘‘s Löij`, Jsngjr, Aeng hs teitjr Aeng hs oct eacut betgjbethns, ert, eoi bushn aut retgjr eacut gcw nclohthco eoi tghodhol jbjrlj frcb wj``-ghiijo ojurc`clhne` bjngeohsbs. Ygcsj bjngeohsbs neo ojvjrtgj`jss sprhol e tcte``y hbelhoery uohvjrsj betjrhe`hzhol tc sjrhjs cf "ert" phjnjs.
Fhlurj 5< = Yghs phjnj hs aesji co e shol`j rjpjththvj `ccp pettjro treos`etji ho e p`eoj ay eo eutcocbcus eo eutcocbcus bu`th-eljot systjb.. Ht hs eleho eoctgjr bhosystjb hbe`hsthn phjnj ajneusj co`y tgj petg hs rjei ay vhshtcrs. Ht hs e`sc e "ncbp`jx" phjnj ajneusj cf hts beoy eoi sjjbhol`y reoicb htjrethcos. 91
Fcr ghs phjnj ^c`c phjnj ^c`c,, Der`gjhoz ^tcndgeusjo oct co`y ihntetjs tgj hotjrprjgeusjo oct thvj prcnjssjs aut e`sc ru`js e`sc ru`js tgj tgj crijr cf tgj perts ho e ijsnrhpthvj retgjr tgeo ſtxji wey. 9> Lujrhoc Bezzc`e. Ygj tcpcs cf bushn. Ljcrljs @jljoirj. @jljoirj. Ei 1;;14 eoi Ljcrljs betgjbethns cf spenj. 1;55 99
Qcajrt Ncleo. Hbelhol scohn strunturj. 5876 9:
@cuhs Ahlc. Qjprèsjotethcos sybac`hqujs bushne`js jt ne`nu` spethe`. 1;5>4 eoi Dcorei ]usj. ]usj. Ne`nu`ethol spenj. 5868
Fhlurj 57 = Qetgjr c`i aut sth`` ajeuthfu` shbu`ethco cf tgj Zohvjrsj frcb tgj Bex-[`eondtgj Bex-[`eondHosthtut för Estrcpgyshd ho Estrcpgyshd ho 1;;:.
Hbp`jbjotethco ngchnj, ljojrethvj sjrhjs Bjihe Ert hs Ert hs e ljojrhn tjrb fcr ert hovc`vhol bjihe tjngoc`clhjs. tjngoc`clhjs . Ygj Ygj suamjnt hs tgjo cftjo eacut tgj dhoi cf bjihe usji ay tgj phjnj htsj`f. Yghs hs tgj nesj gjrj shonj tgj eacvj pcjthne` eoi tgjcrjthn jxp`eoethco hs pert cf tgj phjnj phjnj cf ert eoi ges eo hbpcrt hbpcrteot eot rc`j. rc`j. H wcu`i cu`i retgjr retgjr ne`` tghs nconjptue` tghs nconjptue` ert ajneusj ert ajneusj tgj nconjpt hs tgj pjrscoe` uoſtohsgji uohvjrsj ho wghng tgj ojxt phjnjs sgcu`i aj tedhol p`enj. E`` cf tgj eacvj pcjthne` eoi tgjcrjthn jxp`eoethco hs tgjo epp`hji tc rgytgb cotc sncrj eoi scuoi. Hlcr ^trevhosdy sehi "Ygjrj neo aj oc bushn whtgcut whtgcut rgytgb" rgytgb".. H fcnus fcnus tghs wcrd co rgytgb rgytgb ajneusj ajneusj ht nconjotretj nconjotretjss phjnjs tc tgj purhty cf e strunture strunture`` sdj`jtco. Yghs icjs oct bjeo tgjrj hs oc scuoi et e`` aut retgjr e e bhohbe`hsthn epprceng. Aut scuoi scbjgcw ges tc aj pert cf rgytgbhn jvc`uthcos4 `htt`j aht es fcr treihth treihthcoe coe`` pheoc pheoc bushn. bushn. Qgytgb Qgytgbss co e oeocsn oeocsncph cphnn sne`j sne`j neo ljojretj benrcsncphn fcrbs ho tgj sebj wey cf oeoctjngoc`cly. oeoctjngoc`cly. Ygjrj hs oct tgj hotjothco tc auh`i e scftwerj tget ncu`i aj usji ay eoyaciy eoyaciy.. Ht hs retgjr tgj ncostrunthco ncostrunthco eoi crleohzethco crleohzethco cf e wcrdficw e``cwhol jxpjrhbjotethco eoi ncbpcshthco hoshij tgj vhshco H ijsnrhaj ho tgj prjvhcus sjnthcos cf tghs icnubjot. E`sc, tgjrj hs oct tgj whsg tc ljojre`hzj ljojrethvj bushn ocr tgj wrhthol fcr j`jntrcohn bushn. Yghs hs bcrj tgj wcrd fcr bushnc`clhsts eoi ht hs e gulj rhsd tget rhsd tget sgcu`i aj evchiji evchiji es bung es pcssha`j. ^ung trep jxhsts ajneusj cf tgj rj`ethco ajtwjjo ncbputjrs eoi ert. Ngchnjs gevj tgjo tc aj icoj ho crijr tc bedj tgj wcrd wcrd tgj cppcshtj cppcshtj cf e ljojre`hze ljojre`hzethco. thco. Ljojre`hze Ljojre`hze-thco ojvjrtgj`jss jxhsts fcr phjnjs hoshij e sjrhjs eoi uohqujojss co`y epp`hjs epp`hjs tc sjrhjs es e shol`j shol`j phjnj. H gevj tgj hotjothco hotjothco tc auh`i auh`i sjrhjs ajneusj tgjy ajttjr rj`etj tgjhr ncotjxt. Fcr hosteonj, [hjrrj hosteonj, [hjrrj ^cu`eljs hs eo hotjrjsthol erthst phjnj ay phjnj aut e`sc fcr tgj wcrd cf ghs `hfjthbj. Ncbpcshol Ncbpcshol sjrhjs arhols arhols tgj cppcrtuoh cppcrtuohty ty tc prjsjot prjsjot tgj phjnj whtg e rhngjr ncotjxt. ncotjxt. H weot tgj ncotjxt, eoi nconjpt, nconjpt, tc pcssha`y pcssha`y aj sgcwo es pert cf tgj phjnj htsj`f. Fer frcb ajhol ihienthn cr pjielclhn, tgjy neo must aj hosphrethco scurnjs cr scbjtghol ncbp`jtj`y fedj aut
11
e``cwhol tgj euihjonj tc "trevj`" eoi rjei tgj phjnj. H aj`hjvj ht hs coj strjoltg fcr ernghtjnts wgc rerj`y co`y sgcw e auh`ihol whtgcut hts scnhe`, nhe`, ghstcrhne ghstcrhne`` eoi tjngohne` tjngohne` ncotjxt. ncotjxt. Yghs strjoltg strjoltg bust aj usji co purj bushn fcr scnhe` eoi pc`hthne` rjescos.
wcrdficw
T58R subberhzjs gcw hofcrbethco sgcu`i aj crleohzji eoi pcssha`y treosfcrbji enncrihol tc tgj vhshco ijsnrhaji ho tgj prjvhcus perts cf tghs icnubjot. Ygrjj beho ihrjnthcos ijsnrhaj tgj wcrdficw tgj ajst= ^ne`js erj ncostruntji ushol ihffjrjot ru`js. Ygjsj sne`js erj ho rj`ethco ¼ ^ne`js erj coj tc eoctgjr ushol pcssha`y ihffjrjot ru`js.
¼ Ojstji trjj iete strunturjs erj ojjiji whtg tgj pcsshah`hty tc co`y ljojretj cr treosfcrb treosfcrb coj `eyjr `eyjr et e thbj. ¼ Fcrb ljojretcrs hoijpjoijot`y, cr oct, epp`hji tc jeng sne`j. Ht hs `jlhthbetj ho tget nesj tc usj Bushn ncbpcshthco tcc`s es wj`` es Ernghtjnturj ncbpcs ncbpcshth hthco co tcc tcc`s. `s. Ycc` cc`ss erj bcrj cr `jss `jss eieptj eieptji i
Fhlurj 58 = subberhzj cf gcw hofcrbethco sgcu`i aj crleohzji eoi pcssha`y treosfcrbji enncrihol tc tgj vhshco ijsnrhaji ho tgj prjvhcus perts cf tghs icnubjot.
1>
tc tgj verhjty cf sne`js4 ijſtoji es "bhnrcsncphn" cr "benrcsncphn" fcr ncovjohjonj. H usj Qghocnjrcs usj Qghocnjrcs eoi eoi Lressgcppjr Lressgcppjr es es tgj beho systjb T1;R. Qghocnjrcs e`rjeiy e`rjeiy ges e trjj iete strunturj. strunturj. Ht ljojretjs tgj "benrcsncphn" "benrcsncphn" fcrb cf tgj phjnj ay p`enhol cosjts ushol e rhng verhjty cf eiveonji ljojrethvj tcc`s. Co eoctgjr shij, Mtc` shij, Mtc`,, e gcbjbeij Bex gcbjbeij Bex `harery `harery,, auh`i ojstji trjj rgytgbs co e "bhnrcsncphn" (sjn) cr "oeocsncphn" sne`j (sebp`js) T15R. Yghs Yghs hofiujo hofiujonjs njs actg syotgjsh syotgjshss eoi tgj struntur strunturjj cf tgj phjnj phjnj.. Ygcsj "bhnrcsncphn" jvjots erj tgjo gccdji tc tgj benrcsncphn cosjts auh`t ay Qghoc. E`` rjsu`thol jvjots erj `hodji tc e sjrhjs cf "erthnu`ethcos" `ethcos" et eoy `eyjr `eyjr cf tgj prcnjss. Ygjsj "erthnu`eth "erthnu`ethcos" cos" erj dhoi cf bu`thihbjoshcoe` `cw-frjqujony bu`thihbjoshcoe` `cw-frjqujony csnh``etcrs cr csnh``etcrs cr arjedpchot arjedpchot fuonthcos. fuonthcos. E prcfcuoi ijjp gend cf EtgjoeN@ hs EtgjoeN@ hs usji fcr tget. E`` tget sybac`hn sybac`hn iete hs tgjo epp`hji tc scuoi jolhojs eoi ctgjr systjbs fcr erreoljbjot eoi "hbprcvjbjot". N^cuoi sncrjs N^cuoi sncrjs erj ljojretji eoi bedj e vjry bhohbe`hsthn bushn ushol shbp`j wevjfcrbs eoi ochsjs. Ht hs tgj sebj whtg ^upjrNc``hijr ^upjrNc``hijr.. Ea`jtco @hvj rjeis bhih ſt`js ncotehohol octjs eoi ncotrc``jr ncotrc``jrs. s. Hts E[H hs e`sc usji tc ajttjr ncotrc`s ncotrc`s vhrtue` eoi rje` syotgjshzjrs. Ht hs tgjo pcssha`j tc ncbpcsj whtg e `jss bhohbe`hsthn eoi bcrj ncovjothcoe` epprceng. Ygj sncrj pert hs auh`t ushol [rcnjsshol fcr [rcnjsshol fcr e bhohbe`hsthn vhjw4 ht nccds vjrtcr nccds vjrtcr lrepghns. lrepghns. E bcrj nreftji vjrshco hs irewo ushol Qghocnjrcs ushol Qghocnjrcs,, Eutcijsd >isBex isBex eoi eoi vrey,, e vjry pcwjrfu` rey rey pcwjrfu` rey trenhol p`ulho trenhol p`ulho H docw prjtty wj``. Nscuoi, EtgjoeN@ eoi Qghoc ocw e`` usj [ytgco [ytgco T T 1>R. Yghs Yghs ges ajajncbj tgj beho `eoluelj `eoluelj fcr tghs wcrdficw wcrdficw.. Ygj ngchnj cf `eoluelj `eoluelj hs e`sc ijpjoijot frcb pjrjoohty eoi hotjr-scftwerj usj. H gevj ocw ajncbj vjry nerjfu` whtg prclrebbhol ajncbhol casc`jtj eftjr sjvjre` yjers. yjers. H usj Bex ajneusj ajneusj pert cf tghs wcrdfic wcrdficw w ncu`i aj usji fcr `hvj fcr `hvj pjrfcrbeonj tgru pjrfcrbeonj tgru Bexfcr@hvj ijvhnjs cr must petngjs. Ygj shtuethco cf e `hvj pjrfcrbeonj whtg tghs cffihoj systjb wh`` uoicuatji`y ncbj.
Fhlurj 1; = Lressgcppjr Lressgcppjr "ijf "ijfhohthco" (jxtjroe`) h wrctj tc jxpcrt tc pytgco (wrhttjo ho N#...)
Fhlurj 15 = Mtc` Mtc` swhol swhol jolhoj ushol Bex ushol Bex
Ygj wcrdficw ocw sjjbs tc wcrd prcpjr`y, ht hs bcrj tgeo thbj tc bedj scuois eoi ncostrehot tgj systjb jvjo bcrj ho crijr tc bedj ht e truj bushne` hostrubjot. E`rjeiy hotjrjsthol qujsthcos gevj rhsjo =
¼ Ygj ncbp`jx rj`ethco ajtwjjo tgj entue` scuoi eoi hts sncrj. Yghs hs eo eonjstre` eoi purj syojstgjshn syojstgjshn qujsthco. Gcw tc bedj scbjtghol scbjtghol vhsue``y rjeiea`j, hotjrjsthol eoi euiha`j eoi uoijrsteoihol et tgj sebj thbj. Ygj jesy eoi prjtty wey hs tc stey bhohbe`hsthn. H gevj tgj hotjothco tc usj sne`hol tc bedj ht rjeiea`j, bhohbe`hst eoi rhng eoi ncbp`jx et tgj sebj thbj. Ygj bcst cavhcus ihrjnthco hs tgj ncostrunthco cf spjntrclrebs. spjntrclrebs. Ygjy erj e vhsue` rjprjsjotethco cf tgj spjntrub cf frjqujonhjs frjqujonhjs ho e scuoi es tgjy very whtg thbj. Co`y > perebjtjrs erj vhsha`j vhsha`j co tgj sncrj. Yghs tjngohquj tjngohquj hs tgj bcst jfſtnhjot jfſtnhjot fcr tgj epprjgjoshco cf e phjnj ho wghng rgytgbhn strunturj hs hbpcrteot. Ctgjr
Fhlurj 11 = ljojretji gendji EtgjoeN@ fuonthcos. EtgjoeN@ fuonthcos.
Fhlurj 1> = [ytgco [ytgco hs hs ncotrc``hol tgj jothrj wcrdficw wcrdficw.
19
perebjtjrs tgeo phtng, thbj eoi ebp`htuij ncu`i aj usji4 perebjtjrs frcb e perebjtrhn ncbpcshthco ncu`i jesh`y aj sjjo > ay >. Ygj Ygj ojx ojxtt stjp wcu`i aj ſtoihol ctgjr weys tc eii eoi rjiunj (ay prcmjnthco) ihbjoshcos.
¼ Ho tgj nesj cf e shbp`j spjntrclreb, jvjots frcb Qghoc erj ho e spenj eoi oct cotc e thbj`hoj. thbj`hoj. \j gevj sjjo e thbj`hoj ncu`i oct gevj gevj ihsncothouht ncothouhthjs hjs eoi e sybac`hn sybac`hn spenj ncu`i gevj. gevj. Jvjots Jvjots neo aj p`enji p`enji eoywgjrj eoywgjrj whtg Qghoc... Yghs rhsjs e vjry ijjp qujsthco eacut gcrhzcote`hty eoi tgj ncothouhty cf bushne` thbj. Ht hs e`sc e gulj qujsthco eacut vjrthne`hty= gcw jvjots erj vjrthne``y ſttthol tcljtgjr. ¼ Eoctgj Eoctgjrr qujsth qujsthco co hs tgj wey wey sung sung phjnj phjnj ges tc aj pjrfcrbji pjrfcrbji.. Ygj fent e vhsue` sncrj neo scbjthbjs aj prcvhiji fcr rjeihol cpjos tgj pjrfcrbeonj pjrfcrbeonj tc e verhjty verhjty cf fcrbets sung es hoste``eth hoste``ethcos cos jtn. H gevj tgj whsg tc ncbpcsj ncbpcsj sjrhjs whtg twc vjrshcos vjrshcos jeng. E-shij E-shij wcu`i aj tgj "rhng" vjrshco ncbhol frcb @hvj. A-shij wcu`i aj tgj syongrcohzji sdj`jtco ncbhol frcb N^cuoi. Ygj euihjonj ncu`i tgjo ncbperj actg phjnjs phjnjs es fcr e ihptyng. ihptyng. Ncbjs tgjo tgj qujsthco qujsthco cf pjrfcrbeonj pjrfcrbeonj cf twc twc phjnjs phjnjs tc aj ncbperj ncbperji i ! Eleho Eleho gjrj, gjrj, ht hs hs bjihe ert ho tgj sjosj ht hs eacut tgj bjihub htsj`f, gcw e phjnj hs pjrfcrbji eoi hts scnhe` rjnjpthco.
Fhlurj 19 = Coj pc`ypgcohn queote ljojretji whtg [ytgco hoshij Nscuoi.
¼ Ygjrj erj twc vjrshcos= vjrshcos= coj "betrhx" "betrhx" wghng hs co`y tgj strunturj strunturj eoi eoctgjr coj. Ygj "betrhx" scuois `hdj typhne` ncbputjr typhne` ncbputjr bushn frcb bushn frcb tgj 58<;-587;‘s wgjo eneijbhn ncbputjr bushn wes oct yjt tedjo cvjr ay bhxji bushn ho hosthtuthco hosthtuthcos. s. [hjnjs [hjnjs (phtngji aesji...) aesji...) whtg fcrbe`hzji fcrbe`hzji strunturjs wjrj fesghcoea`j. H eb gjeihol tc tghs ihrjnthco whtg ocweieys‘ tjngoc`cly= bcst`y ne`nu`ethco pcwjr, syotgjshs tjngohqujs eoi spjedjrs que`hty. H ncu`i eii erthfents, e lreho e lreho frcb frcb tgj bjihub, sung es verhcus dhois cf aendlrcuoi ochsjs eoi sgcrt iyoebhns. Fhlurj 1: = Jxtjoiji pgy``ctexhs Jxtjoiji pgy``ctexhs sphr sphre` e` whtg whtg Lres Lressg sgcp cppj pjrr eoi eoi Qghoc. Qghoc. Yghs Yghs jxebp`j jxebp`j icjs icjs oct gevj eoy bhnrc-rgytgbs gccdji tc jvjots4 sc co`y coj sne`j (crijr coj).
Fhlurj 16= Cut-nc Cut-ncbho bhol l syotgj syotgj-shzji spjntrclreb spjntrclreb whtg shbp`j shoj-w shoj-wev evjs js frcb frcb N^cuoi N^cuoi (tgj (tgj auzz cpncij auzz cpncij hs entue``y usji).
1:
Fhlurj 1<= Ctgj Ctgjrr syotgj syotgjsh shzj zji i spjn spjntr trcl clre rebs bs.. Coj Coj whtg whtg co`y co`y coj coj phtn phtng g e`` e`` e`co e`col l tgj tgj phjn phjnjj aut beoy ngeoljs cf bjtrhn ho e bhnr bhnrcsn csncp cphn hn sne`j sne`j.. Eoct Eoctgj gjrr coj whtg e vhsha`j tjroery fcrb. Eleho twc ctgjrs whtg pgesjs. Ocoj gevj gevj eoy bhnrc-rg bhnrc-rgytgbs ytgbs gccdji tc jvjots jvjots yjt. Ygj ctgjr vjrshco, ncbhol frcb bhih ſt`js, eoi tgj E[H frcb @hvj, e``cw tgj ncotrc` cf e whij verhjty cf syotgjsjs `hdj vhrtue` aut e`sc ljer syotgjshzjr syotgjshzjrs. s. Ygcsj ljers ncu`i aj eo cpjohol tc tgj qujsthco cf rj`ethco whtg e `hvj ncotrc` eoi pjrfcrbeonj.
@hst cf Fhlurjs
8 ‘mtc`.aeng.gubeohzj‘ reoicbhzjs rgytgbhn trjjs co e lrhi 1 8 Bjtjr hoiunthco > Ygj iurethco iurethco cf e aer neo neo aj rjprjsjotji rjprjsjotji ay ay tgj nhrnubfjr nhrnubfjrjonj jonj cf 5; e nhrn`j fcr hosteonj 9 E ijjp ijjp zccb zccb hoshij hoshij by phjnj phjnj Desper Desper V (1;51) beij whtg ijnco55 strunt str unthv hvjj neu neusth sthns ns pet pettjro tjross ush ushol ol sup supjr jr ghl ghlg g rjs rjsc`u c`uthc thco o hbe hbeljry ljry : 51 Vjntcrhzji [jorcsj Yh`h Yh`hol ol 6 bu`th-sne`er eoi bu`th-crijr crleohzethco cf hofcrbethco. hofcrbethco. Ghiijo Ghiijo berdcv bcij`s erj bcij`s erj eo jxnjpthco ajneusj ht co`y uth`hzjs prcae ah`hthjs. Ho cur nesj, pettjro nj``s neo aj ljojretji ay eoytghol eoi erj rj`etji whtg ctgjrs whtg ru`js. ru`js. Bhoh Bhohbe` be` pettjros pettjros wgjo 5> zccbji et tgj vjry acttcb cf tgj sne`j erj queote(j). queote(j). < Ygj lrjy sjnthco sjnthco ncrrjspco ncrrjspcois is tc wget hs uoijrstcci uoijrstcci ay ay gubeos. gubeos. [gyshns arjeds icwo ajycoi tgj `hojs ajneusj tgj bcij` hs sth`` oct ennuretj. ennuretj. Ygjrj hs e susp suspjnt jnt ncbpereah`h ncbpereah`hty ty whtg tgj uoijrsteoihol steoi hol cf euih euihc c (ihf (ihffjrjo fjrjott frcb `hbhts `hbhts cf pjrnjpthco). pjrnjpthco). Ygj rjesco ncbjs frcb oeturj eoi tgj wey pjrnjpthco hs gerinciji ho 59 tgj gubeo areho. 7 By phjnj 7<88n (1;5>) hs oct beij whtg nj``u`er eutcbete aut ht hovc`vjs eo jvc`uthco cf pettjros ushol ncbputethco. ]ccbhol ho cr cut nrjetjs hotjrfjrjonjs (bchrè whtg phxj`s frcb tgj snrjjo). 59 Ijoshty cf icts nrjetjs lrjy `jvj`s whtg e zccb-cut. 8 Bjs 5: Bjsg g cfe bhohb bhohbe` e` surfe surfenj nj be beij ij wh whtg tg tg tgjj rghoc >i scftwerj. 5; Icts ho > i erj prcm prcmjntji jntji cotc e p`eo p`eoj, j, tgj vhjw vhjwjr jr.. Ygj bcrj pjrpjoihnu`er hs tgj pjrspjnthvj eol`j cf e`hloji icts, tgj n`csjr tgjy erj frcb jeng ctgjr. ctgjr. Ygjy jvjotue jvjotue``y ``y irew e ncothoucus ncothoucus `hoj. `hoj. E pert cf by phjnj Desper phjnj Desper H ( ( 1;5;) hs vc`uotery sgcwo gjrj ho e sbe`` 56 shzj. Aut ht hs vjntcrhzji vjntcrhzji eoi neo aj zccbji zccbji.. 55 shbp`j crtgclcoe` 56 crtgclcoe` rctethco cf lrepg 5
17
51
5> 59
5: 56
5<
57
58
1; 15 11 1> 19 1:
16
pereac`e eoi nuahn pereac`e nuahn nurvj ho e prcmjnthv prcmjnthvjj spenj. Ho tghs jxebp`j, jxebp`j, tgj hohthe` hohthe` spenj spenj ges hoſtohtj hoſtohtj jois. Ygj spgjrhne spgjrhne`` coj co wgh wghng ng nurvjs nurv js erj prcmj prcmjntji ntji hs e `hbh `hbhtji tji spenj. [jrbut [jrbutethco ethco hs ocrbe``y e ihsnrjjt ihsnrjjt prcnjss= prcnjss= fc`i fc`ihol hol ljojretjs ljojretjs ihsncothou ihsncothouhthjs hthjs.. E prcmjnprcmjnthco cotc e spgjrj neo retgjr aj sjjo es ncothoucus pjrbute5< thcos. shbp`j pjrbutethcos, sghfthols, sghfthols, cf coj ncosteot rgytgb rgytgb ho eo jhlgt jhlgt 5< ajet aer soepsgcts cf e rgytgbhn sncrj cf bhoj (1;55). Octj tgj ncbpcsji pcshthco cf sbe`` ae``s eoi tgjhr ijoshthjs. Ygj phjnj neo aj rjei cotc pepjr cr es e bcvhj. Octhnj tgj hbpcrteonj cf ijſtohthco eoi 57 sne`hol ho tghs phjnj. auaa`j auaa `j ngeba ngebajr4 jr4 j`jnt j`jntrhne rhne``y ``y ngerlji perthn`js perthn`js `je `jevj vj trenjs eftjr 57 nc``hshco. 7<88i e+a+n2e*a*n (1;59) trh trhpty ptyng ng phjnj phjnj co pvn. pvn. Ht hs aes aeshne hne`` ``y ye 1i betrhx cf reoicb sjts. Bhohbe`hsb hs co coj geoi et hts shbp`jst eoi bcst pcssha`j pcssha`j fietojss. Co eoctgjr geoi, bexhbe`hsb bexhbe`hsb hs et hts ajst4 tgj bcst honcbprjssh honcbprjssha`j a`j pet pettjro. tjro. Coj neo co`y ncbperj ajtwjjo tgj tgrjj neoves4 tgj bjihub eoi hts ncoſtlurethco 57 ajncbjs tgjo es hbpcrteot es tgj ncotjot htsj`f. Yghs phjnj hs aesji co e shol`j rjpjththvj rjpjththvj `ccp pettjro treos`etji ho e p`eoj ay eo eutcocbcus eo eutcocbcus bu`th-eljot systjb. systjb. Ht hs eleho eoctgjr eoctgjr bhohbe`h bhoh be`hsthn sthn phjnj ajneusj ajneusj co`y tgj petg hs rjei ay vhsh vhshtcrs. tcrs. Ht hs e`sc e "ncbp`jx" phjnj ajneusj cf hts beoy eoi sjjbhol`y reoicb 58 htjrethcos. Qetgjr c`i aut sth`` ajeuthfu` shbu`ethco shbu`ethco cf tgj Zohvjrsj Zohvjrsj frcb tgj 58 Bex-[`eond-Hosthtut för Estrcpgyshd ho Estrcpgyshd ho 1;;:. subberhzj cf gcw hofcrbethco subberhzj hofcrbethco sgcu`i aj crleo crleohzji hzji eoi pcssh a`y treosfcrbji enncrihol tc tgj vhshco ijsnrhaji ho tgj prjvhcus 11 perts cf tghs icnubjot. Lressgcppjr "ijſtohthco" (jxtjroe`) h wrctj tc jxpcrt tc pytgco 1> (wrhttjo ho N#...) 1> Mtc` swhol Mtc` swhol jolhoj ushol Bex ushol Bex 1> ljojretji gendji gendji EtgjoeN@ EtgjoeN@ fuonthcos. fuonthcos. 1> [ytgco hs [ytgco hs ncotrc``hol tgj jothrj wcrdficw. 19 Coj Coj pc` pc`ypg ypgcoh cohnn que queote ote ljo ljojre jretji tji wht whtg g [yt [ytgco gco hos hoshij hij Nsc Nscuoi uoi.. Jxtjoiji pgy``ctexhs Jxtjoiji pgy``ctexhs sphre` sphre` whtg Lressgcpp Lressgcppjr jr eoi Qghoc. Yghs jxebp`j icjs oct gevj eoy bhnrc-rgytgbs gccdji tc jvjots4 sc 19 co`y coj sne`j (crijr coj). Cut-ncbho Cutncbhol l syotg syotgjshzji jshzji spjnt spjntrclre rclreb b whtg shbp` shbp`jj shojshoj-we wevjs vjs frcb 19 N^cuoi (tgj auzz (tgj auzz cpncij cpncij hs entue``y usji).
18
1<
Ctgjr syotgjsh Ctgjr syotgjshzji zji spjntrc spjntrclre lrebs. bs. Coj whtg whtg co` co`y y coj phtng phtng e`` e`col tgj phjnj aut beoy ngeoljs cf bjtrhn ho e bhnrcsncphn sne`j. Eoctgjr Eoctg jr coj whtg e vhsh vhsha`j a`j tjroery fcrb. Eleh Eleho o twc ctgjrs whtg pgesjs. Ocoj gevj eoy bhnrc-rgytgbs gccdji tc jvjots yjt. Ygj ctgjr vjrshco, ncbhol frcb bhih ſt`js, eoi tgj E[H frcb @hvj, e``cw tgj ncotrc` cf e whij verhjty cf syotgjsjs `hdj vhrtue` aut e`sc ljer syotgjshzjr syotgjshzjrs. s. Ygcsj ljers ncu`i ncu`i aj eo cpjoh cpjohol ol tc tgj qujs1: thco cf rj`ethco whtg e `hvj ncotrc` eoi pjrfcrbeonj.
Aha`hclrepgy Jiceric Jiceric Encttc eoi Bcrjoc Eoirjette. Eoirjette. Ajtwjjo Ajtwjjo bhoi eoi betgjbethns. ihffjrjot dhois cf ncbputethcoe` rjprjsjotethcos cf bushn. 1;51. ^hlrhi ^hlrhi A`cnd [gh`hppj [gh`hppj Vjjojoiee` jjojoiee` Ihjijrhd Ihjijrhd \h``hebs h``hebs Ngrhs EirhEirhejossjos. ^gj`` strunturjs fcr ernghtjnturj. 1;59. Ner`cs Elco, Ljreri Esseyel, Mcsgue Fhojajrl, eoi Nebh`c Qujie. Deot= e nrhthquj cf purj queothſtnethco. 5889. Fcrtj E``jo. Ygj strunturj cf etcoe` bushn. 58<<. Qjlhoe`i Qjlhoe`i Aeho. E`lcrhtgb E`lcrhtgbhn hn ncbpcshthco ncbpcshthco queotub queotub bjngeohns bjngeohns & tgj bushne` icbeho. 58<;. @cuhs Ahlc. Qjprèsjotethcos sybac`hqujs bushne`js jt ne`nu` spethe`. 1;5>. ^hoeo Acdjscy eoi Mjeo Aepthstj Yghjaeut. Eo epprceng tc vhsue`hzethco cf ncbp`jx jvjot iete fcr ljojrethol scohn strunturjs. 1;;7. [hjrrj Acu`jz. Ies frungtfj`i. peu` d`jj. 5878. Oceb Ngcbsdy. ^yotenthn strunturj. 58:<. Qcajrt Ncleo. Hbelhol scohn strunturj. 5876. Ve`jothoe Nrcnh. Yjngohqujs eoi tjngoc`clhjs ho bcrpgcljojthn ijshlo. 1;5;. Qhngeri J Nytcwhn. ^yojstgjshe. 1;;1. @hoi @hoiee Ie`ry Ie`rybp bp`j `j Gjoi Gjoijr jrsco sco.. Ygj Ygj fcur fcurtg tg ihbj ihbjos oshc hco o eoi eoi ocoocojun`hijeo ljcbjtry ho bcijro ert. 587>. Qcajrt E`eo Icrleo. Icrleo. Bushn Bushn ho ernghtjnturj ernghtjnturj / ernghtjntu ernghtjnturj rj ho bushn. bushn. 588;. Freoìchs Wevhjr Fèrco, Mu`hjo Achsshoct, eoi Netgjrhoj Luestevhoc. Zppjr `hbhts cf euihtcry rctethcoe` bcthco pjrnjpthco. 1;;8.
>1
Mcgo Frezjr. Eo jvc`uthcoery ernghtjnturj. 588:. Mebjs Lhps. ^gepj lrebbers eoi tgjhr usjs. 58<:. Mcgo Lreysco. ^cuoi snu`pturj. 58<:. Gjrbeoo Gjrbeoo Gj`bgc`tz. Gj`bgc`tz. Co tgj sjosethcos sjosethcos cf tcoj es e pgyshc`clh pgyshc`clhne` ne` aeshs fcr tgj tgjcry cf bushn. 577:. HAB. E acy eoi ghs etcb, tgj wcr`i‘s sbe``jst bcvhj. 1;5>. Jsgj` Ajo Menca. Aentjrhe gerojsshol ncbp`jxhty. 1;5;. Bhngj` Mencas. Ygj ert ncbpcshthco. 5816. Bhde Duusdeoderj Duusdeoderj eoi Bhdej` Bhdej` @eursco. @eursco. Jxprjsshv Jxprjsshvjj octethco octethco pendpendelj. 1;;9. Ljcrljs @jljoirj. Ei - betgjbethns cf spenj. 1;55. @hoisey BenIcoe`i. Ygj `hbhts cf rjsc`uthco. 1;5;. [gh`hppj Beocury. @js lrebbehrjs bushne`js lèoèrethvjs. 1;51. Lujrhoc Bezzc`e. Ygj tcpcs cf bushn. 1;;1. Bettjc Bjojlghoh. ^trhe, ay mcgo ngcwohol. 1;;>. C`hvhjr Bjsshejo. Ygj tjngohquj cf by bushne` `eoluelj. 58:6. Ngrhstcf Bhlcoj. Vc`ubj cf ncoſtojbjot eoi hoſtohty. 1;;>. Ycoy Byett. [rcnjssjs eoi systjbs ho ncbputjr bushn4 frcb bjte tc bettjr. 1;55. ^tebet ^tebethe he Ojcfyt Ojcfytcucu-Ljc Ljcrlh rlhcu. cu. Ygj sjbhcthns sjbhcthns cf hbe hbeljs ljs ho rcbjc rcbjc nestj``unnh‘s tgjetrj. 1;5;. Lregeb Ojr`hng. Ygj sgepj cf spenj, sjncoi jihthco. 5818. Nerstjo Ohnc`eh. Eutc ph`ct. 1;;1. @eurjot Octte`j. Ygj tgjcry cf sne`j rj`ethvhty. 1;;8. Lh`ajrt Ocuoc. ^uhvh ij tjbpc epp`hquè eux bushqujs hbprcvhsèjs. 1;;7. Icul`e Icul`ess MJ Ouoo, Ouoo, E`eo E`eo [urvhs, [urvhs, eoi [jtjr [jtjr I Beooho Beoohol. l. Encus Encusthn thn queote. 5886. Des Ccstjrguhs. \get jxent`y hs ocosteoieri ernghtjnturj3 1;;8. [rzjbys`ew [rushodhjwhnz [rushodhjwhnz eoi Erhsthi @hoijobeyjr @hoijobeyjr.. Ygj e`lcrhtgbhn ajeuty cf p`eots. 588;.
>>
Mcgeoo Qefj`sdh eoi Ajroit Bð``jr. Bð``jr. Ygj strunturji venuub. 587:. [eu` Qhdjr. Ygj sjrhe`hsb cf bh`tco aeaahtt. 1;5;. Mjeo-N`euij Qhssjt. Qgytgbhn pereicxjs eoi h``ushcos. 588<. Nurths Qceis. Bhnrcscuoi. 1;;5. Aca ^gjh`. Ei - ghlg ijſtohthco. ijſtohthco. 1;59. Der` ^hbs. Jvc`vhol vhrtue` nrjeturjs. 5889. Bertho ^c`cbco. Ygj ert cf typclrepgy. 5876. Mu`hj ^tjj`j eoi Oceg @`hhosdy. @`hhosdy. Ajeuthfu` vhsue`hzethco. 1;5;. Ljcrlj Ljcrlj ^thoy eoi Mebjs Lhps. Lhps. ^gepj ^gepj lrebbers eoi tgj ljojrethv ljojrethvjj spjnhſtnethco cf pehothol eoi snu`pturj. 5868. Mebjs Yjoojy eoi @erry [c`eosdy. [c`eosdy. Yjbpcre` ljste`t pjrnjpthco ho bushn. 587;. Lcifrhji Lcifrhji Y Ycussehot. cussehot. Ncbputeth Ncbputethcoe` coe` ljcbjtry eoi bcrpgc`cly bcrpgc`cly.. 5876. Ibhtrh Yybcnzdc. E ljcbjtry cf bushn. 1;55. ^tjpgjo \c`freb. E ojw dhoi cf snhjonj. 1;;1. Heoohs Wjoedhs. Fcrbe`hzji bushn. 5881. Dcorei ]usj. Ne`nu`ethol spenj. 5868.
