Parasitology Summary

©2009 Mark Tuttle

PARASITES Protozoa Category Flagellated kinetoplastid

Protazoan Leshmani 

(Aastigote

Vector Sand $l"

Treatment Antion"%Ap&oteri!in '

Tse tse $l"

Surain%Melarsoprol

Rud*iik +ug

,one e$$e!ti*e  ni$ao)

Agua

Metronidazole

intra!ellularl"#

Trypanosoma brucei 

(Proastigote

e)tra!ellular#

Flagellated

 

Ae+i! (Psudopod# Sporozoa (Intra!ellular se)ual reprod#

Tr   ypanosoma cruzi  Giardia Trichomonas Entameba

(Aastigote intra!ellularl"#

Toxoplasma Plasmodium

Mus!le%.,S R'.s

Cryptosporidiu m

Entero!"te

Tapeors

Agua $ood

Sul$onaide%P"rut&aine .&loro/uin%Pria/uin $o $or e)o-er"t&riti! Re&"drate % Paro"!in

Teguent 1 no gut

Tapeworm Taenia saginata Taenia solium DiphyllobothriumlLatum Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid Cyst) Echinococcus multilocularis

Flukes

.at s&it%Meat  Anopheles   Anopheles o os/uito

Teg Teguen uentt 1 gut gut (no (no anus anus##

Host 'ee$ Tapeor Pork Tapeor Fis& Tapeor (1ater $lea 6 2 int &osts# 5ogs 7 S&eep

Infectious form ."st ,34 ."st A,5 Eggs (dead e ."st ,34

Eggs ,34 (dead end# 5ogs 7 Rodents

egg egg  otile lar*ae (ira!i!idia#



SNAIL

 !er!aria (eta!er!aria#

 adult

Fluke

etacercarium 8ater plants

asicola hepaticum (3i*er $luke# Paragonimus !estermani  .rusta!eans (3ug $luke# Sc"istosomas ,one 5ire!tl" ature to !er!ariae in ater: "chistosoma mansoni  (lateral spine# Mesenteri! *ein "chistosoma #aponcicum (,o spine# "chistosoma haematobium 'ladder *a *as!ulature (Terinal spine#

!gg release site 'ile Sputu R salloed sputu

 $e!es

nl" ;0< o$ eggs ake it +a!k $ro site to =I: t&ers die and !ause in$laator" !"sts (E): Suer>s !la" pipste $i+rosis in li*er# Portal &"pertension !or pulonale esop&ageal *ari!es Eggs in in ur urine (S (Soe in in $e $e!es#

©2009 Mark Tuttle

,eatodes

.uti!le 1 gut 1 anus

Treat it& I*ere!tin Al+endazole anti-in$laator"

drugs Intestinal ,eatodes? 5ire!t li$e !"!le Nemato#e Enterobius $Pinworm% Trichuris trichiura $&"ipworm%

Pat"op"ysiology - Migrate out o$ anus to la" eggs: Intense anal it!&ing  autoin$e!tion possi+le - Release eggs into $e!es: Feale li*es in !olon $or @-2 "ears: Releases ;000 eggs%da" - ig& intensit" in$e!tion (B ;00 eggs# o Aneia +lood" diarr&ea re!tal prolapsed T,F !a!&e)ia !lu++ed $ingers - Mesenteri! * 3i*er eart%lungsMolt'ron!&iolesepiglottis=I - Eosinop&ilia C Ig=C - Adult ors in intestine are rarel" a pro+le (an" !arriers are as"ptoati!#  unless t&e" +lo!k =I (0:00D< ortalit"# - A+errant igration !an !ause pro+les - Penetrate !olunar epit&eliu ature (0& D olts# - ; da"s? 3ar*ae released  to us!le  en!"st: To ot&er tissue dies Fast li$e !"!le - , Eggs passed in $e!es - First eek? nausea *oiting !rapus diarr&ea (,o eosinop&ilia "et# - Se!ond eek? Mus!le in*asion "o!arditis .,S in*asion  $its !oa et! (Eosinop&ilia# - T&ird eek? 3ar*ae +egin to en!"st - ea*" in$e!tions !an &a*e @0001 ors microcytic anemia  -  P!N!T'AT! S(IN eart%lungsMolt'ron!&iolesepiglottis=I (3ike  $scaris# -

Root+eer +arrel eggs  $scaris lumbricoides Egg

Trichinella spiralis Spiral lar*a

Hookworm $ncylostoma% &ecator  Sus&i egg "trongyloides '"a)#itiform lar*ae in feces++

Tissue neatodes?

-  P!N!T'AT! S(IN on!e r&a+diti$or lar*ae +e!oes $ilaria$or lar*ae (olts# - Siilar to &ookor +ut &as ,,-&uan reser*oir &osts eggs &at!& it&in intestine - .an get autoin$e!tion - String test

Indire!t li$e !"!le (art&ropod *e!tors#

Nemato#e 'uchereria bancroti $et al% rugi

Vector Mos/uitoes Mos/uitoes

*nchocerca +ol+ulus

'la!k $lies

Pat"op"ysiology - 3"p&ati! $ilariasis (Elep&antiasis# - 3"p&ati! $ilariasis (Elep&antiasis# -  Contains en#osym)iont 'olbachia  Anti+ioti!s !ure t&is disease - Mi!ro$ilariae in skin and e"es !ause ain disease - 3i*e @-2 "ears and die in skin or e"es !ausing in$laation - 5oes ,T !ause dire!t in$e!tion o$ e"e 5ear du!ts dr" up  2ndar" n$e!tion: