A PPROJECT R R EPORT EPORT ON:
“PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL OF DELEGATED LEGISLATION WITH REFERENCE TO CONSULTATION OF AFFECTED INTERESTS ”
SUBMITTED TO: DR . K AUMUDHI CHALLA AUMUDHI C (FACULTY FOR A LAW) ADMINISTRATIVE L
SUBMITTED BY: BHARAT R R AJ AJ
R OLL OLL NO.-51 VITH S SEMESTER
DATE O OF S SUBMISSION :
15TH F FEBRUARY, !1" !1"
HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY RAIPUR, CHHATTISGARH
1
CONTE CON TENT NTS S
S.NO
TOPIC PAGE NO AGE NO.
1.
I I NTRODUCTION NTRODUCTION
II R ESEARCH ESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1- #
-PROBLEM
#
-R ATIONALE ATIONALE
#
-OBJECTIVES
#
-R EVIEW EVIEW OF LITERATURE
#
-NATURE OF THE STUDY
$
-LIMITATIONS
$
-CONTRIBUTION
$
.
DIRECT GENERAL CONTROL
5-"
#.
DIRECT SPECIAL CO NTROL
"-%
$.
I NDIRECT CONTROL
%-1!
5.
CONSULTATION OF AFFECTED INTERESTS BEFORE PASSING OF DELEGATED LEGISLATION 1!-1
"
SUGGESTION TO IMPROVE PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL OVER DELEGATED LEGISLATION
2
1-15 &.
CONCLUSION
1"
%.
BIBLIOGRPAHY
1&
Declaration
I '*+ / 0'/0 0' 230 42 6070 8 Parliamentary Control of Delegated Legislation with reference to consultation of affected interests” 9*;700 02 HNLU, R/7, 79 /6 27<76/ 42, 4'7' '/9 *6 26 *+ ; 6 0' /* <7/6 2= D. >2;'7 C'//, F/0+ M;*, HNLU, R/7.
Bharat Ra R!"" N!. #$ SEM%VI
3
A&'(!)"*+*-*(t
A0 0' ?+ *<76676<, I 42 7 02 0'/6 / 0'29 4'2 4 0' @<776< 7<'09 *'76 0'79 230. F790 2= / I 42 7 02 0/ 0'79 220670+ 470' 90; 7?7< 02 99 ;+ '/0=0 0'/69 /6 </070 02 ;+ 29 0/' D. >/;'7 C'//, (F/0+ =2 A;76790/07? L/4, H.N.L.U.) =2 '/?76< =/70' 76 ; 76 /4/76< ; 0'79 ?+ 97<67=7/60 230 027. H 26979060 9?79726, 26 90/60 7697/0726 /6 76?//* <7/6 '/? *6 2= 7;;69 ' 76 /+76< 20 0' 230 42 470' 999. N0, I 42 7 02 0'/6 ;+ 2/<9 =2 ;/760/7676< /6 //;7 /0;29' 4'7' ' 76 /0726 2= 64 7/9 /6 769 2= 0'2<'0 =2 0' *00;60 2= 0'79 230. S*960+ I 42 7 02 0'/6 ;+ 67?970+ =2 2?776< 9' /6 67' L7*/+, 0' 2;0 /*, 76060 =/770+ 470'20 4'7' 0'79 230 42 '/? *6 76 / 790/60 /;. I 06 ;+ '/0=0 0'/69 02 ;+ =/;7+ /6 =769 =2 0'7 ;2/ 920 /6 62/<;60. I /92 0/ 0'79 220670+ 02 0'/6 / 0'29 2 4'2 2607*0 76 0'7 246 9;/ 4/+9 =2 0' 2;0726 2= 0'79 230.
4
TABLE O CASES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Atlas Cycle Industries v State of Haryana 1& AIR 11$. Dattatraya Moreshwar v. State of om!ay 15 AIR 1%1. Hindustan "inc Ltd. #. A.P. S$ 11 AIR 1$. %an Mohammad v State of &u'arat 1"" AIR #%5. Lohia Machines v (nion of India 1%5 AIR $&. )arendra *umar v (nion of India 1"! AIR $#!. +a,a uland Sugar v. Munici-al oard +am-ur 1"5 AIR %5. State of Mysore v. #.*. *angan 1&5 AIR 1!.
5
Cha/t*r I
I(tr!+0&t1!(
D0 L<79/0726 ;/69 0' 79 2= <79/07? 24 *+ /6 /<6+ 4'7' 79 9*276/0 02 0' <79/0. D0 <79/0726 79, = 02 /9 8A67/+, 8S*276/0, A;76790/07? L<79/0726 2 /9 /97-L<79/0726. D0 <79/0726 79 / 0'67 02 7? 99 26 <79/09 07; 92 0'/0 70 /6 2660/0 26 7679 /6 =2;/0726 2= 2779. A 90/00 ;/+ * 76/0, 762;0 /6 ;/+ ?6 * ;79/76< 699 70 79 / 470' 0' 0 <79/0726 ;/ 0' 6. T' <79/0 9'/9 0' <79/07? 24 470' 0' E07? /6 20' /;76790/07? 269 2= 0' 90/0. D0 <79/0726 79 <6/+ 99 /9 90/002+ 9 /6 29, *0 997269 7 </07269, 6207=7/07269, *+-/49, 9';9, 707269 0. / /92 ;2+ 76 0' 9/; 2600.1 D0 <79/0726 79 2=06 97* /9 0'/0 4'7' 29 =2; /6+ /0'270+ 20' 0'/6 0' 92?7<6 24 /6 79, 0'=2, 660 =2 709 26076 7906 /6 ?/770+ 26 92; 972 2 9; /0'270+. T'79 66 /6 2=06 0/ 0' =2; 2= '9 /6 26029, 6/;+, /7/;60/+ 2 <79/07? 2602 2/ 2602 /6 377/ 2602. D0 <79/0726 79 2=06 7077 /9 /6 9 =2 0' <79/029, / 9'7 =2 0' /;76790/029 /6 / 2?2/0726 =2 0' C2690700726/ 7909. H24?, 0' ?+ ;'/679; 2= 0 <79/0726 /6620 /6 9'2 620 * 02 /6 ?7 */9 70 79 /0 0' 6 2= 0' /+ / 69970+. I6 0' ;26 42 4' 927/, 262;7, 0'622<7/, /6 /;76790/07? 9 209079 0' /7 0/70726/ <79/07? 2999, 0 <79/0726 79 /6 99607/ ;/69 2= 9?7?/. T'9, 976 70 79 0' <79/0 4'7' 09 24, 70 79 7;/7+ =2 70 02 9?79 /6 2602 0' 79 2= 0'79 24, /6 69 /7690 709 2*30726/*, /*97? 64//60 9. 1 P/;76/ /6 R/6370 S76<', I606/0726/ J26/ 2= P2707/ S76, L/4 /6 I606/0726/
R/07269, V2. 5, I99 5, D !15, D0726 2= L<79/07? P249 02 E07?, .1. 6
T' ?/729 =2;9 2= /7/;60/+ 2602 2? 0 <79/0726 /0 *20' ?9, =790 /0 0' 07; 2= /9976< 0' 6/*76< /0 /6 0' 926 /0 0' 4'6 0' <79/0 907679 0' 0 <79/0726 '/? *6 /0 470' 76 0'79 230. I6 I67/ /7/;60/+ 2602 2= /;76790/07? -;/76< 79 7;770 /9 / 62;/ 2690700726/ =60726 */9 0' 07? 79 92697* 02 0' P/7/;60. T' / 0' 0+9 2= 2602 79 0'/0 79 70 <6/ 2602, 70 97/ 2602 /6 7670 2602, 0'+ '/? *6 /76 76 0/7 76 0' =22476< '/09. T' 6+76< 2*30 2= /7/;60/+ 2602 79 02 4/0' 2? 0' -;/76< /0'27079 /6 /92 02 2?7 /6 220670+ 02 7077 0'; 7= 0' 79 /*9 2= 24 26 0'7 /0. P/7/;60 '/9 2602 76 0'/0 0' 6/*76< 2 /60 A0 /99 *+ P/7/;60 909 20 0' =/;42 2 //;09 470'76 4'7' 0 <79/0726 79 ;/. I6 I67/, 0' 90726 2= 2602
26
-;/76<
24
6<
0'
/0060726
2=
0'
P/7/;60.
E?+ 0 79 9*30 02 0' /0'270+ /6 2602 2= 0' 767/ /6 0' 79 2= 0 24 /6 /4/+9 * 70, 20 2 /6 *+ 0' 767/. H6 /7/;60/+ 2602 2? 0 <79/0726 9'2 * / 7?76< 2607670+ /9 / 2690700726/ ;+. T' =/0 79 0'/0 02 0' *2/ 0726 2= <79/07? 249 /6 0' <6/79 90/6/ 2= 2602 /92 *76< *2/, 377/ 2602 '/9 9'6, /7976< 0' 97/*770+ /6 0' 69970+ 2= /7/;60/+ 2602.
2 Y?/3 >'/, L E99 A6 I606/0726/ J26/ O= L/4, V2.I, I99-I N2?;* !1$,
D0 L<79/0726 76 =/?2 2= L2/ A0'270+, . -#. 7
R*2*ar&h M*th!+!"!3 Pr!4"*-
T' ;/32 799 0'/0 47 * /0 470' 76 0' 230 79 76 /0726 02 0' 4/ 2602 2= P/7/;60 2? D0 L<79/0726 76 I67/, 4'7 /9976< 0'79 799, ;/99 47 * 2;;6 02 7;2? 0' 60 970/0726. Rat1!(a"*
T' 6+76< 767 *'76 0' 0726 2= 0'79 230 79 02 /6/+ '24 0' P/7/;60 799 2602 2? D0 L<79/0726, '24 0' 9/; 299 2/09 76 20' 6/07269 4'7 76< 76 ?74 0'/0 0' 760909 2= /==0 /079 / /92 0/6 7602 /260 4'7 7976< 9' 2602. O4*&t15*2
1) T2 / 470' 0' 299 0'2<' 4'7' 0' P/7/;60 26029 D0 L<79/0726. ) T2 /;76 0' 22'29 76 0' 299 /6 9<<90 ;/99 02 ;+ 0' 9/;. #) T2 /92 /6/+ '24 0' 760909 2= /==0 /079 / 0/6 7602 /260 4'7 9 /6 </07269 / =/; *+ /;76790/07? /0'27079. R*51*) !6 L1t*rat0r*
1. I.P. M/99+, A;76790/07? L/4, E/906 B22 C2;/6+, E7<'0' E70726 0'79 *22 2? 02 * ;290 '= 024/9 2;0726 2= 0'79 230. D0 L<79/0726 '/9 *6 /0 470' 76 0/7 76 0' *22, 4'7' 620 26+ 2?7 624< 97=7 02 0' 027 2= 0' 230, *0 /92 /0 /6 /67/+ 76=2;/0726 4'7' ' 76 <0076< / *00 690/676< 2= 0' 027. . C.>. T'/, A;76790/07? L/4 (E/906 B22 C2;/6+ 1) / ?+ 2;'697? *22, 2;7976< 2? "!! /<9, 0' *22 /0 + ?6 470' ;762 8
/909 2= 0' 027 /6 97/+ 0' 9?/ S; C20 3<;609 ;60726 76 0' *22 4 0;+ '= 76 7676< / ;' ;2 0'22<' 690/676< 2= 0' 027. Nat0r* !6 th* St0+3
T'2<'20 0' 230, 2076/ 9/' /2/' '/9 *6 /20. A6 /00;0 '/9 *6 ;/ 02 /6/+ 20769, =/;429 /6 /9 /49 76 / 2<7/, 9+90;/07 /6 97607=7 4/+. A92, /99790/6 '/9 *6 0/6 2= 9?/ *229, /079, /99, 0 /9 <7 *+ 0' =/0+ 2= A;76790/07? L/4 024/9 0' 2;0726 2= 0'79 230 42. L1-1tat1!(2
U6 0' /;*70 2= A;76790/07? L/4, D0 L<79/0726 79 / 47 027 2?76< 9?/ 20769 /6 0;9 470'76 70. B0, 76 2 02 /7? /0 / 97=7 690/676< 76 /0726 02 0'79 230, 26+ 0' P/7/;60/+ 2602 /90 2= D0 L<79/0726 '/9 *6 /0 470'. T' 230 79 0'*+ 7;70 26+ 02 26 /0<2+ 2= 2602, 4'7 7<6276< 0' 20' /0<279 76 2 02 /7? /0 / 97=7 269726. C!(tr140t1!(
T'79 230 42 2?9 '24 0' P/7/;60 799 2602 2? D0 L<79/0726. I09 ;/32 2607*0726 02 A;76790/07? L/4 79 0'2<' 0' 9<<907269 4'7' '/? *6 9<<90 02 7;2? 0' P/7/;60/+ 2602 2? D0 L<79/0726 76 I67/. F2 0'79, P/7/;60/+ 2602 2? D0 L<79/0726 '/9 *6 /6/+ 76 0/7.
9
Cha/t*r II D1r*&t G*(*ra" C!(tr!" T' =790 =2; 2= /7/;60/+ 2602 79 79 /0 0' 07; 2= /9976< 0' 6/*76< /0. T'79 79 0' 276<9 76 0' P/7/;60 4'7' / 76 0' 6/0 2= <6/ /6 70 2602. I6 I67/, ?/729 ;0'29 /6 ;'/679;9 / 9 9' /9 */09 26 0' 076< *7 4'7' 76 /909 9' /9 0' 69970+, 060, 0+ 2= 0726 /6 0' /0'270+ 02 4'2; 24 79 0. F0', /6+ ;;* ;/+ /9 907269 26 /6+ /90 2= 0726 2= <79/07? 249 /6 7= 799/079=7 /6 <7? 6207 =2 7999726 6 R 5 2= 0' P2 /6 C260 2= B97699 76 L2 S/*'/ R9. B<0 09 76< / ?20 2= </60 /6 79997269 26 0726 0'2<' / 7?/0 ;;*9 B7 976< ;27=7/07269 76 0' /60 /0 2 0'2<' / */0 /0 0' 07; 2= 7999726 26 0' /99 *+ 0' P9760 02 0' 32760 999726 2= P/7/;60 / /92 9=. H24?, 76 I67/ /9 76 0' U.>. 0'9 ;0'29 / /+ 9. T'79 79 + */9 2= / 2= 26?60726 2 /07. S'2/9 '24? *7? 0'/0 0'79 ;0'2 9'2 * 9 0697?+ /6 ==07?+ 92 /9 02 67 0' ?79 2= 0726 76 0' *. Th* a4!5* /!1(t2 -a3 4* 20--ar17*+ a2 6!""!)2
(/) T'2<' 0' */0 26 0' /0 4'7' 260/769 0726. M;*9 ;/+ 7999 /6+0'76< /*20 0726 7676< 69970+, 060, 0+ 2= 0726 /6 0' /0'270+ 02 4'2; 24 79 0. (*) T'2<' 907269 /6 62079. A6+ ;;* /6 /9 907269 26 /6+ /90 2= 0726 2= <79/07? 249 /6 7= 799/079=7 /6 <7? 6207 =2 7999726 6 R 5 2= 0' P2 /6 C260 2= B97699 76 L2 S/*'/ R9.
10
() T'2<' ;2?76< 9207269 /6 62079 76 0' '29. A6+ ;;* ;/+ ;2? / 920726 26 ;20726, 7= 0' ;/00 76< 0726 2= 24 79 <60 /6 7;;7/0, /6 + 2= 0' <2?6;60 79 69/079=/02+. () T'2<' ?20 26 </60 . W'6? 0' *<0 ;/69 2= / ;76790+ / 960, /6+ M;* ;/+ 229 / 0 /6 0'*+ *76< 0' 79 2= -;/76< 24 *+ 0'/0 ;76790+ 6 7999726. () T'2<' / 7?/0 M;*9 B7 976< ;27=7/07269 76 0' /60 A0, 2 0'2<' / */0 /0 0' 07; 2= 7999726 26 0' /99 *+ 0' 9760 02 0' 32760 999726 2= P/7/;60, M;*9 ;/+ 7999 0726. H24?, 0'9 ;0'29 / /+ 9.#
Cha/t*r III D1r*&t S/*&1a" C!(tr!" C266 =2 2/ 2602 2= 76/976<+ 0697? /;76790/07? /07?7079 '/9 *2<'0 =20' ?/729 229/9 *+ 4'7' 26<99726/ 9?79726 /6 * ;/760/76. P2;7660 /;26< 0'9 ;79 79 0' ?7 2= 8/+76< 26 0' 0/*, 4'7' 79 0'/0 /;76790/07? 8<79/0726 ;/ 6 0 /0'270+ * 960 02 0' <79/0 =2 /2?/. 8L/+76< ;/+ 0/ ?/729 =2;9 9' /9 /+76< 470' 62 =0' 70726 4'76 0' 29 79 02 97;+ 76=2; 0' H29. L/+76< 9*30 02 607? 920726 7;79 0' 2;76< 7602 =2 2= 0' 9 470' 0' 0726 0'/0 70 9'/ /9 02 '/? ==0 7= 0' H29 /669 70. A620' =2; 79 /+76< 9*30 02 /==7;/07? 920726 4' 0' 9 6 /2?/ =2 2;76< 7602 ==0 2 9 0'+ /9 02 * 76 2/0726 607 9' 920726. T' 299 2= /+76< 76 /=0 9*30 02 607? 920726 ;/69 0'/0 470'76 $! /+9 2= /+76<, 0' 9 47 2; 7602 =2 699 79/2? /6 /+76< 76 /=0 9*30 02 /6 /==7;/07? 920726 79 2 470' 0' 24 2= ;27=7/0726 /6 0'6 /2?/.
3 I.P. M/99+, Administrative Law, E/906 B22 C2;/6+, E7<'0' E70726, . 115.
11
H24?, 76 I67/, 0' 7'202;+ ;/769 /9 0' 209 3< 7= 0'+ / ;/6/02+ 2 702+ /6 0'6 2 02 3< 0' 26969. A /= /6/+979 2= =4 /99 47 9'24 0' 26=9726 76'60.$ I6 0' /9 2= )arendra *umar v (nion of India/, S0726 #(") 2= 0' E99607/ C2;;27079 A0, 155 4'7' /9 /9, 8E?+ 2 ;/ 6 0'79 90726 *+ 0' C60/ G2?6;60 2 *+ /6+ 2==7 2 /0'270+ 2= 0' C60/ G2?6;60 9'/ * /7 *=2 *20' H299 2= P/7/;60, /9 9226 /9 ;/+ *, /=0 70 79 ;/ 4/9 / ;/6/02+ 7;/7+ */9 2= 0' 429 89'/ * /7. H24?, 0'79 76< 4/9 620 =224 /9 9' 76 0' /9 2= %an Mohammad v State of &u'arat 0 . I6 0'79 /9, S0726 "(5) 2= 0' B2;*/+ A<70/ P2 M/09 A0, 1# 97* / 97;7/ /+76< 2. T' 9 4 =/; 76 1$1 '24? 4 620 /7 *=2 0' <79/0 76 709 =790 999726 7076< W2 W/ II /9 / /4= ;<6+. T'/=0, 0' 9 4 /7 *=2 0' H299 2= P/7/;60 76 709 926 999726. T' C20 7 620 90/6 *+ 709 ?729 7600/0726 /6 76 =/0 ' 0'/0 0' A0 7 620 97* 0'/0 0' 9 /7 ?/770+ 26+ =2; 0' /0 26 4'7' 0'+ 4 / *=2 0' H299 2= L<79/0. T'9 /+76< 4/9 620 ;/6/02+. F0', 976 0' A0 7 620 /0<27/+ 9/+ 0'/0 7= 0' 9 4 620 / 76 0' ?+ =790 999726 709=, 0'+ 42 * 76?/7, 76=76< 0' 9/; 79 620 7. E?6 /99;76< 0'/0 0' /*2? 4/9 620 /+ / ?7/0726 /9 70 4/9 02 0/76 97/ 7;90/69, 0' 76< 76 A0/9 C+ I69079 ? S0/0 2= H/+/6/ & 4/9 /+ / ?+ 2*0=.
4 '00:KK444./40/'.60K=-/4-99/+9K2690700726/-/4K/7/;60/+-2602-2=-/;76790/07?-
-;/76<-2690700726/-/4-99/+.' (?7970 26 110' F*/+, !1"). 5 1"! AIR $#!.
6 1"" AIR #%5.
7 1& AIR 11$.
12
I6 A0/9 C+ I69079 /9, 0' 9/; 2?79726 2= 0' E99607/ C2;;27079 A0, 155 4/9 6 2697/0726 /9 76 0' N/6/ >;/ /9. T' C20 ? / 97976<+ 7==60 ?70 4'6 70 =0 0' 022 2= 70/+ 7600/0726 02 /+ 246 7==60 90/6/9 76 /9 2= 0 <79/07269. I0 ' 0'/0, 8T42 2697/07269 =2 76< / 2?79726 702+ / (7) A*96 2= /6+ 2?79726 =2 0' 26076<6+ 2= / /07/ 2?79726 620 *6 2;7 470' /6 (77) S729 <6/ 7626?676 /6 37 02 0' <6/ *7, 7= 9 / / 76?/7. O6 /+76< 0'9 042 7679 02 0' =/09 76 '/6, 70 ' 0'/0 S0726 #(") 29 620 907/0 607? 2 /==7;/07? 920726 *+ 70' H299. I0 79 620 9*30 02 0' /2?/ 2 79/2?/ 2= P/7/;60. F0', 0' 90726 29 620 907/0 /6+ 72 2= 07; 2 / 6/0+ =2 626-2*9?/6. H6, 97; 9 2= 0' 429 8;90 2 89'/ 2 620 0;76 0' 6/0 2= 0' /+76< 2?797269. I0 79 0'=2 96 0'/0 / 2= / 67=2; /6 <6/ /4 '/9 / 02 ?+ /;*7<29 7600/07269 4'7' 2 620 <7? /6+ / 70726 /9 02 0' 2970726 2= /4.% I6 A;7/, ?6 0'2<' 0' 260 2= 9070 9//0726 2= 249 ;/9 /7/;60/+ 2602 /0' 76?797*, R2679/0726 A09 2= 1# /6 1$5 2?7 0'/0 0' P97607/ 267/0726/ /69 4 620 02 '/? /6+ ==0 =2 / 97=7 72 76< 4'7' 0'+ 2 * /66 *+ /6+ C26<99 0'2<' / 2660 920726 2= *20' 0' H299. I6 97 90/09, 6/;+, C266070, >/69/9, M7'76, N*/9/, V7<767/ /6 W7926976, 2?797269 790 =2 /+76< 0' 9 *=2 0' <79/07? '299. I6 E6</6, 26 0' 20' '/6, 0'79 7;60 2= /+76< 79 9 ==07?+ /6 0697?+. T' S0/002+ I690;609 A0, 1$" /+ /+9 246 67=2; 2?797269 9' /9 =76< 0' <79/0726 607 /2?/ 2= H29 2;76< 7602 ==0 2= <79/0726 9*30 02 79/2?/ *+ H29 9676< 6207=7/0726 02 L2 C'/62 /6 S/ 2= H29 2= C2;;269 76/9 9' 2?797269 /6620 * ;/760/76. I0 79 /92 7;20/60 02 /9999 0' 26969 2= 626-2;7/6 470' /+76< 2?797269. I6 E6</6 S0726 $() 2= 0' S0/002+ I690;609 A0, 1$" ;/9 /+76< 2?797269 ;/6/02+ /6 '6, /6+ ?72/0726 42 / 02 670+ 2= 0' <79/0726 2 676< 0' ?27.
8 S/ N20 $.
13
Cha/t*r IV I(+1r*&t C!(tr!" T'79 =2; 2= 2602 79 79 *+ 0' P/7/;60 0'2<' 709 C2;;7009. I6 15!, 0' 0'6 L/4 M76790 ;/ / 9<<90726 =2 0' 90/*79';60 2= / 2;;700 2= 0' H29 2= 0' /006 2= 0' S0 C2;;700 26 S0/002+ I690;609, 1$$ 02 /;76 0 <79/0726 /6 *76< 02 0' 6207 2= 0' H29 4'0' /;76790/07? ;/76< '/9 0' 76060726 2= P/7/;60 2 '/9 /0 =2; 70 2 '/9 /==0 /6+ =6/;60/ 62; 2 767. S' / 2;;700 6246 /9 0' C2;;700 26 S*276/0 L<79/0726 2= L2 S/*'/ 4/9 /2760 26 190 D;*, 15#. T'79 2;;700 2;79 15 ;;*9 62;76/0 *+ 0' S/ =2 26 +/. T' C'/7;/6 79 /2760 *+ 0' S/ =2; /;26<90 709 ;;*9. A 97;7/ C2;;700 4/9 90/*79' 76 0' R/3+/ S/*'/ 76 1"$. I6 E6</6, 70 79 / /0' '/0'+ 0/70726 02 /2760 0' L/ 2= O2970726 /9 C'/7;/6. T' C2;;700 '/9 0' 24 02 /2760 9*-2;;7009 /6 ;/+ = /6+ ;/00 =2 709 2697/0726. A276< 02 R # 2= 0' L2 S/*'/ R9 2= P2, 0' ;/76 =607269 2= 0' C2;;700 9'/ * 02 /;76 0' =22476<: (7) (77)
W'0' 0' 9 / 76 /2/6 470' 0' <6/ 2*30 2= 0' A0, W'0' 0' 9 260/76 /6+ ;/00 4'7' 2 ;2 2+ * /0 470' 76 0'
(777) (7?) (?)
A0, W'0' 70 79 02907?, W'0' 70 70+ 2 7670+ */9 0' 37970726 2= 0' 20, /6 907269 /7. W'0', =2 /6+ /926, 70 79 =0' 7/0726.
T' C2;;700 '/9 *046 15# /6 1"1, 90767 /*20 5#!! 29 /6 9 '/9 9*;700 1 209. T'79 C2;;700 '/9 /92 9<<90 ?/729 ;/69 *+ 4'7' 0' 299 2= 0 <79/0726 76 I67/ /6 * *00 267 /6 ==07?. I0 90/09 0'/0 / 6/*76< A09 ;90 ;/6/0 /+76< 76 / /6</< 4'7' 79 97;, / /6 2679. A;*7<70+ 2 6699/+ 47699 9'2 * 9 S/ N20 #.
14
/?27. A6+ =76/67/ ?+ 2 0/ 9'2 620 * 7;29 *+ 9 /9 70 260/769 0' /060 0'/0 2= =76/67/ /*9 /6 20726 *+ 0' /0'27079. A ?+ 2'60 27+ 9'2 * /7 246 *+ 0' L<79/0 92 0'/0 0' E07? /6 =/; 9 26+ 470'76 0'29 //;09. E?6 0'6, 0' 24 2= 0' P/7/;60 02 ;27=+ /6 0' 209 24 2= 377/ ?74 9'2 620 * 0/7 76 /6+ ;/66. F0', 76276/0 /+ ;90 620 * 9 /6 9 0';9?9 9'2 * 9=-/6/02+ 92 /9 02 /?27 6699/+ 26=97269 76< 29 /6 76060726. T' 79 /92 / 97;7/ C2;;700 2= 0' R/3+/ S/*'/ 4'7' 4/9 2690700 76 1"$. I0 79'/<9 =607269 97;7/ 02 0' L2 S/*'/ C2;;700. T' C2;;700 26 S*276/0 L<79/0726 '/9 ;/ 0' =22476< 2;;6/0726 76 2 02 90/;76 0' 299 2= 0 <79/0726 76 I67/ . (7) (77) (777) (7?)
P24 2= 377/ ?74 9'2 620 * 0/6 /4/+ 2 0/7 *+ 9. A =76/67/ ?+ 2 0/ 9'2 620 * 7;29 *+ 9. L/6</< 2= 0' 9 9'2 * 97; /6 / /6 620 2;7/0 2 /;*7<29. L<79/07? 27+ ;90 * =2;/0 *+ 0' <79/0 /6 /7 246 76 0' 90/00 /6 24 02 9+ 0/79 ;/+ * =0 02 0' 07?, /6 /6 * 42 20
(?)
0'2<' 0' 9 ;/ *+ 0' /;76790/0726. S*-0726 76 ?+ 47 /6</< 79 7;2 /6 92; 9/=</9 ;90 * 2?7 *=2 / 0 79 /24 02 9*-0 '79 /0'270+ 02 /620'
(?7) (?77) (?777) (7) ()
=60726/+. D797;76/02+ 9 9'2 620 * =/; *+ 0' /;76790/0726. R9 9'2 620 0/? *+26 0' -;/76< 24 26= *+ 0' /60 A0. T' 9'2 620 * 76276/0 /+ 76 ;/76< 2= 9 *+ 0' /;76790/0726. T' =76/ /0'270+ 2= 7600/0726 2= 9 9'2 620 * 470' 0' /;76790/0726. S==7760 *770+ ;90 * <7?6 02 0' 90/002+ 9 /6 29.1!
T' 4276< 2= 0' C2;;700 79 26 0' 4'2 9/079=/02+ /6 70 '/9 2? 02 * / =/7+ ==07? *2+ 76 2+ /;7676< /6 ==07?+ 7;2?76< 26 0 <79/0726 76 I67/. S7 C7 C/ /0+ ;/9: 8I0 79 ?760+ / ?7<229 /6 76660 *2+.11
Cha/t*r V 10 C.>. T'/, Administrative Law E/906 B22 C2;/6+ 1, .15$-155.
11 S/ N20 #.
15
C!(20"tat1!( !6 a66*&t*+ I(t*r*2t2 4*6!r* /a221( D*"*at*+ L*12"at1!( P/7/;60/+ 2602 2? /;76790/07? -;/76< 79 /;700+ 4/ */9 <79/029 / 92;07;9 766260 2= 979. A 2690/60 9/' 79 0'9 26 =2 /6 /06/07? ;'/679; 4'7', *979 2?776< ==07? ?7<7 2? /;76790/07? -;/76<, /6 <//60 ==07? 2 /077/0726 =2 *00 927/ 2;;67/0726, /0/6 /6 ==07?70+ 2= 0' 9. P2/ 2602 ;'/679; '/9 0' 20607/ 02 ;0 0' /*2?;60726 7;609 =2 /2476< 97=7 /70 7= 9 *+ 0'29 =2 4'29 269;0726 0'+ / ;/. O6 2= 0' ;/32 2;26609 0'2<' 4'7' 2/ 2602 ;'/679; 2/09 79 0'2<' 2690/0726 470' /==0 760909. T'79 2602 ;'/679; ;/9 /;76790/07? -;/76< / ;2/07 299 /6, 0'=2, 76/99 709 /0/*770+ /6 ==07?70+. I6 I67/ 0' 79 62 7906 2= /6+ 97=7 <6/ /4 4'7' 2?79 =2 /;76790/07? /0'27079 02 2690 470' /==0 9269 *=2 9 /6 </07269 / =/; *+ 0';. B/9 2= 0'79, 0' 2?79726 2= 72 2690/0726 79 92;07;9 2?7 76 0' 6/*76< /0 709=. S' 2?79726, 7= 0', 79 2697 02 * ;/6/02+ 02 * =224 /6 709 ?72/0726 79 ?7970 470' 0' 76?/770+ 2= 9. H24?, 7= 0' /60 A0 29 620 ;/ 70 ;/6/02+ 02 2690 /==0 760909 *=2 ;/76< 9, 0'6 9' 9 47 620 * 76?/7/0 7= 0' /0'27079 =/7 02 2690 0' /==0 760909. T'9, 72 2690/0726 9'/ 26+ * ;/6/02+, 4'6 92; 26969 / 2?7 76 0' /*96 2= 9' 2690/0726. T' S; C20 76 Hindustan "inc Ltd. #. A.P. S$12 ' 0'/0 0' =/7 02 2690 29 620 6 0' 79 2= 24 76?/7 */9 2690/0726 470' 0' 267 '/9 620 *6 ;/ ;/6/02+, 76 0' 969 0'/0 62 2696 79 2?7 76 0' /*96 2= 9' 2690/0726. I6 I67/, 0' 2?797269 =2 72 2690/0726 ;/ 76 0' 6/*76< A0 ;/+ * <2 7602 =7? 2997* '/76<9: (7)
O==77/ 2690/0726 470' / 6/; *2+ T' B/676< C2;/679 (A7970726 /6 T/69= 2= U60/76<9) A0, 1&! 2?79 =2 72 2690/0726 470' R9? B/6 2= I67/ *=2 ;/76< 9 6 0' A0.
12 11 AIR 1$.
16
(77)
C2690/0726 470' /;76790/07? *2/9 T' M769 A0, 1!1 909 A;76790/07? B2/9 02 /?79 0' <2?6;60 /6 ;/9 2*702+ 72 2690/0726 470' 0' *2/9 *=2 0' C60/ G2?6;60 /6 ;/ 9 6 0'
(777)
A0. C2690/0726 470' / 90/002+ *2/ 76 '/< 2= / /07/ 9*30 U6 0' T/ B2/ A0, 1$, 0' T/ B2/ '/9 *6 2690700 /9 / 90/002+ *2+ 76 '/< 2= 0' 4'2 9*30 2= 0/ 07?/0726, ?2;60, ;/076<, 0. T' A0 ;/9 70
(7?)
2*702+ 02 2690 0'79 B2/ *=2 0' <2?6 ;60 /6 =/; 9 6 0' A0. C2690/0726 470' 76090 9269 U6 0' I6907/ D?2;60 /6 R</0726 A0, 151 960/07269 =2; 7690+ /6 0' *7 / 76?70. S7;7/+, 0' /4 /0'27 ;677/7079 02 =/; 9 =2 0' 7;2970726 2= 0/, *0 ;/ 70 2*702+ 02 *79' /=0 9 76 / H767 /7+ /6 2690 0' 76'/*70/609 2= 0' // 4'2 / <276< 02 * /==0 *+ 9' 0/. T'79 <2476< /4/699 2= 0' 6 02 76?70 29 /077/0726 79 0/76+ / '/0'+
(?)
?2;60 76 /;76790/07? -;/76< 76 I67/. P//0726 2= 9 *+ 0' /==0 760909 U6 0'79, 0' M769 A0 ;249 0' 2469 2= ;769 02 /=0 9 0';9?9 =2 0' 9/=0+ /6 ?60726 2= /7609 76 ;769 /6 9*;70 0' /=0 9 02 0' 76902 2= ;769. S' 9 *2; 2/07? 26 *76< /2? *+ 0' <2?6;60.1#
Cha/t*r VI S0*2t1!(2 t! 1-/r!5* Par"1a-*(tar3 &!(tr!" !5*r D*"*at*+ L*12"at1!( A /= /6/+979 2= I67/6 /7/;60/+ 2602 2? 0 <79/0726 47 9'24 0'/0 70 79 ?+ 4/ /6 6?2 2 /0' 6-077. R/9269 =2 0'79 76 / 2= 979 470' /7/;60/7/69 ///797/ /0070 2= 76< /079 022 ;' 66 26 209 =2 /6+ 2*;. I0 79 90776< 02 620 0'/0 / 260+ 7 A;7/ 4'7' '/9 9070 9//0726 2= 249 0'*+ ;/76< /7/;60/+ 2602 / ; =70726 /9 0'7 C2690700726, *7?9 76 0' 7;20/6 2= 70 /6 7622/09 70 76 97<67=7/60 //9. I67/, / 260+ 470' /97-=/ 900 /6 / 13 S/ N20 #.
17
9//0726 2= 249 4'7' 79 70 70 '/9 7267/+ =/7 02 /7 0' 97<67=7/6 /6 ==07?699 2= /7/;60/+ 2602 /9 / ' 26 997? 0726. P/7/;60/+ 2602 76 E6</6 79 0' ;290 ==07? */9 70 79 26 76 / 626-2707/ /0;29' 470' / 67=2; /4 /6 0' 060 2= ;/76< 0' L/ 2= O2970726 0' C'/7;/6 2= 0' C2;;700 4'7' 907679. I67/ 0'9 9'2 /6 =2; 0'79 /6 907? 02 ;2? /4/+ =2; /;9 2= 767?7/ 24 02 /776< 0' ?/9 2= 0 ;2/+. I6 I67/, 0'9, 7= /7/;60/+ 2602 2= /;76790/07? -;/76< 79 02 * ;/ / 7?76< 2607670+ /9 / 2690700726/ 69970+, 70 79 699/+ 0'/0 0' 2 2= 0' 2;;7009 2= P/7/;60 * 906<0'6 /6 / 9//0 /4 7 0' S0/002+ I690;609 A0 2?776< =2 67=2; 9 2= /+76< /6 *7/0726 ;90 * /99. T' 2;;700 ;/+ /92 * 9;60 *+ / 97/7 2==77/ *2+ 02 ;/ 0' ?7<7/6 2= /;76790/07? -;/76< ;2 ==07?. E/' 2= 0' 0' //9 2= <79/07? 2602 79 620 = =2; 2*;9 /6 /' 2*; '/9 709 9207269 /7 246 /9 =2249. F790, 0' // 2= 70 <6/ 2602 79 ;290 6077. T'79 79 76 6=206/0 269776< 0'/0 70 79 0' ?+ 99607/ =60726 2= P/7/;60 02 */0, 7999, /< /6 /=0 0' *90 2997* /49 /6 9. T' O2970726 '/9 0' <26 '/6 02 2760 20 ;/32 =/49 /6 ? 7602 =0 2*;9 0'/0 ;7<'0 * =296. E?6 0' 76< /0+ /6 76 =2; 0'9 27609. F0', 0'79 47 ?60 /6+ 64//60 2 6=/7 <79/0726 =2; *76< /99 76 0' =790 /. T'79 79 4'+ 0'79 2602, 79 /0 0' 90/< 2= /9976< 0' /4 79 7/ 76 /?2776< =0 70707269 /6 '//99;60 02 0' 2 2= 2 ;2/+. S26, 76 0' // 2= 70 97/ 2602, 4'7' 79 0' ;2 2/ =2; 2= ', I67/6 27079 /6 /4 '/9 9?/ 22'29. T' ;290 2*?729 /6 </76< 2= 0'; / 79 0' / 2= / /4 4'7' 79 67=2;, <6/ /6 7 /6 4'7' /+ /9 /+76< /9 ;/6/02+ 470' / / 76060726 2= /76< 0' 9 2 0' 6/*76< /0 709= ?27 26 626-2;7/6. T' 9<<90726 2= 0' C2;;700 =2 / 67=2; 72 2= #! /+9 =2 /+76< *=2 =76/ *7/0726 79 '= 470' 07269 /0 76 /99 2= <6+. T'79 79 76 2 02 76=9 97699 76 0' P/7/;60/+ 276<9. 18
T' 209 022 '/? *6 /<'0 76 0'79 4* 2= / 2= 67=2; /49 /9 0'+ 7 /99 7==60+ 26 7==60 7679. I690/69 4' 0' 9/; 2?79726 '/9 *6 ' ;/6/02+ 02 429 9 7 89'/, 8;90 /6 0'6 702+ 02 7;7/0726 /6 76060726 9'24 0'/0 0' 377/+ 022 '/9 =/7 02 <7? / / 70726. T'79 79 2/* 269776< 0'/0 0' 377/+ '/9 47 249 02 20 0' 20'479 7620 /49. I6 /99 7, Dattatraya Moreshwar v. State of om!ay13, 0'79 C20 2*9? 0'/0 /4 4'7' /09 *7 079 79 702+ *0 7= 70 26=9 7?/0 7<'09 70 79 ;/6/02+. I0 79 620 *+26 2*09 0'/0 0 <79/0726 26=9 249 26 /0'27079 02 79 079 2= *7 6/0 *0 0'9 '/? / 70 7;/0 26 7?/0 7<'09 2= 70769. T'9, 0' 209 9'2 7600 2?797269 2= /+76< /9 ;/6/02+ ?6 *+ 0'79 <776. F0', 76 0' /9 2= +a,a uland Sugar v. Munici-al oard +am-ur 1/ /6 State of Mysore v. #.*. *angan10 , 0'79 C20 ' 0'/0 /9 02 4'0' / 2?79726 79 ;/6/02+ 2 702+, 42 6 26 0' 76060 4'7' '/9 02 * 0' =2; 0' '/922<+ 2= 0' 2?79726 /6 709 97<6. >76< 0'79 767 76 ;76, 907269 2= 6/*76< /09 4'7' 9 0' 429 89'/ 2 8;90 /+ 79/+ 0' 76060726 2= ;/76< 70 / 9070+ /7/* 2?79726. A 9070 7600/0726 42 <2 / 26< 4/+ 76 *76<76< 76 ==776+ 970 0' / 2= / 67=2; /4. T'7, 0' 97/ 2602 ;'/679; '/9 *6 02 / ; 9<<907? /6 2;;6/02+ *2+ 4'76 2;;7009 / 90/*79' 0'7 9<<907269 / '/ *0 /+ 7;;60. E/;9 =2; A90/7/, S20/6 /6 U670 >76<2; 42 9'24 '24 0'79 // 2= 97/ 2602 79 0/6 470' 0;290 9729699. I6 I67/, 0' 7/ 2= 90076< *279 2= 67+, 2;;7997269 /6 2;;7009 =2 /;290 /6+ 26 79 / =60 '62;626. M290 *7? 0'/0 0'79 79 / 4/+ 2= '9'76< 0' *7 7926060. H24?, 70 ;90 * 0 76 ;76 0'/0 0'9 C2;;7009 / ;/ 2= ;;*9 2= 0' P/7/;60 4'2 / /0/+ 0
14 15 AIR 1%1.
15 1"5 AIR %5.
16 1&5 AIR 1!.
19
*+ 0' 2 2= 2 260+. T'7 9<<907269 7= 7;;60 /6 92? 620 26+ 2*;9 2= 997? 0726 *0 /92 6? 676< 70707269. I0 ;90 * 9099 0'/0 /9 90/0 76 0' /9 2= Lohia Machines v (nion of India14 , 70 4/9 ' 0'/0 8976 ?+ R ;/ 6 0' A0 79 7 02 * /7 *=2 /' H29 2= P/7/;60 92 0'/0 *20' H299 2= P/7/;60 '/? /6 220670+ 2= 62476< 4'/0 0' 79 /6 269776< 4'0' /6+ ;27=7/0726 9'2 * ;/0'9, P/7/;60 '/9 620 /0 470' 709 2602 2? 0' ;/76< /0'270+ /6 70 799 9070 ?7<7/6 /6 2602 2? 0' ;/76< 24 79 *+ 0' C60/ B2/ 2= R?6. T'79 79 / 9026< 7;90/6 4'7' ;770/09 /7690 0' /<;60 */9 26 997? 0726 2= <79/07? 24. H6, /7/;60/+ 2602 79 / ?70/ =/0 76 /999976< 0' 060 2= 0726 *+ 0' 6/*76< / 0 02 ' 26 0' ?79 2= 997? 0726. T'9, 0' ?79 2= 0' 69970+ / 0 <79/0726 /6 * 0 76 ' *+ 0' P/7/;60, 377/+ /6 *+ 76< 02 9070 29. A;26<90 / 2= 0'79, 70 79 0' P/7/;60 4'7' ;90 0/ /07? 76090 /6 2602 76 2 02 99 26 0' 377/+ /6 /7? 0' 2076 2= 9//0726 2= 249 470'20 2<<76< 0' 4'9 2= 0' <2?6;60.1%
17 1%5 AIR $&.
18 S/ N20 %.
20
C!(&"021!( I= 76 I67/ /7/;60/+ 2602 2? 0 <79/0726 79 02 * ;/ / 7?76< 2607670+, 70 79 699/+ 0'/0 0' 2 2= 0' 2;;7009 2= 0' P/7/;60 ;90 * 906<0'6 /6 / 9//0 /4 7 0' S0/002+ I690;609 A0, 2?776< =2 67=2; 9 2= /+76< /6 *7/0726, ;90 * /99. T' 2;;700 ;/+ * 9;60 *+ / 97/79 2==77/ *2+ 02 ;/ 0' ?7<7/6 2= 0 <79/0726 ;2 ==07?. B979 0'79 20' ;/99 9'2 * 0/6 02 906<0'6 0' 2602 2= P/7/;60 2? 0 < 79/0726. T' P/7/;60/+ 2602 2? 0 <79/0726 76 USA /6 I67/ 79 620 /9 ==07? /9 76 U>. I6 U> 0' /+76< 2== 2 79 =224 ==07?+ */9 0' / /;76790/07? ;/76< 79 9*30 02 0' 2602 2= P/7/;60 0'2<' 0' S0 C2;;700 26 S0/002+ 7690;609. I6 I67/ 0' 2602 79 620 ?+ ;' ==07?. T' / 62 90/002+ 2?797269 76< @/+76< 2= 0 <79/0726. T'2<' 0' 4276< 2= 0' S076+ 2;;7009 79 620 ?+ ==07?, +0 0'+ '/? 2? 02 * /6 ==07? *2+ 76 /;7676< /6 7;2?76< 26 0' <79/07? 2602 2? 0 <79/0726.
21
B14"1!ra/h3 1. C.>. T'/, Administrative Law E/906 B22 C2;/6+ 1. . I.P. M/99+, Administrative Law, E/906 B22 C2;/6+, E7<'0' E70726, !1. #. P/;76/ /6 R/6370 S76<', I606/0726/ J26/ 2= P2707/ S76, L/4 /6 I606/0726/ R/07269, V2. 5, I99 5, D !15, D0726 2= L<79/07? P249 02 E07?. $. Y?/3 >'/, L E99 A6 I606/0726/ J26/ O= L/4, V2.I, I99-I N2?;* !1$, D0 L<79/0726 76 =/?2 2= L2/ A0'270+. 5. '00:KK444./40/'.60K=-/4-99/+9K2690700726/-/4K/7/;60/+-2602-2=/;76790/07?--;/76<-2690700726/-/4-99/+.'.
22