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Perhitungan Turbin Propeller
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Perhitungan Turbin Propeller
Contoh perhitungan sederhana perancangan turbin air propeler (kaplan)...
Author:
Ericson Silalahi
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1. Penentuan daya turbin : (Turbin Pompa dan Kompresor Fritz Dietzel)
P=Q × ρ × g × H E ×η T
P
= Daya turbin (W)
Q
= Debit potensi air (m3/s)
ρ
= Massa jenis fluida (Air = 1000 kg/m 3)
g
= Percepatan grafitasi bumi (9,81 m/s2)
HE
= Head efektif (m)
ηT
= Efisiensi jenis turbin
2. Penentuan diameter pipa penstock : (Turbin Pompa dan Kompresor Fritz Dietzel)
Q= A ×V
A=
Q V
π 2 D 4 i
D i=
√
A=
Q
4× A π
= Debit potensi air (m3/s)
A
= Luas penampang pipa penstock (m2)
V
= Kecepatan aliran potensi air (m/s)
Di
= Diameter dalam pipa penstock (m)
3. Perhitungan Head efektif
H E =H S −H L
HE
= Head efektif (m)
HS
= Head statis (m)
HL
= Head loss (m)
a. Head loss akibat friksi
Hf =
6,819 × L V × 1,167 C Di
1,852
( )
Hf
= Head loss akibat gaya gesek (m)
L
= Panjang pipa penstock (m)
D
= Diameter dalam pipa penstock (m)
V
= Kecepatan aliran potensi air (m/s) diijinkan 3 – 5 m/s
C
= Koefisien Hazen Williams
b. Head loss pada sisi inlet 2
H i=fe×
( )
Hi
= Head loss pada bagian masuk pipa penstock (m)
fe
= Faktor koefisien inlet (0,5)
V
= Kecepatan aliran potensi air (m/s) diijinkan 3 – 5 m/s
g
= Percepatan grafitasi bumi (9,81 m/s2)
V 2× g
c. Head loss pada valve
V2 H v =f v × 2×g
( )
Hv
= Head loss pada katup pipa penstock (m)
fv
= Faktor koefisien katup (0,19)
V
= Kecepatan aliran potensi air (m/s) diijinkan 3 – 5 m/s
g
= Percepatan grafitasi bumi (9,81 m/s2)
d. Head loss lain
H o=5 10 × ( H f + H i + H v )
10 % untuk kondisi paling aman
Ho
= Head loss lain (m)
Hf
= Head loss akibat gaya gesek (m)
Hi
= Head loss pada bagian masuk pipa penstock (m)
Hv
= Head loss pada katup pipa penstock (m)
e. Total head loss
H L =H f + H i+ H v + H v
4.
HL
= Total head loss (m)
Hf
= Head loss akibat gaya gesek (m)
Hi
= Head loss pada bagian masuk pipa penstock (m)
Hv
= Head loss pada katup pipa penstock (m)
Ho
= Head loss lain (m)
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