Perspectives on Personality 8th Edition Test Test Bank IF You Want to Purchase This And Any Other Then:Contact us At: JOHNMATE11!"#ai$%co# CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS PERSOA!IT" PS"CHO!O#"$ CHAPTER O%T!IE
Introduction: What is Personality Psychology? Defining Personality Why Use the Word Personality Word Personality as as a Concept? A Working Definition Two Fundaental Thees in Personality Psychology Theory in Personality Psychology What Do Theories Do? The !ole of !esearch in "#aluating Theories What "lse $akes a Theory %ood? Perspecti#es on Personality Perspecti#es to &e "'ained (ere Perspecti#es !econsidered )rgani*ation within Chapters Assessent Pro+les in &eha#ior, and &eha#ior Change -uary: What is Personality Psychology? CHAPTER S%&&AR"
Personality is a hard concept to define. Thinking a+out how people use the concept, howe#er, suggests three reasons for its use. People use it to con# ey a sense of consistency or continuity within a person, to con#ey the sense that the person is the origin of +eha#ior, and to con#ey the sense that the essence of a person can ca n +e suari*ed or captured in a few salient /ualities. The field of personality addresses two fundaental thees. )ne is the e'istence of differences aong people. The other is how +est + est to conceptuali*e intrapersonal functioning0the processes that take place within all persons, gi#ing for and continuity to +eha#ior. $uch of this +ook deals with theories. Theories are suary stateents, sets of principles that
pertain to certain classes of e#ents. Theories ha#e two purposes: purposes: to e'plain things that are known and to predict possi+ilities that ha#en1t yet +een e'ained. )n e way to e#aluate the worth of a theory is to ask whether research supports its predictions. -cientific psychology has a continuing cycle +etween theory and research, as theories are tested, odified on the +asis of results, and tested again. Theories can +e e#aluated on grounds other than research, though. For e'aple, a theory shouldn1t +e +ased on a single kind of inforation. Theories +enefit fro +eing parsionious0 ha#ing relati#ely few fewer assuptions 2or concepts3. People also tend to fa#or theories that fit well with their intuitions and personal world #iew. The theories descri+ed in this +ook deri#e fro se#eral perspecti#es, or #iewpoints, on huan nature. "ach theory chapter focuses on assuptions a+out the nature of personality within a particular theoretical fraework. Also included are a discussion of assessent fro the the #iewpoint of the theory under discussion, and a discussion of pro+les in +eha#ior and how they can +e reedied. 'E" TER&S
Indi#idual differences: Differences in personality fro one person to another. Intrapersonal functioning: Psychological processes that take place within the person. Parsiony: The /uality of re/uiring few assuptions4 siplicity. siplicity. Personality: A dynaic organi*ation inside the person of psychophysical systes that create the person1s person1s characteristic patterns of +eha#ior, +eha#ior, thoughts, and feelings. Theory: A suary stateent, a principle or set of principles a+ out a class of e#ents. TEST ITE&S
$ultiple Choice 5. When laypersons use the ter personality ter personality,, they generally refer to 666666666, whereas when personality psychologists use the ter, they generally refer to a. +. c. d.
generic generic ideas a+out things things e#eryone e#eryone has in coon4 coon4 specifi specificc traits traits of particular particular people. specific traits of particular people4 concrete concepts a+out personality. personality. concrete concrete concepts concepts a+out personalit personality4 y4 specifi specificc traits traits of particular particular people. people. specific specific trait traitss of particular particular people4 people4 a+stract a+stract concepts concepts a+out a+out personal personality ity
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Defining Personality
8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . The ter personality ter personality con#eys con#eys a sense of 666666666 6 66666666 a+out an indi#idual1s indi#idual1s /ualities. a. +. c. d.
di#ersity consistency cople'ity ine#ita+ility
Answer: & Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy ;. In the study of personality, consistency in#ol#es consistency in#ol#es looking for continuity across a. +. c. d.
cultures. different people. situat situation ionss that that are rela relati# ti#ely ely diff differe erent nt fro fro each each other other.. generations.
Answer: C Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate <. )ne reason people use the ter personality ter personality is is to con#ey a. +. c. d.
that that no other other perso person n will will +eha#e +eha#e in in the sae sae anne annerr as anoth another er.. that a person1s person1s actions in a situation ha#e nothing to do with genetics. that that a person1 person1ss action actionss in a situat situation ion are are deteri deterined ned +y geneti genetics. cs. that that a causal causal force force within within a person person is infl influen uencin cing g their their +eha#io +eha#iorr.
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate =. The personality concept does >)T help us
a. +. c. d.
under underst stan and d the the +eha# +eha#io iorr of of oth other ers. s. predict how people will +eha#e in certain situations. unde unders rsta tand nd our our own own +eha +eha#i #ior or.. underst understand and things things ost ost peopl peoplee ha#e ha#e in in co coon. on.
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . The ter personality ter personality descri+es descri+es a sense of a. +. c. d.
pers person onal al dis disti tinc ncti ti#e #ene ness ss.. internal conflict. orality. coon hu huanity.
Answer: A Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy @. Which of the following did Allport say a+out personality? a. +. c. d.
Its Its sip siply ly an an accu accuul ulati ation on of of +its +its and pieces pieces.. It is not ine'trica+ly tied to the physical +ody. +ody. It is a causal force that deterines +eha#ior. +eha#ior. It is genera generall lly y displ displaye ayed d in Bust Bust one one way way..
Answer: C Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . Allports definition of personality includes all of the following points "C"PT the idea that personality a. +. c.
has or organi*at *ation. is a causal force. show showss up in pat pattterns erns..
d.
is a pure purely ly psych psychol ologi ogica call conce concept pt..
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
E. >o two personalities are e'actly alike. This is captured +y the notion of a. +. c. d.
gene genettic dif differen erence ces. s. differences in sociali*ation. sociali*ation. indi indi#i #idu dual al dif differe ferenc nces es.. co coon on hua huani nitty.
Answer: C Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy 5. Intrapersonal functioning descri+es descri+es a. +. c. d.
the dynaic dynaic organi organi*at *ation ion of of syst systes es within within the the perso person. n. the interactions +etween indi#iduals within society. society. indi indi#i #idu dual al dif differe ferenc nces es in +eha +eha#i #ior or.. the degree of consis consistency tency of an an indi#idu indi#iduals als +eha#ior +eha#ior across across settings. settings.
Answer: A Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy 55. The idea that our +eha#ior at a gi#en tie stes fro the oti#es we hold at that tie ephasi*es the concept of a. +. c. d.
indi indi#i #idu dual al dif differe ferenc nces es.. internal consistency. consistency. intr intrap aper erso sona nall funct functio ioni ning ng.. pers person onal al dist distin inct cti# i#en enes ess. s.
Answer: C
Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5. A theory is theory is a a. +. c. d.
scie scient ntif ifica icall lly y pro# pro#en en set set of of fac facts ts.. set of ideas that are not supported +y scientific data. su suar ary y stat state eent ent a+ou a+outt e#en e#ents ts.. layper layperson son11s spec specula ulatio tion n a+out a+out a pheno phenoen enon. on.
Answer: C Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5;. The two +asic functions of theories theories are to a. +. c. d.
e'pl e'plai ain n and and odi odify fy +eh +eha# a#io iorr. descri+e and odify +eha#ior. desc descri ri+e +e and and e'p e'pla lain in +eha +eha#i #ior or.. e'pl e'plai ain n and and predi predict ct +eha# +eha#io iorr.
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy 5<. A good personality theory should +e a. +. c. d.
a+stract. testa+le. correct. all allGenc Genco opa pass ssiing. ng.
Answer: & Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
5=. The +roader a theory is, a. +. c. d.
the the or oree lik likel ely y it is to +e a+i a+iguo guous us.. the ore likely it is to +e correct. the ore ore like likely ly it it is is to to ake ake clear clear predic predicti tions ons.. the ore ore like likely ly it it is is to to deny deny scie scienti ntifi ficc facts facts..
Answer: A Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy 5. In characteri*ing Freuds ideas a+out testa+ility, testa+ility, it is ost accurate to say that he a. +. c. d.
insisted his theoretical ideas +e supported +y research. preferred his theoretical ideas +e supported +y research +ut recogni*ed that soe of the were untesta+le. was not interested in whether whether or not his theoretical ideas were supported +y research. was #ery interested in if his his ideas were supported in others1 research.
Answer: C Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5@. Which of the following is >)T a legitiate legitiate criticis of a psychological theory? a. +. c. d.
It is too too par parsio sioni niou ouss. It is +ased on la+oratory anials in artificial artificial settings. It is +ased +ased on the the theori theorists sts11 e'per e'perien iences ces condu conducti cting ng therap therapy y. It does does not not sti stiu ula late te ent enthu husi sias as. .
Answer: A Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5. Which of the following following criteria should >)T +e applied to a psychological theory? a. +.
It shoul hould d +e +e par parsi sio oni niou ous. s. It should Hfeel right.
c. d.
It shoul hould d +e +e tes testta+le a+le.. It shou should ld ha#e ha#e an any y ass assu upt ptio ions ns..
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5E. A theory is parsionious parsionious if it a. +. c. d.
can can pre predi dict ct +eha +eha#i #ior or accur accurat atel ely y. contains few assuptions. is testa+le. is a+le a+le to sti stiul ulate ate rese resear arch ch..
Answer: & Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . According to the trait perspecti#e, 666666666 is a aBor focus. a. +. c. d.
what what tra trait itss are are ost ost ip ipor orta tant nt how any traits are iportant how trait trait differ difference encess are are e'pres e'pressed sed in +eha#i +eha#ior or all all of of the these se answe answers rs are are cor corre rect ct
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy 5. The oti#e perspecti#e perspecti#e on personality suggests suggests that a. +. c. d.
differenc differences es in the +alance +alance of oti#es oti#es are the the priar priary y deterin deterinant ant of +eha#ior +eha#ior.. o#erall strength of oti#ation is the priary deterinant deterinant of +eha#ior. oti oti#e #ess are are not deepl deeply y e+ed e+edded ded in in the the perso person. n. oti oti#e #ess are are e'cl e'clus usi# i#el ely y gen genet etic ic..
Answer: A
Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
. The inheritance inheritance and e#olution e#olution perspecti#e a. +. c. d.
is the the only only +iol +iologi ogical cal pers perspec pecti# ti#ee on pers personal onality ity.. could suggest that aspects of personality e'ist +ecause they were adapti#e illennia ago. ephasi*es ephasi*es how a parent1 parent1ss social e'peri e'periences ences will will influence influence his or or her child1 child1ss personalit personality y. all all of of the these se answe answers rs are are cor corre rect ct..
Answer: & Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate ;. According to the +iological process perspecti#e, perspecti#e, a. +. c. d.
pers persona onali lity ty is pure purely ly genet genetic ic.. all ner#ous systes function the sae way. way. ner#ous syste syste processe processes, s, +ut +ut not horonal horonal process processes, es, influen influence ce personal personality ity.. +oth ner#ous ner#ous syste syste and horona horonall processe processess influe influence nce persona personality lity..
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate <. The #iew that huan nature incorporates incorporates a set of internal internal pressures that copete and conflict conflict with each other reflects the a. +. c.
trai rait per perspec spectti#e. i#e. dispositional perspecti#e. psyc psycho hoan anal alyt ytic ic pers perspe pect cti# i#e. e.
d.
lear learni ning ng pers perspe pect cti# i#e. e.
Answer: C Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate =. Which of the following following perspecti#es is ost closely aligned with the psychoanalytic perspecti#e? a. +. c. d.
The The et etaG aGth theo eore reti tical cal pers perspec pecti ti#e #e The dispositional perspecti#e The The phe pheno noeno enolo logi gical cal pers perspe pect cti# i#ee The The psyc psycho hoso soci cial al pers perspe pect cti# i#ee
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . The social learning perspecti#e ephasi*es a. +. c. d.
cons consta tanc ncy y in in pers person onal alit ity y. change in personality. personality. school and peer peer influences influences on personal personality ity,, +ut not faily faily influence influences. s. parent parental al infl influen uences ces +ut not peer peer infl influenc uences. es.
Answer: & Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate @. According to the organisic organisic perspecti#e on personality, personality, a. +. c. d.
se' dri#e dri#e has has a pria priary ry infl influen uence ce on person personali ality ty.. people do not ha#e free will. e#ery e#ery person person has has the the poten potenti tial al to grow grow into into a pers person on of #alue. #alue. en#iron en#ironen entt is less less ipor iportan tantt than than +iolog +iology y.
Answer: C Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . The cogniti#e perspecti#e suggests that a. +. c. d.
ental ental organ organi*a i*atio tion n influenc influences es how peopl peoplee think think +ut not how how they they +eha#e. +eha#e. huan nature in#ol#es deri#ing eaning fro e'periences. pers person onal alit ity y doe doess not not e'is e'ist. t. all all of of the these se answe answers rs are are cor corre rect ct..
Answer: & Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate E. Which of the following following is an assuption of the selfGregulation perspecti#e? perspecti#e? a. +. c. d.
Peopl ople ar are co cople'. Personality is organi*ed. Peopl Peoplee synt synthes hesi* i*ee and and o#e o#e tow towar ard d goals goals.. All All of thes thesee answ answer erss are are corr correc ect. t.
Answer: D Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate ;. >ewer theories in personality personality psychology tend to 666666666 than older theories. a. +. c. d.
e'pl e'plai ain n ore ore aspe aspect ctss of of per perso sona nali lity ty e'plain fewer aspects of personality rel rely or oree on on cas casee st studi udies +e less ess par parssion ioniious ous
Answer: &
Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
;5. Accurate assessent of personality is necessary a. +. c. d.
to cond conduc uctt #alid #alid rese resear arch ch on pers persona onali lity ty.. for aking sart hiring decisions. for for tre treat atin ing g ent ental al ill illne ness ss.. all all of of the these se answe answers rs are are cor corre rect ct..
Answer: D Topic7Concept: )rgani*ation within Chapters 8) 97Te't: 5.<: )utline reasons as to why assessent of personality, +eha#ioral pro+les, and +eha#ior change are iportant -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy True and False 5. When we descri+e personality, we reduce a large aount of inforation to a saller set. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy
. Psychologists typically use the ter personality ter personality to to refer to specific characteristics of specific persons. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate ;. When psychologists use the ter personality ter personality,, they are likely referring to an a+straction.
Answer: T Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
<. Personality psychologists generally agree on a single definition of personality of personality.. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy =. )ne reason to use the ter personality ter personality is is to counicate continuity in personal /ualities. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy . Personality . Personality refers refers to consistency across siilar situations +ut not consistency across #ery different situations. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate @. )ne reason to use the ter personality ter personality is is to suggest that a persons +eha#ior is caused +y internal forces. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy . The ter personality ter personality suggests suggests that a few characteristics can suari*e what a p erson is like.
Answer: T Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy
E. According to Allport, personality has little to do with the physical +ody. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5. Identical twins ha#e identical personalities, e#en if they try to conceal this. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 55. Two Two core thees in personality psychology are indi#idual differences and social functioning. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5. The concept of intrapersonal functioning descri+es the dy naic processes that occur within the indi#idual. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy 5;. Although they differ in other ways, all personality personality theories gi#e e/ual ephasis to indi#idual differences and intrapersonal functioning.
Answer: F Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
5<. Theories ust e'plain cople' phenoena ore cople' than, for e'aple, the +eha#ior of indi#idual ner#e cells. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5=. A good theory needs to generate no#el predictions. predictions. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy 5. &ecause personality is a +road construct, construct, personality theories ust +e +road and cople'. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5@. The e'planatory aspect of personality personality theories is su+tler su+tler than the predicti#e aspect. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5. The fewer things a theory has to account for, the ore likely likely it is to +e a+iguous. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology
8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
5E. A theory theory is sufficient if it it pro#ides an e'planation for known facts4 it need not allow you to ake new predictions. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . $ost personality theories ha#e soe a+iguity, a+iguity, aking it unclear e'actly what their predictions should +e. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate 5. Theories should +e open to the possi+ility of +eing disconfired as well as to to the possi+ility of +eing supported. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . !esults fro psychological research research often fail to fully fully support predictions. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy ;. %ood theories should contain as any assuptions as possi+le. Answer: F
Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
<. Personality psychologists only use o+Becti#e inforation when e#aluating e#aluating theories. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate =. The trait perspecti#e suggests suggests huan nature is a set set of relati#ely peranent /ualities /ualities e+edded in a person. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . The oti#e perspecti#e on personality personality argues that oti#ations oti#ations are constant across conte'ts. conte'ts. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate @. The inheritance and e#olution perspecti#e argues argues that any aspects of personality personality e'ist +ecause they were adapti#e for huans that e'isted illennia ago. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy
. According to the +iological processes perspecti#e, ner#ousGsyste functioning functioning is iportant in deterining personality, personality, +ut horonal functioning is not +ecause horone le#els fluctuate so rapidly. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate E. -igund Freud is ost closely closely associated with the +iological +iological process perspecti#e. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate ;. The psychosocial perspecti#e is historically historically linked to the psychoanalytic perspecti#e. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy ;5. The social learning perspecti#e on personality personality ephasi*es constancy rather than than change. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate ;. The +elief that people tend naturally toward selfGperfection is one of the roots of the the selfG actuali*ation perspecti#e. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality
to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy
;;. The cogniti#e perspecti#e on personality personality focuses on the notion that selfGactuali*ation selfGactuali*ation is a fundaental part of huan nature. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate ;<. "ach perspecti#e on personality generally +egins with a different different conception of huan nature. Answer: T Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy ;=. >ewer personality theories tend tend to +e aied at all aspects aspects of personality whereas older theories tended to focus on ore specific aspects of personality. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: Difficult ;. If a particular theory does not co#er the entire doain of personality, personality, it is not a #alua+le contri+ution to the field. Answer: F Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Apply Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate
;@. Assessent techni/ues often differ differ fro one theoretical approach to another. another. Answer: T Topic7Concept: )rgani*ation within Chapters 8) 97Te't: 5.<: )utline reasons as to why assessent of personality, +eha#ioral pro+les, and +eha#ior change are iportant -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy ;. Assessent techni/ues are are an iportant part of applied applied psychology. Answer: T Topic7Concept: )rgani*ation within Chapters 8) 97Te't: 5.<: )utline reasons as to why assessent of personality, +eha#ioral pro+les, and +eha#ior change are iportant -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy ;E. "ach theoretical perspecti#e suggests different things a+out noral +eha#ior, +ut siilar things a+out a+noral +eha#ior. Answer: F Topic7Concept: )rgani*ation within Chapters 8) 97Te't: 5.<: )utline reasons as to why assessent of personality, +eha#ioral pro+les, and +eha#ior change are iportant -kill 8e#el: Analy*e Difficulty 8e#el: Difficult <. "ach theoretical perspecti#e suggests different ways to to proote +eha#ior change. Answer: T Topic7Concept: )rgani*ation within Chapters 8) 97Te't: 5.<: )utline reasons as to why assessent of personality, +eha#ioral pro+les, and +eha#ior change are iportant -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: "asy -hort "ssay 5. Allports definition of personality of personality ephasi*es ephasi*es se#eral eleents. Identify three of the Ideas it contains. -aple Answer:
Personality has organi*ation4 it is not Bust a collection of +its and p ieces. Personality has processes4 it is acti#e. Personality is a psychological concept, ine'trica+ly tied to the physical +ody. Personality is a causal force4 it helps deterine how an indi#idual relates to the world. Personality appears in patterns, recurrences, and consistencies. Personality is displayed in any ways, through +eha#iors, thoughts and feelings. Topic7Concept: Defining Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.5: Identify three reasons for using the concept of personality -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate . Define the ter theory and theory and identify a theory1s theory1s two +asic purposes pu rposes or functions. -aple Answer: A theory is a type of suary stateent, a general principle or set of principles pertaining to a class of e#ents. Two +asic purposes are: 253 e'plain the set of phenoena the theory addresses and 23 predict new inforation. Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate ;. Identify and +riefly discuss the characteristics of a good theory. -aple Answer: %enerally, %enerally, a good theory e'plains and predicts +eha#ior. In addition, the following /uestions should +e answered affirati#ely: 253 Is the theory stiulating? 23 Is the theory parsionious? 2;3 Does the theory feel reasona+le or sensi+le? Finally, Finally, a theory should not +e +ased on too narrow a set of inforation. Topic7Concept: Theory in Personality Psychology 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.: Indicate the two functions that any theory should ser#e -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate <. >ae four of the +road perspecti#es and descri+e the fundaental assuption of each. -aple Answer:
Trait perspecti#e0People ha#e relati#ely sta+le characteristics that are displayed across conte'ts. $oti#e perspecti#e0$oti#es are the key eleent und erlying +eha#ior. +eha#ior. Inheritance and e#olution perspecti#e0(uan nature is deeply rooted in genes. &iological process perspecti#e0Personality reflects the functioning of the +ody and +rain. Psychoanalytic perspecti#e0Personality is fored +y the dynaics of copeting internal forces. Psychosocial perspecti#e0!elationships with others and the way in which they play out are the ost iportant aspect of huan nature. -ocial learning perspecti#e0&eha#ior changes as a function of e'perience. -elfGactuali*ation 2or selfGdeterination or organisic3 perspecti#e0"#ery person has the potential to de#elop into a #alua+le huan +eing. Cogniti#e perspecti#e0(uan +eings deri#e eaning fro e'p eriences. -elfGregulation perspecti#e0People are cople' systes siilar to hoeostatic systes that are selfGregulating. Topic7Concept: Perspecti#es on Personality 8) 97Te't: 97Te't: 5.;: -uari*e the ain thees of the 5 theoretical perspecti#es on personality p ersonality to +e discussed in this te't -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate =. Identify three ways in which personality psychologists use assessent. -aple Answer: 253 To portray portray personali personalities ties of specific specific persons persons 23 To study personali personality ty #aria+les #aria+les and their their influence influence on +eha#ior 2;3 To use in applied psychology psychology,, e.g., as a +asis for hiring decisions decisions or to diagnose diagnose psychopathology. psychopathology. Topic7Concept: )rgani*ation within Chapters 8) 97Te't: 5.<: )utline reasons as to why assessent of personality, +eha#ioral pro+les, and +eha#ior change are iportant -kill 8e#el: Understand Difficulty 8e#el: $oderate C!ASS (E&OSTRATIO 1)1
Purpose: To To ha#e students think a+out their e#eryday use of the ter personality ter personality and and how it fits the ideas of personality researchers.
"'ercise: (a#e students coplete the following ste on a piece of paper: HI use the ter personality to personality to refer to... After students ha#e tie to write down their answers, collect the copletions and randoly select a few to read and analy*e aloud in class. !esults: This e'ercise should deonstrate that students use the ter personality ter personality in in uch the sae anner as do personality psychologists: i.e., to refer to the indi#idual differences that gi#e rise to huan uni/ueness4 to capture a sense the consistency in peoples +eha#ior across tie and situations4 and to acknowledge that +eha#ior often sees to +e oti#ated internally, +y soething a+out the person, rather than +y aspects of the situation in which the person is e+edded. PRI&AR" SO%RCES
Allport, %. W. 25E53. Pattern 25E53. Pattern and growth in personality personality.. >ew Jork: (olt, !inehart, K Winston. $addi, -. !. 25E3. Personality 25E3. Personality theories: A comparative analysis. analysis. (oewood, I8: Dorsey Press.
