Philippine Revised Penal Code Book 2 - Midterm Reviewer

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Search Search                    History:    Searching...        y. Result 00 of 00 1. Treaso reason( n(114) 114) 2. Conspirac Conspiracyan yandpr dpropos oposalt altoco ocommit mmit 00 results for result for  treason(115) 3. Mispri Misprision sionoftr oftreaso eason(1 n(116)  p. 16) 4. Espio Espiona nage ge(117 (117)) 

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1. Inciting Incitingtow towaror arorgivi givingm ngmotive otivesfor sfor reprisals(118) 2. Violatio Violationof nofneutra neutrality lity(119) (119) 3. Correspondence Correspondencewithhostile withhostilecountry country (120) 4. Flightto Flighttoenem enemy’sco y’scountry untry(121 (121)) 5. Piracyi Piracyingen ngeneral eraland andmuti mutinyon nyonthe the highseasorinPhilippinewaters(122) 114 .      

Elements: 1. Offender–Filip Offender–Filipinocitize inocitizenoralien noralien residinginthePhilippines 2. Thereisawar–Philippineisinvolved (notcivilwar) 3. Offender–(a)leviesw Offender–(a)levieswaragain aragainstthe stthe government(declarewar)or(b) adherestotheenemiesgivingthem aidorcomfort.

**Adherenceandgivingaidorcomfortto theenemymustCONCURTOGETHER. **Theaidandcomfortmustbegiventothe enemybysomekindofaction–itmustbea deedorphysicalactivity,notmerelya mentaloperation.Itmustbetorender assistancetothemasenemiesandin furtheranceoftheenemies’hostiledesigns. **Murderandphysicalinjurieswereinherent inthecrimeoftreasoncharacterizedbythe givingofaidandcomforttotheenemy. Thesecrimescannotbecomplexedwith treason.

**TreasonbyFilipinocitizencanbe committedoutsideofthePhilippines,but treasonbyanalienmustbecommittedIN THEPHILIPPINES. **Treasonisacontinuousoffense–maybe committeesbyonesingleact,seriesofacts, severalseriesthereof,anddifferenttimes. Waysofprovingtreason: 1. Testimonyoftwowitnes estimonyoftwowitnessestothe sestothe sameovertact,or 2. Confessi Confessiono onofth fthea eaccused ccusedino inopen pen court

Treason–breachofallegiancetothe governmentcommittedbyapersonwho owesallegiancetoit. Allegiance–theobligationoffidelityand obediencewhichtheindividualsowetothe governmentunderwhichtheyliveortotheir

Two-witnessrule:Thetestimonyoftwo witnessesisrequiredtoprovetheovertact ofgivingaidorcomfort.Itisnotnecessaryto proveadherence.Eachofthewitnessesmust testifytothewholeovertact,orifseparable, theremustbetwowitnessestoeachpartof

sovere gn, n re urn or receive.

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**Treasoncannotbecommittedintimeof peace–whilethereispeace,thereareno traitors.Treasonisawarcrime,itispunished bythestateasameasureofself-defense andself-preservation. “Levieswar”–actualassemblingofmenfor thepurposeofexecutingatreasonable designbyforce.Itisnotnecessarythatthere beaformaldeclarationoftheexistenceofa stateofwar.Thewarmustbedirected againstthegovernment:organizedto overthrowanddestroytheestablished government.Merepublicuprisingtoinflictan actofhateorrevengeuponthepersonsof publicofficersdoesnotconstitutetreason becauseitisnotdirectedagainstthe government.Thelevyingofwarmustbein collaborationwithaFOREIGNCOUNTRY.

eov eover er ac ac . **Thedefenseofduress,lawfulobedienceto    governmentisagooddefensein a treason. 11 15 .  

 PP    & P   P                

**Conspiracytocommittreasonis committedwhenintimeofwar,twoormore personscometoanagreementtolevywar againstthegovernmentortoadheretothe enemiesandtogivethemaidorcomfort, anddecidetocommitit. **Proposaltocommittreasoniscommitted whenintimeofwarapersonwhohas decidedtolevywaragainstthegovernment ortoadheretotheenemiesandtogive themaidorcomfort,proposesitsexecution tosomeotherpersonorpersons. **Reason:intreason,theveryexistenceof thestateisENDANGERED.

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 January2007  January2007

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involvethePhilippinesorexpose Filipinocitizenstoreprisalontheir personsorproperty

**Thetwo-witnessruledoesnotapplyto conspiracyorproposaltocommittreason. 116 .      h

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Elements: 1. Offender Offender–ow –owing ingalleg allegianc ianceto etothe the governmentandNOTaforeigner 2. Offender Offender–ha –haskno sknowledg wledgeof eofany any conspiracytocommittreasonagainst thegovernment 3. Offender Offender–co –concea ncealso lsordoe rdoesnot snot discloseandmakeknownthesameas soonaspossibletothe(a)governoror fiscaloftheprovinceor(b)tothe mayororfiscalofthecityWHICHHE RESIDES. **Cannotbecommittedbyaresidentalien **Doesnotapplywhentreasonisalready committedbysomeoneandtheaccused doesnotreportitscommissiontotheproper authority–knowledgeofCONSPIRACY **Hispenaltyislikethepenaltyforan accessory,stillheisinthestateofbeingthe principal.

**Theintentionoftheoffenderisimmaterial –thelawconsiderstheeffectsproducedby theactoftheaccused.Suchactsmight disturbthefriendlyrelationthatwehave withaforeigncountry,andthatare penalizedeveniftheyconstituteamere imprudence. **Committedintimeofpeace 11 19 .V

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Elements: 1. There Thereisw iswari arinwhic nwhichth hthe e PhilippinesisNOTINVOLVED 2. Thereus Thereusar aregulat egulationi ionissued ssuedby by competentauthorityforthe purposeofenforcingneutrality 3. Offender–violatessu Offender–violatessuchregul chregulation ation **Anationorpowerwhichtakesnopartina contestofarmsgoingonbetweenothersis referredtoasneutral. 12 0 .     P         

    

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Elements: IntimeofwarinwhichthePhilippinesis involved 1. Offender Offender–ma –make kesco scorr rrespo esponden ndence ce withanenemycountryorterritory 11 7 .

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Twowaysofcommitting: A.“Entering” Elements: 1. Offender–entersaW Offender–entersaWarship,F arship,Fort, ort, NavalorMilitaryestablishmentor reservation 2. Hehasn Hehasnoau oauthorit thoritytod ytodoso oso 3. Purpose–toobtainIn Purpose–toobtainInformatio formation, n,

occupiedbyenemytroops 2. Thecorre Thecorresponde spondencei nceiseit seither– her– a. Proh Prohibit ibited edby byth the e government b. Carried Carriedoncip oncipher hersor sor conventionalsigns,or c. Conta Containi iningn ngnot otice iceor or informationwhichmightbe usefultotheenemy

ans, o ograp s or o er a a o aconfidentialnaturerelativetothe defenseofthePhilippines B.“Disclosing” 1. Offender–publicofficer

Correspondence–communicationbymeans ofletters

12 1.   

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2.

Hehasinhispossessionthesaid articles,dataorinformationby reasonofthepublicofficeheholds 3. Hedisclosestheircontentstoa representativeofaforeignnation. 118 .   V    

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Elements: 1. Offender–performsunlawfulor unauthorizedacts 2. Suchactsprovokeorgiveoccasion forawarinvolvingorliableto ©

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Elements: 1. Thereisawarinwhichthe Philippinesisinvolved 2. Offender–owesallegiancetothe Philippinegovernment 3. Offender–attemptstofleeorgoto enemy’scountry 4. Goingtotheenemy’scountryis prohibitedbycompetentauthority (government) **Mereattempttoenemy’scountry consummatesthecrime.

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**Iffleeingorgoingtoanenemycountryis notprohibitedbycompetentauthority,the crimeisnotcommitted. 12 2 .P     

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Elements: 1. Avesselisonthehighseasorin Philippinewaters 2. Offenders–notmembersofits complementorpassengersof vessels 3. Offenders–(a)attackorseizethat vessel,or(b)seizethewholeor partofthecargoofsaidvessel,its equipmentorpersonalbelongings ofitscomplementorpassengers. Piracy–robberyorforcibledepredationon thehighseaswithoutlawfulauthorityand donewithintenttosteal. Piracyvs.robberyonthehighseas:thereis violenceagainstorintimidationofpersonsor forceuponthingsintakingthepropertyin thevessel-Robbery–offenderisamemberofthe complementora passengerofthe vessel; Piracy–offenderisNOTapassenger or a member of the complement ofthevessel. Mutiny–usuallycommittedbytheother membersofthecomplementandmaybe committedbythepassengersofthevessel.

12 3 .Q

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Thereshouldbepiracyormutinyinthehigh seas.Thiswillbequalifiedifanyofthe followingcircumstancesispresent: 1. Wheneverthepirateshaveseized thevesselbyboardingorfiring uponthesame; 2. Wheneverthepirateshave abandonedtheirvictimswithout meansofsavingthemselves;or 3. Wheneverthecrimeis accompaniedbymurder,homicide, physicalinjuries,orrape. **Thisisaspecialcomplexcrimepunishable byreclusionperpetuaregardlessofthe numberofvictims. **Anypersonwhoaidsorprotectspiratesor abetsthecommissionofpiracyshallbe consideredasanaccomplice.

TITLETWO:     

                              

1. Arbitrarydetention(124) 2. Delayinthedeliveryofdetained personstotheproperjudicial authorities(125) 3. Delayingrelease(126) 4. Expulsion(127) 5. Violationofdomicile(128) 6. Searchwarrantsmaliciouslyobtained andabuseintheserviceofthose

officerortheraisingofcommotionsand disturbancesonboardashipagainstthe authorityofitscommander. P    y

y

Personswhoattacks Theyaremembersof thevesselorseizeits thecrewor cargoare passengers STRANGERStosaid vessel Intenttostealis Intenttoignorethe essential

ship’sofficersorthey maybepromptedby adesiretocommit plunder

7. Searchingdomicilewithoutwitness (130) 8. Prohibition,interruption,and dissolutionofpeacefulmeetings(131) 9. Interruptionofreligiousworship(132) 10.Offendingofreligiousfeelings(133) 12 4 .

B     

     

Elements: 1. Offender–publicofficeror employee 2. Offender–detainsaperson 3. Detention–withoutlegalgrounds **Publicofficersliable–mustbevestedwith authoritytodetainororderthedetentionof personsaccusedofacrime;i.e.policemen, judges,mayor. **Thereisdetentionwhenheisplacedina confinementorthereisarestraintonhis person–evenifhrcouldmovefreely,aslong ashecouldnotescapeforfearofbeing apprehendedagain. Legalgroundsforthedetentionofaperson:

©

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