THE ANALYSIS OF SEGMENTAL AND SUPRASEGMENTAL ASPECTS OF INDONESIAN ENGLISH ACCENT
Composed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the Final Examination of English Phonetics and Phonology at the English Education Program, Language and Art Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, The University of Jember
By: DEZTYA AYU NING WINTY 150210401015
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM LANGUAGE AND ARTS DEPARTMENT THE FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION THE UNIVERSITY OF JEMBER 2016
Introduction
Phonetics is about sounds of
language and it is a descriptive tool
necessary to the study of phonological aspects of a language. Phonology is about sound systems of languages. There are many styles of speech for each individual which is influenced by a variety of causes such as locality, early influences, and social surroundings. In this paper I want to analyze about both Segmental and Suprasegmental aspects in English Phonetics and Phonology. This paper is focused on identifying unique characteristics of Javanese speaker when producing English sound in intermediate text level correctly according to segmental and suprasegmental aspects. The speaker’s name is Azzilizza Febri as a student in Economic Faculty in Jember University, she is 20 years old. The first part of the discussion presents Segmental aspects are those which can be segmented into distinct, discrete units, such as vowels and consonant . Then continued by Suprasegmental aspects like rhythm, stress, and Intonation. As a non-native speaker, the speaker
has problems to pronounce some sounds.
Therefore, in this opportunity I will explain how that can happen to the Javanese speaker in pronouncing English by give a text and let the speaker read aloud the text.
Methods
To analyze how Javanese speaker producing English sound from reading an intermediate text level for intermediate student level and record the way the speaker read. The speaker allowed reading the text loudly to make the recording clear to analyze. After I get the recording from the Javanese speaker, I analyze about the segmental and suprasegmental aspects according to the recording. Then, I make the list of the words above about the wrong and the correct way to pronounce sounds and analyze the factors that affect the way the speaker pronounce in a wrong way.
Discussion
To analyze how Javanese speaker producing English sound from reading an intermediate text level for intermediate student level and record the way the speaker read. The speaker allowed reading the text loudly to make the recording clear to analyze. This is the text that the speaker read to analyze:
Original text Online Dating
Amanda turns on her computer and opens her e-mail. She has a new message. She smiles. It is from Tall_and_Handsome34, a man Amanda met on FindNew Love.com, an online dating website. She really hopes to find a new love, and Tall_and_Handsome34 could be the right man for her! Amanda reads the e-mail. Tall_and_Handsome34 asks Amanda if she would like to meet in person on Friday. He tells her his real name is Mike. Amanda considers meeting Mike. She only chats with Mike on the computer, but she really likes him. He is smart and funny. They are the same age, share many interests, and live in the same city. She does not know what he
looks
like,
but
she
enjoys
the
mystery
of
a
blind
date.
Source By: http://www.really-learn-english.com/english-short-stories-level-0 5 story-07.html
Phonetic Transcription text ˈɒnˌlaɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ /əˈmændə tɜːnz ɒn hɜː k əmˈpjuːtər ænd ˈəʊ pənz hɜː iːmeɪl. ʃiː hæz ə njuːˈmɛsɪʤ. ʃiː smaɪlz. ɪt ɪz fr ɒm tɔːl _ænd_ ˈhænsəm34, ə mæn əˈmænd ə mɛt ɒn faɪnd ənjuː lʌv d ɒt k ɒm, ən ˈɒnˌlaɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ʃiː ˈr ɪəli həʊ ps tuː faɪnd ənjuː lʌv, ænd tɔːl _ænd_ ˈhænsəm34 k ʊd biː ðə raɪt mæn f ɔː hɜː!/ /əˈmændə riːdz ði iːmeɪl. tɔːl _ænd_ ˈhænsəm34 ɑːsks əˈmændə ɪf ʃiː wʊd
laɪk tuː miːt ɪn ˈ pɜːsn ɒn ˈfraɪdeɪ. hiː tɛlz hɜː hɪz r ɪəl neɪm ɪz maɪk. / /əˈmændə k ənˈsɪdəz ˈmiːtɪŋ maɪk. ʃiː ˈəʊnli ʧ æts wɪð maɪk ɒn ðə k ə mˈpjuːtə, bʌt ʃiː ˈr ɪəli laɪks hɪm. hiː ɪz smɑːt ænd ˈf ʌni. ðeɪɑː ðə seɪm eɪʤ, ʃ eə ˈmɛni ˈɪntr ɪsts, ænd lɪv ɪn ðə seɪm ˈsɪti. ʃiː dʌz n ɒt nəʊ w ɒt hiː lʊks laɪk , bʌt ʃiː ɪnˈʤɔɪz ðə ˈmɪstəri ɒv ə blaɪnd deɪt./
Then, after I get the recording, the next step is to analyze the segmental and suprasegmentals aspects from the non-native speaker. The list of the wrong pronunciation words is listed below. Wrong
No
Word
1
Amanda
/amanda/
/əˈmændə/
2
Computer
/komputer/
/k əm’pju:tə/
3
Open
/opən/
/əʊ pən/
4
Smiles
/smail/
/smaɪlz/
5
Met
/mɜt/
/mɛt/
6
Love
/lov/
/lʌv/
7
Considers
/konsider/
/k ənˈsɪdəz/
8
Could
/c ɒuld/
/k ʊd/
9
Would
/w ɒuld/
/wʊd/
10
Person
/person/
/pɜ:sn/
11
Share
/seər/
/ ʃ eə/
12
Interest
/intərest/
/ˈɪntr ɪsts/
13
Live
/laɪf/
/lɪv/
14
Blind date
/blind deɪt/
/blaɪnd deɪt/
Pronunciation
True Pronunciation
After, I make list the words above about the wrong and the correct way to pronounce sounds she has many of mistakes to pronounce the words correctly because the speaker has some of the difficulties to pronounce some of the words.
A. Segmental Aspect
First, I want to analyze the segmental aspect in this report included vowel and consonant sounds. 1.
Vowel sounds The speaker has mistakes when producing some vowel sounds as listed below it is marked by the underlined letter.
No
Word
Wrong vowel sounds
True vowel sounds
that produced 1
Computer
/komputer/
/k əm’pju:tə/
2
Smiles
/smail/
/smaɪlz/
3
Met
/mɜt/
/mɛt/
5
Love
/lov/
/lʌv/
6
Person
/Person/
/pɜ:sn/
7
Live
/laɪf/
/lɪv/
8
Blind date
/blind deɪt/
/blaɪnd deɪt/
Wrong dipthongs
True diphtong
No
Diphthongs Word
produced
sounds
1
Open
/opən/
/əʊ pən/
2
Smiles
/smail/
/smaɪlz/
3
Blind date
/blind deɪt/
/blaɪnd deɪt/
2. Consonant sounds The speaker has mistakes when producing some of the consonant sounds as listed below it is marked by the underlined letter.
No
Word
Wrong
True
Manner and Place of
Pronunciation Pronunciation Articulation 1
Computer
/komputer/
/k əm’ pju:tə/
Voiced palatal approximants
2
Computer
/komputer/
/k əm’pju:tə/
Voiceless velar plosive
3
Smiles
/smail/
/smaɪlz/
Voiced alveolar fricative
4
Share
/seər/
/ ʃ eə/
Voiceless
postalveolar
fricative 5
Live
/laɪf/
/lɪv/
Voiced
labio-dental
fricative Then, from the lists above we can see that the speaker has some difficulties and mistakes from producing vowel and consonant sounds. I can analyze why that can happen to the speaker because mostly Indonesian especially Javanese make a sound according to the Indonesian Language. They are not really familiar with English sounds, so they pronounce vowel sounds according to Indonesian vowel sounds not English sound. This cases influenced by mother tongue and the speaker lack of prior knowledge about how to pronounce English sounds correctly. But, sometimes they understand to producing English sounds. It is same as when Indonesian especially Javanese producing consonant sound.they are not really familiar with / ʃ / and /θ/ sounds, because those sounds are rarely produced by Indonesian people. Indonesian usually producing sound /r/ clearly, that happens to the speaker when pronouncing some words that there are /r/ sounds in the words. Indonesian also not really familiar with the voiceless plosive /p/, /t/, and /k/. Indonesian usually pronounce them sounds as a realization of /k/ in keep. It depends on the habit of Indonesian people when pronounce /k/ sounds in word kolam or kita. So,we can find that cases from the recording. That happen to word computer , the speaker should pronounce the /k/ sounds with plosive to pronounce the word correctly.
B. Suprasegmental Aspects
The suprasegmental aspect that I will discuss in this paper there are three: 1. Intonation From the recording, I can analyze that the speaker uses Indonesian intonation in pronouncing the English Language, especially the speaker pronouncing with Javanese Accent. We can hear the recording that the speaker pronouncing the English Language with Javanese accent clearly. So, for the English Language, it is heard monotone. Because almost all of the words in the text pronounce by the same intonation. But, in English Language intonation is the one factors that affect the meaning of the word. 2. Stress The are some differences from Indonesia language and English Language. Including the word stress. Indonesia Language is a syllable-timed language. However, English is a stress-timed language. Because of that, Indonesian English sounds syllable-timed rather than stress-timed. According to Roach (2000), stress placement in English depends on the following information: (1) the morphology of the words (simple or complex words), (2) grammatical category of the words (noun, verb), (3) the number of syllables, and (4) the phonological structures of the syllables (weak or strong). A wrong placement of stress on a word may cause ‘foreign accent’ or misunderstanding between the speaker and the listener. Incorrect stress patterns in many or certain words. I am not really sure, but Indonesians tend to put the stress on the last
syllable. When Indonesian talks, stress is not contrastive. Words are always stressed on the last syllable. As like in the record by the speaker
3. Rhythm Rhythm is the regular occurrence of stressed syllable in a connected speech. It is said that English has a stress-timed rhythm which implies that stressed syllables will tend to occur at relatively regular intervals (Roach, 2000; Chun, 2000; Cruttenden, 1995). Rhythm is most commonly discussed in terms of patterns of stressed vs. unstressed syllables. According to Roach (2000) the stress-timed rhythm theory states that the times from each stressed syllable to next will tend to be the same, irrespective of the number of intervening unstressed syllable. English and Indonesian have different rhythm patterns. Often Indonesians are not aware of this so they use the rhythm for Indonesian when speaking English. Many do not even realize that their English speech rhythm is affected by the rhythm of their mother tongue, nor do they know that this interference makes their English speech unnatural and sometimes difficult to understand.
Conclusion
From the analysis above that I have analyzed before, we can conclude that Indonesian has difficulties to pronounce the English Language correctly. That marked by the way they pronounce some English word with the wrong way. It happens to some vowel and consonant sounds. The wrong pronunciation can cause by the mother tongue of Indonesian who can not pronounce some sounds like / ʃ / and /θ/ sounds correctly, lack of prior knowledge about how to pronounce some sounds correctly, and lack of experience in pronouncing English sounds. Indonesian needs more practice and knowledge about how to speak English correctly. They can learn the correct intonation, rhythm, and the word stress from hearing audio from native speaker, join some courses and trying to deepen further the theories of phonology to improved their English. Segmental and suprasegmental aspects are the most important things in pronunciation. Because in English pronunciation mistakes will lead to the meaning of the word be wrong. So, with correct pronunciation, we can make other people understand what we want to say clearly. At least, it is very important to introduce the pronunciation of the English language correctly from the beginning to the English Learners before it becomes a habit because the habit will be difficult to change. So, I hope the English learners can able to master the ways of pronouncing the English Language correctly, fluently,and accurately.
References Ogden, Richard. (2009). An Introduction to English Phonetics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. McMahon, Apri. (2002). An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Roach, P. (2001). English Phonetic and Phonology: A Practical Course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dardjowidjojo, S. (2009). English Phonetics & Phonology for Indonesians. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. th
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2016, retrieved from http://indodic.com/SimilaritiesDiffs.html) Putra, Meizi, Indonesians’ Problems in Learning English, posted on 2 nd September 2015. (accessed on 30th May 2016, retrivied from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/indonesians-problems learningenglish-meizi-m-nur-putra)
