PHStat2 Users Guide

PHStat2 Version 2.6 Users Guide

Copyright 2006 Prentice-Hall, a division of Pearson Education.

Table of Contents Introduction.................................................. Introduction.......................................................................................................... ..................................................................... ............. 4 What is PHStat2?.......... PHStat2?................................................................. ................................................................................................ ......................................... 4 What PHStat2 is not ................................................... .................................................. 4 How PHStat2 Presents Its Results................................................ Results............................................................................... ............................... 5 Preparing Preparing Data for Analysis ............................................... ......................................... 5 PHStat2 Commands Commands ....................................................... ......................................................................................................... .................................................. 6 Data Preparation Preparation Menu................................................................................... ............. 6 Stack Data ........................................................ ............................................................................................................... ........................................................... .... 6 UnStack Data ................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................... .... 6 Descriptive Descriptive Statistics Menu............................... Menu...................................................................................... ........................................................... .... 7 Box-and-Whisker Plot ....................................................... ................................................................................................ ......................................... 7 Dot Scale Diagram.................................................... Diagram ...................................................................................................... .................................................. 8 Frequency Distribution ...................................................... ............................................................................................... ......................................... 8 Histogram & Polygons.............................................. .................................................. 9 Stem-and-Leaf Display ...................................................... ............................................................................................. ....................................... 10 One-Way Tables & Charts.................................................................... Charts............ ............................................................................ .................... 11 Two-Way Tables & Charts ................................................ ....................................... 12 Decision-Making Decision-Making Menu ....................................................... .............................................................................................. ....................................... 12 Covariance and Portfolio Analysis ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................... 12 Expected Monetary Value.................................................. Value......................................................................................... ....................................... 13 Expected Opportunity Loss.......................................................... ............................. 13 Opportunity Loss ...................................................... ...................................................................................................... ................................................ 14 Probability Probability & Prob. Distributio Distributions ns Menu Menu ....................................................... .................................................................. ........... 14 Simple & Joint Probabilities ........................................................ ..................................................................................... ............................. 14 Normal ................................................... ........................................................ ................................................................... ........... 14 Normal Probability Plot ..................................................... ............................................................................................ ....................................... 15 Binomial Probabilities ....................................................... .............................................................................................. ....................................... 15 Exponential ...................................................... ............................................................................................................. ......................................................... .. 16 Hypergeometric.................................................................. ....................................... 16 Poisson ................................................... ........................................................ ................................................................... ........... 17 Sampling Menu .................................................. ....................................................... ......................................................... .. 17 Random Sample Generator ................................................ ....................................... 17 Sampling Distributions Simulation........................... ................................................ 18 Confidence Confidence Intervals Menu............................... Menu...................................................................................... ......................................................... .. 19 Estimate for the Mean, sigma known known ............. .................... .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. .......... .... 19 Estimate for the Mean, sigma unknown unknown ............. .................... ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ....... 19 Estimate for the Population Variance ................................................... .................... 20 Estimate for the Proportion.......................................................... Proportion.. ..................................................................................... ............................. 20 Estimate for the Population Total ................................................ ............................. 21 Estimate for the Total Difference ................................................ ............................. 22 Sample Size Menu.......................................................................... Menu.................. ..................................................................................... ............................. 22 Determination for the Mean......................................................... Mean. ..................................................................................... ............................. 22 Determination for the Proportion..................... Proportion............................................................................ ......................................................... .. 23 One-Sample One-Sample Tests Menu ..................................................... ............................................................................................ ....................................... 23 Z Test for the Mean, Mean, sigma sigma known ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................... 23

Table of Contents Introduction.................................................. Introduction.......................................................................................................... ..................................................................... ............. 4 What is PHStat2?.......... PHStat2?................................................................. ................................................................................................ ......................................... 4 What PHStat2 is not ................................................... .................................................. 4 How PHStat2 Presents Its Results................................................ Results............................................................................... ............................... 5 Preparing Preparing Data for Analysis ............................................... ......................................... 5 PHStat2 Commands Commands ....................................................... ......................................................................................................... .................................................. 6 Data Preparation Preparation Menu................................................................................... ............. 6 Stack Data ........................................................ ............................................................................................................... ........................................................... .... 6 UnStack Data ................................................... ....................................................... ........................................................... .... 6 Descriptive Descriptive Statistics Menu............................... Menu...................................................................................... ........................................................... .... 7 Box-and-Whisker Plot ....................................................... ................................................................................................ ......................................... 7 Dot Scale Diagram.................................................... Diagram ...................................................................................................... .................................................. 8 Frequency Distribution ...................................................... ............................................................................................... ......................................... 8 Histogram & Polygons.............................................. .................................................. 9 Stem-and-Leaf Display ...................................................... ............................................................................................. ....................................... 10 One-Way Tables & Charts.................................................................... Charts............ ............................................................................ .................... 11 Two-Way Tables & Charts ................................................ ....................................... 12 Decision-Making Decision-Making Menu ....................................................... .............................................................................................. ....................................... 12 Covariance and Portfolio Analysis ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................... 12 Expected Monetary Value.................................................. Value......................................................................................... ....................................... 13 Expected Opportunity Loss.......................................................... ............................. 13 Opportunity Loss ...................................................... ...................................................................................................... ................................................ 14 Probability Probability & Prob. Distributio Distributions ns Menu Menu ....................................................... .................................................................. ........... 14 Simple & Joint Probabilities ........................................................ ..................................................................................... ............................. 14 Normal ................................................... ........................................................ ................................................................... ........... 14 Normal Probability Plot ..................................................... ............................................................................................ ....................................... 15 Binomial Probabilities ....................................................... .............................................................................................. ....................................... 15 Exponential ...................................................... ............................................................................................................. ......................................................... .. 16 Hypergeometric.................................................................. ....................................... 16 Poisson ................................................... ........................................................ ................................................................... ........... 17 Sampling Menu .................................................. ....................................................... ......................................................... .. 17 Random Sample Generator ................................................ ....................................... 17 Sampling Distributions Simulation........................... ................................................ 18 Confidence Confidence Intervals Menu............................... Menu...................................................................................... ......................................................... .. 19 Estimate for the Mean, sigma known known ............. .................... .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. .......... .... 19 Estimate for the Mean, sigma unknown unknown ............. .................... ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ....... 19 Estimate for the Population Variance ................................................... .................... 20 Estimate for the Proportion.......................................................... Proportion.. ..................................................................................... ............................. 20 Estimate for the Population Total ................................................ ............................. 21 Estimate for the Total Difference ................................................ ............................. 22 Sample Size Menu.......................................................................... Menu.................. ..................................................................................... ............................. 22 Determination for the Mean......................................................... Mean. ..................................................................................... ............................. 22 Determination for the Proportion..................... Proportion............................................................................ ......................................................... .. 23 One-Sample One-Sample Tests Menu ..................................................... ............................................................................................ ....................................... 23 Z Test for the Mean, Mean, sigma sigma known ....................................................... ........................................................................... .................... 23

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 3 t Test for the Mean, sigma unknown .................................................... ........................................................................ .................... 24 Chi-Square Test for the Variance ................................................ ............................. 25 Z Test for the Proportion.............................................................. Proportion.............................................................. ............................. 26 Two-Sample Two-Sample Tests Menu..................................................... Menu ............................................................................................ ....................................... 27 t Test for Differences in Two Means Means .................................................... ........................................................................ .................... 27 Z Test for Differences Differences in Two Means.......................................... ............................. 27 F Test for Differences Differences in Two Variances................................................................ .. 28 Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test .................................................. ....................................... 29 Chi-Square Test for the Differences In Two Proportions.............................. ........... 30 Z Test for Differences Differences in Two Proportions...... Proportions............................................................. ......................................................... .. 31 McNemar Test ................................................. ....................................................... ......................................................... .. 31 Multiple-Sample Multiple-Sample Tests................................................................... Tests........... ..................................................................................... ............................. 32 Chi-Square Test ........................................................ ........................................................................................................ ................................................ 32 Kruskal-Wallis Rank Test..................................................................... Test............. ............................................................................ .................... 33 Levene Test...................................................... Test ............................................................................................................. ......................................................... .. 33 Tukey-Kramer Procedure................................................... ....................................... 33 Control Charts Menu ................................................. ................................................ 34 p Chart.................................. ........................................................ ..................................................................................... ............................. 34 R and XBar Chart...................................................... ................................................ 34 Regression Regression Menu...................................... Menu.............................................................................................. ................................................................... ........... 35 Simple Linear Regression .................................................. ....................................... 35 Multiple Regression .................................................. ................................................ 36 Best Subsets ..................................................... ............................................................................................................ ......................................................... .. 37 Stepwise Regression ................................................. ................................................ 38 Utilities Menu ..................................................... ............................................................................................................ ......................................................... .. 38 Fix Up Chart .................................................... ........................................................................................................... ......................................................... .. 38 Remove Worksheet Cell Tints ..................................................... .................................................................................. ............................. 39

Introduction This guide describes all PHStat2 commands, in order of their appearance in the PHStat menu in Microsoft Excel. For each command, this guide explains how to select the command, provides a summary of what the command does, and presents a sample dialog box. For more detailed information about a PHStat2 command, open the PHStat2 help file (PHStatHelp.hlp ) directly on the Windows desktop or by clicking the Help button in the dialog box for the command. (You can also choose Help for PHStat for the PHStat menu, as is explained in the beginning of the PHStat2 Commands section.) You should also review the PHStat2 readme file on the PHStat2 CD for technical requirements and security considerations of this software and consider visiting the PHStat2 version 2.6 web page on PHStat Web site (www.prenhall.com/phstat ) for any late-breaking information about the software or for further technical assistance.

What is PHStat2? PHStat2 is software that makes operating Microsoft Excel as distraction-free as possible. As a student studying statistics, you can focus solely on mastering statistics now and not worry about having to become an expert user of Excel at the same time. When combined with the Data Analysis ToolPak add-in included with Microsoft Excel, just ab out all statistical methods taught in an introductory statistics course can be illustrated in Microsoft Excel.

What PHStat2 is not PHStat2 is not designed as a commercial statistical package and should not be used as a replacement for packages such as SAS or SPSS. Because PHStat2 emphasizes learning, PHStat2 tries to use the methods of calculation that a learner could easily follow and would find presented in a textbook that discusses manual calculation. In other cases, PHStat2 uses pre-existing Microsoft Excel methods to produce results that are too complex to manually calculate or present to the learner. These choices will occasionally produce results that are not as precise as those produced by commercial packages that rely on methods of calculation which are fine-tuned to the limitations of computing technology. While these differences are not significant for most sets of data, real-world

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 5 data sets with unusual numerical properties or with extreme values could produce significant anomalies when used with PHStat2 and Microsoft Excel.

How PHStat2 Presents Its Results PHStat2 produces new worksheets and chart sheets inserted into the currently active workbook. Cells containing important values and results are highlighted by a light yellow tint and boldface text. These cells and the cells that hold intermediate calculations are usually only minimally numerically formatted. For some procedures, the values in these cells will have an excessive number of seemingly significant digits and you may want to change the numeric formatting for such cells for presentation purposes. Worksheets that contain cells tinted in light turquoise are designed to be interactive and you can change the numeric values of those cells to produce different results without reselecting the PHStat2 command

Preparing Data for Analysis Place your data for analysis by PHStat2 in columns. If you are selecting only part o f a column if a pre-existing worksheet, copy that partial co lumn range to a blank column or worksheet. Generally, you should place your data starting in row 1, using the row 1 cell for a heading label, if desired (this is recommended). No cells inside a column range should be left blank. Due to the limitations of Microsoft Excel, select the worksheet (make it the currently active sheet) containing the data to be analyzed before selecting the PHStat2 procedure that will use the data in order to proper operation. If you forget to do this, you may encounter an error message that refers to an unexpected error or an error in handling a cell range, although PHStat2 procedures that do not use the Data Analysis ToolPak are more forgiving of this than others. For procedures that require two or more cell ranges, such as all of the regression procedures, make sure that all your cell ranges are from the same worksheet.

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 6

PHStat2 Commands When properly installed, PHStat2 displays the PHStat menu shown at right as part of the Microsoft Excel menu bar. Use the Help for PHStat choice at the bottom of the menu to display the PHStat2 help system inside Microsoft Excel. Use the About PHStat choice to determine the actual version of your software (this will be useful when using the PHStat2 web site or seeking technical assistance.) All other menu choices lead to a submenu that contains commands associated with the choice. The rest of this section of the user’s guide presents those (submenu) commands in order of appearance in the menu.

Data Preparation Menu Stack Data

Takes group data that has been arranged in columns and stacks it into two new columns, the first one of which contains the group labels, on a new worksheet. The Unstacked Data Cell Range must be a consecutive multiple-column cell range arranged one column

per group. Use: Select PHStat  Data Preparation  Stack Data.

UnStack Data

Takes grouped data that has been placed in two columns, one of which contains group labels, and unstacks it into a series of columns, one for each group, on a new worksheet.

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 7 The Grouping Variable Cell Range must be single column cell range containing the group labels and the Stacked Data Cell Range must be a single-column cell range containing the data. Use: Select PHStat  Data Preparation  Unstack Data.

Descriptive Statistics Menu Box-and-Whisker Plot

Generates box-and-whisker plots on a new chart sheet from one or more groups of numerical data. Optionally generates a five-number summary on a separate worksheet. This command invisibly uses the Chart Wizard to construct a plot from a hidden worksheet that PHStat2 creates. Use: Select PHStat  Descriptive Statistics  Box-and-Whisker Plot .

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 8 Dot Scale Diagram

Generates a dot scale diagram as a chart object on a new worksheet that also contains the numerical data plotted and a summary table of statistics. Use: Select PHStat  Descriptive Statistics  Dot Scale Diagram .

Frequency Distribution

Generates a table that contains frequency counts and percentage frequency values on a new worksheet. When used with a multiple group option, the frequency table for each group is placed on a separate worksheet. Use: Select PHStat  Descriptive Statistics  Frequency Distribution .

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 9 Histogram & Polygons

Generates a frequency table and a histogram on a new worksheet and optionally generates polygons on separate chart sheets. When used with a multiple group option, the frequency table and histogram for each group is placed on a separate worksheet and the multiple group data are plotted together on the same polygons. Because the command invisibly uses the Data Analysis Histogram procedure, the command uses “bins” and not class groupings to create a frequency table. A bin is a number that specify the maximum value for a class. Bins are entered as an ordered, ascending list of values in a contiguous cell range (the Bins Cell Range ). A bin range containing values 0, 10, 20 would correspond to these three classes: all values less than or equal to 0, values greater than 0 but less than or equal to 10, values greater than 10 but less than or equal to 20. Because the first class will be always open-ended towards negative infinity, this class will never have a true midpoint. Therefore, this command expects that your Midpoints Cell Range will be one cell smaller than your Bins Cell Range and will assign the first

midpoint to the second class. Use: Select PHStat  Descriptive Statistics  Histogram & Polygons .


Stem-and-Leaf Display

Generates a stem-and-leaf display using the rounding method on a new worksheet from a set of numerical data and optionally generates a summary statistics table on the same worksheet. Letting PHStat2 autocalculate the stem unit is recommended but if used, the Set stem unit as value must be a power of ten. Due to the limitations of Microsoft Excel,

this command may produce a plot with inaccurate leaves if the range of the data set is very large or if many significant digits are needed to convey the largest and smallest value. Use: Select PHStat  Descriptive Statistics  Stem-and-Leaf Display .


One-Way Tables & Charts

Generates a one-way summary table (in the form of a Microsoft Excel PivotTable) on a new worksheet for a set of categorical data and optionally generates a bar chart, a pie chart, and a Pareto diagram on separate chart sheets. This command accepts either unsummarized data (Raw Categorical Data option) or a Table of Frequencies in which categories have already been tallied. Use: Select PHStat  Descriptive Statistics One-Way Tables & Chart .

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 12 Two-Way Tables & Charts

Generates a two-way summary table (in the form of a Microsoft Excel PivotTable) on a new worksheet for bivariate categorical data and optionally generates a side-by-side bar chart on a separate chart sheet. Use: Select PHStat  Descriptive Statistics  Two-Way Tables & Chart .

Decision-Making Menu Covariance and Portfolio Analysis

Generates a new worksheet that calculates the covariance of two variables. The new worksheet contains an empty probabilities & outcomes table into which you enter probability and outcome data for each variable to complete the analysis. Command optionally generates a portfolio management analysis of two investments using a weightassigned-to-X value that you can change interactively in the worksheet. Use: Select PHStat  Decision-Making  Covariance and Portfolio Analysis .

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 13 Expected Monetary Value

Generates a new worksheet that calculates expected monetary value from probability and payoff data for the events associated with a set of alternative courses of action. The new worksheet contains an empty probabilities & payoffs table into which you enter probability and payoff data for each combination of event and alternative course of action to complete the analysis. Use: Select PHStat

Decision-Making

Expected Monetary Value .

Expected Opportunity Loss

Generates a new worksheet that calculates expected opportunity losses from probability and opportunity loss data for the events associated with a set of alternative courses of action. The new worksheet contains an empty probabilities & opportunity losses table into which you enter probability and opportunity loss data for each combination of event and alternative course of action to complete the analysis. Use: Select PHStat

Decision-Making

Expected Opportunity Loss .

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 14 Opportunity Loss

Generates a new worksheet that calculates opportunity losses from payoff data for the events associated with a set of alternative courses of action. The new worksheet contains an empty payoff table into which you enter payoff data for each combination of event and alternative course of action to complete the analysis. Use: Select PHStat

Decision-Making

Opportunity Loss .

Probability & Prob. Distributions Menu Simple & Joint Probabilities

Generates a new worksheet that calculates probabilities from a 2 x 2 cross-classification, or contingency, table of outcomes. The new worksheet contains an empty table of outcomes into which you enter data for each event to complete the analysis. Use: Select PHStat  Probability & Prob. Distributions  Simple & Joint Probabilities .

(This command does not use a dialog box.) Normal

Generates a new worksheet that calculates normal probabilities. The new worksheet uses the STANDARDIZE, NORMDIST, NORMSINV, and NORMINV Functions to calculate normal probabilities and related values. Use: Select PHStat  Probability & Prob. Distributions  Normal.


Normal Probability Plot

Generates a normal probability plot on a new chart sheet. This command also generates a worksheet that calculates the Z values for each value plotted. Use: Select PHStat  Probability & Prob. Distributions  Normal Probability Plot.

Binomial Probabilities

Generates a table of binomial probabilities on a new worksheet. If you select Cumulative Probabilities , the binomial table will include additional columns for P(<= X ), P(< X ), P(> X ), and P(>= X ). The new worksheet uses the BINOMDIST Function to calculate

binomial probabilities. Given the limitations of this function, the values in the table should be considered as fair approximations of the actual probability values.

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 16 Use: Select PHStat  Probability & Prob. Distributions  Binomial .

Exponential

Calculates the exponential probability for values less than or equal to a given X value on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the EXPONDIST Function to calculate the exponential probability. Use: Select PHStat  Probability & Prob. Distributions  Exponential .

Hypergeometric

Generates a table of hypergeometric probabilities on a new worksheet.. If you select Cumulative Probabilities , the hypergeometric table will include additional columns for P(<= X ), P(< X ), P(> X ), and P(>= X ). The new worksheet uses the HYPGEOMDIST

Function to calculate hypergeometric probabilities. Use: Select PHStat  Probability & Prob. Distributions  Hypergeometric .


Poisson

Generates a table of Poisson probabilities for 0 to 20 successes per unit (X) on a new worksheet. If you select Cumulative Probabilities , the binomial table will include additional columns for P(<= X ), P(< X ), P(> X ), and P(>= X ). The new worksheet the POISSON Function to calculate Poisson probabilities. Use: Select PHStat  Probability & Prob. Distributions  Poisson .

Sampling Menu Random Sample Generator

Generates a random sample without replacement on a new worksheet. Use: Select PHStat  Sampling  Random Sample Generator .


Sampling Distributions Simulation

Generates a simulated sampling distribution of the mean on a new worksheet. Use: Select PHStat  Sampling  Sampling Distributions Simulation .


Confidence Intervals Menu Estimate for the Mean, sigma known 

Calculates the confidence interval estimate for the mean when sigma is known on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the NORMSINV and CONFIDENCE Functions to determine the Z value and calculate the interval half width, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

Confidence Intervals

Estimate for the Mean, sigma known .

Estimate for the Mean, sigma unknown 

Calculates the confidence interval estimate for the mean when sigma is unknown on a new worksheet. The new worksheet created uses the TINV Function to determine the critical value of the t distribution. Use: Select PHStat unknown.


Estimate for the Mean, sigma


Estimate for the Population Variance

Calculates the confidence interval estimate for the popu lation variance and standard deviation on a new worksheet. Use: Select PHStat


Estimate for the Population

Variance .

Estimate for the Proportion

Calculates the confidence interval estimate for the population proportion on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the NORMSINV Function to determine the Z value.

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 21 Use: Select PHStat


Estimate for the Proportion .

Estimate for the Population Total

Calculates the confidence interval estimate for the popu lation total on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the TINV Function to determine the critical value from the t distribution. Use: Select PHStat


Estimate for the Population Total .

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 22 Estimate for the Total Difference

Calculates the confidence estimate for the total difference on a new worksheet. Use: Select PHStat


Estimate for the Total Difference .

Sample Size Menu Determination for the Mean

Calculates the sample size needed for estimating the population mean on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the NORMSINV Function to determine the Z value and uses the ROUNDUP function to round the result of the sample size calculation up to the next integer. Use: Select PHStat

Sample Size

Determination for the Mean .

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 23 Determination for the Proportion

Calculates the sample size needed for estimating the population proportion on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the NORMSINV Function to determine the Z value and uses the ROUNDUP function to round the result of the sample size calculation up to the next integer. Use: Select PHStat

Sample Size

Determination for the Proportion .

One-Sample Tests Menu Z Test for the Mean, sigma known

Performs the Z test of hypothesis for the mean when sigma is known on a new worksheet.. The new worksheet uses the NORMSINV and NORMSDIST Functions to determine the critical values and p-values, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

One-Sample Tests

Z Test for the Mean, sigma known .


t Test for the Mean, sigma unknown

Performs the t test of hypothesis for the mean when sigma is un known on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the TINV and TDIST Functions to determine the critical values and p-values, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

One-Sample Tests

t Test for the Mean, sigma unknown .


Chi-Square Test for the Variance

Performs the Chi-Square test for the variance on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the CHIINV and CHIDIST functions to determine the critical values and p-values, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

One-Sample Tests

Chi-Square Test for the Variance .


Z Test for the Proportion

Performs the Z test of hypothesis for the proportion on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the NORMSINV and NORMSDIST functions to determine the critical values and p-values, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

One-Sample Tests

Z Test for the Proportion .


Two-Sample Tests Menu t Test for Differences in Two Means

Performs the t test of hypothesis for differences between two means on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the TINV and TDIST functions to determine the critical values and p-values, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

Two-Sample Tests

t Test for Differences in Two Means .

Z Test for Differences in Two Means

Performs the Z test of hypothesis for differences between two means on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the NORMSINV and NORMSDIST functions to determine the critical values and p-values, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

Two-Sample Tests

Z Test for Differences in Two Means .


F Test for Differences in Two Variances

Performs the F test of hypothesis for differences between two variances on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the FINV and FDIST functions to determine the critical values and to calculate the p-value, respectively. Use: Select PHStat Variances .

Two-Sample Tests

F Test for the Differences in Two


Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test

Performs the Wilcoxon rank sum test for differences between two medians on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the COUNTIF and SUMIF functions to determine the sample size and sum of ranks for each population sample and uses the NORMSINV and NORMSDIST functions to determine the critical values and p-values, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

Two-Sample Tests

Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test .


Chi-Square Test for the Differences In Two Proportions

Generates a new worksheet that performs the Chi-square test of h ypothesis for differences between two proportions. The new worksheet contains an empty observed frequencies table into which you enter the observed frequencies to complete the analysis and uses the CHIINV and CHIDIST functions to determine the critical values and pvalue, respectively. Use: Select PHStat Proportions .

Two-Sample Tests

Chi-Square Test for Differences in Two

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 31 Z Test for Differences in Two Proportions

Performs the Z test of hypothesis for differences between two proportions on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the NORMSINV and NORMSDIST functions to determine the critical values and to calculate the p-value, respectively. Use: Select PHStat

Two-Sample Tests

Z Test for the Difference in Two

Proportions .

McNemar Test

Generates a new worksheet that performs the McNemar test of hypothesis for differences between two proportions (related samples). The worksheet generated contains an empty observed frequencies table into which you enter the observed frequencies to complete the analysis. Use: Select PHStat

Two-Sample Tests

McNemar Test .


Multiple-Sample Tests Chi-Square Test

Generates a new worksheet that performs the Chi-square test of h ypothesis for differences in the proportions among multiple independent populations. The new worksheet contains an empty cross-classification, or contingency, table into which you the observed frequencies to complete the analysis. The worksheet created uses the CHIINV and CHIDIST functions to determine the critical values and p-value,

respectively. Use: Select PHStat

Multiple-Sample Tests

Chi-Square Test .

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 33 Kruskal-Wallis Rank Test

Performs the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test of hypothesis for differences between medians from multiple independent sample groups on a new worksheet. The new worksheet uses the CHIINV and CHIDIST functions to determine the critical values and p-values, respectively. Use: Select PHStat


Kruskal-Wallis Rank Test .

Levene Test

Performs the Levene Test for homogeneity of variance for multiple independent sample groups on a new worksheet. Use: Select PHStat


Levene Test.

Tukey-Kramer Procedure

Generates a new worksheet that performs the Tuke y-Kramer procedure to determine which means from multiple independent groups are significantly different. In the new worksheet, you enter a Q statistic value to complete the analysis.



Tukey-Kramer Procedure .

Control Charts Menu p Chart

Generates a p chart on a new chart sheet. This commands also generates two worksheets that contain calculations for the control limits and data for the p chart. Use: Select PHStat

Control Charts

p Chart.

R and XBar Chart

Generates an R chart on a new chart sheet and optionally generates an X chart on a separate chart sheet. This command also generates two worksheets that calculations for the control limits and data for the chart(s).


Control Charts

R and XBar Chart .

Regression Menu Simple Linear Regression

Generates a simple linear regression analysis on a new worksheet. This command enhances and extends the results generated by the Data Analysis Regression tool and will generate four additional sheets if all options are selected.. Use: Select PHStat

Regression

Simple Linear Regression .


Multiple Regression

Generates a simple linear regression analysis on a new worksheet. This command enhances and extends the results generated by the Data Analysis Regression tool. This command can generate many additional sheets, depending on the number of X variables and the options selected. Use: Select PHStat

Regression

Multiple Regression .


Best Subsets

Generates a best subsets multiple regression analysis on a new worksheet. This c ommand also procedure generates additional worksheets, each one containing the results of one of the regression analyses considered. Use: Select PHStat

Regression

Best Subsets.

PHStat2 User’s Guide. Page 38 Stepwise Regression

Generates a stepwise regression analysis on a new worksheet. This command also generates a separate worksheet that contains the multiple regression analysis that uses all of the X variables.. Use: Select PHStat

Regression

Stepwise Regression .

Utilities Menu Fix Up Chart

Modifies a chart, eliminating common errors made by Microsoft Excel in generating the chart. Use: Select PHStat

Utilities

Fix Up Chart.

(This command does not use a dialog box.)

PHStat2 Users Guide

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