PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS OF INDIA «.ASSETS OF INDIA
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA« The geography of India of India describes the physical features of India:(a). THE HIMALA HIMALAY YAN MOUNTAINS (b). THE NORTHERN PLAINS (c). THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU (d). THE INDIAN DESERT (e). THE T HE COAST CO ASTAL AL PLAINS (f). THE ISLANDS
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA« The geography of India of India describes the physical features of India:(a). THE HIMALA HIMALAY YAN MOUNTAINS (b). THE NORTHERN PLAINS (c). THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU (d). THE INDIAN DESERT (e). THE T HE COAST CO ASTAL AL PLAINS (f). THE ISLANDS
A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. The study of mountains is called Orography. A great arc of mountains, consisting of the Himalayas, Hindu Kush, and Patkai ranges define the northern Indian subcontinent. These were formed by the ongoing tectonic collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate that started around 50 million years ago. The mountains in these ranges act as a natural barrier to cold polar winds. They also facilitate the monsoon winds. Rivers originating in these mountains, flow through the fertile Indo±Gangetic plains.
India
has eight major mountain ranges having peaks of over 1,000 m (3,281 ft):
The Himalayan range is considered as the world's highest mountain range, with its tallest peak Mt. Everest on the Nepal²China border. They form India's northeastern border, separating it from northeastern Asia. They are one of the world's youngest mountain ranges The Himalayas extend from Jammu and Kashmir in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east. Kanchenjunga ³on the Sikkim²Nepal border³is the highest point in the area administered by India. Most peaks in the Himalayas remain snowbound throughout the year. The Himalayas act as a barrier to the frigid katabatic winds flowing down from Central Asia. Thus, North India is kept warm or only mildly cooled during winter; in summer, the same phenomenon makes India relatively hot.
The Karakoram is situated in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Patkai, or Purvanchal, are situated near India's eastern border with Myanmar. They were created by the same tectonic processes which led to the formation of the Himalayas. The physical features of the Patkai mountains are conical peaks, steep slopes and deep valleys. The Vindhya range runs across most of central India. They are formed by the wastes created by the weathering of the ancient Aravali mountains. The Satpura Range is triangular in shape, runs parallel to the Vindhya Range. The Aravali Range is the oldest mountain range in India. The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of India's Deccan Plateau and the Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains, which have been eroded by the four major rivers of southern India, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri.
Fold mountains Fold
mountains are the most common type of mountains. They are formed due to collision of two plates, causing folding of the Earth's crust. Examples of fold mountains are the Himalayas of Asia and the Alps in Europe. Fault-Block mountains
fault-block mountains are formed when blocks of rock materials slide along faults in the Earth's crust. There are two types of block mountains, namely the lif ted and tilted. Examples of fault-block mountains are found in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of the western United States. Volcanic mountains
Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic eruptions where magma piles up on the surface of the Earth. Examples of volcanoes include Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. Dome mountains
Dome mountains are formed when the hot magma rises from the mantle and uplifts the overlying sedimentary layer of the Earth's crust. An example of a dome mountain is Navajo Mountain in the U.S. state of Utah. Plateau mountains
Plateau mountains are pseudo mountains that are formed because of erosion. They usually occur near folded mountain ranges. An example of a plateau mountain is the Adirondack Mountains in the U.S. state of New York.
EARTHQUAKE
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
CLOUD BURST
AVALAUNCH HAIL
STORM
What
is a Desert Like?
The hot desert is a land of extremes: extreme heat and extreme dryness; sudden flash floods and cold nights. Deserts are such a harsh environment In
the desert, there may be only a few periods of rains per year with a lot of time between rains.
Dryness Deserts are usually very, very dry. Even the wettest deserts get less than ten inches of precipitation a year. Hot
During the Day, Cool at Night
During the day many deserts are hot, very hot. Temperatures in excess of 100 degrees Fahrenheit are not uncommon. Yet at night, the same deserts can have temperatures fall into the40s or 50s.There are 2 types of deserts ± hot and cold
Where
Are Deserts Located?
Many deserts are found in bands along 30 degrees latitude north and 30 degrees latitude south Some deserts located by mountains and are caused by the "rainshadow" effect.
Flora & Fauna
Deserts are the home to many living things. In fact, deserts are second only to tropical rainforests in the variety of plant (Barrel Cactus , Old Man Cactus , Saguaro ) and animal species (Addax Cactus Wren Desert Larkthat ) live there. Some fauna includes the kangaroo rat, coyote, jack rabbit, and many lizards. Some flora includes shrubs, Prickly Pears, Desert Holly, and the Brittlebush. Most desert plants are drought- drought - or salt- salt -toleran. toleran.
DROUGHTS EARTHQUAKE DUST STORMS TORNADO
A coastal plain is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast and separated from the interior by other features. These are divided into two namely: WESTERN
COASTAL PLAINS EASTERN COASTAL PLAINS
The Eastern Coastal Plains refer to a wide stretch of landmass of India, lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. It stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West Bengal in the north. Its average width is 120 km. The Eastern Coastal Plain is divided into two parts. The northern part is known as the Northern Circars while the southern part is called the Coromandel Coast.
The Western Coastal Plains is a thin strip of coastal plain 50 kilometers (31 mi) in width between the west coast of India and the Western Ghats hills. The plains begin at Gujarat in the north and end at Kerala in the south. It also includes the states of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka. The
Western Coastal Plain is divided into three parts-the Gujarat Coast towards the north the Konkan coast in the middle and the Malabar Coast towards the south.
TSUNAMI
CYCLONE
HIGH TIDES
FLOODS
The P eninsular P lateau of I ndia, is the b iggest p art comp rising the mo st of the area of s ou thern po rti o n of the nati o n. The P lateau stret ch es ov er eight states in I ndia and cov ers a b ro ad v ariety of en v ir on m e nts, en comp assing the m aj or ity of the C entral and So uth I ndian regi on s. I t is lying in the m iddle of three mo untain ranges; the E astern G hats , the W estern G hats and the V indhya and S at p ura Mo untain R anges. The D ec c an P lateau is disse ve red fr om the G angeti c B asin. The P eninsular P lateau c an b e b r oa dly c ateg o rized int o the C entral Hi ghlands and the D e cc an P lateau.
DECCAN PLATEAU
The Deccan Plateau stretches over eight states in India and covers a broad variety of environments, encompassing the majority of the Central and South Indian regions.
Central Highlands
The northern segment of the peninsular cluster is known as the Central Highlands, despite the fact that they are not really so high. It was formed from hard metamorphic and igneous . This is named as the Malwa Plateau. In Southern Bihar, it is known as Chota Nagpur Plateau. The southern tributaries of the Ganga River and Yamuna River drain the plateau
EAR T HQUAKE VOLCANIC ERUP T IONS
AN ISLAND IS ANY PIECE OF SUBCONTINENTAL LAND THAT IS SURROUNDED BY WATER
There are two main types of islands:
contin ental
islands
oc eanic
islands
Oceanic islands are ones that do not sit on continental shelves. The vast majority are volcanic in origin
Continental islands are bodies of land that lie on the continental shelf of a continent
. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS LAKSHADWEEP ISLANDS OF THE CAUVERY RIVER CHORAO, GOA DIU MINICOY ISLAND (DISPUTED WITH THE MALDIVES) ISLANDS OF MUMBAI HARBOUR RAMESWARAM
VOLCANIC ERUTION TSUNAMI CYCLONE FLOODS TORNADO
The great p lains are c lassi f ied int o fo ur di vi si o ns:
The B ha ba r b elt is adja c ent t o the foo thills of the H i m alayas.
The Terai b elt lies s ou th of the adja c ent B ha ba r regi on .
The B angar b elt co nsists of o lder allu vi u m.
The K hadar b elt lies in l ow land areas a f ter the B angar b elt.
DIVISIONS
Some geographers subdivide the Indo-Gangetic Plain into several parts: the Indus Valley, the Punjab Plain, the Haryana Plains, and the middle and lower Ganges.
TWISTERS EARTHQUAKE DROUGHTS FLOODS THUNDERSTORMS
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
Disaster is defined as the occurrence of a sudden or major misfortune, which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of a society (community). It is commonly believed that disasters have an increased negative impact on people with severe mental illness. People with psychiatric disorders and severe mood disorders are more vulnerable and less able than others to cope effectively with disaster related stressors. However, this may not always be the case, particularly for those who are in treatment. Several studies have shown that people with severe psychiatric disorders, whether hospitalized or outpatient, are not necessarily prone to greater distress following a disaster.
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