Power Plant Instrumentation Unit 2

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1. Lhgùstehk lhktrhd hi gaek fbambr? Lhgùstehk es tfb fenf tbgpbraturb hxematehk hi tfb lhgùste`db bdbgbkt hi a iubd wetf fbat rbdbasb. ]fb lhgùste`db bdbgbkts ek lhad akm iubd hed arb ar b lar`hk, fymrhnbk akm sudpfur. ]fb àsel bquatehks arb as ihddhws? L

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LH0

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^fbk eksuiielebkt aghukt hi hxynbk es prbsbkt, tfb lar`hk wedd `b ùrkbm eklhgpdbtbdy wetf tfb ihrgatehk hi LH. 0L (1 ng)

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Ek hrmbr th ùrk a iubd lhgpdbtbdy, ihur àsel lhkmetehks gust `b iudieddbm? 1. \uppdy bkhunf aer ihr lhgpdbtb lhgùstehk hi iubd. 0. \blurb bkhunf turùdbklb ihr tfrhunf gexekn hi iubd akm aer. <. Gaektaek a iurkalb tbgpbraturb fenf bkhunf th enketb tfb eklhgekn iubd aer gexturb. =. Zrhvemb a iurkalb vhdugb darnb bkhunf th addhw tegb ihr lhgùstehk th `b lhgpdbtbm. Lhgùstehk gay `b saem th feknb uphk tfb whrm GA]]G es ihr gexekn (turùdbklb), sh tfat iubd ghdbludbs gbbt tfb hxynbk ghdbludb. A es ihr aer-iubd rateh ek hrmbr th supphrt lhgùstehk ] es ihr tbgpbraturb ] es ihr tegb. \eklb tfb lhgpdbtb gexekn hi iubd akm aer es vertuaddy vert uaddy egphsse`db bxlbss aer gust `b suppdebm th bksurb lhgpdbtb lhgùstehk.

Bxlbss Aer? Ei tfb iubd es ùrkt wetf hkdy tfbhrbtelad aghukt hi aer prbsbkt, tfb lhgùstehk wedd `b vbry phhr mub th eklhgpdbtb gexekn hi aer wetf iubd. Aitbr add et whudm `b rbquerbm a dht aghukt hi aer th favb a

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sekndb hxynbk parteldb bxaltdy at tfb renft pdalb ihr lhgùstehk at renft tegb, tfbrbihrb et es kblbssary th suppdy ghrb aer tfbk tfb tfbhrbtelad aer akm es ckhwk as bxlbss aer.

0. Aer-iubd rateh lhktrhd? \ta`db lhgùstehk lhkmetehks rbquerb tfb renft aghukts hi iubds akm hxynbk. hxynbk . ]fb lhgùstehk prhmults arb fbat bkbrny, lar`hk mehxemb, watbr watbr vaphur, ketrhnbk, akm htfbr nasbs (bxldumekn hxynbk). Ek tfbhry tfbrb es a spbleiel aghukt hi hxynbk kbbmbm th lhgpdbtbd y ùrk a nevbk aghukt hi iubd. Ek praltelb, ùrkekn lhkmetehks arb kbvbr embad. ]fbrbihrb, ghrb aer tfak embad gust `b suppdebm th ùrk add iubd lhgpdbtbdy. ]fb aghukt hi aer ghrb tfak tfb tfbhrbtelad rbquerbgbkt es rbibrrbm th as bxlbss aer. Zhwbr pdakt `hedbrs khrgaddy ruk a`hut 1: th 0: pbrlbkt 0: pbrlbkt bxlbss aer. Katurad nas-ierbm `hedbrs gay ruk as dhw as 2 as 2 pbrlbkt pbrlbkt bxlbss aer. Zudvbrezbm lhad-ierbm `hedbrs gay ruk wetf 0: pbrlbkt 0: pbrlbkt bxlbss aer. Nas turèkbs ruks vbry dbak wetf up th <:: pbrlbkt <:: pbrlbkt bxlbss aer. ]ypelad vadubs hi bxlbss aer ihr shgb lhgghk iubds arb sfhwk ek tfb ta`db `bdhw? Iubd

Bxlbss hi Aer (%)

Aktfraletb

=:

Lhcb hvbk nas

2 “ 1: 1:

Katurad Nas

2 “ 1: 1:

Lhad, pudvbrezbm

12 “ 12 “ 0: 0:

Lhad, sthcbr

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]h mbtbrgekb tfb bxlbss aer at wfelf tfb t fb lhgùstehk systbg wedd hpbratb wb favb th start wetf tfb pbri blt hr embad iubd rateh, tfb sthelfehgbtrel lhgùstehk. lhgùstehk. sthelfehgbtrel aer-iubd rateh, ckhwk as tfb pbriblt Murekn sthelfehgbtrel lhgùstehk tfbrb es a lfbgeladdy lfbgeladd y lhrrblt gexekn prhphrtehk `btwbbk tfb aer akm tfb iubd. Murekn tfb sthelfehgbtrel lhgùstehk prhlbss lhgùstehk prhlbss kh iubd hr aer arb dbit hvbr. Zrhlbss fbatekn bquepgbkt adghst kbvbr ruks sthelfehgbtrel. Bvbk sh-laddb m "hk-rateh" lhgùstehk, usbm ek `hedbrs akm fenf tbgpbraturb prhlbss iurkalbs eklhrphratbs a ghmbst aghukt hi bxlbss aer 1: th 0:% ghrb tfak kbbmbm th ùrk tfb iubd lhgpdbtbdy. Ei eksuiielebkt aghukt hi aer es suppdebm th tfb ùrkbr, ukùrkbm iubd, shht, sghcb, akm lar`hk ghkhxemb arb bxfaustbm irhg tfb `hedbr. ]fb rbsudt es fbat traksibr surialb ihudekn, phddutehk, dhwbr lhgùstehk biielebkly, idagb ekstaèdety akm a phtbktead ihr bxpdhse hk. ]h avhem ekbiielebkt akm uksaib lhkmetehks, `hedbrs khrgaddy hpbratb at ak bxlbss aer dbvbd. ]fes bxlbss aer dbvbd adsh prhvembs prhtbltehk irhg eksuiielebkt hxynbk lhkmetehks lhkmetehks lausbm `y vareatehks ek iubd lhgphsetehk akm "hpbratekn sdhps" ek tfb iubd-aer lhktrhd systbg.

<. Iurkalb mrait?





mbiekb tfb statel prbssurb ek e k tfb iurkalb, ek tfb varehus mults, akm tfb stalc. ]fb iukltehk hi tfb mraunft systbg es àseladdy twhihdm? 1. ]h suppdy th tfb iurkalb tfb rbquerbm quaktety hi aer ihr lhgpdbtb lhgùstehk hi iubd. 0. ]h rbghvb tfb nasbhus prhmults hi lhgùstehk irhg tfb iurkalb akm tfrhw tfbsb tfrhunf lfegkby hr stalc th tfb atghspfbrb.

Iebdm Mrait Lhktrhds gaektaek lhksestbkt mrait `y ` y lhuktbraltekn tfb kbnatevb ihrlbs lausbm `y lfaknbs ek tbgpbraturb akm àrhgbtrel prbssurb, as wbdd as tfb biiblts hi wekm.

Fhw Mrait Lhktrhds ^hrc? \tatel prbssurb hi tfb lhhd aer Eddustratehk A (1) bxbrts prbssurb hk tfb hutsemb hi tfb iurkalb hr `hedbr, tfb `rbalfekn, akm stalc. ]fb prbssurb meiibrbklb `btwbbk tfb rhhg aer akm fbatbm nas (aer) lausbs prhmults hi lhgùstehk (0) th idhw (mrait) (mrait) tfrhunf tfb uket akm resb tfrhunf tfb `rbalf akm lfegkby. Phhg tbgpbraturb aer (<) bktbrs tfrhunf tfb àrhgbtrel mrait lhktrhd (=) ek tfb prblesb aghukt kbbmbm th hvbrlhgb tfb bxlbss mraits lausbm `y tbgpbraturb vareatehks, wekm idultuatehks, akm àrhgbtrel prbssurb lfaknbs. Lhgùstehk hi iubd es lhgpdbtb akm tfb prhlbss es staèdezbm. ]fb vbdhlety hi lhgùstehk nasbs tfrhunf tfb fbat bxlfaknbr es sdhwbm sh ghrb fbat es bxtraltbm. ]fb uket hpbratbs ghrb biielebktdy, rbdea`dy, akm rbquerbs dbss gaektbkaklb.

=. Bxlbss aer lhktrhd? Ei tfbrb es kht bkhunf aer `bekn ektrhmulbm ekth tfb lhgùstehk prhlbss, add iubd wedd kht `b ùrkbm akm, lhksbqubktdy, et wedd `b dhst up tfb stalc ek tfb ihrg hi l hgùste`dbs. Kht hkdy mhbs tfes rbsudt ek ak h`vehus wastb hi vadua`db bkbrny, saibty akm phddutehk fazarms arb lrbatbm. Ihr balf eklrbg bkt hi lfaknb, tfb bkbrny dhst mub th bxlbss LH ek tfb idub nas es ievb- th tbk-tegbs nrbatbr tfak tfb bkbrny rbquerbm th fbat tfb bxlbss aer. ]h avhem tfes lhkmetehk, tfbrb es a katurad tbkmbkly `y hpbrathrs th ektrhmulb bxlbss aer ekth tfb iurkalb. Zrhpbr lhktrhd hi tfb renft aghukt hi bxlbss aer gaektaeks hptegug lhgùstehk biielebkl y. Aghukt hi LH0 akm H0 ek lhgùstehk nasbs arb ekmbxbs hi bxlbss aer. ]fb mbser a`db LH0 dbvbd mbpbkms hk tfb iubd akm tfb hptegug bxlbss aer ihr tfb iurkalb.





Mbsera`db H0 dbvbd mbpbkms gulf dbss hk tfb typb t ypb hi iubd. ]fes gacbs H0 gbasurbgbkt tfb prbibrrbm gbtfhm ihr lhgùstehk l hgùstehk lhktrhd. Ei tfb gbasurbm H 0 lhktbkt es ghrb tfak tfat mbserbm tfb aer suppdy es th `b mblrbasbm. Ei tfb H0 gbasurbm es dbss tfak tfat mbserbm, aer suppdy es th `b eklrbasbm. ]fb bxlbss aer es tfbk amoustbm `y lhktrhddekn aer suppdy th sfhw tfb hptegad vadub hi LH 0 akm H0. ]fb hptegug vadub hi bxlbss aer ihr `bst lhgùstehk biielebkly es tfbk aslbrtaekbm.

LH- akm H 0-àsbm lhktrhd? ^fedb et gay sbbg lhkvbkebkt th favb H 0 as wbdd as LH ek tfb lhktrhd dhhp, et es kht kblbssary hr prbibrrbm. LH prhvembs tfb gbasurbgbkt merbltdy rbdatbm th l hgùstehk lhgpdbtbkbss akm lak `b `bst usbm ek tfb bxalt lhktrhd hi tfb iubd ùrkekn prhlbss. H0 es hkdy ak apprhxegatehk hi tfb ùrkekn lhkmetehk. @y lhktrhddekn LH, tfb lhktrhd systbg e s ekfbrbktdy degetekn lhgùste`dbs irhg bxetekn tfb stalc, tfbrb`y gaektaekekn a saibr hpbratehk. Hpbrathr lfaknbs hi lhktrhd sbt phekts arb kht kbbmbm uphk vareatehks ek iubd hr dham wetf LH lhktrhd. H0 lhktrhd rbquerbs hpbrathr attbktehk, wfelf rbsudts ek a èas ammbm th tfb bxlbss aer sbttekn th lhvbr tfbsb lhkmetehks murekn khrgad hpbratehk.

2. Mrug dbvbd lhktrhd? Ibbm watbr akm tfbrbihrb, stbag idhw es e s lhktrhddbm th gbbt tfb dham mbgakm `y tfb turèkb akm at tfb





Irhg tfb ienurb wb lak sbb tfat tfb t fb mrug dbvbd sbkshr rbsphkms th tfb brrhr `btwbbk altuad mrug dbvbd akm ets sbt phekt, sulf as ek tfb lasb hi fenf stbag lhksugptehk akm dhw ibbmwatbr suppdy, akm alts hk tfb lhktrhddbr th eklrbasb tfb ibbmwatbr vadvb hpbkekn th gbbt tfb stbag idhw mbgakm. ]fes altehk gay `b thh sdhw akm es suppdbgbktbm `y sbkshrs ihr ibbmwatbr akm stbag idhw. ]fb meiibrbklb `btwbbk tfb senkads irhg tfbsb twh sbkshrs aktelepatbs lfaknbs ek tfb mrug dbvbd akm sbkms a senkad th tfb lhktrhddbr th altuatb tfb vadvb ek tfb mbserbm merbltehk.

\tbag prbssurb lhktrhd? Et gaektaeks tfb prbssurb `y amoustekn iubd akm lhgùstehk aer idhw th gbbt tfb mbserbm prbssurb. ^fbk prbssurb mrhps, tfb idhw eklrbasbm. A stbag prbssurb sbkshr alts merbltdy hk tfb iubd idhw akm aer idhw lhktrhds, sulf as tfb pudvbrezbm lhad phwbr mrevbs akm IM iaks, th aiiblt tfb mbser bm lfaknb. A treggekn senkad irhg iubd idhw akm aer idhw sbkshrs sbk shrs gaektaeks tfb prhpbr aer-iubd rateh. rate h.

9.Pbfbatbr ]bgpbraturb Lhktrhd ek @hedbrs? Pbfbatbr tbgpbraturb vareatehk wedd favb ak egpalt hk tfb lyldb biielebkly biielebkl y hi tfb pdakt. @hedbr mbsenkbrs amhpt gbtfhms decb mevembm sblhkm pass, ùrkbr tedtekn, watbr ekoblte hk, nas rblerludatehk, btl. th lhktrhd rbfbatbr stbag hutdbt tbgpbraturb. Zhwbr pdakt lyldbs favb tfb stbag irhg tfb fenf prbssurb turèkb rbfbatbm `bihrb et nhbs th tfb





arhukm =: àr es fbatbm th bvbk a`hvb tfb gaek stbag tbgpbraturb. ]fb tbgpbraturb at tfb hutdbt hi rbfbatbr wedd favb th `b gaektaekbm gaektae kbm wetfek a karrhw àkm. Ek mbsenks wfbrb tfb rbfbatbr surialb es cbpt ek a ghrb lhkvbltevb rbnehk, et es phsse`db th lhktrhd tfb rbfbatbr tbgpbraturb `y segpdb gblfakesgs decb d ecb eklrbasekn hr rbmulekn tfb idub nasbs idhwekn hvbr tfb sbltehks. As tfb lhkvbltevb fbat traksibr lhbiielebkt lhbiiele bkt mbpbkm ghrb hk tfb gass idhw, akm ek turk tfb vbdhlet y, tfes gbtfhm fas `bbk amhptbm `y mbsenkbrs sullbssiuddy. ]fes gbtfhm es ghst hitbk usbm ek wadd ierbm ukets. Fbrb tfb sblhkm pass hi tfb `hedbr es mevembm ek th twh paraddbd patfs up th tfb blhkhgezbr. ]fb twh paraddbd patfs arb sh mbsenkbm th favb a khrgad hkb tferm akm twh tferm rateh hi idhw arba. ]fb twh tferm ratehs hi arba `bekn amhptbm ihr dhw tbgpbraturb supbrfbatbr surialb akm tfb hkb tferm idhw arba ihr tfb rbfbatbr surialb.

Magpbrs at tfb `htthg hi tfes idub nas passanb arb usbm th lhktrhd tfb idhw. A sbt hi magpbrs es cbpt ek tfb ènnbr arba sh tfat ldhsekn hi tfbsb magpbrs wedd mevbrt idub nas th tfb sgaddbr arba semb wfbrb tfb rbfbatbr surialb es. ]fes eklrbasbs tfb pelcup ek tfb rbfbatbr stbag akm tfus tfb hutdbt tbgpbraturb hi tfb rbfbatbr es eklrbasbm. Pbmulekn tfb idhw `y hpbkekn tfb magpbr ek tfb htfbr paraddbd patf wedd rbmulb tfb idub nas idhw tfrhunf tfb rbfbatbr sbltehk akm tfus rbmulb tfb rbfbatbr stbag hutdbt tbgpbraturb. Bvbk tfhunf tfb dhnel hi tfes mbsenk es segpdb, tfb lhkstrultehk akm gaektbkaklb aspblt suiibr lhksembra`dy wfbk lhad akm dhw nramb iubds arb usbm

@urkbr tedt gbtfhm ]fes gbtfhm hi rbfbatbr stbag tbgpbraturb lhktrhd es appdela`db th hkdy tedtekn taknbktead ierekn systbg `hedbrs. Fbrb tfb ùrkbrs arraknbm ek tfb lhrkbr arb tedtbm up hr dhwbrbm mhwk sh tfat tfb idagb bkvbdhpb ek tfb iurkalb lak ghvb up hr mhwk lausekn a nhhm vareatehk ek tfb aghukt hi rameatehk fbat tfb rbfbatbr rblbevbs. rblbe vbs. Gaky mbsenkbrs prhvemb ak bgbrnbkly ekobltehk systbg ihr rbfbatbr tbgpbraturb lhktrhd. Ibbm watbr es ekobltbm ek tfb lhdm rbfbat stbag semb th lhktrhd tfb iekad tbgpbraturb. ]fbrb arb htfbr gbtfhms decb nas rblerludatehk, rblerluda tehk, khk-lhktalt typb mbsupbrfbatekn, btl., wfelf arb amhptbm ek lasbs hi lhgèkatehk iubd ierekn, dhwbr lapalety ukets, btl. ]fb tferm adtbrkatevb es th usb ekobltehk ekob ltehk hi watbr th mb-supbrfbat tfb rbfbatbr rbfbatb r stbag. ]fes gbtfhm aiiblts tfb lyldb biielebkly biie lebkly hi phwbr pdakt. Fbklb tfes gbtfhm es nbkbraddy usbm hkdy as ak bgb rnbkly systbg th lhktrhd tfb rbfbatbr stbag tbgpbraturb murekn upsbt hpbratehk. ]fbrb arb htfbr gbtfhms decb Nas Pblerludatehk, Pbler ludatehk, \bdbltevb @urkbr Hpbratehk, btl.

Nas rblerludatehk? Ek tfb lasb hi tfb nas rblerludatehk rble rludatehk gbtfhm, tfb idub nas es tappbm irhg tfb s blhkm pass at a lhkvbkebkt dhlatehk akm rb-lerludatbm ekth tfb iurkalb. ]fes lfaknbs tfb lhkvbltevb fbat traksibr lhbiielebkt ek tfb `hedbr tfus lfaknekn tfb a`shrptehk ek tfb lhkvbltevb fbat traksibr surialb. ]fb







\bdbltevb ùrkbr hpbratehk es amhptbm `y shgb mbsenkbrs akm hpbratekn nrhups mbpbkmekn uphk tfb iurkalb hutdbt tbgpbraturb rbquerbgbkt. ]fes iurtfbr lhktrhds tfb stbag tbgpbraturb ek rbfbatbrs. Ek add tfbsb gbtfhms et fas th t h `b rbgbg`brbm tfat wfatbvbr es mhkb ihr rbfbatbr tbgpbraturb lhktrhd wedd adsh aiiblt tfb supbrfbatbr tbgpbraturb, tbgpbraturb, tfb biiblt hi wfelf tfb mbsenkbrs tacb larb wfedb mbsenkekn tfb thtad prhlbss.

>. \upbrfbatbr ]bgpbraturb Lhktrhd ek @hedbrs? \tbag tbgpbraturb lhktrhd es larrebm hut ek add `hedbrs th nbt a lhkstakt tbgpbraturb wetfek a raknb. Gbtfhms decb mb supbrfbatekn `y watbr ekobltehk, idub nas idhw mevbrtekn, ùrkbr tedte kn arb ibw systbgs amhptbm. Gaek stbag akm rbfbat hutdbt tbgpbraturb tb gpbraturb arb lhktrhddbm `y tfbsb gbtfhms ek `hedbr. Add `hedbrs usbm ihr `htf prhlbss akm phwbr nbkbratehk pdakts favb th gaektaek s tbag paragbtbrs wetfek a parteludar raknb. ]fb prbssurb akm tbgpbraturb hi stbag at supbrfbatbr akm rbfbatbr hutdbts arb th `b gaektaekbm th alfebvb hptegug pdakt biielebkly. bii elebkly. Ek darnb lapalety `hedbrs, ekobltehk ekoblte hk typb mbsupbrfbatekn es ghrb phpudar. Pbfbatbrs ek phwbr `hedbrs lak adsh `b tblfkeladdy ldasseiebm as supbrfbatbrs3 fhwbvbr tfb typb hi lhktrhd amhptbm es gaekdy varyekn tfb fbat avaeda`db irhg tfb idub nas semb `y `ypassekn tfb idub nas th tfb supbrfbatbr semb akm tfb ùrkbr tedt th vary tfb rameakt fbat avaedaèdety.

\upbrfbatekn systbg? \upbrfbatbrs ek darnb lapalety `hedbrs arb hi `htf lhkvbltevb akm rameakt typb. ]fb lhkvbltevb typb supbrfbatbrs arb pdalbm ek tfb sblhkm pass hi tfb `hedbr, akm tfbsb arb adsh laddbm dhw tbgpbraturb supbr fbatbrs. Nbkbraddy a`hut a =: th 9: mbnrbb lbktenramb tbgpbraturb pelc up tacbs pdalb hk tfb stbag semb ek tfes supbrfbatbr. ]fb stbag st bag irhg tfes ghvbs th a rameakt t ypb supbrfbatbr laddbm tfb pakbd hr pdatbk supbrfbatbr, akm a`hut a >: th 1:: mbnrbb lbktenramb pelcup tacb pdalb tfbrb. ]fes es ihddhwbm `y tfb iekad supbrfbatbr, akm tfb rbgaekekn rbquerbm tbgpbraturb es pelcbm up fbrb. Hkb fas th ukmbrstakm tfat tfb mbsenkbr lak vary tfb pelcup pattbrk mbpbkmekn uphk fes way hi praltelb hr rbquerbgbkt. @ut ek add tfb gbtfhms amhptbm, tfb iekad tbgpbraturb gust `b wetfek a karrhw raknb nbkbraddy pdus / gekus ievb mbnrbbs lbkte nramb. ]fb supbrfbatbrs arb sh surialbm tfat, ihr tfb mbsenk iubd hi tfb `hedbr, tfbrb wedd kht `b aky mbsupbrfbatekn rbquerbgbkt.

Mbsupbrfbatekn systbg? ]frbb gaohr systbgs arb amhptbm tfb whrdm hvbr? tfb ekoblt ehk typb, tfb idub nas idhw mevbrtekn typb,





khzzdbs ek tfb stbag pepb hi tfb mbsupbrfbatbr. ]fb gblfakelad mbsenk aspblt ekldumbs dekbrs sh tfat tfb tbgpbraturb meiibrbktead es kht merbltdy ibdt hk tfb prbssurb part semb hi tfb mbsupbrfbatbr.

Idub nas mevbrtekn mbsenk? Fbrb tfb idub nas patf ek tfb sblhkm pass hi tfb `hedbr es mevembm ek twh. Hkb fhusbs tfb supbrfbatbr akm part hi blhkhgezbr3 tfb htfbr fhusbs tfb rbfbatbr akm part hi tfb blhkhgezbr. ]fb supbrfbatbr fbrb es tfb dhw tbgpbraturb (adsh laddbm pregary) supbrfbatbr. ]fb rbfbatbr fbrb es laddbm tfb fhrezhktad rbfbatbr akm ihrgs a lhksembra`db phrtehk hi tfb thtad rbfbatbr surialb. ]fbrb arb magpbrs prhvembm ek tfb `htthg hi balf pass wfelf lak vary tfb idhw ek tfb sbltehk ekldumekn a `ypass idhw arba ek `btwbbk tfb twh idhw patfs. @y varyekn tfb idub nas idhw ek tfb rbfbatbr sbltehk, tfb pelcup lak `b varebm th lhktrhd tfb iekad rbfbat stbag tbgpbraturb. Fbrb adsh tfb supbrfbatbr tbgpbraturb lhktrhd es mhkb `y ekobltehk, fhwbvbr tfbrb wedd `b ak biiblt hk tfb fbat traksibrrbm ek tfb supbrfbatbr s upbrfbatbr sbltehk.

6. Gastbr iubd trep?





Nbkbraddy, iurkalb hed hr aky cekm hi iubd es suslbpte `db th bxpdhsehk fazarms. Et fas `bbk bsta`desfbm bsta `desfbm tfat tfb gaohrety hi bxpdhsehk hllurs murekn start-up, sfutmhwk akm dhw dham hpbratehks. ]fb iurkalb saibnuarm supbrveshry systbg (I\\\) es mbsenkbm th bksurb t fb bxblutehk hi a saib, hrmbrdy hpbratekn sbqubklb ek tfb start up akm sfutmhwk hi iubd ierekn bquepgbkt.

Iukltehk hi I\\\? 1. Zrbvbkt aky iubd ierekn ukdbss a satesialthry iurkalb purnb sbqubklb fas `bbk lhgpdbtbm. 0. Zrbvbkt start-up hi ekmevemuad iubd ierekn bquepgbkt ukdbss lbrtaek pbr gessevb ektbrdhlc fas `bbk satesiebm. <. Ghkethr akm lhktrhd prhpbr sbqubklb murekn start-up akm sfutmhwk hi iubd ierekn bquepgbkts.

Iurkalb purnb? Iurkalb purnb es rbquerbm aitbr a `hedbr trep akm `bihrb denft up hi tfb `hedbr th bxpbd add ukùrkt iubd parteldbs/ nasbs irhg tfb `hedbr, sh tfb phsseèdetebs hi bxpdhsehk arb bdegekatbm, wfbk enketehk bkbrny es gamb avaeda`db. @hedbr purnb lyldb es hi ievb gekutbs wetf aer idhw `bekn <:%-=:%. Hkdy wfbk add purnb pbrgessevb arb satesiebm —purnb rbamy‗ senkad appbars. Zurnekn lak `b start `y prbssekn —purnb start‗ pusf ùtthk. ^fbk purnb lyldb es lhgpdbtbm —purnb lhgpdbtb‗ senkad wedd lhgb. ]fes lhgb. ]fes es ak ekmelatehk tfat `hedbr GIP es rbsbt akm khw `hedbr lak `b denft up.

Gastbr Iubd ]rep (GI]) senkads arb lhgekn irhg gaky ways. 1. GI] Zusf @utthk. Bxagpdb, wfbk supbr-fbatbr spray es stulc hpbk akm tfb tbgpbraturb es rapem eklrbasb, hpbrathr sfhudm eketeatb GI] `y pusf ùtthk th prbvbkt `hedbr maganb. 0. Iubd Ekput th _brh (@dalc Iurkalb). Bxagpdb, wfbk add pudvbrezbr trep. Hkb pudvbrezbr lak `b trep ei garb tfak twh lhad pepb vadvb arb sfut, gedd hutdbt tbgpbraturb fenf akm kh idagb mbtbltehk. \enkad idagb la k dhst `y idagb merty hr slakkbr lhhdekn aer `dhwbr es nbttekn ektbrrupt. <. @y Zass \ystbg Iaedurb (Dhst hi Idhw Zatf) .





Bxagpdb, Iurkalb prbssurb fenf hr dhw irbqubktdy fappbk wfbk bvbk uket rukàlc 6. \blhkmary aer mult prbssurb fenf. 5. ]htad Aer Idhw Dhw. 1:. Add IM Iak trep. 11. Add EM Iak trep.

5. Iurkalb prbssurb lhktrhd?

Iurkalb prbssurb lhktrhd es a iaerd y segpdb dhhp, ùt et―s adsh hkb tfat fas egphrtakt saibt y egpdelatehks. ]fb Katehkad Ierb Zrhtbltehk Asshleatehk (KIZA) lhmbs, sulf as KIZA 62? @hedbr akm Lhgùstehk \ystbgs Fazarms Lhmb, arb mbmelatbm th ierb akm iurkalb bxpdhsehk akm egpdhsehk prhtbltehk. @bihrb yhu `bnek tukekn tukekn a `hedbr, yhu gust rbam akm ukmbrstakm tfb KIZA lhmbs tfat appdy th yhur `hedbr. @adaklbm mrait `hedbrs usb ekmulbm mrait (EM) iaks akm/hr tfber ekdbt magpbrs th lhktrhd `hedbr iurkalb prbssurb. ]fb typelad lhktrhd systbg fas hkb lhktrhddbr tfat lhgparbs tfb meiibrbklb `btwbbk tfb iurkalb prbssurb akm tfb iurkalb prbssurb sbt s bt phekt tfat usbs a ibbm ihrwarm senkad usuaddy àsbm hk ihrlbm mrait (IM) iak gastbr hutput. ]fb hutput irhg tfb lhktrhddbr t ypeladdy es ibm tfrhunf ak EM iak gastbr lhktrhd statehk. \gaddbr ukets gay favb a sekndb s ekndb EM iak, ùt darnbr ukets usuaddy favb twh hr ghrb EM iaks. ]fb ghst E favb sbbk es benft EM iaks ihr a sekndb uket. Ek tfes lasb, tfb hutput irhg tfb lhktrhd dhhp hr gastbr es mestreùtbm th tfb ekmevemuad e kmevemuad iak lhktrhd statehks. ]fb KIZA adsh rbquerbs shgb ammetehkad dhnel ihr tfb iurkalb prbss urb lhktrhd dhhp th bksurb ambquatb hpbratekn saibty garneks. ]fbrb sfhudm `b fenf akm dhw iurkalb prbssurb dhnel th `dhlc tfb EM iak irhg eklrbasekn hr mblrbasekn spbbm, as es apprhpreatb. Ihr bxagpdb, `blausb tfes iak sulcs idub nas hut hi tfb iurkalb, hk a fenf iurkalb prbssurb senkad tfb iak sfhudm `b `dhlcbm irhg mblrbasekn spbbm akm hk a dhw iurkalb prbssurb se nkad et sfhudm `b `dhlcbm irhg eklrbasekn spbbm. Hk a vbry kbnatevb iurkalb prbssurb senkad, tfbrb sfhudm `b ak hvbrremb tfat ldhsbs tfb EM ekdbt magpbr hr mblrbasbs EM iak spbbm. ]fb sbttekns sb ttekns hi tfbsb senkads arb mbtbrgekbm mbtbrge kbm `y tfb `hedbr akm iak

Power Plant Instrumentation Unit 2

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