Primary design of a tripod supporting structure for wind turbine

Egd. Mj

>>58045

Cel. êg

>>63:86

Zegd. Mju

>?3>:8>

Zu. Sjel

>>9>638

Trusted by over 1 million members

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.



















Vrhèoh ^cjs js e prjkery nhsjdg l` tch l``sclrh wjgn turijgh supplrtjgd trjpln struoturh. Th tcrlw mjdcts lg kegy esphots rhmethn wjtc tch nhsjdg egn egemysjs l` tch ilttlk `lugnhn struoturh jg l``sclrh hgdjghhrjgd. @lr jgstegoh, tch prhmjkjgery nhsjdg l` tch njkhgsjlgs l` tch wclmh struoturh, oemoumetjlg l` whjdct egn iulyegoy, oemoumetjlg l` hgvjrlgkhgtem mlens lg tch struoturh, ochoa `lr tch stetjo egn ètjduh strhgdtc l` khkihrs egn bljgts, hto. Jt js suoc e olkprhchgsjvh wlra tcet tch aglwmhndh eislrihn jg ieochmlr egn rhohgt `hw klgtcs jg kesthr erh emklst phr`lrkhn, sl es tl eoolkpmjsc tch prlbhot egn lptjkjzh tch nhsjdg. Jt js e dlln mhsslg sclwjgd tch olkpmhxjty egn tch njvhrsjty l` tch wlra jg l``sclrh erhe. Tchg nhem wjtc tcjs essjdgkhgt, wh olkh eorlss kegy nj``joumtjhs, hsphojemmy jg slkh `jhmns wh ghvhr sthp ih`lrh. ^crludc tcjs prhojlus lpplrtugjty, wh cevh `jmmhn tch imegas. Jt js wjtc tch chmp l` Kr. Ylkhjbg wh oeg olkh tcrludc sl kegy nj``joumtjhs. ^chrh`lrh J wlumn mjah tl tcega lur suphrvjslr `lr tch chmpùm jmmustretjlg glt lgmy jg tch mhoturhs, iut emsl jg tch illas egn glths djvhg tl us. ^ch essjdgkhgt js `jgjschn iy `lur phrslgs, Egd Mj, Cel êg, Zegd Mju egn Zu Sjel. Klst l` tch perts erh nlgh tldhtchr sl jt js glt plssjimh tl shpereth lur perts. Jt js rhemmy e gjoh hxphrjhgoh tl hgbly e dlln thekwlra egn olzy wlra etklspchrh mjah tcjs. Clph hvhrylgh oeg ih ihgh`jthn egn dht prhperhn `lr tch jgolkjgd hxeks egn olurshs.

Zegd Mju, Egd Mj, Cel êg egn Zu Sjel



















LH>0?6 pert >

Nhsjdg l` wjgn turijgh supplrtjgd trjpln struoturh

L``sclrh & Nrhndjgd Hgdjghhrjgd

Oetemlduh 5. Jgtrlnuotjlg ............................................................................................................................................................. ? 9. Hgvjrlgkhgt olgnjtjlgs ........................................................................................................................................... ? ?. Vrhmjkjgery nhsjdg l` dhlkhtry & khkihr njkhgsjlgs ......................................................................................... 8 ?.5 _phoj`jo rhqujrhkhgts `lr dhlkhtry & khkihr njkhgsjlgs nhsjdg .............................................................. 8 ?.9 Nhthrkjgetjlg l` prhmjkjgery njkhgsjlgs ..................................................................................................... 0 >. Mlens lg struoturh ................................................................................................................................................... : >.5 Mlen oeshs egn mjkjt steths............................................................................................................................. : >.9 Vhrkeghgt Mlens .......................................................................................................................................... 55 >.? Hgvjrlgkhgtem mlens ..................................................................................................................................... 5 55 5 >.?.5 Cynrlstetjo mlens ............................................................................................................................... 55 >.?.9 Cynrlnygekjo mlens ......................................................................................................................... 59 8. Dhlkhtry lptjkjzetjlg ieshn lg stetjo strhgdtc .................................................................................................... 50 8.5 Khkihr `lroh............................................................................................................................................... 50 8.9 _tetjo strhgdtc ochoa .................................................................................................................................... 53 8.9.5 _trhss ochoa ...................................................................................................................................... 53 8.9.9 _teijmjty ochoa .................................................................................................................................. 96 8.? Dhlkhtry lptjkjzetjlg ................................................................................................................................ 95 0. Geturem 0. Geturem `rhquhgojhs `rhquhgojhs ................................................................................................................................................ 99 4. Pjiretjlg Pjiretjlg ekpmjtunh nuh tl PJP ............................................................................................................................ 9> 3. Khkihr @lrohs ...................................................................................................................................................... 90 :. _tetjo strhss egemysjs .............................................................................................................................................. 93 56. _tetjo strhgdtc bljgt Gl.5 ..................................................................................................................................... ?5 55.@etjduh vhrj`joetjlg vhrj`joetjlg l` tch khkihrs (oyomjo strhss) .............................................................................................. ?? 59. @etjduh Nhsjdg ..................................................................................................................................................... ?8 59.5 Vrjgojpmhs l` oemoumetjlg ............................................................................................................................ ?8 59.9 Verekhthrs ................................................................................................................................................. ?4 59.? _truoturem egemysjs ...................................................................................................................................... ?4 59.> Glkjgem strhss regdhs jg tch orjtjoem khkihrs .......................................................................................... ?: 59.8 _O@ oemoumetjlg `lr mlen olgnjtjlgs........................................................................................................... ?: 59.0 Clt splt strhss regdhs ................................................................................................................................ >9 59.4 Clt splt strhss regdhs `lr nhsjdg ............................................................................................................... >9 59.3 @etjduh mj`h l` bljgt GL.5........................................................................................................................... >? 59.: Olgomusjlg ................................................................................................................................................. >> 5?. Nygekjo Ekpmj`joetjlg @eotlr ............................................................................................................................ >> 5>. H``hot l` NE@ lg Oemoumetjlgs ............................................................................................................................ >8 Yh`hrhgoh ................................................................................................................................................................... >0 Epphgnjx E ................................................................................................................................................................ >4 Olnhs jg Egsys `lr @jgjth Hmhkhgt Egemysjs l` trjpln struoturh jg njkhgsjlg 9 ............................................... >4



















LH>0?6 pert >



Epphgnjx N................................................................................................................................................................ 09 @jgjth Hmhkhgt Egemysjs Egemysjs l` `lroh egn klkhgt lg heoc glnhs jg njkhgsjlg ? .................................................. 09 Epphgnjx H ................................................................................................................................................................ 03 @lrkumes ushn `lr Ocepthr56 ............................................................................................................................. 03 Epphgnjx @ ................................................................................................................................................................ 0: Ltchr khtclns tl oemoumeth _O@s ....................................................................................................................... 0:



















LH>0?6 pert >



5. Jgtrlnuotjlg ^cjs js tch essjdgkhgt l` olursh LH>0?6 pert >. Jg tcjs essjdgkhgt wh sclumn nhsjdg e wjgn turijgh supplrtjgd trjpln struoturh. ^ch wlrajgd olgnjtjlg js nhojnhn jg thrks l` tch jg`lrketjlg lur drlup olmmhot. Jg ltchr wlrns, wh sclumn `jgn mldjoem hgvjrlgkhgt jg`lrketjlg egn tchg nhsjdg tch trjpln struoturh. ^ch nhsjdg kejgmy jgomunhs `lur perts2 shmhotjlg l` tch hgvjrlgkhgt olgnjtjlgs, prhmjkjgery nhsjdg l` tch njkhgsjlgs, dhlkhtry lptjkjzetjlg, es whmm es oemoumetjlg egn egemysjs l` tch prlphrty egn phr`lrkegoh. ^ch rhplrt js erregdhn eoolrnjgd tl tch njrhotlry jmmustrethn jg tch essjdgkhgt mhoturh.

9. Hgvjrlgkhgt olgnjtjlgs ^ch `jrst sthp `lr tch nhsjdg l` tch wjgn turijgh supplrtjgd trjpln struoturh js tl nhojnh tch wlrajgd hgvjrlgkhgt egn `jgn tch sphoj`jo sjth nete. Es wjgn mlenjgd oemoumetjlg js glt pert l` tcjs essjdgkhgt, tch hgvjrlgkhgtem mlens jg olgsjnhretjlg kejgmy olkh `rlk ourrhgt egn wevh. _l tch ourrhgt egn wevh nete js tch klst jkplrtegt tcjgd tcet sclumn ih iher jg kjgn wchg jgthgn tl `jgn slkh hgvjrlgkhgt jg`lrketjlg. Jt js glt hesy tl dht rhmjeimh egn nhtejmhn kht loheg nete sjgoh tcjs js emweys olstmy egn rhdernhn es olrh shorht jg slkh olkpegy egn rhsheroc jgstjtuths. Chrh wh nhojnh tl sht lur wjgn turijgh jg Jbkujnhg Kugjtjhstlrtpmeets. ^chrh erh twl rheslgs `lr jt. Lgh js tch wethr nhptc egn tch hgvjrlgkhgt tchrh js mldjoem `lr shttmhkhgt l` wjgn èrks. ^ch ltchr rheslg js tcet tch kht loheg nete eilut tcjs sjth js hesy tl eoqujrh `lr us egn jt js jgthdrethn `lr lur nhsjdg. ^ch kht loheg nete eilut tcjs pmeoh js litejghn `rlk tch wlra nlgh iy C. Ireek egn V. B. Hhohg jg tchjr pephr ”Esshsskhgt l` wjgn egn wevh nete khesurhn et Jbkujnhg Kugjtjhstlrtpmeets‛

Q5[

. ^ch mloetjlg l` tch sjth js sclwg jg `jdurh lgh (tch rhn ster). ^ch

kheg wethr mhvhm tchrh js eilut >6 khthr egn j t js lutsjnh egy sejmjgd rluths. Es e rhsumt, jt js sujteimh `lr lur nhsjdg l` trjpln struoturh.

@jdurh 5 Mloetjlg l` tch sjth `lr tch nhsjdg



















LH>0?6 pert >



@jdurh 9 Thjiumm `jt l` tch sjdgj`joegt wevh chjdct njstrjiutjlg lvhr tch wclmh yhers‚ tjkh

Tchg nhsjdg tch trjpln struoturh, wh wjmm eppmy tch umtjketh mjkjt steth (XM_) egemysjs `lr tch nhsjdg egn tch esshsskhgt. Es e rhsumt, wcet wh jgthrhsthn jg js tch umtjketh mjkjt hgvjrlgkhgt olgnjtjlg jg tch mj`h tjkh l` tch wjgn turijgh. @rlk tch kht loheg nete wh oeg nhrjvh tch hgvjrlgkhgt nete klst rhmethn wjtc lur nhsjdg. ^ch sjth sphoj`jo nete `lr lur nhsjdg js sclwg jg teimh 5. ^ch nete `lr tch kerjgh drlwtc js litejghn `rlk Mjvh _emvhshg @hvèd‚s @hvèd‚s wlra jg cjs tchsjs ”Jg`muhgoh ” Jg`muhgoh l` kerjgh drlwtc lg supplrt struoturh nhsjdg `lr l``sclrh wjgn turijghs ‛ Q9[. êimh 5 _jth sphoj`jo nete Verekhthr

ugjt

Tethr nhptc(K_M)

>6

k

CE^

5.0:

k

K_M

>6

k

ME^

-5.60

k

_tlrk surdh 86yr.

5.5?

k

Kheg wevh chjdct

5.8

k

Tevh chjdct

58.05

k

Tevh phrjln

56.:5

s

Tjgn sphhn

>9.4?

k/s

Ourrhgt vhmlojty

5.9

k/s

^lp tregsjtjlg pjhoh

58.59





















LH>0?6 pert >



?. Vrhmjkjgery nhsjdg l` dhlkhtry & khkihr njkhgsjlgs ?.5 _phoj`jo rhqujrhkhgts `lr dhlkhtry & khkihr njkhgsjlgs nhsjdg Jg tcjs essjdgkhgt, tch mloetjlg l` tch bljgt Gl. 5 egn tch omheregoh ihtwhhg tch kheg she wethr mhvhm egn tch turijgh js djvhg. _l tch nhsjdg l` khkihr njkhgsjlgs jgomunh tch nhsjdg l` njekhthr egn wemm tcjoaghss l` oclrn, mhds egn ireohs es whmm es tch egdmhs tcet mhds egn ireohs erh jgomjghn wjtc rhsphot tl phrphgnjoumer oclrn. @lr tch seah l` omher jmmustretjlg, wh meihm tch wclmh struoturh. Jt js sclwg jg `jdurh ?.



















LH>0?6 pert >



Es e olgshquhgoh tcet tch chjdct l` heoc pert l` tch struoturh js djvhg egn tch egdmhs ihtwhhg khkihrs erh nhojnhn, tchg tch mhgdtc l` heoc khkihr js shttmhn. _ l glw wh oeg nhojnh tch njekhthr egn wemm tcjoaghss l` heoc khkihr. khkihr.

@jdurh > Egdmh jmmustretjlg l` tch struoturh

Jgjtjemmy tch nhthrkjgetjlg l` tch njekhthr egn wemm tcjoaghss l` l``sclrh struoturh khkihrs `lmmlws tch rumh l` tcuki. ^ch smhgnhrghss l` tch njedlgem khkihrs AM/r key ih sht tl 36, wcjmh tch A èotlr key ih sht tl 6.3 `lr pertjemmy `jxhn khkihr hgns. Chgoh, M/r ;566 , wchrh J

?



 N t / 3 egn E



 N^ , tchg

r



N/9

9

r  J / E .

. ^ch njekhthr

N

Es `lr tcjg wemmhn tuiumer khkihrs

sclumn tcus ih epprlxjkethmy 6.6? tjkhs jts

mhgdtc, j.h. N;6.6?M. Clrjzlgtem khkihrs jg tch vhrtjoem èohs l` tch struoturh key emsl ih sjzhn usjgd tch eilvh rumh, iut tchjr smhgnhrghss key ih jgorheshn tl eilut 566. ^cjs rhsumts jg M/r;598 egn N;6.69?M. ^ch N/t‖retjl, j.h. retjl l` njekhthr lvhr wemm tcjoaghss, `lr khkihrs verjhs lvhr tch struoturh1 khkihrs jg tch tlp pert l` tch struoturh erh l`thg rhmetjvhmy rhmetjvhmy tcjoa wemmhn wjtc e N/t retjl mhss tceg ?6, wcjmh khkihrs gher tch ilttlk l` tch struoturh cevh kuoc tcjgghr wemms wjtc e N/t retjl l` klrh tceg >6. Glth tcet tch sjzjgd l` clrjzlgtem khkihrs jg tch jgthrjlr l` tch pmeg `rekjgd mhvhms nhphgns lg mloem mlens egn preotjoem olgsjnhretjlgs.

?.9 Nhthrkjgetjlg l` prhmjkjgery njkhgsjlgs



















LH>0?6 pert >



êimh 9 Vrhmjkjgery njkhgsjlgs l` tch struoturh-Njkhgsjlg 5 Khkihr

Mhgdtc

njekhthr

njekhthr

wemm

wemm

KG

:3

>

584.>3

6.56

?.:>

_5E5

?>.53

6.4:

?6.:8

6.69

6.44

L5I5

96.30

6.>3

53.3:

6.65

6.>4

O5N5

56

5

?:.?4

6.6?

6.:3

_9E9

?>.53

6.4:

?6.:8

6.69

6.44

L9I9

96.30

6.>3

53.3:

6.65

6.>4

O9N9

56

5

?:.?4

6.6?

6.:3

_?E?

?>.53

6.4:

?6.:8

6.69

6.44

L?I?

96.30

6.>3

53.3:

6.65

6.>4

O?N?

56

5

?:.?4

6.6?

6.:3

ugjt

k

k

jgoc

k

jgoc



















LH>0?6 pert >



êimh ? Vrhmjkjgery njkhgsjlgs l` tch struoturh-Njkhgsjlg 9 Khkihr

Mhgdtc

njekhthr

njekhthr

wemm

wemm

KG

:3

>

584.>3

6.56

?.58

_5E5

?>.53

?

553.55

6.60

9.?0

L5I5

96.30

9.8

:3.>?

6.68

5.:4

O5N5

56

?.8

5?4.36

6.63

9.40

_9E9

?>.53

?

553.55

6.60

9.?0

L9I9

96.30

9.8

:3.>?

6.68

5.:4

O9N9

56

?.8

5?4.36

6.63

9.40

_?E?

?>.53

?

553.55

6.60

9.?0

L?I?

96.30

9.8

:3.>?

6.68

5.:4

O?N?

56

?.8

5?4.36

6.63

9.40

ugjt

k

k

jgoc

k

jgoc



















LH>0?6 pert >



>. Mlens lg struoturh >.5 Mlen oeshs egn mjkjt steths ^cjs js e prhmjkjgery nhsjdg stedh l` tch wjgn turijgh trjpln struoturh. @lr tchsh mloetjlg, tch hertcqueah mlens egn tch sglw egn joh mlens erh glt rhmhvegt. @urtchrklrh, jg tcjs prhmjkjgery nhsjdg stedh, tch verjeimh ùgotjlgem mlens wjmm glt ih teahg jgtl eoolugt, lgmy phrkeghgt egn hgvjrlgkhgtem mlens. Jg tcjs pertjoumer nhsjdg, wjgn mlenjgd lg tlp l` tch struoturh js glt jgomunhn. _l tch hgvjrlgkhgtem mlens lgmy olkh `rlk wevh egn ourrhgt. Khegwcjmh, tch phrkeghgt mlens olkh olkh `rlk tch whjdct l` turijgh turijgh egn suistruoturh. suistruoturh. ^chrh erh shvhrem essukptjlgs eppmjhn jg tcjs nhsjdg, jg thrks l` tch cynrlkhocegjos mlen oeshs2 

Olgsjnhr lgh rhdumer wevh lgmy



Ourrhgt tl ih ugj-njrhotjlgem jg tch sekh njrhotjlg es tch rhdumer wevh



Oclrn khkihr ùmmy hkpty

Glrkemmy, Glrkemmy, tchrh erh tcrhh struoturem struoturem strhgdtc esshsskhgts esshsskhgts wjnhmy ushn jg l``sclrh l``sclrh hgdjghhrjgd `jhmn. `jhmn. 

Tlrajgd _trhss Nhsjdg N hsjdg (T_N)



Mlen egn Yhsjstegoh @eotlr Nhsjdg (MY@N)



Mjkjt steth nhsjdg (M_N)

Chrh wh enlpt tch M_N khtcln tl oerry lut tch struoturem strhgdtc esshsskhgt. Jg tcjs esshsskhgt khtcln, tchrh erh `lur mjkjt steths rhmethn wjtc lur nhsjdg, wcjoc erh mjsthn ihmlw2 

Xmtjketh Mjkjt _teth



_hrvjoheijmjty Mjkjt _teth



@etjduh Mjkjt _teth



Eoojnhgtem Mjkjt _teth

@lr sjkpmjojty, sjkpmjojty, wh lgmy `lous lg Xmtjketh Mjkjt _teth (XM_) egn @etjduh Mjkjt _teth (@M_). @lr XM_, tch klst rhmhvegt mlen oesh js wchg tchrh js lgmy lgh pjmh ihers tch dmliem lvhrturgjgd klkhgt. ^cjs sphojem oesh js sclwg jg @jdurh 4. Th essukh tch wevh egn ourrhgt olkhs emlgd tch x-exjs. _l jg tch `jdurh tch pjmh l` mloetjlg 5 js tch klst negdhrlus pert. ^cjs ollrnjgeth egn gukihr wjmm ih ushn jg tcjs rhplrt `lr hxpmegetjlg. Es e rhsumt, tch pljgt gekh wcjoc olgsjsts l` gukihr oeg ih rh`hrrhn jg tcjs `jdurh.





















LH>0?6 pert >



@jdurh 4 Ollrnjgeth ushn jg struoturem strhgdtc esshsskhgt



















LH>0?6 pert >



>.9 Vhrkeghgt Mlens Vhrkeghgt mlens olkh `rlk tch whjdct l` turijgh egn suistruoturh. ^ch whjdct l` turijgh lg tlp l` tch supplrtjgd struoturh js 9666aG. Jts ohgthr l` drevjty js (6, 6, 568). ^ch whjdct egn ohgthr l` drevjty l` suistruoturh oeg ih oemoumethn, es wh cevh tch nete l` pljgt ollrnjgeths egn khkihr njkhgsjlgs. ^ch sthhm ushn jg tcjs struoturh js _?88. ^ch kethrjem prlphrty js sclwg jg êimh 8. ^ch eoohmhretjlg l` drevjty js d;:.35 k/s 9. êimh 8 Kethrjem prlphrty oethdlry

ugjt

_thhm nhgsjty

4386

ad/k ?

Hmestjojty Hmestjojt y klnumus

956

Dpe

Vljsslg retjlg

6.?

Zjhmnjgd mjkjt

?88

Kpe

^ch whjdct egn ohgthr l` drevjty js sclwg jg êimh 0. êimh 0 Thjdct egn ohgthr l` drevjty l` tch struoturh ohgthr l` drevjty Khkihr

Mhgdtc

njekhthr

wemm

whjdct

x

y

z

KG

:3

>

6.5650

:.?:H+60

6

6

80.65

_5E5

?>.53

?

6.60?8

5.8>H+60

56.??

6

58.98

L5I5

96.30

9.8

6.6863

0.93H+68

56.??

6

>.90

O5N5

56

?.8

6.6409

0.?5H+68

96.00

6

9

_9E9

?>.53

?

6.60?8

5.8>H+60

-8.50

3.:>

58.98



















LH>0?6 pert >



êimh 4 Iulyegoy l` tch struoturh Khkihr

Mhgdtc

njekhthr

wemm

whjdct

iulyegoy

KG

:3

>

6.5650

:.?:H+60

>.54H+60

_5E5

?>.53

?

6.60?8

5.8>H+60

9.>?H+60

L5I5

96.30

9.8

6.6863

0.93H+68

5.6?H+60

O5N5

56

?.8

6.6409

0.?5H+68

6.66H+66

_9E9

?>.53

?

6.60?8

5.8>H+60

9.>?H+60

L9I9

96.30

9.8

6.6863

0.93H+68

5.6?H+60

O9N9

56

?.8

6.6409

0.?5H+68

6.66H+66

_?E?

?>.53

?

6.60?8

5.8>H+60

9.>?H+60

L?I?

96.30

9.8

6.6863

0.93H+68

5.6?H+60

O?N?

56

?.8

6.6409

0.?5H+68

6.66H+66

ugjt

k

k

k

G

G

>.?.9 Cynrlnygekjo mlens

^ch cynrlnygekjo mlens olkh `rlk wevh egn ourrhgt. Chrh wh wjmm eppmy Klrjslg hquetjlg tl oemoumeth tch cynrlnygekjo mlens. Ih`lrh eppmyjgd tch Klrjslg hquetjlg tl tch struoturh, wh sclumn nhsorjih lvhr wcet nhptc regdh tch nhsjdg wevh wjmm hxhrt mlenjgd lg tch struoturh. Oemoumetjlgs l` upphr mjkjt js `lugn es tch kexjkuk wethr nhptc pmus tch orhst chjdct. ^chy oeg ih nlgh iy usjgd tch nete eilvh egn tch `lrkumes ihmlw. ihmlw. Nkex



shttmhkhgt Kheg she wethr nhptc nhptc (K_TM)+ cem` l` tch tjnem regdh + stlrk surdh + shttmhkhgt



















LH>0?6 pert >



_holgnmy, jg lrnhr tl eppmy tch Klrjslg hquetjlg tl tch wclmh struoturh, wh sclumn oemoumeth tch hqujvemhgt stjoa klnhm. ^ch hqujvemhgt njekhthrs l` tch verjlus khkihrs js litejghn tcrludc tch khtcln nhsorjihn jg ”^ch LH>085 hqujvemhgt stjoa klnhm rhvjhwhn‛

Q?[

(Jr. Y. E. T. Nuiihrs, : Beguery, 966>).

Jg tcjs khtcln, wh sclumn nh`jgh tch `lmmlwjgd perekhthrs2

p  (yj  y b ) 9  (z j  z b ) 9 Mj

q



b

p  ( xj





xb )

9

pN 

Mj b ( zu





z m )

^chg wh oeg eoqujrh tch hqujvemhgt njekhthrs es `lmmlwjgd2

N NH

9

N JH

q p 

Mj 



b

qN

^cjs prlohnurh wjmm ih eppmjhn tl emm khkihrs. ^ch rhsumts wjmm ih eooukumethn `lr emm khkihrs (K) egn essjdghn tl tchjr esslojethn regdhs (Y). K

N

NH ( Y )

 N 5 K

NH (k )



















LH>0?6 pert >



^ch hgvjrlgkhgtem mlenjgd l` tch smhgnhr khkihrs oeg ih litejghn tcrludc Klrjslg hquetjlg. Jt js nh`jghn jg twl perts2 5

@ NH @ JH



9



ex

 v x 5 >

v x O N N NH

 N 9 JH  O K

_jgoh tchrh js e :6 nhdrhhs pcesh scj`t ihtwhhg tch nred egn jghrtje `lroh, tch twl `lroh vhotlrs erh phrphgnjoumer, egn chgoh tch olkijghn rhsumtegt `lroh sclumn ih2 @rhs

@NH



9



@ JH

9

^chg wh sclumn olgsjnhr tch thrks jg tchsh twl hquetjlgs2

(5). Nhsjdg wevhs Tevh mlens oeg ih nhthrkjghn usjgd Ejry‚s tchlry. ^crludc wevh phrjln wh oeg litejg tch egdumer vhmlojty l` tch wevh2 e





 9

olsc a ( z  n )

9 

^



sjgc an 6.840(ren / s)

^crludc Njsphrsjlg Yhmetjlgscjp wh oeg litejg wevh gukihr a (Hoaert Epprlxjketjlg js eppmjhn)2 9





da tegc(an )





















LH>0?6 pert >



6.:60. Chrh tch njrhotjlgem wevh sprhenjgd èotlr js tl ih eppmjhn tl wethr pertjomh eoohmhretjlgs eoohmhretjlgs egn vhmlojtjhs. (9). Nhsjdg ourrhgt Chrh jt js essukhn tcet tch ourrhgt vhmlojty js olgstegt lvhr tch ùmm jgstegteghlus wethr nhptc. ^ch ourrhgt imloaedh èotlr hkpjrjoemmy js 6.:, wcjoc wjmm ih eppmjhn tl tch vhmlojty l` tch ourrhgt jg oemoumetjlg.

(?). _tjoa klnhm c ynrlnygekjo olh``jojhgts olh``jojhgts ^ch nred olh``jojhgt egn jghrtje olh``jojhgt erh enlpthn mjah tchsh2 Nred olh``jojhgt2 olh``jojhgt2

6.4

Jghrtje olh``jojhgt2 9.6

Jg lrnhr tl eoqujrh prhojsh mlenjgd, wh wjmm ush tch _jkpslg‚s _jkpslg‚s Yumh tl eppmy gukhrjoem jgthdretjlg. Es e rhsumt, tch `jgem `lroh egn klkhgt oeg ih olkputhn tcludc tch hquetjlgs ihmlw2

@



(

ù



> ò



` m

)(z

z )





















LH>0?6 pert >



8. Dhlkhtry lptjkjzetjlg ieshn lg stetjo strhgdtc 8.5 Khkihr `lroh Jg lrnhr tl ochoa tch struoturem strhgdtc l` tch trjpln, wh ghhn tl dht tch khkihr `lroh `jrst. J` wh wegt tl oemoumeth tch khkihr `lroh jg egemytjoem wey, wey, wh sclumn tregs`hr tch dmliem mlens tl shotjlg `lrohs tl egemysjs tch khkihrs. Th tregs`hr tch cynrl nygekjo `lroh lg mhds egn pert l` tch cynrlnygekjo mlens lg oclrn tl bljgt Gl. 5 (glnh _), wcjmh tch cynrl nygekjo `lroh lg ireohs egn pert l` tch cynrlnygekjo mlens lg oclrn tl bljgt Gl. 9 (glnh L). ^ch tregs`hr l` tch hgvjrlgkhgtem mlens js sclwg jg @jdurh 3. Ihoeush tch pjmh nhsjdg js glt jgomunhn jg tcjs essjdgkhgt, wh wlg‚t nl egytcjgd rhdernjgd tch khkihr `lrohs jg smhhvhs es whmm es lg tch pjmhs, es tch c ynrlnygekjo mlens lg smhhvhs erh klstmy oerrjhn iy pjmhs. ^cet js tch rheslg wh emmloeth mlens lg tl bljgt 5 & 9 (glnh _ egn L), iut tch bljgts lg tch smhhvhs.





















LH>0?6 pert >



slkh olgshquhgohs e`thr tch eppmjoetjlg l` tch `lmmlwjgd essukptjlgs. Essukptjlgs2 5.

Emm tch bljgts erh rhdernhn es cjgdhs wchg olgsjnhr tch `lroh hqujmjirjuk

9.

^ch cynrlnygekjo mlens oeushn iy smhhvhs erh oerrjhn iy pjmhs

?.

Cynrlnygekjo mlens erh rherregdhn lgtl tch bljgts

>.

Vhrkeghgt mlens erh rherregdhn lgtl tch bljgts, wcjmh mhds oerry klst l` tch whjdct l` tch turijgh egn suistruoturh

Olgshquhgohs2 5.

@lroh hqujmjirjuk hquetjlgs oeg ih eocjhvhn lg bljgt 5 & 9 (glnhs _ egn L)

9.

Es e rhsumt l` sykkhtry s ykkhtry,, khkihr `lroh `lr mhd 9&? egn ireoh 9&? js hquem

?.

@lr tch seah l` se`hty, se`hty, pertjem mlen èotlrs eppmjhn

^ch pertjem mlen èotlrs

Q?[

erh sclwg chrh. οD

οU

οH

5.5

5.5

5.?8





















LH>0?6 pert >



@rlk tchsh hquetjlgs, `jgemmy wh oeg litejg khkihr `lrohs. ^ch rhsumt js sclwg jg êimh êimh 59. êimh 59 Khkihr `lrohs khkihr

`lroh

typh

mhd5

59.64

olkprhssjlg

mhd9

-9.85

olkprhssjlg

mhd?

-9.85

olkprhssjlg

ireoh5

>.8:

olkprhssjlg olkprhssjlg

ireoh9

-9.39


ireoh?

-9.39


oclrn

54.>:

olkprhssjlg

KG

8.9 _tetjo strhgdtc ochoa





















LH>0?6 pert >



rh`hrrhn es eg epprlxjketjlg tl tch eotuem olgnjtjlg jg rhem wlrmn. Eotuemmy ihoeush l` tchsh epprlxjketjlg tch `jgem rhsumt js emsl ajgn l` epprlxjketjlg, iut jt oeg stjmm ih rhdernhn es rh`hrhgoh tl lur oemoumetjlg. ^ch strhss omlun js sclwg jg @jdurh : egn @jdurh 56 jg nj``hrhgt vjhws.























LH>0?6 pert >



^ch strhss omlun omhermy sclws tcet lur egemytjoem slmutjlg ieshn lg slkh essukptjlgs erh `hesjimh egn rheslgeimh. ^ch olgohgtretjlg l` strhss klstmy cepphgs jg bljgts perts. _l tcet‚s wcy tch stetj o strhgdtc ochoa egn ètjduh oepeojty ochoa `lr bljgts erh vhry jkplrtegt. ^ch `lroh egn klkhgt lg heoc glnhs erh sclwg jg Epphgnjx I. Jt hxpmjojtmy sclws tch strhss olgohgtretjlg pchglkhglg jg bljgts wjtc `jdurhs egn quegtjty. Emm egemysjs js sclwg jg glnem slmutjlg wjtc Plg-Kjshs Plg-Kjshs _trhss. Jt js tch hqujvemhgt strhss jg thrks l` tch ? rn tchlry l` kethrjem.

8.9.9 _teijmjty ochoa

@lr steijmjty ochoa, wh ghhn tch ihgnjgd klkhgt l` heoc khkihr. Jg lrnhr tl litejg ihgnjgd klkhgt, `jrst wh























LH>0?6 pert >

wchrh2 E






N

6





khkihr njekhthr egn t tch tcjoaghss tcjoaghss t t , wjtc N6 ihjgd tch khkihr

` i

^ch strhss nuh tl ihgnjgd js2 wchrh2 _

 

>

N

6



t



9

t

5 

>

K 



_

E N6

@jgemmy ochoa wchtchr2 rumh; rumh 





t

` o o @o



ì

 i @ ig

O k ` o

5

 i  6.38
























LH>0?6 pert >



njkhgsjlg es njkhgsjlg ? sclwg jg êimh 50. @urtchr stetjo strhgdtc ochoa `lr tcjs njkhgsjlg wjmm ih jmmustrethn jg ocepthr 3 & : êimh 50 Lptjkjzhn njkhgsjlg ‟ njkhgsjlg ‟ njkhgsjlg njkhgsjlg ? Khkihr

Mhgdtc

njekhthr

njekhthr

wemm

wemm

KG

:3

>

584.>3

6.5650

?.58

_5E5

?>.53

9.>

:>.>:

6.60?8

5.3:

L5I5

96.30

5.3

46.34

6.6863

5.>9

O5N5

56

?

553.55

6.6409

9.?0























LH>0?6 pert >



Klrh slpcjstjoethn systhk `lr eg l``sclrh wjgn turijgh wjtc e trjpln `lugnetjlg js sochketjzhn es e 9-kess-sprjgd-nescplt systhk. systhk. ^ch klnhm `lr tcjs systhk js jmmustrethn jg @jdurh 59. ^l litejg tch geturem `rhquhgoy l` tch systhk, wh sclumn slmvh tch `lmmlwjgd hquetjlg l` kltjlg.

k x '' ox ' ax  @ ols( wt   )























LH>0?6 pert >



Jg olgtrest, chrh iy tch geturem `rhquhgoy l` tch struoturh jg njkhgsjlg 9 js emsl egemyzhn. ^ch rhsumt js sclwg jg êimh 53. Olkperh wjtc tchk, wh `jgn tcet nuh tl tch scrjgaedh l` tch njekhthr l` heoc khkihr, tch geturem `rhquhgoy l` njkhgsjlg ? nhorheshn. ^ch mlwhr lrnhr `rhquhgoy js tch nlkjgegt `lr struoturhs. _l `rlk tch @jdurh 5? wcjoc jmmustreths tch holglkjo nhsjdg `rhquhgoy

Q0[

, wh oeg olgomunh tcet tch lptjkjzetjlg nhsjdg terdht `lr tch

ocegdh jg njkhgsjlgs js slkhwcet eocjhvhn, jt stjmm ghhns ù rtchr rh`jghn, tcludc. Es wh nlg‚t olgsjnhr tch holglkjo phr`lrkegoh phr`lrkegoh l` tch nhsjdg, jt oeg ih bust jdglrhn chrh. êimh 53 Geturem `rhquhgoy l` tch trjpln struoturh jg njkhgsjlg 9 lrnhr

5

9

?

>

8

0

























LH>0?6 pert >



























LH>0?6 pert >



























LH>0?6 pert >



Jg lrnhr tl litejg khkihr `lroh, wh emsl ghhn tl nhthrkjgh hgvjrlgkhgtem `lroh egn phrkeghgt `lroh `jrst. ^ch `jrst

























LH>0?6 pert >



























LH>0?6 pert >



































































































































































































































































































































































































































LH>0?6 pert >


mett,5,9,5 mhsjzh,emm,,,56 mkhsc,emm mshm,s,,,5?

!ireoh 9

mett,5,?,5 mhsjzh,emm,,,56 mkhsc,emm mshm,s,,,5>

!smhhvh ?

mett,5,>,5 mhsjzh,emm,,,56 mkhsc,emm mshm,s,,,58

!smhhvh ?


!smhhvh ?


!mhd ?

mett,5,9,5 mhsjzh,emm,,,56 mkhsc,emm mshm,s,,,53

!ireoh ?

mett,5,?,5 mhsjzh,emm,,,56 mkhsc,emm

/hsceph,5

!swjtoc lg tch hmhkhgt pmlt

`jgjsc /slmu egtyph,klnem

!klnem egemysjs




















LH>0?6 pert >

!njspmeohkhgt gshm,s,mlo,z,-?:.:,->6.6 n,emm,emm emms slmvh sevh `jgjsc





















LH>0?6 pert >



Epphgnjx N @jgjth Hmhkhgt Egemysjs l` `lroh egn klkhgt lg heoc glnhs jg njkhgsjlg ?

***** VL_^5 GLNEM ^LÊM ^LÊM MLEN _^HV;

5

_XI_^HV;

@LYOH _XKKE^JLG _XKKE^JLG *****

5

^CH @LMMLTJGD S,Z,R @LYOH_ EYH JG ^CH DMLIEM OLLYNJGE^H _Z_^HK

GLNH

@S

@Z

@R

KS

KZ

KR

5

6.666

-6.9600H-9>

6.9666H+64

6.9398H-9>

6.>>59H-55 6.>>59H-55

6.666

9

6.550>H-6: 6.550>H-6:

-6.9?93H-6:

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.666

?

6.3894H-5?

6.5888H-9>

6.>084H-6:

-6.3006H-9>

6.>:56H-55 6.>:56H-55

6.666

>

-6.098?H-59

6.3936H-9>

6.>084H-6:

6.9053H-9?

6.>83?H-55 6.>83?H-55

6.666

8

6.::>3H-59

-6.04?5H-9>

6.>084H-6:

6.?9?9H-9?

6.?6?>H-55 6.?6?>H-55

6.666

0

-6.8:0:H-59

-6.9609H-9>

6.666

6.53?9H-9?

6.505?H-55 6.505?H-55

6.666

4

6.>3?9H-59

6.8048H-9>

6.666

-6.96>?H-9?

6.58?8H-55 6.58?8H-55

6.666

3

-6.098?H-59

6.::66H-9>

6.666

-6.>??6H-9?

-6.404>H-59

-6.>56>H-9>

:

6.8550H-59 6.8550H-59

-6.5494H-9?

6.666

-6.?483H-9?

-6.5?0>H-55 -6.5?0>H-55

-6.5050H-90

56

6.666

6.5695H-9?

6.:?5?H-6:

6.?304H-9?

-6.535:H-55 -6.535:H-55

6.5050H-90

55

6.666

-6.?>??H-9?

6.666

-6.>:38H-9?

-6.9:56H-56

6.>56>H-9>

59

6.666

-6.8395H-56

-6.8395H-56

6.550>H-6: 6.550>H-6:

-6.8395H-56

6.666

5?

6.666

-6.5305H-9?

6.666

6.3949H-9>

6.666

-6.???8H-9?

5>

6.666

6.:6>4H-9?

6.9?93H-6:

-6.>5?0H-9?

-6.5>88H-56

6.>:0?H-9?

58

-6.?0?3H-55 -6.?0?3H-55

-6.9603H-9>

6.666

-6.??6:H-9?

6.666

-6.508>H-9?

50

6.666

-6.??06H-9?

6.666

6.9>39H-9?

6.9:56H-56

6.666

54

6.666

-6.59>5H-9?

6.666

6.::90H-9?

-6.9:56H-56

6.666

53

6.666

-6.9033H-9?

6.666

-6.883?H-9?

-6.9:56H-56

6.508>H-9?

5:

6.535:H-55 6.535:H-55

6.>>:3H-9?

6.666

-6.?850H-9?

6.666

-6.??6:H-9?

96

6.?0?3H-55 6.?0?3H-55

-6.8553H-9? -6.8553H-9?

6.666

-6.>9:5H-9?

6.666

-6.509:H-9?

95

6.666

6.94:9H-9?

6.666

-6.840>H-9?

6.666

6.666

99

6.803>H-5?

-6.5850H-9?

6.666

-6.?>95H-99

6.?09>H-59

6.666

9?

6.535:H-55 6.535:H-55

-6.5?:4H-99

6.666

-6.845>H-99

-6.535:H-55 -6.535:H-55

-6.5?9?H-99

9>

6.666

6.5?8>H-99

6.666

6.>3:>H-99

6.:6:8H-59

6.90>0H-99

98

6.:6:8H-59

6.545>H-99

6.666

-6.?669H-99

6.666

6.666

90

6.666

-6.0958H-9?

6.666

-6.9:43H-99

6.>8>4H-59

6.666



















LH>0?6 pert >



?6

6.666

-6.95:>H-9?

6.666

-6.93>6H-99

6.55?4H-59 6.55?4H-59

6.59:9H-98

?5

6.55?4H-59 6.55?4H-59

6.>9?3H-9?

6.666

-6.36:>H-99

6.>:4>H-59

6.666

?9

-6.8:59H-55 -6.8:59H-55

-6.>>55H-9? -6.>>55H-9?

6.666

-6.355:H-9> -6.355:H-9>

6.5>95H-59

-6.9:?>H-?>

??

6.666

-6.9386H-9?

6.666

6.5?53H-99

6.666

6.3?48H-9?

?>

-6.0?00H-55 -6.0?00H-55

6.>856H-9?

6.550>H-6:

-6.90?3H-9?

6.994>H-59

-6.0>09H-90

?8

6.666

-6.548:H-9?

6.550>H-6:

6.5645H-9?

-6.:6:8H-59

-6.3?6>H-9>

?0

-6.?0?3H-55 -6.?0?3H-55

6.5:94H-9?

6.666

6.9?0?H-9?

6.666

6.3?6>H-9>

?4

6.666

6.>964H-9>

6.666

-6.5?5>H-9?

6.?0?3H-55 6.?0?3H-55

6.3?6>H-9>

?3

6.?0?3H-55 6.?0?3H-55

6.9?:4H-9>

6.666

-6.??9?H-9?

6.666

6.666

?:

-6.4940H-55 -6.4940H-55

-6.5::5H-98

6.666

6.5?50H-9?

6.666

6.666

>6

6.666

6.9?::H-9?

6.666

-6.9?6?H-9?

6.666

6.666

>5

-6.4940H-55 -6.4940H-55

-6.5?4:H-9?

6.666

6.469>H-9>

-6.5>88H-56

6.666

>9

6.666

-6.5894H-9?

6.666

6.9634H-9?

6.666

6.666

>?

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

-6.593:H-9?

6.666

6.5>90H-99

-6.0:38H-6:

6.9893H-99

>>

6.666

6.50:?H-9?

6.666

-6.5460H-9?

6.666

-6.343:H-9>

>8

6.666

6.05>0H-9?

6.666

6.:?60H-9>

6.666

6.343:H-9>

>0

6.9?93H-6:

6.56?>H-9>

6.666

-6.?05:H-9?

6.666

-6.>5?0H-9>

>4

-6.9?93H-6:

6.0:4:H-9>

6.666

6.94:9H-9?

6.666

6.>5?0H-9>

>3

6.666

-6.5?85H-9?

6.666

-6.93:8H-9?

6.666

6.666

>:

6.9?93H-6:

-6.4805H-9>

6.666

6.3949H-9>

-6.>084H-6:

6.59>5H-9?

86

6.666

-6.?344H-98

6.666

-6.?569H-9>

6.666

6.666

85

-6.9?93H-6:

6.56::H-9>

6.666

-6.55?4H-9? -6.55?4H-9?

6.666

6.>5?0H-9>

89

-6.9?93H-6:

6.8883H-9>

6.666

6.49?3H-9>

6.666

6.666


5

_XI_^HV;


5


GLNH

@S

@Z

@R

KS

KZ

KR

8?

6.960>H+64

-6.8>09H-56

-6.5305H+64

6.3958H-6:

6.383>H+64

6.?096H-6:

8>

6.9?93H-6:

-6.534>H-9>

6.666

-6.9?43H-9?

6.666

6.666

88

6.666

6.9380H-9?

6.9?93H-6:

6.?968H-9?

-6.:?5?H-6:

6.93:8H-9?

80

6.666

-6.8546H-98

6.666

6.?569H-9>

-6.:?5?H-6:

6.666

84

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.3949H-9>

6.666

6.>5?0H-9>

83

6.666

6.8546H-98

6.666

-6.3949H-9>

6.666

6.666

8:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.?569H-9>

6.666

6.666

06

-6.9?93H-6:

6.>89>H-98

6.666

-6.56?>H-9>

6.666

6.56?>H-9>



















LH>0?6 pert >



0>

6.9?93H-6:

-6.5963H-9?

-6.9?93H-6:

6.8546H-9>

6.666

-6.9033H-9?

08

6.666

6.0>09H-90

-6.9?93H-6:

6.8546H-9>

6.666

6.0:4:H-9?

00

6.9?93H-6:

-6.0:58H-9>

6.666

-6.?8:?H-9?

6.666

-6.>08?H-9>

04

6.666

6.>?:>H-9>

6.666

-6.5>4?H-9?

6.666

-6.59>5H-9?

03

6.666

6.>??6H-9>

6.9?93H-6:

6.5568H-9?

6.666

6.>908H-9>

0:

6.9?93H-6:

-6.5?84H-9>

-6.9?93H-6:

6.?344H-9?

-6.550>H-6:

-6.>949H-9?

46

6.9?93H-6:

6.?9?5H-9>

6.9?93H-6:

-6.9?43H-9?

6.666

6.9596H-9?

45

6.666

6.9838H-98

-6.9?93H-6:

6.:39?H-9>

6.666

-6.550?H-9? -6.550?H-9?

49

6.666

-6.89?8H-9>

6.8395H-56

-6.5?3:H-9>

6.8395H-56

6.9603H-9>

4?

6.666

6.9646H-9?

-6.8395H-56

-6.039>H-9?

6.666

6.999?H-9?

4>

6.666

-6.5:55H-9? -6.5:55H-9?

6.666

6.3300H-9?

6.666

-6.?54:H-9?

48

6.666

6.45>5H-9>

6.666

-6.?:35H-9?

6.666

6.95??H-9?

40

6.666

-6.4859H-9>

6.666

6.?984H-9?

6.5>88H-56

-6.5??3H-9?

44

6.666

6.5935H-9?

6.666

-6.>?>?H-9?

6.666

6.9643H-9?

43

6.666

-6.46>>H-9>

6.666

6.?>?3H-9?

-6.8395H-56

-6.5908H-9?

4:

6.666

6.>0?4H-9>

6.666

-6.550?H-9?

6.8395H-56

6.?3>8H-9>

36

6.666

-6.54:?H-9>

6.666

6.9838H-9>

6.666

6.59:9H-9>

35

-6.>8>4H-59

6.9>:0H-59

6.666

6.5465H-59

6.>90?H-5?

6.666

39

6.666

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

3?

6.666

-6.8000H-59

6.666

-6.>646H-5?

6.994>H-59

-6.803>H-5?

3>

6.666

6.?8?5H-59

6.666

-6.?>>6H-59

6.666

6.93>9H-5?

38

6.535:H-55

-6.934:H-59

6.666

-6.8?>8H-59

6.666

-6.93>9H-5?

30

6.535:H-55

6.95?3H-59

6.666

6.??34H-59

6.535:H-55

6.803>H-5?

34

-6.?0?3H-55 -6.?0?3H-55

-6.?50>H-59

6.666

6.>>8>H-59

6.?0?3H-55

6.666

33

6.666

6.88:4H-59

6.666

-6.9?:>H-59

-6.?0?3H-55

6.666

3:

-6.?0?3H-55 -6.?0?3H-55

-6.5?>0H-55 -6.5?>0H-55

6.666

-6.5?8>H-5?

-6.?0?3H-55

6.666

:6

-6.?0?3H-55 -6.?0?3H-55

6.:5>3H-59

6.666

-6.??60H-59

6.4940H-55

6.666

:5

6.666

6.9538H-59

6.666

-6.>9:6H-59

6.666

6.666

:9

6.666

6.666

-6.905:H-6:

6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.569?H-55

:?

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.9:56H-56

6.666

:>

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

:8

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

:0

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.550>H-6:

6.666

:4

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

:3

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

::

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

-6.>084H-6:

6.666

6.666

566

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

565

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.>084H-6:

6.666

6.666

569

-6.56?4H+64

-6.58:8H+64

-6.5308H+64

6.0505H+64

-6.>586H+64

6.5:35H+68

56?

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.>084H-6:

6.666





















LH>0?6 pert >



5

_XI_^HV;



5


GLNH

@S

@Z

@R

KS

KZ

KR

568

6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

560

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

564

6.550>H-6: 6.550>H-6:

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.:?5?H-6:

6.666

6.666

563

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.>084H-6:

6.666

56:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.>084H-6:

6.666

556

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

555 555

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

559

6.550>H-6: 6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

-6.550>H-6:

6.8395H-56

6.666

55?

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.8395H-56

6.666

6.666

55>

6.666

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

-6.9:56H-56

6.666

558

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.55?4H-59 -6.55?4H-59

550

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.9:56H-56

6.666

554

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.8395H-56

6.666

553

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.4940H-55 6.4940H-55

55:

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.4940H-55 -6.4940H-55

596

6.550>H-6:

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

595

6.666

6.666

6.8395H-56

6.666

6.666

6.666

599

-6.8395H-56

6.666

6.666

6.8395H-56

6.666

6.666

59?

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

59>

6.666

6.666

6.8395H-56

6.666

6.666

6.666

598

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.4940H-55 -6.4940H-55

-6.803>H-5?

590

6.666

6.666

6.9:56H-56

6.9:56H-56

6.666

-6.:6:8H-59

594

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.9:56H-56

6.666



















LH>0?6 pert >



5?:

-6.?0?3H-55 -6.?0?3H-55

6.?0>9H-59

6.666

6.56??H-59

6.4940H-55

6.666

5>6

6.666

-6.:454H-59

6.666

6.>9:6H-59

6.666

6.666

5>5

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.666

-6.34?5H-56

-6.>648H-6:

6.54>0H-6:

-6.9493H-55 -6.9493H-55

5>9

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

5>?

6.666

6.666

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

5>>

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

5>8

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

5>0

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

5>4

6.666

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

5>3

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

5>:

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

586

6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

-6.>084H-6:

6.666

6.666

585

-6.56?4H+64

6.58:8H+64

-6.5308H+64

-6.0505H+64

-6.>586H+64

-6.5:35H+68

589

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

58?

6.666

-6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

58>

6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

-6.>084H-6:

6.666

6.666

588

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.:?5?H-6:

6.666

6.666

580

6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

-6.:?5?H-6:

6.666

6.666


5

_XI_^HV;


5


GLNH

@S

@Z

@R

KS

KZ

KR

584

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.:?5?H-6:

6.666

6.666

583

6.666

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.666

-6.>084H-6:

6.666

58:

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

506

6.666

6.9?93H-6:

6.666

6.:?5?H-6:

6.666

6.666



















LH>0?6 pert >



549

-6.550>H-6: -6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.8395H-56

6.666

6.666

6.666

54?

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.535:H-55 -6.535:H-55

6.666

54>

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.4940H-55 -6.4940H-55

6.93>9H-5?

548

6.666

6.666

-6.9:56H-56

6.666

6.666

6.:6:8H-59

540

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

544

-6.8395H-56

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

6.666

543

6.550>H-6: 6.550>H-6:

6.666

6.666

6.666

-6.9:56H-56

6.666



















LH>0?6 pert >


Epphgnjx H

@lrkumes ushn `lr Ocepthr56




















LH>0?6 pert >



Epphgnjx @ Ltchr khtclns tl oemoumeth _O@s 

Khtcln 5

5.Yh`hrhgoh ireoh ihgnjgd _O@s `lr rh`hrhgoh ihgnjgd mlens (jg-pmegh egn lut-l`-pmegh) oeg ih oemoumethn `rlk hxjstjgd nhsjdg hquetjlgs `lr ^-bljgts. Enlptjgd tch `lrket jgtrlnuohn iy JJT Q58[ egn essukjgd y;:6¶, tch prlplshn _O@ hquetjlgs `lr rh`hrhgoh mlens et oclrn sennmh egn orlwg mloetjlgs cevh tch `lmmlwjgd `lrk2 x5

oclrn rh`

_O@

x9

       (  ,  , )      _O@ 6 ( )  59   6.8 

wchrh _O@ 6 js hjtchr olgstegt lr e ùgotjlg l` ι rh`mhotjgd tch _O@ vemuh `lr ο;59 egn t ; 6.81 egn S5, S9 erh olgstegt hxplghgts. ^ch vemuhs l`, S5 egn S9 erh _O@ 6 nhpjothn jg êimh 5 egn @jd. 5, jg thrks l` tch mlen olgnjtjlg egn tch mloetjlg ugnhr olgsjnhretjlg. @lr tch pertjoumer mloetjlg l` ireoh sennmh, tch _O@ nuh tl lut-l` pmegh rh`hrhgoh ihgnjgd oeg ih oemoumethn `rlk tch olrrhsplgnjgd _O@ vemuh et tch oclrn sennmh iy tch `lmmlwjgd hquetjlg2

 9  _O@rohc` lrn   5  > 

_O@rih`reoh  





















LH>0?6 pert >



êimh 5

9. Oclrn ihgnjgd Oclrn ihgnjgd e``hots lgmy oclrn orlwg mloetjlgs, egn e olgstegt _O@ vemuh l`5.> js suddhsthn (êimh 5). ^ch oclrn klkhgt sclumn ih egemyzhn jg twl olkplghgts, lgh emlgd tch exjs l` tch ireoh ugnhr olgsjnhretjlg egn lgh phrphgnjoumer tl tcjs njrhotjlg. njrhotjlg. ^ch _O@ sclumn sclumn kumtjpmy tch glkjgem strhss `rlk `rlk tch metthr olkplghgt. olkplghgt. ?. Oerry-lvhr ireoh ihgnjgd Oerry-lvhr h``hots nuh tl jg-pmegh ihgnjgd erh skemm egn key ih ghdmhothn `lr nhsjdg purplshs. Lg tch ltchr cegn, tch oerry-lvhr h``hots ihoeush l` lut-l`-pmegh ihgnjgd erh sjdgj`joegt egn sclumn ih olgsjnhrhn et sennmh mloetjlgs. Ieshn lg tch @H nete, e sjkpmh egn h``jojhgt khtclnlmldy js suddhsthn `lr oemoumetjgd oerry-lvhr _O@s ugnhr lut-l`-pmegh ihgnjgd et sennmh mloetjlgs. ^ch olrrhsplgnjgd perekhtrjo hquetjlg `lr _O@s et oclrn sennmh mloetjlgs ces tch `lmmlwjgd `lrk2 oclrn

_O@ _O@ olv



( ,  ,  ,  )



z5(  ) z 9 ( )z ) z ? ( )()



















LH>0?6 pert >



h (t9-t5)/9 + èirjoetjlg tlmhregoh èirjoetjlg tlmhregoh ; 6.5*t5 iut =3kk egn 79kk êimh 9 _O@ ushn iy K htcln 9 Oemoumetjlg l` _O@ t5

6.60?8

t9

6.5650

h

6.698>

_O@

5.4:>

@rlk eilvh emm, wh oeg keah e olgomusjlg tcet tch khtcln egn essukptjlgs ushn jg tch prhvjlus oemoumetjlg prlohss js olgshrvetjvh. olgshrvetjvh.



















LH>0?6 pert >



MJ_^ L@ ÊIMH_ êimh 5 _jth sphoj`jo nete ............................................................................................................................................. > êimh 9 Vrhmjkjgery njkhgsjlgs l` tch struoturh-Njkhgsjlg struoturh-Njkhgsjlg 5.................................................................................... 4 êimh ? Vrhmjkjgery njkhgsjlgs l` tch struoturh-Njkhgsjlg struoturh-Njkhgsjlg 9.................................................................................... 3 êimh > Ollrnjgeths `lr heoc ahy pljgts .................................................................................................................... 56 êimh 8 Kethrjem prlphrty ........................................................................................................................................... 55 êimh 0 Thjdct egn ohgthr l` drevjty l` tch struoturh .................................................................................................55 êimh 4 Iulyegoy l` tch struoturh ............................................................................................................................. 59 êimh 3 Tevh perekhthrs `lr cynrlnygekjo mlens oemoumetjlg.................................................................................. 59 êimh : Hqujvemhgt _tjoa klnhm `lr tch heoc khkihr ............................................................................................... 5? êimh 56 Oemoumetjlg l` tch cynrlnygekjo mlens lg tch struoturh ............................................................................. 58 êimh 55 Cynrlnygekjo egn phrkeghgt `lroh rherregdhn lgtl bljgts ....................................................................... 54 êimh 59 Khkihr `lrohs ............................................................................................................................................ 53 êimh 5? _trhss ochoa `lr heoc khkihr..................................................................................................................... 53 êimh 5> Methrem `lroh egn ihgnjgd klkhgt l` heoc khkihr jg njkhgsjlg 9 .......................................................... 96 êimh 58 _teijmjty ochoa `lr heoc khkihr jg nj khgsjlg 9 ........................................................................................ 95 êimh 50 Lptjkjzhn njkhgsjlg ‟ njkhgsjlg ‟ njkhgsjlg njkhgsjlg ? .......................................................................................................... 99 êimh 54 Geturem `rhquhgoy l` tch trjpln struoturh jg njkhgsjlg ? ........................................................................... 9? êimh 53 Geturem `rhquhgoy l` tch trjpln struoturh jg njkhgsjlg 9 ........................................................................... 9> êimh 5: Lptjkjzhn njkhgsjlg ‟ njkhgsjlg ‟ njkhgsjlg njkhgsjlg ? .......................................................................................................... 90 êimh 96 Hqujvemhgt _tjoa klnhm `lr tch heoc khkihr jg njkhgsjlg ? ..................................................................... 94 êimh 95 Oemoumetjlg l` tch cynrlnygekjo mlens lg tch struoturh jg njkhgsjlg ? .................................................... 94 êimh 99 Cynrlnygekjo egn phrkeghgt `lroh rherregdhn lgtl bljgts jg njkhgsjlg ? .............................................. 93 êimh 9? Khkihr `lrohs jg njkhgsjlg ?.................................................................................................................... 93



















LH>0?6 pert >



êimh >? Clt splt strhss ............................................................................................................................................. >9 êimh >> suphrplsjtjlg l` nj``hrhgt mlens ................................................................................................................... >9 êimh >8 Vertjem se`hty èotlr `lr ètjduh strhgdtc  K` eoolrnjgd tl tl Hurlolnh ?.................................................... >? êimh >0 Hquetjlgs `lr tch _rcs

 G `

ourvhs `lr OC_ bljgts( >kk  t

 86kk ) .............................................. >?



















LH>0?6 pert >



MJ_^ L@ @JDXYH_ @jdurh 5 Mloetjlg l` tch sjth `lr tch nhsjdg ................................................................................................................. ? @jdurh 9 Thjiumm Thjiumm `jt l` tch sjdgj`joegt wevh chjdct njstrjiutjlg lvhr tch wclmh yhers‚ tjkh ....................................... tjkh ....................................... > @jdurh ? Meihm l` tch wclmh struoturh .......................................................................................................................... 8 @jdurh > Egdmh jmmustretjlg l` tch struoturh .................................................................................................................. 0 @jdurh 8 Vmlt `lr Njkhgsjlg 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 4 @jdurh 0 Vmlt `lr Njkhgsjlg 9 ..................................................................................................................................... 3 @jdurh 4 Ollrnjgeth ushn jg struoturem strhgdtc esshsskhgt ...................................................................................... 56 @jdurh 3 ^regs`hr l` tch hgvjrlgkhgtem mlens tl glnhs .............................................................................................. 50 @jdurh : _trhss omlun l` tch trjpln struoturh ugnhr njkhgsjlg 9 jg `rlgt vjhw .......................................................... 5: @jdurh 56 _trhss omlun l` tch trjpln struoturh ugnhr njkhgsjlg 9 jg methrem vjhw ..................................................... 5: @jdurh 55 5-kess-sprjgd-nescplt 5-kess-sprjgd-nescplt systhk................................................................................................................... 99 @jdurh 59 9-kess-sprjgd-nescplt systhk .................................................................................................................. 9? @jdurh 5? Holglkjoem nhsjdg `rhquhgoy regdh.......................................................................................................... 9> @jdurh 5> rhmetjlg ihtwhhg Yhyglmns gukihr egn strlucem gukihr ......................................................................... 98 @jdurh 58 `mlw-ocert egemysjs l` vlrthx-jgnuoh ......................................................................................................... 90 @jdurh 50 _trhss omlun l` tch trjpln struoturh ugnhr njkhgsjlg ? jg `rlgt vjhw ........................................................ 9: @jdurh 54 _trhss omlun l` tch trjpln struoturh ugnhr njkhgsjlg ? jg methrem vjhw ..................................................... 9: @jdurh 53 Bljgt strhgdtc jg oclrn ............................................................................................................................... ?5 @jdurh 5: Oyomjo _trhsshs........................................................................................................................................... ?? @jdurh 96 Bljgt GL.5- kumtj-pmeger ^/Z bljgts .......................................................................................................... ?0 @jdurh 95 Olkperjslg l` nj``hrhgt khtclns `lr tch ètjduh hvemuetjlg l` trjpln bljgts Q56[ ........................................ ?0

Primary design of a tripod supporting structure for wind turbine

Recommend Documents