Productivity rates of common items of work Productivity rates of some important items of work are presented here to have an over view of construction trends in the industry. The capacity of doing work by an artisan & skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day (working 8 hours ) is given below: Sr.#
Particulars of item
1.
Earth work in excavation in ordinary soil including disposal upto (30 m) & lift (1.5 m) Earth filling under floors including compaction in 6” layers Disposal of surplus earth within a lead of 30 m Excavation in rock
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Quantity of work per day 3 cubic meter
Kind of labour required per day Mazdoor 1 Mason 1/22
6 cubic meter
Mazdoor 1 Bhishti 1/34 Mazdoor 1
3 cubic meter 5 cubic meter
Earth work over roofing including ramming Cement concrete 1:4:8, 1:5:10, 1:6:12 & 1:6:18 in foundation with brick ballast or stone ballast Plain cement concrete 1:2:4
3 cubic meter
R.C.C 1:2:4 in slabs, lintels & column etc. including bending, binding, centering &shuttering
4 cubic meter
8 cubic meter 6 cubic meter
Mazdoor 1 Mason 1/22 Mazdoor 1 Mason 1/22 Mazdoor 12 Mason 1 Bhishti 1 ¾ Mazdoor 9 Mason 1 Bhishti 1 ½ Mazdoor 16 Mason 1 Black smith 1 ½ Carpenter 1 ½
9.
Damp proof course 4 cm thick 1:2:4 concrete with two coats of hot bitumen laid hot
10 sq. meter
10.
Lime concrete in foundation
8 cubic meter
11.
Damp proof course 2.5 cm thick, 1:2:4 concrete with two coats of bitumen laid hot
12 sq. meter
12.
Reinforced brick work laid in cement mortar 1:2 or 1:3 in slabs & lintels
1 cubic meter
13.
1ts class brick work in cement mortar in foundation & plinth
1.5 cubic meter
14.
1st class brick work in cement mortar in super structure
1.3 cubic meter
15.
Plastering with any mortar ½”thick
13 sq. meter
16.
Cement pointing or lime pointing
10 sq. meter
17.
Cement pointing flush variety
20 sq. meter
18.
60 sq. meter
21.
White washing or colour washing (3 coats) White washing or colour washing (2 coats) White washing or colour washing (1 coat) Distempering (1 coat)
22.
Distempering (2 coats)
20 sq. meter
19. 20.
80 sq. meter 140 sq. meter 35 sq. meter
Bhishti 2 Mazdoor 2 ½ Mason 1 ½ Bhishti ½ Mazdoor 12 Mason 1 Bhishti 1 ¾ Mazdoor 2 Mason 1 ½ Bhishti ½ Mazdoor 3 Mason 1 Carpenter 1/10 Black smith 1/10 Bhishti 1/5 Mazdoor 2 Mason 1 Bhishti ¼ Mazdoor 2 Mason 1 Bhishti ¼ Mazdoor 1 Mason 1 Bhishti 3/5 Mazdoor 1 Mason 1 Bhishti 1/10 Mason 1 Mazdoor 1 White washer 1 Mazdoor 1 White washer 1 Mazdoor 1 White washer 1 Mazdoor 1 Painter 1 Mazdoor ½ Painter 1 Mazdoor 1
23. 24. 25. 26.
27.
28. 29.
Painting on new wood work with 3 coats of approved paint Painting 2 coats excluding priming coat on n wood work Painting old wood work one coat only Varnishing 2 coats on new wood work
15 sq. meter 20 sq. meter 50 sq. meter 16 sq. meter
Cement concrete flooring 4 cm 8 sq. meter thick concrete 1:2:4 Over 10 cm thick cement concrete 1:6:18 over 10 cm thick sand filling Brick flooring 10 cm concrete 12 sq. meter 1:6:18 over 10cm sand filling & cement pointed flush Making frames of doors & 18 cubic windows (chowkats) meter * Data from “Civil Estimating & Costing” by S.P.Mahajan
Painter 1 Mazdoor ½ Painter 1 Mazdoor ½ Painter 1 Mazdoor ½ Painter 1 Mazdoor ½
Mazdoor 2 Mason 1 ½ Bhishti 4/5 Brick layer 1 ½ Mazdoor 2 Bhishti ½ Carpenter 2 Mazdoor 1
Another set of information on productivity rates obtained from another source is presented as follows: Sr.# 1.
Quantity per day 45 cft per mason
2.
Particulars of items Brick work in lime or cement in foundation & plinth --do—in super structure
3.
Brick work in mud mortar in foundation & plinth
55 cft per mason
4.
-- do—in super structure
45 cft per mason
5.
Brick work in cement or lime mortar in arches
20 cft per mason
6.
--do—in jack arches
20 cft per mason
7.
Half brick wall in partition
50 sft per mason
35 cft per mason
8.
30 cft per mason
10.
Coursed rubble stone masonry in lime or cement mortar including dressing Random rubble stone masonry in lime or cement mortar Ashlar masonry in lime or cement mortar
11.
Stone arch work
15 cft per mason
12.
Lime concrete in foundation or floor
300 cft per mason
13.
Lime concrete in roofing
200 cft per mason
14.
Cement concrete 1:2:4
175 cft per mason
15.
R.B work
35 cft per mason
16.
R.C.C WORK
125 cft per mason
17.
½” Plastering with cement or lime mortar
80 sft per mason
18.
Pointing with cement or lime mortar
100 sft per mason
19.
White washing or colour washing (3 coats)
700 sft per white washer
20.
White washing or colour washing (1 coat)
2000 sft per white washer
21.
Painting or varnishing doors or windows (1 coat)
250 sft per painter
22.
Coal taring or solignum painting one coat
350 sft per painter
23.
Painting large surface 1 coat
350 sft per painter
24.
Distempering one coat
350 sft per painter
25.
1” c.c floor
75 sft per painter
26.
Flag-stone floor laying with lime or cement excluding L.C. Terrazzo floor 6mm thick mosaic work over 2cm thick cement concrete (1:2:4)
100 sft per mason
9.
27.
35 cft per mason 15 cft per mason
50 sft per mason
28.
70 sft per mason
29.
Brick on edge in floor with lime or cement mortar excluding L.C. Brick flat floor as in above
30.
Timber framing sal or teak wood
2.5 cft per carpenter
31.
--do--country wood
5 cft per carpenter
32.
Door & window shutters paneled or glazed
1.5 sft per carpenter
33.
--do-- battened
8 sft per carpenter
34.
Sawing hard wood
40 sft per pair of sawyers
35.
Sawing soft wood
60 sft per pair of sawyers
36.
Earthwork in excavation in ordinary soil
100 cft per beldar mazdoor
37.
Earthwork in excavation in hard soil
75 cft per beldar mazdoor
38.
Excavation in rock
35 cft per beldar mazdoor
39.
Sand filling in plinth
140 cft per beldar mazdoor
40.
Number of bricks laid by mason in brickwork upto a height of 10’
600 bricks per mason
41.
Amount of work-done by a mazdoor (helper) per day: • Mix • Deliver brick • Deliver mortar
1) 100 cft mortar per mazdoor 2) 4000 no. to a distance of 50’ per mazdoor 3) 200 cft per mazdoor
80 sft per mason
Labour (mazdoor) required for different works a) Earthwork per 1000 cft: Excavation in foundations, trenches etc. in ordinary soil including disposal up to 100’ & lift of 5’:
5 beldars & 4 mazdoors can do 1000 cft per day Refilling excavated earth in foundations, plinth etc. including compaction in 6” layers: 3 beldars, 2 mazdoors & ½ Bhishti can do 1000 cft per day Disposal of surplus earth within a lead of 100: 1 mazdoor can do 100 cft per day b) Cement concrete work per 100 cft: Laying cement concrete: 2 beldars, 3 mazdoors, ¾ Bhishti & ¼ mason can do 100 cft per day c) R.C.C work: Laying reinforced concrete: 3 beldars, 3 mazdoors, 1 1/3 bhishti & ½ mason can do 100 cft per day Centering & shuttering for flat surfaces: 4 beldars & 4 carpenters can do 90 sft per day Reinforcement work for R.C.C: 1 blacksmith or fixer & 1 beldar can bend & place in position 1 quintal of steel per day d) Stone work per 100 cft: Random rubble masonry with blue stone in foundations: 3 masons, 3 beldars, 2 mazdoors & ¼ bhishti can do 100 cft per day e) Brickwork per 100 cft: First class brick work in 1:4 cement mortar in super structure, partition walls, junctions of roof, Parapet walls & string course: 2 ¼ masons,4 ½ mazdoors & ½ bhishti can do 100 cft per day
f) Wood work: For the frames of doors & windows: 2 carpenters & 1 beldar can work (6.40 cft) of wood equivalent to 4 door frames (3”x4” of 3’11”x 7’) size per day For paneled, glazed shutters: 15 carpenters & 4 beldars can make & fix 4 shutters (40mm) thick of size (6’9”x3’9”) per day. Quantity of wood per shutter (2.66 cft) g) Iron work: Fixing (1 ½”x1/6”x15”) flat iron hold-fasts: 1 blacksmith, 1 mason & 1 beldar can fix 36 holdfasts per day Fixing 5/8” dia M.S rods: 1 blacksmith, 2 carpenters & 3 beldars can fix (54 ft) per day h) Flooring: 1 ½” thick cement concrete flooring of 400 sft require: 5 masons, 4 beldars, 3 mazdoors & 1 bhishti per day for mixing, laying & finishing. i) Finishing: Plastering with any mortar ½” thick: 3 masons, 3 mazdoors & 1 bhishti can plaster 400 sft per day. White washing or colour washing (3 coats): 1 white washer & 1 mazdoor can do 600 sft per day Painting 2 coats such as chocolate, red, grey etc. on wood or steel: 3 painters & 2 mazdoors can paint 100 sft per day.
* Data from “estimating & costing in civil engineering” by N.L. DUTTA (25th ed.) Productivity rates of some important items of work as obtained from internet are tabulated below: Excavation Work Task / Description
Slow
Ave
Fast Units
Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Sand/Soil
14.5
20.0
25.6 m3/hr
Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Gravel Beds
15.2
20.4
25.6 m3/hr
Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk
12.3
18.5
23.2 m3/hr
Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 0.6m3 bucket, Boulder Clay
11.2
16.9
21.3 m3/hr
Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Sand/Soil
25.4
30.3
35.7 m3/hr
Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Gravel Beds
25.6
31.3
37.0 m3/hr
Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk
22.5
27.8
33.3 m3/hr
Excavate Spoil Heaps to Transport, 1.1m3 bucket, Boulder Clay
18.9
24.4
30.3 m3/hr
Load Spoil to Barge, capacity 2,000m3
-
8.0
- hrs
Load Spoil to Barge, capacity 1,500m3
-
6.5
- hrs
Load Spoil to Barge, capacity 1,000m3
-
5.5
- hrs
Spoil conveyor, 600mm belt, 150m/min
- 260.0
- m3/hr
Concrete Road surfacing Task / Description Concrete Road surfacing, Kerbs or Side Haunches
Slow
Ave
Fast Units
-
0.4
- m3/hr
Concrete Road surfacing, 150mm thick
-
12.5
- m2/hr
Concrete Road surfacing, 200mm thick
-
7.7
- m2/hr
Concrete Road surfacing, 300mm thick
-
6.7
- m2/hr
Basecourse Production Rates: We have found these production rates a good rule of thumb for the construction of Basecourse Urban environment: Spread & Compact Production = 30m3/hr Trimming Production = 250m2/hr Rural environment: Spread & Compact Production = 50m3/hr Trimming Production = 350m2/hr Waterproofing Task / Description
Slow
Ave
Fast Units
Asphalt coatings, horizontal surfaces
3.5
4.2
5.8 m2/hr
Asphalt coatings, vertical surfaces
1.2
1.7
2.2 m2/hr
Bituminous Brushed application, 2 coats
4.8
5.0
6.3 m2/hr
Bituminous Brushed application, 3 coats
3.3
3.5
4.4 m2/hr
Bituminous Sheets, horizontal surfaces
3.8
4.0
4.8 m2/hr
Bituminous Sheets, vertical surfaces
3.3
3.5
4.2 m2/hr
Polythene Sheets, horizontal surfaces
-
20.0
- m2/hr
Bentonite Sheets, horizontal surfaces
18.7
25.0
31.3 m2/hr
Bentonite Sheets, vertical surfaces
11.2
15.0
17.3 m2/hr
-
75.0
- m2/hr
Epoxy Based application, 1 coat
Epoxy Based application, 2 coat
-
38.0
- m2/hr
Wallpapering Task / Description
Slow
Ave
Fast Units
Strip Existing Wallpaper (3 layers) & Prepare Walls
-
5.0
- m2/hr
Fix Wallpaper and lining paper
-
5.0
- m2/hr
Fix Vinyl and Washable paper
-
4.2
- m2/hr
Fix Ceiling Lining Paper
-
4.0
- m2/hr
Slow
Ave
Fast Units
Mosaic Tiling, 0.045x0.045m
-
1.1
1.5 no/hr
Clay, quarry Tiles, Window Cills, setout and level
-
55.5
- m/hr
Clay, quarry Tiles, Window Cills, fix, grout and clean
-
1.5
- m2/hr
20.4
27.1
32.0 no/hr
Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas under 1.5m2 per room
0.9
1.0
1.2 m2/hr
Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas of 1.5-2.5m2 per room
1.4
1.6
1.9 m2/hr
Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Areas over 2.5m2 per room
1.5
1.7
2.1 m2/hr
Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Extra Over for Cutting
-
41.6
- no/hr
Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Ledges/Upstands
-
62.5
- no/hr
Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas under 1.5m2 per room
1.0
1.3
1.5 m2/hr
Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas of 1.5-2.5m2 per room
1.6
1.8
2.1 m2/hr
Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Areas over 2.5m2 per room
1.7
1.9
2.2 m2/hr
- 125.0
- no/hr
Wall Finishes Task / Description
Ceramic Tiles 150x150mm, Ledges/Upstands
Ceramic Tiles 108x108mm, Extra Over for Cutting
Ceramic Tiles, Grouting Works
2.2
2.5
2.6 m2/hr
Slow
Ave
Fast Units
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Sand/Soil
5.6
7.1
8.2 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Gravel Beds
4.8
6.1
7.3 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk
4.8
6.1
7.1 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.3m3 bucket, Hard Ground
9.7
5.4
6.4 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Sand/Soil
20.5
25.0
29.2 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Gravel Beds
18.2
22.2
26.0 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk
18.2
22.2
26.0 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.4m3 bucket, Hard Ground
17.0
20.0
23.4 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Sand/Soil
26.0
28.6
33.1 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Gravel Beds
26.3
28.6
33.2 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Clay/Chalk
26.3
28.6
33.2 m3/hr
Hydraulic Excavator, 0.5m3 bucket, Hard Ground
22.7
25.0
28.8 m3/hr
Excavate and Board Trench, 0.5-1.5m deep, < 2.0m wide
3.3
4.5
6.8 m2/hr
Excavate and Board Trench, 1.5-3.0m deep, < 2.0m wide
3.0
4.2
6.5 m2/hr
Excavate and Board Trench, 3.0-4.5m deep, < 2.0m wide
2.7
4.0
6.0 m2/hr
Excavate and Board Trench, 0.5-1.5m deep, > 2.0m wide
6.6
7.1
8.8 m2/hr
Slow
Ave
Fast Units
-
1.3
- no/hr
Trench Excavation Task / Description
Timber Frames Task / Description Roof Trusses
Wall Plates
-
2.7
- m/hr
Roof Rafters
-
1.2
- m/hr
Ceiling Joists
-
32.1
- m/hr
Roof Soffits, Softwood, nailed
-
9.2
- m/hr
Roof Soffits, Softwood, screwed
-
3.9
- m/hr
Roof Soffits Asbestos, under 300mm nailed
-
9.1
- m/hr
Roof Soffits Asbestos, under 300mm screwed
-
3.8
- m/hr
Roof Soffits, Asbestos, over 300mm nailed
-
3.5
- m/hr
Roof Soffits, Asbestos, over 300mm screwed
-
1.3
- m/hr
Roof Facia Panels, Softwood
5.1
7.2
9.3 m/hr
Roof Facia Panels, Asbestos
1.3
2.5
3.9 m/hr
Roof Facia Panel Studding, nailed
7.3
8.1
9.0 m/hr
Roof Facia Panel Studding, screwed
4.6
5.2
5.8 m/hr
Roof Facia Panel Studding, bolted to beams
5.4
5.9
6.6 m/hr
Roof Works, Fix Herringbone Strutting
-
5.1
- m/hr
Roof Works, Fix Firing Strips
-
25.0
- m/hr
Roof Works, Fix Drip/Tilt Filleting
-
20.5
- m/hr
Slow
Ave
3.4
-
Steel Frames Task / Description Steel Frame and Roof Members
Fast Units 4.6
Tons/da y
Wall Frame, Bow String Truss and Frame
-
1.6
-
Tons/da y
Roof Frame, Curved Truss and Frame
-
5.2
-
Tons/da y
Wall Frame, Glazed Frame and Atrium
-
0.3
-
Tons/da y
Slow
Ave
Slate Roofs, Welsh Slate 3-5mm
-
18.0
- m2/day
Slate Roofs, Cumbrian Slate 8-11mm
-
8.5
- m2/day
Slate Roofs, Asbestos Slates
-
36.0
- m2/day
Tiled Roofs, Concrete Tiles
-
52.0
- m2/day
Tiled Roofs, Clay Pan Tiles
-
26.0
- m2/day
Slow
Ave
PVC Sheeted Roofs, large areas
-
50.0
- m2/day
PVC Sheeted Roofs, small areas
-
40.0
- m2/day
Plastic Profiled Sheet Systems
-
54.0
- m2/day
Slow
Ave
Fast Units
-
3.3
- m/hr
Slates and Tiling Task / Description
Fast Units
Sheeted Roofs Task / Description
Fast Units
Rainwater Works Task / Description UPVC Downpipes, 75mm
UPVC Guttering, 75mm
-
3.1
- m/hr
UPVC RWP Fittings, 75mm
-
3.1
- no/hr
Cast Iron Downpipes, 75mm
-
2.1
- m/hr
Cast Iron Guttering, 75mm
-
2.5
- m/hr
Cast Iron RWP Fittings, 75mm
-
2.2
- no/hr
Aluminium Downpipes, 72mm
-
2.5
- m/hr
Aluminium Guttering, 72mm
-
2.9
- m/hr
Aluminium RWP Fittings, 72mm
-
1.9
- no/hr
Curtain Walling Task / Description
Slow Ave
Fast Units
Vertical Glazed Lights, 6m x 2.5m
- 14.5
- m2/day
Vertical Glazed Walls, large scale
- 70.0
- m2/day
Clerestory Frame/Glazing, 3m x 4m
- 28.0
- m2/day
Oriel Window Frame/Glazing, 4m x 2m
- 35.0
- m2/day
Glazed Curtain Wall, First Fix
-
1.2
- m2/hr
Glazed Curtain Wall, Second Fix
-
1.1
- m2/hr
High Quality Glazed Curtain Walling
- 25.0
- m2/day
Metal Decking Task / Description Metal Decking, large areas
Slow
Ave
-
70.0
Fast Units - m2/da
y Metal Decking, small or complicated
-
28.0
-
m2/da y
Titanium Sheeted Roofs
-
9.5
-
m2/da y
Copper Roofs, flat work
-
3.0
-
m2/da y
Copper Roofs, sloping work
-
2.7
- m2/dy
Zinc Roofs, flat work
-
2.4
-
m2/da y
Zinc Roofs, sloping work
-
2.1
-
m2/da y
Aluminium Roofs, flat work
-
2.8
-
m2/da y
Aluminium Roofs, sloping work
-
1.9
-
m2/da y
Lead Roofs, flat work
-
2.5
-
m2/da y
Lead Roofs, sloping work
-
2.1
-
m2/da y
Lead Roofs, dormer cheeks
-
1.3
-
m2/da y
Lead Roofs, flat gutters
-
88.0
- m/day
Lead Roofs, flat copings
-
76.0
- m/day
Lead Roofs, stepped gutters
-
3.5
- m/day
Lead Roofs, shaped copings
-
3.3
- m/day
Lead Roofs, cover step flashings
-
3.2
- m/day
Lead Roofs, rooflight flashings
-
0.8
- no/day
Lead Roofs, domed roof coverings
-
m2/da y
-
0.7
Slow
Ave
Asphalt Roof in layers
-
45.0
-
Asbestos Sheets in layers
-
39.0
- m2/dy
Flat and Layered Roofs Task / Description
Fast Units m2/da y
