Department of Mechanical Engineering
SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR. CHANDRAPUR - 442401(MH)
A Project Report on
“PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE" Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Diploma in Mechanical Engineering .
Submitted by :
Prajwal S. Kamble (G.L.)
Vishal B. Mandal
Mahesh B. Potraje
Nilesh K. Mahse
Gajanan B. Rathod
Sahil S. Khobragade
Under the guidance of : Prof. S.M. DHENGLE ( LECTURERS IN MECHANICAL DEPT.)
CERTIFICATE
This is certified that the project entitled “PEDAL OPERATED WASHING
MACHINE” in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the diploma in Mechanical Engineering of (MSBTE) Mumbai , is a record of student ‘own work carried under our supervision and guidance. The project report embodies result of original work and studies carried out by student and the content do not forms the basis for the award of any other diploma to the candidate or to anybody else.
SUBMITTED BYPrajwal S. Kamble (G.L.)
Vishal B. Mandal
Mahesh B. Potraje
Nilesh K. Mahse
Gajanan B. Rathod
Sahil S. Khobragade
In the fulfillment for the award of diploma in mechanical Engineering By M.S.B.T.E. Mumbai in an award of their own work carried out by them under the guidance and supervision for the academic
Session 2016-2017
Prof. S.M. DHENGLE
Prof. R. B. CHARDE SIR
Prof. S. N. PILLARE SIR
(Project Guide)
( H. O. D.)
(Principal)
Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
Shri Sai Poly, Chandrapur
Shri Sai Poly, Chandrapur
Shri Sai Poly, Chandrapur
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that we are Student of Mechanical Engineering , Shri Sai Polytechnic , Chandrapur .We are working on project under the guidance of Prof. A. Landge. Further, this work has been submitted in full to obtained diploma in the studies described in this report entitled “PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE” in subject Mechanical engineering
is
carried
out
by
Prajwal S. Kamble (G.L.) Mahesh Potraje Gajanan Rathod Vishal B. Mandal Sahil Khobragade Nilesh Mahse
EXAMINER CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that dissertation on
“PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE"
us.
Is examined by the following Examiner on date
/ 04/2017
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are sincerely thankful to Prof. S.M. DHENGLE Workshop Superintendent for his valuable guidance and encouragement time to time. All other members of Faculty of Mechanical, SSPC for giving us time to time support in doing this project. We express a word of thanks to our friends for their constant support, suggestions and encouragement during preparation of this project. Finally, we thank God for giving us the loving siblings and affectionate parents, who blessed us with everything all throughout our life. Our gratitude to them cannot be expressed in words. To them we owe our wonderful today and a dream filled tomorrow.
We express our deep sense of gratitude to HOD, Prof. R. B. CHARDE, Mechanical Department, Shri Sai Polytechnic, Chandrapur . For giving us opportunity to carry out this project. With immense pleasure we express our deep sense of gratitude and respectful to . S.M. DHENGLE who was guiding us by giving his valuable suggestions, constructive criticism and encouragement, which helped us to keep our spirits high and to deal with problems. His meticulous methodology, critical assessment and warm encouragement made it possible for me to bring the work in its present shape.
ABSTRACT
Pedal Operated Washing Machine (POWM) is a low cost washing machine made up of easily and readily available scrap parts in daily life. It is a machine which generates power through human pedaling and with the drive mechanism, converts the pedaling motion into required rotary motion of the drum. Its innovation lies in its simple design, use of inexpensive parts, very low repairing and maintenance cost, affordability to each member of the society and it does not affect the environment. Our team intends to directly address the problems faced in washing clothes, and thus have developed a new design for easy effort in washing, rinsing and drying clothes. POWM is a completely new concept, which in its one laundry cycle does washing, rinsing and drying of clothes similar to that of an automatic washing machine available in the market.
CONTENT
Introduction Literature Survey Principle Design Consideration Construction Working Calculations Costing Advantages Disadvantages Applications Future Scope Reference Actual Photographs
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
A pedal-powered washing machine would allow women to wash clothes faster and with less strain. It project covers one of the daily house-hold activities (washing clothes) but solves a lot of other problems with it as well. We all wash clothes either by our hands or use power driven washing machines. Over the years, this has been either a very strenuous and time consuming or an expensive process. The project intends to solve the problem faced by so many persons in their day-to-day life.
In the rural areas where electric supply is unavailable and expensive, powered washing machines becomes almost impractical. It is a project, which is under taken to solve the problem of electric supply of people. At village, to run washing machine source of power is electricity. In India most of village is suffering from shortage of electricity. This project is especially very useful for the hostel Boys. Several attempts have been made to develop a solution for these areas and to solve these problems, but either the project in itself becomes very expensive, or the repair and maintenance of the machines require a lot of money and imported parts to replace. In developing countries, rural women are among the least privileged. Women are both essential to the family unit and integral to the economy, yet they rarely have equal opportunities for education, career development, or social status when compared to men. One factor behind the inequality is the long list of responsibilities that traditionally fall to Women. Not only do women perform agricultural duties and care for livestock alongside men, but women are also responsible for many domestic chores. Usually, new technology improves people's efficiency, but women benefit less from new technology for several reasons.
A pedal-powered washing machine would allow women to wash clothes faster and with less strain. When asked what they would do with their free time, women said that they would try to generate income by making crafts or food to sell. Young daughters who help their mothers with domestic chores may also have the opportunity to concentrate more on their studies. Laundromat micro-enterprises may even arise if our washing machines are successful. Conditions vary in developing countries, but women in many regions are washing clothes manually while they could be doing more profitable or rewarding work elsewhere.
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY
LITERATURE SURVEY OF THE PEDAL POWERED WASHING MACHINE The Pedal Operated washing machine used to wash clothes. POWM helps to obtain a less effort uniform washing. It can be used in places where Electricity is not available. It is designed as portable one which can be used for washing in various Places. The main parts of are washing machine are sprocket and chain drive, wheel and multi utility drum. By pedaling the rotation is transmitted from chain drive , belt drive and at last to gears hence it rotates the impeller multiutility drum for the washing. Thus wash the clothes without any external energy like fuel or current. Since this uses no electric power and fuel, this is very cheap and best. The surveys of the literature regarding the POWM are listed: Dharwa Chaitanya Kirti Kumar designed and developed a multipurpose machine which does not require electricity for several operations like cutting, grinding etc. This is a human powered machine runs on chain drives mainly with human efforts. But if you wanted to operate this machine by electric power this machine can also does that. It has some special attachment so use both human power as well as electric power. The design is ideal for use in the developing world because it doesn’t require electricity and can be built using metal base, chain, pulley ,rubber belt, grinding wheel, saw, bearing, foot pedal (for operated by human) ,electric motor, chain socket. S.G. Bahaley , Dr. Ague, Awate, S.V.Saharkar designed and fabricated a pedal powered multipurpose machine. It is a human powered machine which is developed for lifting the water to a height 10 meter and generates 14 Volt, 4 ampere of electricity in most effective way. Power required for pedaling is well below the capacity of an average healthy human being. The system is also useful for the work out purpose because pedalling will act as a health exercise and also doing a useful work. We studied the page INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 3, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2014
ISSN 2277-8616 This study aims to design and fabricate a pedal driven
washing machine to obtain a less effort uniform washing.
MARKET SURVEY
For the purpose of our analysis we have chosen leading brands as follows . Among the several features available within the Product we have considered only a few on the basis of which customers take their decision. Here the washing machine is having four types of model – Semiautomatic Fully Automatic Front Loading Top Loading
Capacity in kg Upto 5.9 kg 6 - 6.9 kg 7 – 7.9 kg 8 kg and above
The most important factor that is the price . Whereas Whirlpool is having only two types of model Fully Automatic and Top load, Semi Automatic. In case of LG it varies from Rs 6850 to almost Rs 37000 whereas the price of Whirlpool range between Rs 10000 to Rs 20000. LG likes to bring out its product in colours of white base, but Whirlpool gives an option of deep colour like red and brown etc. However the washing capacity of both brands are almost same and it ranges between 5.5 kg to 7 kg. LG gives an option of separate washer and Dryer but Whirlpool does not gives us an option. On the basis of such characteristics the company create product differentiation and try to penetrate into the market. Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target Population or the market require sunder different assumptions of price, Quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. The latest demand for washing machines in India is not actual or historic sales.
For the purpose of our analysis we have find out to leading brands of washing machine as followes LG Whirlpool Onida Samsung Godrej Haier Bosch Videocon Panasonic And many more….
TYPES OF WASHING MACHINE
Semiautomatic :Some operations are to b performed manually. Cost of machine is about 7,000 - 20,000 Rs Fully Automatic : All operations can be programmed. The cost is about 15,000 – 30,000. Rs Front Loading : Clothes are loaded by Front door. Top Loading : Clothes are loaded from top opening.
Fully Automatic Top Load
Washing Machine
Fully Automatic & Side Loading Washing Machine
CHAPTER 3 PRINCIPLE
PRINCIPLE
The project entitled ― “PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE” Works on the principle of rotating impeller by paddling and causes to washing clothes. The basic idea is to use a bicycle pedal stand as the power source, and use an assembly of chain drive, belt drive and gears to connect it to an old, salvaged washing machine tub. Our project is pedal operated washing machine hence it wash clothes but there is a inbuilt dryer which dry the clothes too.
The project has the following objectives –
Provide a low cost machine.
A very effective machine which is not only cheap but has low maintenance cost.
It should have readily available components and should be ergonomically efficient.
Wash most type of cloth.
Must have all the mechanisms – Washing, Rinsing, and Spinning.
UNDERSTANDING PEDAL POWER
Throughout history, human has applied energy through the use of arms, hands and back. With the invention of bicycle and pedaling, legs also began to be considered as a means to develop power from human muscles. A person can generate four times more power by pedaling than by hand cranking. At the rate of 1/4hp, continuous pedaling can be done for only short periods, about 10 minutes. However, pedaling at half this power (1/8hp) can be sustained for around 60 minutes .Pedal power enables a person to drive devices at the same rate as that achieved by hand cranking, but with far less effort and fatigue. Pedal power also lets one drive devices at a faster rate than before, or operates devices that require too much power for hand cranking. Over the centuries, the treadle has been the most common method of using the legs to produce power. Treadles are still common in the low-power range, especially for sewing machines. The maximum power output from treadles is very small; perhaps only 0-15 percent of what an individual using pedal operated cranks can produce under optimum conditions.
The power levels that a human being can produce through pedaling depend on how strong the pedaling person is and on how long he or she needs to pedal. If the task to be powered will continue for hours at a time, 75 watts mechanical power is generally considered the limit for a larger healthy non-athlete. A healthy athletic person of the same build might produce up to twice this amount. A person who is smaller and less well nourished, but not ill, would produce less; the estimate for such a person should probably be 50 watts.
CHAPTER 4 DESIGN COSIDERATION
DESIGN COSIDERATION PEDALING RATE
Human beings are very adaptable and can produce power over a wide range of pedaling speeds. However, people can produce more power--or the same amount of power for a longer time--if they pedal at a certain rate. This rate varies from person to person depending on their physical condition, but for each individual there is a pedaling speed somewhere between straining and flailing that is the most comfortable, and the most efficient in terms of power production. A simple rule is that most people engaged in delivering power continuously for an hour or more will be most efficient when pedaling in the range of 50 to 70 revolutions per minute (rpm). See Fig For simplicity's sake, we will use 60 rpm, or one revolution of the pedal cranks per second, as an easy reference value for estimates of the gear ratios required to drive a given load. How Optimum Pedaling Rate Varies with Desired Power Output
OPERATING PARAMETERS
It can be seen from table that the total time required for the entire process is 25 minutes. For, comfortable and efficient power production through pedaling the pedaling rate is taken as 60 rpm. From above graph, it can be seen that a healthy person produces 125 Watts of power when pedals at 60 rpm under optimal conditions. As, the cycle time is 25 minutes, it can be seen from Fig. 1 that maximum sustainable power developed by a healthy man is around 200 Watts. Thus, pedaling at 60 rpm and developing 125 Watts power provides considerable factor of safety for the peddler. Now, keeping the input power constant at 125 W and using different speeds as required for different processes, the torque available at the tub are- for washing the torque available is 59.68Nm and for drying the torque available is 1.49Nm. Minimum torque is the deciding factor for determining the capacity of washing machine as same load of clothes remains during all the three processes. Thus, the capacity of the machine is calculated to be around 2 kg.
Process Washing Rinsing Drying
Time taken 10 min 2 min 8 min
RPM required 100 rpm 800 rpm
CHAPTER 5 CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
First step is the purchasing of the washing Tub or it can be obtained from any junkyard as it is readily available as a waste. The unnecessary part of the Drum needs to be cut out so as to reduce the weight and improve the efficiency. Then the next step in the construction is to construct a frame using the metal braces and rods we purchased. Using metal rods that fit the length, either by welding or using bolts for the brace we have to have the final layout of our washing machine. Among the several features available within the product we have consider only a few on the basis of which customer take their decision.
FABRICATION
A working model of POWM was fabricated using the selected scrap components as mentioned in the design. The machine was fabricated to study the design feasibility and the efficiency of the working model. It was found that POWM can be easily manufactured in a workshop using scrap components and conventional manufacturing processes. Manual Metal Arc Welding was key manufacturing process used. Other operations such as lathe works, press fitting, cutting and grinding of scrap metals etc. were also done. The fabrication of the model provided the cost estimate for the machine.
Following components are used for fabrication Pedal Chain Cycle ring V-belt Pulley Bevel gear Washing tub Frame Seat Bearing Welding
\
PEDAL
A bicycle pedal is the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their foot to propel the bicycle. It provides the connection between the cyclists foot or shoe and the crank allowing the leg to turn the bottom bracket spindle and propel the bicycles wheels. Pedals usually consist of a spindle that threads into the end of the crank and a body, on which the foot rests or is attached, that is free to rotate on bearings with respect to the spindle. 44 teeths are usually on the chain wheel and it drives the spoket has 18 teeths . Pedals were initially attached to cranks connecting directly to the driven (usually front) wheel. Max torque applied by pedaling is 123.9 N.m. The safety bicycle, as it is known today, came into being when the pedals were attached to a crank driving a sprocket that transmitted power to the driven wheel by means of a roller chain.
CHAIN
Bicycle chain are emblematic of the DID brand ,and we were founded originally with production of bicycle chain . They have been use in many bicycle made in Japan and worldwide countries . Recently , our high guard chain (E) with an additional rust preventive treatment has favorable reputation by users . the bicycle chain have `continuously examine and improve in performance and quality specification as seen in the availability of current product as areslt they are the like test and most compact chains among the product of the same size. Presently , they are not use only for cycle but for many purpose such as the driving of vending machines and agree implements and for conveyer system.
CYCLE RING
We offer a comprehensive range of Bi-cycle Spokes which are greatly appreciated for their quality and performance. Offered in various sizes and specification we offer this component to international markets. These Bi-cycle wheel spokes, manufactured from top class steel require very little maintenance and are very durable. Resistant to corrosion this range gives quality performance. An added advantage is their affordable price structure. It has diameter is about 340 mm.
V- BELT V belts (also style V-belts, v belts, or, less commonly, wedge rope) solved the slippage and alignment problem. It is now the basic belt for power transmission. They provide the best combination of traction, speed of movement, load of the bearings, and long service life. They are generally endless, and their general cross-section shape is Roughly trapezoidal (hence the name "V"). The "V" shape of the belt tracks in a mating groove in the pulley (or sheave), with the result that the belt cannot slip off. The belt also tends to wedge into the groove as the load increases—the greater the load, the greater the wedging action—improving torque transmission and making the V-belt an effective solution, needing less width and tension than flat belts. V-belts trump flat belts with their small center distances and high reduction ratios. The preferred center distance is larger than the largest pulley diameter, but less than three times the sum of both pulleys. Optimal speed range is 1,000–7,000 ft/min (300–2,130 m/min). V-belts need larger pulleys for their thicker cross-section than flat belts. For high-power requirements, two or more V-belts can be joined side-by-side in an arrangement called a multi-V, running on matching multi-groove sheaves. This is known as a multiple-V-belt drive (or sometimes a "classical V-belt drive").
BEVEL GEARS Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's rotation needs to be changed. They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well. The teeth on bevel gears can be straight, spiral or hypoid. Straight bevel gear teeth actually have the same problem as straight spur gear teeth -- as each tooth engages, it impacts the corresponding tooth all at once .It has 27 teeth .
Just like with spur gears, the solution to this problem is to curve the gear teeth. These spiral teeth engage just like helical teeth: the contact starts at one end of the gear and progressively spreads across the whole tooth. On straight and spiral bevel gears, the shafts must be perpendicular to each other, but they must also be in the same plane. If you were to extend the two shafts past the gears, they would intersect. The hypoid gear, on the other hand, can engage with the axes in different planes.
WASHING TUB Over time manufacturers of automatic washers have gone to great lengths to reduce cost. For instance, expensive gearboxes are no longer required, since motor speed can be controlled electronically .Even on some expensive washers, the outer drum of front loading machines is often made of plastic. This makes changing the main bearings difficult, as the plastic drum usually cannot be separated into two halves to enable the inner drum to be removed to gain access to the bearing. Some machines now use a direct drive motor, a low aspect ratio device, where the stator assembly is attached to the rear of the outer drum, whilst the co-axial rotor is mounted on the shaft of the inner drum. Direct drive eliminates the need for a pulley, belt and belt tensioned. A see-through Bosch machine at the IFA 2010 in Berlin shows off its internal components In the early 1990s, up market machines incorporated microcontrollers for the timing process. These proved reliable and cost-effective, so many cheaper machines now also incorporate microcontrollers rather than electromechanical timers.
PULLEY
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable, supporting shell is referred to as a "block." A pulley may also be called a sheave or drum and may have a groove or grooves between two flanges around its circumference. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain that runs over the pulley inside the groove or grooves. It has outer diameter 80 mm. Hero of Alexandria identified the pulley as one of six simple machines used to lift weights. Pulleys are assembled to form a block and tackle in order to provide mechanical advantage to apply large forces. Pulleys are also assembled as part of belt and chain drives in order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to another.
SEAT
A seat is place to sit, often referring to the area one sits upon as opposed to other elements like armrests. Seat is an arrangement in any bicycle on which a person can sit comfortably. in seating arrangement the design factor is always consider according to their use in any vehicle. Seat may be made of plastic, rubber, metal etc. material. In some seating arrangement suspension is also consider suspension could be spring or it may be cuisine.
BEARING
A bearing is
a machine
element that
constrains
relative
motion
between moving parts to only the desired motion. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. The term "bearing" is derived from the verb "to bear" a bearing being a machine element that allows one part to bear (i.e., to support) another. The simplest bearings are bearing surfaces, cut or formed into a part, with varying degrees of control over the form, size, roughness and location of the surface. Other bearings are separate devices installed into a machine or machine part. The most sophisticated bearings for the most demanding applications are very precise devices; their manufacture requires some of the highest standards of current technology.
WELDING
Cast iron can be welded perfectly well using a stick welder and nickel rods, or with preheating by a gas welder using cast iron rod. Welding cast iron is a precision task that requires high heat, and often expensive equipment. You should not attempt it on the strength of reading a brief Internet article, no matter how informative. However, understanding the basics can help you prepare for a qualification course, or to make better decisions for welding projects run by qualified personnel under your supervision.
CHAPTER 6 WORKING
WORKING
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Operation of Washing Machine is split in THREE cycles
Wash cycle : - Here clothes are washed in water with Detergent. Rinse cycle : - Here dirt which is separate from clothes is drained. Dry cycle : - Here clothes are made to be dried.
OPERATING PROCEDURE
The machine entitled ― “PEDAL OPERATED WASHING MACHINE” Works on the principle of rotating impeller by paddling and causes to washing clothes. The basic idea is to use a bicycle pedal stand as the power source, and use an assembly of chain drive, belt drive and gears to connect it to an old, salvaged washing machine tub.
As the project is pedal operated hence it does not require any external power source like the electricity and fuel etc. When the pedal start rotating manually the rotation is transmitted from the chain to the spoket which is mounted on hub of the cycle ring the spoket is totally jam on the hub by means of welding thus the ring start rotating on the speed of spoket thus the v belt is mounted on the ring of pulley hence the belt is connected to the small pulley which is mounted on the shaft hence the shaft start rotating and also the bevel gears are mounted on same shaft thus the rotation is transmitted from the shaft of the washing machine by means of the bevel gears. At last the rotation is transmitted to washing machine shaft and the impeller start rotating. In normal condition the middle impeller rotates and hence the washing cycle is carried out and when the dry mechanism is engage means in on condition thus the plastic gears inside the washing tub are engage and thus the whole drum of washing machine start rotating hence the dry cycle is carried out . But before carrying the dry cycle the rinse cycle is carried out and the dirty water removed out from washing tub.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Wash cycle : - Here clothes are washed in water with detergent. Rinse cycle : - Here dirt which is separates from clothes is drained. Dry cycle : -
Here clothes are made to be dried.
WASH CYCLE
In this cycle the clothes are drawn into the washing tub and the impeller inside the wash tub rotates by pedaling . The impeller either rotates clockwise and anticlockwise depend upon the operator.
Many front loading machines have internal electrical heating elements to heat the wash water, to near boiling if desired. The rate of chemical cleaning action of the detergent and other laundry chemicals increases greatly with temperature, in accordance with the Arrhenius equation. Washing machines with internal heaters can use special detergents formulated to release different chemical ingredients at different temperatures, allowing different type of stains and soils to be cleaned from the clothes as the wash water is heated up by the electrical heater. However, higher-temperature washing uses more energy, and many fabrics and elastics are damaged at higher temperatures. Temperatures exceeding 40 °C have the undesirable effect of inactivating the enzymes when using biological detergent. Many machines are cold-fill, connected to cold water only, which they heat to operating temperature. Where water can be heated more cheaply or with less carbon dioxide emission than by electricity, cold-fill operation is inefficient. Front loaders need to use low- sudsing detergents because the tumbling action of the drum folds air into the clothes load that can cause over and overflows. However, due to efficient use of water and detergent, the siding issue with front-loaders can be controlled by simply using less detergent, without lessening cleaning action.
RINSE CYCLE
Washing machines perform several rinses after the main wash to remove most of the detergent. Thus most of water is removed from the clothes. Washing machines perform several rinses after the main wash to remove most of the detergent. Modern washing machines use less water due to environmental concerns; however, this has led to the problem of poor rinsing on many washing machines on the market, which can be a problem to people who are sensitive to detergents. The Allergy UK website suggests re-running the rinse cycle, or rerunning the entire wash cycle without detergent. In response to complaints, many washing machines allow the user to select additional rinse cycles, at the expense of higher water usage and longer cycle time.
DRY CYCLE
Higher spin speeds remove more water, leading to faster drying. If a heated clothesdrier is used after the wash and spin, energy use is reduced if more water has been removed from clothes. Higher spin speeds remove more water, leading to faster drying. If a heated clothesdrier is used after the wash and spin, energy use is reduced if more water has been removed from clothes. However, faster spinning can crease clothes more. Also, mechanical wear on bearings increases rapidly with rotational speed, reducing life. Early machines would spin at only 300 rpm and, because of lack of any mechanical suspension, would often shake and vibrate. In 1976, most front loading washing machines spun at around 700 rpm, or less. Separate spin-driers, without washing functionality, are available for specialized applications. For example, a small high- speed centrifuge machine may be provided in locker rooms of communal swimming pools to allow wet swimsuits to be substantially dried to a slightly damp condition after daily use.
CHAPTER 7 CALCULATIONS
CALCULATIONS
LENGTH OF BELT FOR OPEN BELT DRIVE Length of belt = (r1+r2) + 2L +( r1-r2 / L)2
= (170+40)+2*500+(130/500)2 = 1659.80 mm = 65 inch
WRAP ANGLE Angle of Lap ()
Sin ( r1-r2 / L)
= (170-40) / 500 = 15.070
Larger Pulley = + 2 = 33.280
Smaller Pulley = - 2 = - 26.990 Where, r1 :- Radius of bigger pulley. r2 :- Radius of smaller pulley L :- Distance between two pulleys .
POWER TRANSMISSION For transmitting the drives to the final tub three options were available- gear drive, chain drive and belt drive. The use of gear drive or chain drive would lead to jerks at the instants the sense of rotation changes but the use of belt drive allows the tub to slip over the belt and come to stop and rotate in the other sense smoothly. Therefore, belt drive is used as the mode of power transmission to the tub. Although the load on the tub remains constant for all the processes, the washing process requires slow agitating motion with speed around the 20 rpm and dry process require the speed around the 800 rpm . As we consider only one revolution of Pedal then the speed at each drive as follows,
CHAIN DRIVE
The
driver spoket means pedal spoket has 44 teeth and the driven spoket has 18 teeth’s as shown in fig. Hence the velocity ratio should be given as 44/18 = 2.44 Hence the one rotation of the Pedal is converted into the 2.44 revolution of the spoket which is mounted on the hub of cycle ring
BELT DRIVE
As the cycle ring rotates with 2.44 revolution which can be driven by the chain drive . This speed is transmitted to the smaller pulley as shown in fig. which is mounted on shaft on which bevel gears are also mounted. The velocity ratio can be given as,
D1 N1 = D2 N2 340 * 2.44 = 80 * N2 N2 = 10.37
At last the power is transmitted to the main shaft of washing machine with the help of bevel gears which have gear ratio 1:1 So from the above calculations it can be proved that the 1 rotation of pedal is converted into the 10.37 rotation of the shaft.
The capacity of the tub is 2 kg and the power developed by washing at 10 rpm is 50 watt. Thus, the torque required for washing is,
P = 2
50 = 2* T= 47.74 N.m
The torque required for drying is,
P = 2
250 = 2* T= 29.84 N.m
Process
Obtaining
RPM Require
Torque Require
Washing Rinsing Drying
RPM 100 800
10 80
47.74 N.m 29.84 N.m
CHAPTER 8 COSTING
COST ESTIMATION According to Market Condition
Sr no.
Name of Component
Specification
Cost
1
Frame
1200
2
Washing Tub
Rectangular Pipes & Angles (MS) 5.5 kg Capacity
3
Bevel Gears
65 mm dia.
500
4
Shaft
15 mm dia.
300
5
Pulley & belt
V belt
500
Pedal & Chain
1/2 inch pitch
100
Bearings
6202
200
6 7 Total
500
Around 3600
CHAPTER 9 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
Easy handling. Eco friendly. Cheaper. Less maintenance. Works without electricity. It encourages pedaling which is a good physical exercise and keeps oneself fit. The less effect of chemical on the women hand. Easily Movable.
DISADVANTAGES
Need much human effort in drying operation. Noisy Operation. Chances of failure. Require more space. Structure is complex.
APPLICATIONS
It is very useful into the local rural areas. Saving in detergent and the water. Reduced traces of detergent on clothes. Better wash quality. Softer clothes. Exercise is also done with the applying the pedal. Use it at the backward areas where there is no any electricity.
CHAPTER 10 FUTURE SCOPE
FUTURE SCOPE
Energy Storage
The energy being wasted during washing can be stored using flywheel and can be used at the time of spin drying. This would reduce the effort required during drying and would increase the overall capacity of the machine as more energy would be available during spin drying.
Designing a Multipurpose Machine
The energy wasted during washing can be utilized in most fruitful way by using it in another household machine which would work simultaneously as the washing goes on. Load on the new machine would be such that entire energy is consumed and not wasted. The excess energy can be used to generate electricity to charge battery. It can be used to operate pedal powered pumps. Many machines operated on pedal power have been developed such as, Cassava graters, Coffee/grain hullers, cracking of oil palm nuts, Potter's wheels, Flexible shaft drive for portable grinders, saws, etc., Tire pumps, Sewing machines.
Designing and Implementing the Drain Valve mechanically
A normal washing machine uses an electronic control valve in the drainage system to control the flow of waste water out. This valve can be designed mechanically using bicycle brakes. The brakes would block the rubber outlet pipe when the clothes are being washed, rinsed or dried. The blockage would open to make the waste water flow out after a washing cycle or during drying.
Increasing Washing Capacity
The capacity of washing can be increased so that more clothes can be washed, thus utilizing the wasted energy. Thus, increasing the washing capacity would require the rinsing and drying of the clothes to be done in turns. The machine would then no longer complete the entire laundry process in one cycle.
Can operate pedal operates hacksaw as well as pedal operated centrifugal pump .
CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
The main objective is to provide a product with an alternative way to wash clothes when there is no electricity. It has to be understood that in rural areas, it is a very stressful and laborious task. So the product which is a pedal driven machine, it satisfies the need of rural people by giving them an alternative way of washing clothes which is quick, cost-effective and eco-friendly. The product designed has zero operating cost, cost-effective, and it can be used with minimal effort.
CHAPTER 12 REFERENCE
REFERENCE
www.google.com www.youtube.com www.wikipedia.com www.flipkart.com
“THEORY OF MACHINES” By R.S. Khurmi and J K Gupta INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 3, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2014 2277-8616
ISSN
CHAPTER 13 ACTUAL PHOTOGRAPHS
Photo with workshop assistants
Photo with S. M Dhengle Sir (Project Guide)
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