Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri PROY PROY ECTO DE DE INVESTIGACI ÓN DE MARK ETI NG Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI EX PERI M ENTAL ENT AL AGROPECUARI AGROPEC UARI O CONDORI CONDORI RI 1. INTRODUCCIÓN
L as lech leches es fermenta fermentada dass como el el yogurt, son productos que han han alca alcanzado nzado al altísi tísim mos nivel niveles es de producción y mercadeo a nivel mundial, debido a la facilidad de fabricación y al alto nivel de aceptación que muestra el consumidor normal hacia ellos, el yogurt, se consume en forma fluida o sólida. El Centro Experimental Agropecuario Condoriri (CEAC) es un centro de investigación académica y de interacción social, que tiene como una de sus actividades la transformación de la leche, que produce entre 13 a 15 derivados como el yogurt en distintos sabores, el quesillo, requesón, queso fundido, mantequilla, leche saborizada. El yogurt producido en Condoriri es sometido a un control de calidad riguroso, y son comercializados principalmente en Oruro. Sin embargo estos productos para su posterior comercialización requieren establecer la conveniencia de su producción para que no exista un excede excedente nte o faltante faltante que que pongaen ries ri esgo go la la econom economíía del del CEAC. Por lo lo expues expuesto to es es que que se plan plantea teala presente presente Investigación nvestigación de Mercado ercado Yogurt Y ogurt Condori Condoririri El presente documento se desarrolla de la siguiente manera: se comienza exponiendo los antecedentes para continuar con los objetivos, se da una breve descripción del producto realizando estudios de mercado, localización, tamaño, ingeniería de la organización del proyecto, de los aspectos financieros para concluir con una evaluación del proyecto. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones y recomendaciones. 2. ANÁLI SI S DE LA L A SI SI TUACIÓN ACTUAL. 2.1.
Historia.
El 23 de de octub octubre re de 1962, 1962, el el Conse onsejo Na Naciona cionall de Reforma A grari graria a autori autorizó zó la la venta venta de la Empresa Agrícola Inafectable Condoriri, de propiedad de Francisco Fusco, exterrateniente, a la Universidad Técnica de Oruro (UTO).
1
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri Por resolución del Consejo Universitario Nº 8 del 10 de enero de 1963 se instruye la compra de Condoriri y se toma posesión el 10 de mayo del mismo año con una superficie de 1.610 hectáreas. A partir de este año funciona la "Escuela Práctica de Agricultura" hasta 1970, a partir de este año se cierra la institución debido a la época de la dictadura, realizando solamente actividades de producción como "Fundo Universitario Condoriri", hasta 1985, a partir de esta gestión se inician las actividades de investigación. Para este cometido, se contrata los servicios de investigadores en ingeniería agrícola, fitotecnia, zootecnia y desarrollo rural, además de apoyo académico e interacción social. En 1994, toma el nombre de actualmente conocido como Centro Experimental Agropecuario Condoriri. En la actualidad cuenta con un plan estratégico institucional (2011–2015), el cual se encuentra orientado principalmente a la investigación, apoyo y aprendizaje, vinculación universitaria y la generación de tecnología y recursos genéticos para el altiplano. El centro en una primera instancia, se dedicó a la producción y mejora genética de los bovinos de raza Holstein, de origen holandés habituada al nivel del mar, pero en el centro se realizaron varias inseminaciones hasta lograr que se adapte a 3.830 metros sobre el nivel del mar, siendo este uno de sus mayores logros. 2.2.
Empresa.
Un lugar donde las personas pueden pasar un día de descanso en medio de la naturaleza y rodeado rodeado de plan planta tas, s, anim animales y bel belleza natural natural es el Cen Centro tro Experi Experim mental ntal Agropecuari gropecuario o Condoriri, zona donde además se realiza una diversidad de investigaciones en varias áreas; como el mejoramiento de ganado vacuno, camélido, injerto de plantas, especialmente frutales y procesado de derivados lácteos. El lugar, localizado a aproximadamente 49 kilómetros al noreste de la ciudad, depende de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias de la Universidad Técnica de Oruro (UTO),
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri Para el mejoramiento camélido se instaló en la zona el Banco Nacional de Germoplasma, donde se tiene congelado el esperma de sementales con el objetivo de conocer y caracterizar la variabilidad genética de camélidos sudamericanos como llamas, vicuñas, alpacas y guanacos, mediante recolecciones dirigidas. 2.2.1. M isión isión del del CE C EAC.
L a UTO, UT O, reconoce reconoce al al CEAC como como una de sus pri principales ncipales em empresa presass de desa desarrol rrolllo agropecuario, cuya misión es “ Elevar var los índ índiices ces actual actuale es de rendim rendimiiento pr product oductiivo, vo, el control de volúmenes de producción y la comercialización dentro del contexto del medio and andino altiplánico” altiplánico”..
2.2.2. Objetivo del CEAC.
Elevar evar los los rendi rendim mientos entos de producción producción agropecu agropecuari aria a del del CEAC, medi median ante te un ade adecua cuado do manejo de los mismos, para lograr autosustentación financiera de sus actividades a mediano plazo. 2.3.
Defi Definici nición ón del del produc producto. to.
El yogurt es un producto popular entre los consumidores, que se obtiene de la fermentación de la leche por microorganismos específicos (streptococcus, thermophilus y lactobacillus bulgaricus). Tiene la característica de ser altamente nutritivo sabroso y fácil digestión. Su consumo en la actual actualiidad se ha llevad ll evado o en aum aumento ento por lo lo que el mercado lo lo demanda. anda. L as bacterias ácido-lácticas constituyen un vasto conjunto de microorganismos benignos, dotados de propiedades similares, que fabrican ácido láctico como producto final del proceso de fermentación. Gracias a la elaboración del yogurt y otros productos lácteos fermentados, las bacterias ácido-lácticas seguirán representando un filón de explotación como cultivos probióticos. Éstas se complementan con las bacterias presentes en nuestra flora intestinal y contribuyen al buen funcionamiento del aparato digestivo. L a acci acción ón de esta estass bacteri bacterias as des desen encad caden ena a un proceso proceso microbi microbian ano o por el cual cual la la lactosa (el
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri composición de la leche, que influyen en las cualidades particulares de los distintos productos resultantes. Una de las propiedades más destacables del yogurt es su capacidad de para regenerar la flora intestinal, la cual se ve muy afectada por una mala alimentación y sobre todo, por infecciones y abuso de medicamentos como los antibióticos. 2.3.1. I nform nfor mación ación nutriciona nutri cionall del del yogur yogurtt
El yogurt hace la leche más digestiva y así, encontraremos personas que no pudiendo tolerar la leche de vaca, pueden comerse un yogurt tranquilamente, sin que les afecte. El yogurt es una buena fuente de calcio, magnesio y fósforo que son los minerales más importantes para nuestros huesos, lo curioso es que estos minerales están en mayor cantidad en el yogurt que en la leche. Es como si los microorganismos que fermentan la leche para convertirla en yogurt además de hacerla más digestiva nos aumentan la cantidad de algunos minerales, el yogurt disminuye la proporción de colesterol que contiene la leche antes de la fermentación CUADRO CUA DRO Nº 1 COMPOS COM POSII CI ÓN POR POR 20 200 GRAM OS DE PORCION PORCI ON COMESTI BLE BL E DE YOGURT Y OGURT Contenido nutricional del yogurt de leche pasteurizada (3,5 % de grasa)
Nutrientes
Valor energé nergétitico co (Kca (K call) Proteínas Grasas rasas totales Carbohidratos M iner nerales (mg) (mg) Calcio cio Hierro Magne agnesi sio o Fósforo ósforo Zinc Zinc Vitaminas (mg) Vitam tamina C
Aporte alimenticio por 200 gr 122 122 3,3% 3,5% 4%
Cantidad Cantidad diaria diaria recomendada
415 415 0,18 40 326 2
Hombre 800 10 350 800 15
Mujer 800 800 18 300 800 15
1,8
45
45
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri 2.3.2. Elabor aboraci ación de yogu yogurrt.
L as leches eches ferm fermenta entada dass como el el yogurt, yogurt, son productos productos muy muy antiguos, antiguos, que han han al alcanzado altísimos niveles de producción y mercadeo a nivel mundial, debido a la facilidad de fabricación y al alto nivel de aceptación que muestra el consumidor normal hacia ellos, el yogurt, se consume en forma fluida o sólida. El proceso propuesto se esquematiza a continuación: Flujog luj ogrr am ama a1 Proceso de elaboración de yogurt
FUENTE: Elaborado en base a información proporcionada por las industrias
L as operaci operacione oness que de describe scriben n este este proceso proceso productivo, productivo, son:
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri Recepción de la leche
L a lech leche e cruda llllega ega de los centros centros de acopi acopio. Una vez vez pesa pesada da se se recepci recepciona ona en los los tanques de almacenamiento para tomar muestras y realizar análisis de control de calidad, donde se verifican los siguientes parámetros: pH, acidez, Brix, viscosidad, sólidos totales y porcentaje de agua. En las plantas de producción la leche, se termiza, hasta un temperatura determinada para eliminar la carga microbiana. Pasteurización
Es la operación, donde la leche es sometida a un tratamiento térmico, para asegurar la eliminación de todos los microorganismos que pueden representar riesgo para la salud. Se asegura la eliminación de todos los microorganismos que provocan enfermedades (patógenos), como es el bacilo dela tuberculosis (TB), que es el patógeno más resistente causando el menor daño a las propiedades físicas y químicas de la leche. L a mezcl mezcla a es es pasteuri pasteurizada zada en en cuatro etapas etapas (precal (precalenta entado do hasta 60°C, 60°C, calenta calentado do hasta 85°C, pre enfriado hasta 50°C y enfriado hasta 22°C) durante 60 minutos, con el fin de eliminar todos los microorganismos patógenos que pudieran existir. Homoge omogeneizaci neización ón
El siguiente proceso es homogeneizar la grasa que forma parte de la leche, esto es, reducir y darle a todos los glóbulos de grasa el mismo tamaño, lo cual se realiza mediante un proceso mecánico en el cual se hace chocar el chorro de leche (a presión) contra una superficie sólida y fija, que tiene como finalidad evitar que la grasa se separe de la leche durante lo que falta del proceso o al reconstituirla (ponerle de nuevo agua una vez que se ha hecho polvo). En esta operación se realiza la cocción entre una temperatura de 70 a 80 °C. °C. se añade añade insumo nsumo como como ser: ser: mal maltodextrina, todextri na, sal sal fina y azúcar azúcar entre los más más importantes. Preparación de la mezcla
En los tanques de mezcla se añade los demás ingredientes a la leche, de acuerdo al
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri I nocu nocullaci ación
Se inocula las bacterias en el tanque, que han sido cultivos por separado. I ncubación ncubación en en envase envases o en en tanque
L a leche leche es envi enviada ada a envase envasess o tanques, tanques, para para posteriorme posteri ormente nte agregarl agregarle e en en forma forma asép aséptitica ca un cultivo leofilizado que contiene cepas seleccionadas de lactobacillos bulgaricous y estreptococus thermófilos, que le dan el aroma, sabor y textura característico del producto. Este proceso tiene una duración de 4 a 5 horas y se realiza en reposo, a temperatura constante de 43ºC. Agitación
Es la ruptura de coágulo del yogurt por agitación para conseguir una masa homogénea. El batido del coágulo debe ser vigoroso y durante cierto tiempo, hasta que la masa homogénea presente una masa suave (cremosa), pero sin permitir la incorporación del aire, ya que ésta atenta contra la estabilidad del producto, si el batido es insuficiente quedaran granos que dan al yogurt una estructura harinosa. En especial se pueden verlas fácilmente en producto adiciones de frutas o colorantes fuertes. Saborización
L a mezcla ezcla pasteuri pasteurizada zada es enviada enviada a los los tanques tanques de saborizado saborizado para para la la adici adición ón del del saborizante o la pulpa de fruta de acuerdo al requerimiento. Se realiza nuevamente el control de calidad de los parámetros (pH, acidez, Brix) y se determina su aceptabilidad.
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri Distribución
L a di distribu stribuci ción ón y venta venta se real realiza ba bajo refri refrigeración geración en los difere dif erente ntess sitios sitios de expend xpendiio como superme supermerc rcados ados y tiend tiendas, as, la la temperatura debe debe ser ser superior superior a 4°C. 4°C. 3. DEFI NICI ÓN DE OBJ OBJ ETI VOS. VOS. 3.1.
PLANTEAMI ENTO Y FORMUL FORMULACIÓN ACIÓN DEL DEL PROB PROBLL EMA
L a merca mercadote dotecni cnia a en en Sud Am A mérica érica se encue encuentra ntra en en plen pleno o desarr desarrol olllo y expansi expansión, ón, considerándose todavía un tema relativamente nuevo. En nuestro país las empresas son el resultado de un plan familiar o personal de inversión y aún con un análisis de factibilidad, éstas no nacen fortalecidas administrativamente, por tanto es más difícil que tengan estrategias de mercadotecnia para sobrevivir en el mercado. En tal sentido el Centro Experimental Agropecuario Condoriri es una empresa cuyos recursos y orientación están enfocados en mayor proporción a la producción, dándole menos atención al desarrollo de actividades mercadológicas, lo que resalta en la misión que guía las actividades del CEAC, la cual es: Elevar los índices actuales de rendimiento productivo, el control de volúmenes de producción y la comercialización dentro del contexto del medio andino altiplánico, que adquiere importancia regional.
L a misma sma para para opera operatitivi vizar, zar, no incorpora incorpora en forma expresa expresa los instrum instrumen entos tos de mercadotecnia principalmente a través de sus productos. En cuanto al análisis que realiza el CEAC en sus planes, no se toma en cuenta el análisis de la competencia, como los factores sociales y culturales, al análisis del mercado y sus
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri L a línea nea de yogurt yogurt del del CEAC no cuenta cuenta con estu estudi dios os funcionales, que que facil cilite la identificación ya sea de sabor o variedad, que sugiera información de la empresa y el producto, su diseño no tiene una apariencia atractiva y no están en función a las preferencias del consumidor, lo que es de importancia si se quiere ingresar a otro mercado. En cuanto al precio de los yogurts del CEAC, en algunos casos tienen precios menores que los productos de la competencia, pero esta ventaja no se los aprovecha resaltando esta diferencia, también faltan ser desarrolladas estrategia como los descuentos o premios, pero son embargo se otorga crédito a los trabajadores y docentes de la UTO, estrategia que puede ser explotada al máximo. Tam También ién de debe conside iderarse el dise iseño de de la tien ienda exterior ior e int interior ior, qu que en el el caso de del CEAC no se tiene tieneun diseño diseño que que sea muy cómodo para para la la compra. compra. Otro problema que se tiene es, que al momento de adquirir un producto éste no se encuentra a disposición del cliente en el momento en que lo solicita. Una empresa no solo necesita cumplir con las expectativas de sus clientes mediante los productos, sino también es necesario que aplique instrumentos de comunicación y persua persuasi sión ón para para la la compra compra de los mi mismos, smos, en este este senti sentido do el el CEAC no ha desa desarr rrol olllado ado actividades que estén orientadas a persuadir a la adquisición de sus productos, pues los mismos no son muy conocidos entre los consumidores de lácteos. L a línea nea de yogurt del del CEAC no tien tiene e plan planes es estraté estratégi gicos cos de marketing, arketing, por lo lo que se plantea el siguiente problema de investigación:
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri 3.2.
DEFINICI ON DE OBJ OBJ ETI VOS
3.2.1. Obje bj etivo tivo ge gener ner al
• Identificar los factores que se deben analizar para incrementar las ventas de la línea de Y ogurt ogurt de del Centro ntro Expe Experi rim menta ntal Agrope gropecua cuario rio Condori Condoriri ri (CE (CEAC). 3.2.2. Obje Obj etivo tivoss Es E specíf pecífiicos. cos.
• Analizar las características de la línea de yogurt ofertada por el CEAC. • Evaluar si los precios son accesibles a la economía de los diferentes consumidores. • Analizar los canales de distribución para identificar la cobertura del producto en la circunscripción 33 y 34 de la ciudad de Oruro. • Evaluar las prácticas promocionales de la línea de yogurt de Condoriri. 3.3.
PLANTEAMI ENTO Y FORMUL FORMULACIÓN ACIÓN DE DE L A HI PÓTES PÓTESIS. IS.
Se tomarán en cuenta los gustos y preferencias del mercado meta actual al cual podría ingresar el CEAC con su línea de yogurts. L a hi hipótesi pótesiss plan plantea teada da como como posibl posible e sol soluci ución ón al al problem problema, es el diseñ di seño o de estrate estrategi gias as para para que la líne lí nea a de de yogurts yogurts del CEAC incremen ncremente te sus sus venta ventass y garanti garantice ce su su continui continuida dad d en en el el mercado, a través de factores que sean relevantes y a la vez posibiliten el crecimiento de la empresa. Por lo que se enuncia la hipótesis siguiente: “EL PRODUCTO, EL PRECIO, LA DISTRIBUCIÓN Y LA PROMOCIÓN
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri y promoción) entas Variab ariable le 2: 2: Ventas Te T ermin rmino o Re Rela laccion ional:
Permitirán
UNIDAD DE DE OBSERV OBSERVACI ACI ÓN.
Cada elemento de la mezcla de marketing, es decir, el producto, el precio, la distribución y la promoción de la línea de yogurt del CEAC. 3.3.2. CONCEPTUAL CONCEPTUALII ZACIÓN DE LAS LA S VARIABLE VARI ABLES S VARI ABLE 1. Producto.-
Producto es cualquier cosa que puede ser ofrecida al mercado para su compra, para su utilización o para su consideración. Es cualquier bien, servicio o idea capaz de motivar y satisfacer a un comprador. Constituye el núcleo de la gestión, y es el elemento más importante de la estrategia de marketing en torno al cual se diseñaran el resto de las estrategias. El resto de variables del marketing mix son aspectos diferenciados que permiten alcanzar determinado posicionamiento del propio producto en el mercado. Desde la óptica del marketing es necesario definirlo considerando la perspectiva del consumidor y, junto a una serie de atributos técnicos (físicos cuando sea un bien, intangibles cuando sea un servicio y contenidos cuando sea una idea) es necesario
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri Precio.-
Tod Todas las las em empresas qu que pe persigu iguen be beneficio ficioss y nu numerosas en entida idades no no luc lucrativa ivas fijan fijan precios a sus productos y servicios. A lo largo de la historia, el precio ha representado un papel importante en la elección de los consumidores y estos se han fijado a través de un proceso de negociación entre compradores y vendedores, proceso que hoy en día aún se da en los paí países más pobres y entre los los grupos de menores ingresos. ingresos. Los L os vendedores vendedores pedí pedían an un precio más alto del que en realidad esperaban percibir y los compradores ofrecían un precio más bajo del que estaban dispuestos a pagar y a través del regateo se llegaba a un precio más o menos aceptable para ambas partes. Sin embargo, ciertos factores distintos del precio se han convertido en determinantes a la hora de explicar la elección del comprador en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, el precio es aún considerado como uno de los elementos más importantes que condiciona la cuota de mercado de la empresa y su rentabilidad. El precio es el único elemento del mix de Marketing que proporciona ingresos pues los otros componentes únicamente producen costes. Es más, la fijación de precios y la competencia entre ellos, fue clasificada como los problemas más importantes a juicio de los
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri producto, etc... que tiende a hacer los precios más rígidos, es decir, menos susceptibles a los cambios en la oferta y la demanda. Por lo tanto, el precio es un regulador básico en el siste sistem ma económ económiico porque af afecta a la distri distribuci bución ón de estos estos factore factoress productivos. productivos. Adem demás, ás, hay algunos aspectos psicológicos del precio que deben ser tenidos en cuenta por los ejecutivos de mercadotecnia como es el hecho de que los consumidores confían mucho en el precio como indicador de calidad del producto, sobre todo cuando adoptan decisiones de compra sin disponer de información completa. Por supuesto, la percepción de la calidad del producto por los consumidores también puede verse influenciada por la reputación de la tienda, la publicidad o la promoción del producto además de otras variables. Distribución.-
L a di distribuci stribución ón es es aque aquell conjunto conjunto de activi actividade dades, s, que se real realizan desde desde que el producto producto ha sido elaborado por el fabricante hasta que ha sido comprado por el consumidor final, y que tiene por objeto precisamente hacer llegar el producto (bieno (bien o servicio) hasta el consumidor. L a distri distribuci bución ón comerci comercial al es responsa responsabl ble e de que aum aumente ente el valor valor tiem tiempo y el el valor valor luga lugarr a un bien. Por ejemplo, una bebida refrescante tiene un valor por su marca, imagen etc., la distribución comercial aumenta el valor tiempo y valor lugar poniéndola a disposición del
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri L a posi posición ción que la em empresa ocupa en el el proceso de distri distribuci bución ón es es un el elemento ento crucial cruci al en los problem problemas a que que se enf enfrenta. renta. Así, sí, una empresa de fabri abricaci cación ón tendrá tendrá que que deci decidi dirr sobre sobre los canales de distribución que utiliza, las funciones que asume, las condiciones y el grado de presencia que quiere que tengan sus productos en el mercado, mientras que para una empresa de distribución, las decisiones estribarán en la selección de proveedores, la negociación con ellos de las condiciones de las transacciones y la búsqueda de un mercado rentable donde actuar con sus establecimientos comerciales. Esta diferenciación, en la medida en que se dan fenómenos de integración y de absorción de determinadas funciones por parte de los fabricantes o distribuidores, es cada vez más difícil de establecer. Promoción.-
Se trata de una serie de técnicas integradas en el plan de marketing, cuya finalidad consiste en alcanzar una serie de objetivos específicos a través de diferentes estímulos y acciones limitadas en el tiempo y dirigidas a un target determinado. El objetivo de una promoción es ofrecer al consumidor un incentivo para la compra o adquisición de un producto o servicio a corto plazo, lo que se traduce en un incremento puntual de las ventas.
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri destacamos: Eventos, Concursos, Programas de fidelización focus costumer, Promociones económicas, Promociones del producto. VARIABLE VARIABLE 2 Ventas
Es toda actividad que incluye un proceso personal o impersonal mediante el cual, el vendedor 1) Identifica las necesidades y/o deseos del comprador; 2) Genera el impulso hacia el intercambio; 3) Satisfacer las necesidades y/o deseos el comprador (con un producto, servicio u otros) para lograr el beneficio de ambas partes. 3.3.3. OPERACI OPERACI ONAL ONAL I ZACIÓN DE DE L AS VARIABLE VARI ABLES S. VARI ABLE ABL E
DIMENS DIM ENSION ION
SUBDIM UBDIM ENSI ENSI ON
INDICADORES
Satisfacción
IT EMS EM S
- Si - Medianam M edianamente
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri - Se realizan - Se realizan algunas - No se realizan - Fabric–consum Canal de Canal de - Fabric–Detail–Consum mercadotecnia distribución - Frabric– Frabric–M May–Deta y–Detail– il – directa e indirecta Consum - Satisfact Satisfactoria oria Ubicación - Medianamente satisfactoria - No satisfact satisfactoria oria - Adecuado Horario y días de Diseño del canal - Medi M edianam anamente adecuado adecuado atención - No adecuado - Satisfact Satisfactoria oria Disponibilidad de Medianamente satisfactoria productos - No satisfact satisfactori oria a Satisfact Sa tisfactoria oria Procesamiento de - Medianamente satisfactoria pedidos - No satisfact satisfactoria oria Dist Distribu ribución ción física fí sica - Se realiza Inventario - No se realiza - Eficiente Tran Transporte rte - No eficiente - Tiene Anuncios - No tiene Tiene Panfletos y volantes -- No Publicidad tiene - Adecuado
Estrategias de precios
Distribución
Elementos
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri leche y sus derivados. El consumo promedio anual de leche por persona en Bolivia es de 30 litros de lech leche. e. La L a canti cantida dad d está está entre entre las las más baj bajas de la regi región. Por Por ejem ejemplo, plo, en Pe Perú cada persona toma 72 litros al año; en Brasil y Chile, 135 litros y en Estados Unidos, 254 litros. L a mejor perspectiv perspectiva a en nuestro nuestro paí país es es lograr lograr que se desa desarr rrol olllen las industri ndustrias as locales, para lo cual habría que apoyar proyectos que consideren la integración con los productores, mejorando la calidad y distribuyendo el valor adicional del producto final. Uno de los aspectos que influye en el bajo consumo de lácteos es la falta de hábitos y que los niños al entrar a la adolescencia dejan de tomar leche. 4.1.2. CONDI CONDI CIONES CI ONES ECONÓMICAS. ECONÓMI CAS.
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri Posiblemente, dentro los departamentos del occidente del país, Oruro es que ha alcanzado mejores niveles de diversificación (queso, yogurt, flan, leche fluida, etc.); la carencia de industrias en la región, ha permitido desarrollar la producción artesanal de yogurt, que son comercializados directamente por los productores, o por intermediarios que llevan a diferentes regiones del país y una parte es destinada a su comercialización en las zonas fronteri ronterizas zas con la Arge Argenti ntina na.. L a producción producción de forr forraj ajes es se se ha incremen ncrementad tado, o, permi permititie endo que los exceden excedentes tes sean sean comercializados en las diferentes ciudades con actividad lechera (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz y otras).
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri A menaza de los nue nuevos competi competidor dore es
Nuevas empresas competidoras no amenazan en entrar a la industria, pero se ha observado la tendencia de algunas de las empresas existentes en crear nuevas líneas de yogurt, para crear competencia dentro de los mismos segmentos, además la carencia de industrias en la región, ha permitido desarrollar la producción artesanal de yogurt, que son comercializados directamente por los productores. Actualmente, los competidores son: PIL, Delizia, Pura Vida e ILVA. A pesar de la presenci presencia a de fuertes uertes compe competitidores, dores, el el yogurt CE CEAC continúa continúa su parti partici cipa paci ción ón en en el el mercado ercado de leche industri industria alizada zada.
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri Poder de negociación de los clientes
L os productos del del sector sector de deri derivados vados lácte lácteo, o, al ser ser bien bienes es de de consum consumo o masi masivo, vo, tien tiene en una amplia gama de clientes, tanto minoristas como mayoristas, lo que hace poco probable que estos estos pueda puedan n ej ejercer ercer un gran poder poder de negoci negociación ación sobre la la industri ndustria. a. La L a di distribuci stribución ón de sus productos en el mercado es variada, pero, en general, está la realizan las mismas empresas productoras, lo que reduce aún más la importancia que podría tener esta fuerza. Adici dicional onalm mente, ente, existen existen empresas importadoras portadoras de de lácte lácteos os y derivados derivados de menor tamaño que son básicamente comercializadores. Por lo tanto, la importancia de esta fuerza puede ser calificada como “baja”.
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri El producto PIL PI L Cochaba ochabam mba tien tiene e las sigui siguien ente tess vari varied edad ades es o tipos tipos de de yogurt, especificadas en el siguiente cuadro: CARACTERÍ STI CAS DEL Y OGURT OGURT DE DE PIL Y ogurt saborizado
Y ogurt frutado
Y ogurt natural
Y ogurt light
Y ogurt ricolin
Yo Y ogurt líquido
Y ogurt Y ogumon
Tama Tamaño Bs Tama Tamaño Bs Tama Tamaño Bs Tama Tamaño Bs Tama Tamaño Bs Tama Tamaño Bs Tama Tamaño Bs
Bolsa 180 cc
1,20 Vaso 170g
2,50 Vaso 170cc
2,50 Vaso 170cc
2,50 Vaso 150g
2,50 200ml
2,30 80 ml
Bolsa 180 cc
3,60 Vaso 500g
6,50 Vaso 500cc
6,50 Vaso 500cc
6,50 bol 170g
0,80 500ml
4,50
0,50
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri característica de los últimos años, es que la gente dedica más tiempo al trabajo, dejándole muy poco tiempo para para sus actividades de casa y de su familia, por lo que se espera ganar cualquier tiempo libre, este puede ser el caso de los docentes y administrativos que
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri Políticas de modernización de la cadena y desarrollo de competitividad, cuya política orienta a fortalecer las organizaciones y de articular el sector lechero en la planificación del desarrollo municipal.
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri El CEAC es un centro de investigación académica y de interacción social, donde se obtienen productos de calidad, porque antes de comercializar los productos obtenidos, son sometidos a un control de calidad riguroso, como por ejemplo en el control de la grasa.
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri mercado a sectores como el magisterio y a empresas como Sela y Coteor, como también piensa ampliar el mercado de consumidores en general, cuando se pasteurice la leche. 4.2.2. PROVEEDORES.
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Crist stiian J.M J .Me end ndoza oza Lóp ópe ez [ Y Y OGURT CENTRO CENT RO EXPERI M ENTAL ENT AL CONDORI CONDORIRI RI]] Cri OPORTUNIDADES AMENAZAS de grandes - Gran crecimiento del sector lechero en el - Posicionamiento país. compe competitidores dores en en el mercado ercado como PIL PI L Adnina dnina con un un 60% del del mercado ercado - Apoyo por parte del gobierno, al sector lechero. nacional.
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