OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
Preparedness for Effective Response – Introduction to Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis Nelia Salviejo Tabliago National Disaster Coordinating Council – Office of Civil Defense
[email protected]
CONTENTS Objectives Activities within the scope of DANA Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis – Why. . When. ..What. .Who. . . .How Planning Principles and Assumptions Types of DANA Survey Assessment Forms
OBJECTIVES Provide an overview of DANA in terms of its purposes/objectives, processes, planning principles and assumptions; Have a common understanding of various levels/types of DANA, and Be familiarized with the survey/ assessment forms that will be used in the conduct of DANA at various levels. Why conduct damage and needs assessment? Determines the type and extent of damage brought about by a disaster, including its secondary threats; critical needs of the affected population, and local response capacity;
Exceptionally crucial due to the impact they can have on relaying “situation on the ground” to response organizations and government;
Prescribes the priorities for response and recovery activities; Identifies gaps for resource mobilization, and
Provides the framework for effective organization, mobilization and coordination of services and resources during and following an emergency or disaster
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
Activities within the scope of DANA include: Coordinating activities and resources during the response phase immediately following an emergency or disaster
Facilitating damage and needs assessments to establish priorities and determine needs of available resources
Support restoration and temporary repair of critical facilities and systems
In-depth sector assessment for medium and long-term relief as well as rehabilitation and reconstruction assistance.
What is Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis?
An estimation and description of the nature and extent of damage resulting from a disaster, including existing capacity in affected areas, to determine the needs and requirements for purposes of providing assistance.
What is Rapid Assessment?
A process to be done during the emergency period to determine extent of damage and needs requirement in affected areas as basis for decision-making.
What is In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive Assessment?
A process to be done after the initial surveys during and in the aftermath of a disaster and will cover critical sectors that have to be addressed for medium and long-term relief such as early recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction assistance
Who shall be involved in DANA? Initial /Emergency Rapid Assessment Team (ERAT) Size
: at least 4 to 5 members
Characteristics: Multi-disciplinary; common interests & shared commitment; clear/defined responsibilities; variety of skills Composition: - Team Leader (IC)
- Public Works
- Health
- Social Welfare
- Communication
- Agriculture
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
Who shall be involved in DANA? In-Depth /Comprehensive Assessment Size
: Depends on the number of impacted sectors
Characteristics : Multi-disciplinary; specialists in impacted sectors; common interests & shared commitment; clear and defined responsibilities Composition
: - Team Leader - Social Welfare (e.g. - Health (e.g.
CISD specialists)
Epidemiologists, Emergency Management
Specialists, Nutritionists) - Public Works - Communications - Agriculture - Others
Introduction to DANA 1.1
Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis – Why. .When. .What. .Who. . How
DANA Processes: 1. Planning & Preparation 2. Survey & Data Collection 3. 4. 5.
Interpretation and Forecasting Reporting Monitoring
Key Elements / Activities 1.
Planning and Preparation - baseline data - survey forms / techniques - standards / indicators -
2.
coordination mechanism
Survey and Data Collection - should be done rapidly and thoroughly - observe patterns / indicators of potential problems -
identify sources of info
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
3.
triangulation of information
- focus on the disaster situation and needs of the population Interpretation and Forecasting
Incoming assessment data has to be thoroughly analyzed and interpreted in order to become meaningful and useful information for decision- makers: -
Cross check and compare reports, check against baseline data for validity - Differentiate chronic and disaster-related needs - Avoid generalization - Detect and recognize trends and indicators of problems -
4. -
5.
Link information to action programs Estimate how the situation might develop in the future (This requires input of specialists who have had extensive experience in previous emergencies) Reporting data should be presented in an easy consistent format remember that DANA reports become the basis of decisionmakers to formulate action plans and programs
Monitoring -
assessments to be seen as a continuous process of reevaluating the need and appropriateness of response, rehabilitation and recovery interventions
Planning Assumptions
The Philippines or any part thereof or an ASEAN Member State/s (AMS) will sustain damage and the infrastructures may be difficult to coordinate Access to the affected area will be dependent upon the re-establishment of ground, air, rail and water routes. Gradual clearing of access routes will permit a sustained flow of emergency relief efforts and further assessments.
Rapid assessment of the affected area must be made to determine critical response priorities and infrastructure demands.
Immediate response and recovery activities may exceed the capabilities of the region
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
DANA Planning Principles All disaster events are local responsibility Primary responsibility lies with the affected local and national government Outside Agencies, whether regional or international, play a
support role ….. Planning is the cornerstone for all events worldwide Priority is humanitarian needs
Types of Assessment:
1.
2.
Initial or Rapid
In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive
Initial assessment identifies:
Magnitude of event (estimation of figures)
Impact on infrastructure and society
Urgent relief needs and methods for delivery
The level of continuing and emerging threats
Determines emergency relief and immediate response requirements
Conducted immediately, as soon as it is safe for the assessment teams
Is broad in scope
Guide for request of international assistance
In-Depth / Comprehensive /Detailed Assessment
Determines long- term recovery and development requirements / options
Conducted over two to four weeks depending on the accessibility of the affected area
Carried out by specialists in the sector concerned
Survey / Assessment Forms 1.
Initial or Rapid Assessment -
ASEAN ERAT Standard Assessment Form
a.
covers rough estimates of:
> affected population > affected areas (worst affected) > area accessibility
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
> effects on infrastructures, lifelines and critical facilities, private properties b. response operations
2.
c.
priority relief needs and other items
d.
Assessors’ field notes / observations
In-Depth / Detailed / Comprehensive Assessment -
To be done by sectors impacted by the disaster
-
Guide questions
-
Checklists
-
Standards/Indicators
ASEAN ERAT Standard Survey Form
TEAM MEMBER
ITINERARY
DATE
Name of Location Administrative Unit & Division Local Authorities Interviewed (Name & Title) Estimated Total Population Worst-Affected Area(s) Area(s) Currently Inaccessible FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________ Time:____________
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TIME
OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
BUILDINGS
NUMBER (#)
PERCENTAGE (%)
Minor Damage Major Damage Destroyed FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
LIFELINES & CRITICAL
Number Damaged
Time:____________
Number Destroyed
FACILITIES (LCF) Roadways Bridges Communication Networks Health Facilities Electricity Network Water Supply System FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
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Time:____________
OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
Agriculture /Fisheries
Type
Percentage (%) Losses
Crops
Livestock
FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
Time:____________
Effects on Population Primary Affected Population Number Dead Number Missing Number Injured Number Homeless Number Evacuated in Public Shelters FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
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Time:____________
OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
Secondary Threats Potentially Hazardous Sites
FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
RESPONSE
Agency/Organization Name
OPERATIONS National / Local Gov’t.
NGOs /International Orgs.
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Time:____________
Assistance Provided
OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
Time:____________
LOGISTICS & DISTRIBUTION Storage Facilities
Means
of
Transport and Fuel Distribution Criteria
FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
Time:____________
PRIORITY
Quantity
RELIEF
Specifications
NEEDS & ITEMS
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
FIELD NOTES:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
INFORMATION SOURCES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Time:____________
OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
GENERAL FIELD COMMENTS:
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
Time:____________
CONTACT POINTS Name of Authority/Org. Name of Official In-Charge His/Her Title / Rank Office Telephone No. Office Fax No. / Email Address Emergency 24-Hr. Contact No. Street Address Responsibility
Coordinating domestic response at national level. Focal Point for international response Coordinating arrival of relief goods/distribution Coordinating response at local level Relief / response action Scientific Monitoring Others: ___________________________
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
Team Member:_____________________ Date: __________
Time:____________
RAPID DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND NEEDS ANALYSIS (DANA) TRAINING Group Activity: Cascading of Hazards Instruction: 1.
List the various hazards the city may face. You can use the following checklist as a
starting point and sample.
Typhoon/Cyclones/Hurricanes
Earthquake
Human Conflict
Fire
Dam Failure
Flood
Airplane crash
Hazardous material spill/release
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
Terrorism
Landslide/Mudslide
Tornado
Mass fatality incident
Train derailment
Sustained power failure
Epidemic
Others
Volcanic eruption
2. Prioritize these hazards in terms of probability (P) or likelihood to happen and impact (I). Use the formula
(P + I Divided by 2 = average) as basis for ranking of identified hazards.
(Highest-lowest) Rank
Hazard
Probability (P)
Impact (I)
Average
3. Identify the risks and/or secondary effects from the primary hazards that may likely to affect the city. Consider such factors as: •
Frequency of occurrence.
•
Magnitude and intensity.
•
Location (affecting critical areas or infrastructure).
•
Spatial extent.
•
Speed of onset and the availability of warning.
•
Potential severity of consequences to people, critical facilities, community functions, and property.
•
Potential cascading events (e.g., damage to chemical processing plant, dam failure).
4. Identify what secondary effects from those hazards are likely to impact the city? e.g. •
Communication system breakdown
•
Power outages
•
Transportation blockages
•
Business interruptions
•
Mass evacuations/displaced population
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OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE ASIAN DISASTER REDUCTION CENTER
3.
•
Overwhelmed medical/mortuary services
•
Others
Area
Identify what geographic area(s) or facility location(s) is (are) most vulnerable to the high priority hazards? 4. Plans and Procedures What plans and procedures: (Emergency response plan, contingency plan, operational plan, standard operating procedures) will guide your ERAT response to an event?
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