YFJFW NWB, NPYW, FJNF F VBZW Yfwvbo
Fwwf fwzvjo zfb poy oiafzk}o hioyjhy hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw pykcgkphkw jhw zfgcolonkhw jf wkwzfbhw jf zflfmockh b÷}fl NWB, NPYW, FJNF f VBZW# Phyh zhczo, dè d è h jf}kjh kczyojvîço zf÷ykgh zf÷ ykgh f dkwz÷ykgh, }kwhcjo pyfphyhy o lfkzoy phyh xvf powwh fczfcjfy hwpfgzow bhkw pyomvcjow woiyf ow zfbhw# Ow z÷pkgow gocwkjfyhjow bhkw kbpoyzhczfw, gobo gfyzhw kczfymhgfw, bojflow jf hyxvkzfzvyh, fczyf ovzyow, záb vb câ}fl bhkoy jf jfzhldhbfczo, hzyh}ëw jf vbh hioyjhnfb bhkw zëgckgh# Ow wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw powwvfb vbh ghjfkh jf f}olvîço, ch xvhl zfgcolonkhw bhkw yfgfczfw kcgyfbfczhb hw aè kbplhczhjhw# Zojhw Zojhw hw zfgcolonkhw záb, poyzhczo, po yzhczo, hwpfgzow fb gobvb, xvf moyhb kbplfbfczhjow chw zfgcolonkhw bhkw hczknhw f wço vwhjhw hzë doaf# Ghjh co}h zfgcolonkh, poyëb, wvhw co}kjhjfw, hjhpzhjhw phyh wfyfb hnyfnhjhw à yfjf, ov, fb hlnvcw ghwow, xvf ftknfb hjhpzhîöfw jh py÷pykh yfjf#
8 ‗ Wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw
Gob o h}hcîo jh zfgcolonkh, h nloihlkqhîço f h cfgfwwkjhjf ghjh }fq bhkoy jf gobvckghîço gob yhpkjfq f boiklkjhjf, mok cfgfwwèykh h gykhîço jf vb wkwzfbh ghphq jf zyhcwbkzky kcmoybhîöfw fczyf vwvèykow b÷}fkw# Jk}fywow wfzoyfw jh wogkfjhjf cfgfwwkzhb jfwwf hyzkmâgko, jfwjf o ftëygkzo hzë hw py÷pykhw fbpyfwhw# Hw cfgfwwkjhjfw jf ghjh wfzoy kcwzknhb h f}olvîço jh zfgcolonkh, ghjh xvhl ch wvh jkyfîço# O
yfwvlzhjo jkwwo ë xvf h}hcîow fb vb wfczkjo, fwzkbvlhjow pflh cfgfwwkjhjf jf vb wfzoy fwpfgâmkgo, hghihb poy hvtklkhy ovzyow wfzoyfw# Fb ovzyh hioyjhnfb, hlnvcw wfy}kîow wço hjhpzhjow phyh xvf h kbplfbfczhîço ftkwzfczf ‗ kckgkhlbfczf kjfhlkqhjh phyh ovzyh mkchlkjhjf " powwh omfyfgá"low# Phyh xvf vb moybhzo jf zfgcolonkh wfah hbplhbfczf vzklkqhjo, ë cfgfwwèyko xvf dhah vb phjyço, bhlfè}fl o wvmkgkfczf phyh xvf zfgcolonkhw bhkw ihyhzhw ov bhkw fmkgkfczfw powwhb wfy fcghkthjhw fb wvh fwzyvzvyh# Pojf"wf pfygfify, poyzhczo, h kbpoyzécgkh jf vbh oynhckqhîço jfwwh zfgcolonkh, co wfczkjo jf omfyfgfy o wfy}kîo jf gobvckghîço b÷}fl à bhkoy phygflh powwâ}fl jh wogkfjhjf#
8#8 " Pykcgâpkow ièwkgow jow wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw
Ow wkwzfbhw jf gobvckghîço wfb mko wço moybhjow ihwkghbfczf poy jokw vwvèykow ‗ zyhcwbkwwoy f yfgfpzoy, jfpfcjfcjo jo wfczkjo fb xvf }khah h kcmoybhîço ", ghjh vb gob ow wfnvkczfw gobpocfczfw1 " Bkgyomocf1 goc}fyzf o wkchl jf }oq $jf xvfb xvfy zyhcwbkzky h kcmoybhîço+ fb wkchkw flëzykgow5 " Hlzo"mhlhczf1 goc}fyzf o wkchl flëzykgo $}kcjo jf j f xvfb zyhcwbkzf h kcmoybhîço+ fb wkchl jf }oq $phyh o yfgfpzoy ov}ky h bfcwhnfb+5 " Zyhcwbkwwoy1 fc}kh ow wkchkw nfyhjow pflo bkgyomocf phyh o yfgfpzoy " Yfgfpzoy1 yfgfif f fczfcjf ow wkchkw fc}khjow pflo zyhcwbkwwoy f ow fc}kh ho hlzo"mhlhczf# " Hczfch1 Goc}fyzf wkchkw flëzykgow fb ocjhw jf yèjko, phyh fc}khy h kcmoybhîço pflh hzbowmfyh, ov mhq h opfyhîço goczyèykh phyh yfgfify fwwhw kcmoybhîöfw# Ë h hlbh jh gobvckghîço wfb mko, poy wfy o hphyfldo ghphq jf wf gobvckghy wfb h cfgfwwkjhjf jf vb goczhzo mâwkgo#
Ocjhw jf yèjko wço wkchkw flfzyobhncëzkgow ghphqfw jf lf}hy jhjow jf vb poczo h ovzyo jf moybh gocmkè}fl f yèpkjh# 8#8#8 " Bojvlhîço
Phyh fc}khy vb wkchl jf vb poczo h ovzyo ë cfgfwwèykh h bojvlhîço jo wkchl# Bojvlhy o wkchl gocwkwzf fb hnyfnhy vb wkchl gocdfgkjo $ocjh poyzhjoyh+ ho wkchl jh kcmoybhîço# O yfgfpzoy pojf, fczço, hchlkwhy h ocjh yfgfikjh, f, gobo gocdfgf h ocjh poyzhjoyh, pojf fczfcjfy h kcmoybhîço gobo h hlzfyhîço jo wkchl yfgfikjo fb yflhîço à poyzhjoyh# Fwwf pyogfwwo gdhbh" wf jfbojvlhîço# Ftkwzfb jk}fywow zkpow jf bojvlhîço, pokw pojf"wf hlzfyhy jk}fywhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jh poyzhjoyh, wfphyhjhbfczf# Pojf"wf hlzfyhy h myfxüácgkh jh poyzhjoyh jf hgoyjo gob o wkchl, ch bojvlhîço MB5 hlzfyhy h hbplkzvjf jh poyzhjoyh fb yflhîço ho wkchl, ch bojvlhîço HB5 hlzfyhy h mhwf jh poyzhjoyh, ch bojvlhîço PB, fczyf ovzyow jk}fywow zkpow jf bojvlhîço# Ghjh zkpo jf bojvlhîço powwvk wvhw }hczhnfcw f jfw}hczhnfcw, f poy kwwo ghjh wfy}kîo pojf zfy pfgvlkhykjhjfw xvf mhîhb fwwf ov hxvflf zkpo jf bojvlhîço wfy bhkw kczfyfwwhczf# 8#8#9 " Fwzhîöfw b÷}fkw $BW+
Hw fwzhîöfw b÷}fkw wço ow py÷pykow hphyfldow jf zflfmockh gflvlhy# Powwvfb vbh hczfch, ghphq jf bojvlhy ov jfbojvlhy o wkchl# Pyfgkwh zhbiëb jf owgklhjoyfw, xvf powhb nfyhy ow wkchkw chw myfxüácgkhw jfzfybkchjhw# 8#8#7 " Fwzhîöfw Yèjko Ihwf $FYI ov IZW+
Phyh h kbplfbfczhîço jo wfy}kîo jf zflfmockh gflvlhy, vzklkqh"wf Fwzhîöfw Yèjko Ihwf, xvf gocwkwzfb fb vbh hczfch f vb wkwzfbh ghphq jf hzfcjfy hw cfgfwwkjhjfw jf gobvckghîço jf vbh gfyzh yfnkço gob o yfwzhczf jh yfjf jf zflfmockh# O zfybo “fwzhîço Yèjko ihwf‒ ë bhkw vwhjo fb wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw hchl÷nkgow# Phyh wkwzfbhw jknkzhkw, vwh"wf o cobf “Fwzhîço Zyhcwgfpzoyh Ihwf‒, fb kcnláw, IZW# 8#8#: " Fclhgfw
H gobvckghîço fczyf BW f FYI hgoczfgf xvhcjo h ocjh poyzhjoyh jh kcmoybhîço, ov wfah, h kcmoybhîço bojvlhjh, ë nfyhjh fb vb poczo, }khah pflh hzbowmfyh f ë yfgfikjh co ovzyo# Ghjh poyzhjoyh zfb vbh myfxüácgkh jfmkckjh, fb vbh bfwbh yfnkço jh hzbowmfyh, ghjh myfxüácgkh goyyfwpocjf h vbh gocdfgkjh poyzhjoyh# Wfcjo hwwkb, o zyhcwbkwwoy jf}f bojvlhy wfv wkchl chxvflh myfxüácgkh, f o yfgfpzoy jf}f havwzhy wfv wfcwoy phyh fwwh bfwbh myfxüácgkh# Poyëb, ghjh poyzhjoyh cço gocwfnvf lf}hy zojh h kcmoybhîço fb fthzhbfczf vb }hloy jf myfxüácgkh# Ch }fyjhjf, ghjh ghchl powwvk vbh mhkth jf myfxüácgkhw, gvah myfxüácgkh gfczyhl ë h jh poyzhjoyh# H kcmoybhîço ë kcglvâjh pykcgkphlbfczf cfwwh myfxüácgkh pykcgkphl, pykcgkph l, bhw pojf fwzhy fb myfxüácgkhw vb povgo bhkoyfw ov vb povgo bfcoyfw# Phyh kcglvky fwwhw }hykhîöfw jh myfxüácgkh, o ghchl zfb vbh lhynvyh jf myfxüácgkhw, ov wfah, o zyhcwbkwwoy fbkzf chxvflh myfxüácgkh f fb myfxüácgkhw vb povgo bhkoyfw ov bfcoyfw, f o yfgfpzoy jf}f wf pyfphyhy phyh “wfczky‒ hxvflh myfxüácgkh, bhw zhbiëb vb povgo bhkw f vb povgo bfcow# O zhbhcdo jfwwf fyyo, ov wfah, h lhynvyh jo ghchl, lkbkzh o cñbfyo jf ghchkw ch gëlvlh, pokw flfw jf}fb “ghify‒ ch ihcjh phwwhczf jh gëlvlh $mhkth zozhl jf myfxüácgkhw xvf vbh gëlvlh wvpoyzh+#
Ho ghchl mâwkgo xvf kczfylknh h Fwzhîço Yèjko Ihwf f h Fwzhîço B÷}fl wf jè o cobf jf fclhgf# Xvhcjo h kcmoybhîço }khah jh FYI phyh h BW, gdhbh"wf fclhgf jkyfzo5 xvhcjo h kcmoybhîço phyzf jh BW gdhbh"wf fclhgf yf}fywo# Ow bojow jf zyhcwbkwwço jf kcmoybhîço phyh gobvckghîöfw b÷}fkw pojfb wfy mfkzow jf zyáw bhcfkyhw1 " Wkbplft1 opfyh gob vbh ñckgh myfxüácgkh f hpfchw h FYI pojf zyhcwbkzk"lh# Zfb"wf, poyzhczo, hpfchw fclhgfw jkyfzow# Ftfbplow jf hplkghîöfw jfwwf bojo jf zyhcwbkwwço wço ow wfy}kîow jf yèjko HB f MB, ov h zflf}kwço goc}fcgkochl# " Wfbk Jvplft1 Opfyh fb vbh ñckgh myfxüácgkh, bhw wvpoyzh gobvckghîço ikjkyfgkochl, wfcjo ghjh wfczkjo jf gobvckghîço opfyhjo fb vb bobfczo# Ov wfah, o vwvèyko pojf fwgvzhy ov mhlhy, bhw cço ow jokw ho bfwbo zfbpo# Gobo ftfbplow, ow hphyfldow jf ~hlekf"zhlekf, f o wkwzfbh jf gobvckghîço jh polâgkh# " Jvplft gobplfzo $ov mvll jvplft+1 ghjh vwvèyko zfb vb ghchl jf yfgfpîço $fclhgf jkyfzo+ f ovzyo ghchl jf zyhcwbkwwço $fclhgf yf}fywo+# Ë powwâ}fl, poyzhczo, yfhlkqhy gobvckghîço fb jokw wfczkjow ho bfwbo zfbpo# F kbpoyzhczf lfbiyhy xvf ghjh ghchl opfyh fb vbh myfxüácgkh jkmfyfczf, cfgfwwkzhcjo"wf, poyzhczo, jf jvhw lhynvyhw jf myfxüácgkh $vbh phyh ghjh fclhgf+# Fwwf bojo ë o vzklkqhjo pflow wfy}kîow jf zflfmockh b÷}fl# 8#8#6 " Gëlvlh
Ghjh Fwzhîço Yèjko Ihwf $FYI+ hzfcjf h vbh gfyzh yfnkço, lkbkzhjh jf hgoyjo gob hw ghphgkjhjfw mâwkghw jh Fwzhîço# H fwwh yfnkço jè"wf o cobf jf Gëlvlh# Hw gëlvlhw pojfb wfy obckjkyfgkochkw ov wfzoykqhjhw#
Co pykbfkyo ghwo, h FYI ë fxvkphjh jf moybh h kyyhjkhy wvhw ocjhw vckmoybfbfczf fb zojhw hw jkyfîöfw# Wço bhkw vzklkqhjhw fb yfnköfw ocjf dè povgh cfgfwwkjhjf jf zyèmfno, gobo yfnköfw yvyhkw# Fb gobpfcwhîço, poy wfy jkwzykivâjh vckmoybfbfczf, hiyhcnf vbh èyfh jf goifyzvyh bhkw ftzfcwh, o xvf wknckmkgh zfy bfcow FYIw phyh hzfcjfy h gfyzh yfnkço# Chw gëlvlhw wfzoykqhjhw hw hczfchw jh FYI wço pyoafzhjhw phyh kyyhjkhy fb jkyfîöfw fwzhiflfgkjhw, gdhbhjhw wfzoyfw# Ghjh wfzoy nfyhlbfczf ë moybhjo poy vb écnvlo jf 890±, o
xvf wknckmkgh 7 wfzoyfw poy FYI, ov poy gëlvlh# Fwwh wfzoykqhîço pfybkzf vb zyèmfno bhkw jfcwo xvf hw gëlvlhw obckjkyfgkochkw, hpfwhy jf cço gocwfnvky goiyky vbh yfnkço zço ftzfcwh# O phjyço jf kyyhjkhîço jf vbh gëlvlh wf hpyotkbh jh moybh gkygvlhy, bhw zozhlbfczf kyyfnvlhy# Kwwo wf jè pflh moybhîço jf èyfhw jf woiyfpowkîço $bhkw jf vbh gëlvlh hzvhcjo ch yfnkço+ f èyfhw jf wobiyh $èyfhw ocjf kczfymfyácgkhw jfwzyvzk}hw ghvwhb mhlzh jf wkchl+# Poy ghvwh jkwwo, o phjyço fwgoldkjo phyh yfpyfwfczhy vbh gëlvlh mok o jf vb dftènoco yfnvlhy# Fwwh fwgoldh wkbplkmkgh gèlgvlow fwwfcgkhkw, gobo h jkwzécgkh bâckbh fczyf ghchkw, ov wfah, jkwzécgkh bâckbh fczyf gfczyow jf jvhw gëlvlhw hjahgfczfw# 8#8#= " Fwpfgzyo jf myfxüácgkhw
Ow wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw vzklkqhb o jobâcko jh myfxüácgkh phyh jk}kjky wfvw ghchkw jf gobvckghîço# Ghjh ghchl jf gobvckghîço ftknf vbh xvhczkjhjf jf }hloyfw jf myfxüácgkh phyh yfhlkqhy h gobvckghîço, h lhynvyh jf mhkth1 vb ghchl gob lhynvyh jf mhkth jf 70 Dq pojf wfy kbplfbfczhjo jh myfxüácgkh 7:0 Dq hzë 7>0 Dq, poy ftfbplo#
Ghjh FYI zfb vbh mhkth jf }hloyfw jf myfxüácgkh cow xvhkw gocwfnvf wf gobvckghy# H HCHZFL yfnvlhbfczh o vwo jhw myfxüácgkhw, h mkb jf f}kzhy o bhv vwo jo fwpfgzyo jf myfxüácgkhw# H lhynvyh jh mhkth jf myfxüácgkhw jf vbh FYI ë gdhbhjh Lhynvyh jf Ihcjh, f ë vbh bfjkjh jh ghphgkjhjf jf zyèmfno jh FYI# 8#8#> " Hgfwwo bñlzkplo
Vb jow wëykow pyoilfbhw fcmyfczhjow pflh FYI ogoyyf xvhcjo bhkw jf vb vwvèyko jfwfah hgfwwè"lh, ov wfah, yfxvfyfy f gdhbhjo bñlzkplo hgfwwo# Phyh yfwol}fy fwwf pyoilfbh, ftkwzfb ihwkghbfczf zyáw zfgcolonkhw1 MJBH $xvf jk}kjf h myfxüácgkh+, ZJBH $xvf jk}kjf o zfbpo+ f GJBH $xvf vwh vb g÷jkno phyh ghjh hgfwwo+# H zfgcolonkh MJBH lkifyh vbh mhkth jf myfxüácgkh phyh ghjh hgfwwo# Jfwwh moybh, o vwvèyko zfb vbh lhynvyh jf ihcjh mkth, wfbpyf jkwpocâ}fl# H zfgcolonkh ZJBH lkifyh vbh mhkth jf myfxüácgkh phyh hlnvcw vwvèykow# Fwwfw vwvèykow w÷ pojfb hgfwwhy jf moybh kczfyghlhjh, ov wfah, flfw jk}kjfb fczyf wk o zfbpo#
H zfgcolonkh GJBH kcwfyf vb g÷jkno phyh ghjh vwvèyko# Hwwkb, flfw pojfb hgfwwhy h bfwbh myfxüácgkh jvyhczf zojo o zfbpo# 8#8#4 " Glvwzfy
Vb glvwzfy ë vbh yfnkço xvf hiyhcnf hlnvbhw gëlvlhw, ocjf1 " dè zojhw hw myfxüácgkhw jkwpocâ}fkw5 " cfcdvbh myfxüácgkh pojf wfy yfvwhjh# Moyh jo glvwzfy, ë powwâ}fl yfvwhy hw bfwbhw myfxüácgkhw# Hwwkb, xvhczo bhkw gëlvlhw jfczyo jf vb glvwzfy, bhkoy wfyè h jkwzécgkh bâckbh fczyf poyzhjoyhw jf bfwbh myfxüácgkh# Pyonyhbhy o yfvwo jf myfxüácgkhw mhq hvbfczhy o zyèmfno jh yfjf# Phyh ghlgvlhy o cñbfyo Cm jf myfxüácgkhw poy gëlvlh, ihwzh jk}kjky h lhynvyh jf ihcjh Iw jo wkwzfbh pflh lhynvyh jf ihcjh Ig jf ghjh gëlvlh# 8#8#; " Mhzoy jf yfñwo f Yhqço jf yfñwo
O mhzoy jf yfñwo ë o cñbfyo jf gëlvlhw jfczyo jo glvwzfy1 vb mhzoy jf yfñwo ; vwh glvwzfy gob ; gëlvlhw, o jf 89 vwh glvwzfy gob 89 gëlvlhw, fzg# H yhqço jf yfñwo ë jhjh poy j/y, ocjf j ë h jkwzécgkh fczyf ow gfczyow jf jvhw gëlvlhw hjahgfczfw f y ë o yhko jh gëlvlh# O mhzoy jf yfñwo C fwzè yflhgkochjo gob h yhqço jf yfñwo j/y wfnvcjo h m÷ybvlh1 $j/y+¹27C# Xvhczo bhkoy o mhzoy, bhkoy o yfñwo, xvhczo bfcoy o yfñwo, bfcoy o mhzoy# Hvbfczhcjo"wf o mhzoy jf yfñwo, jk}kjfb"wf hw myfxüácgkhw jf vb glvwzfy fb vb cñbfyo bhkoy jf gëlvlhw, jkbkcvkcjo hwwkb o zyèmfno omfyfgkjo fb ghjh gëlvlh# Poy ovzyo lhjo, hvbfczhy o yhqço jf yfñwo wknckmkgh jkmkgvlzhy h kczfymfyácgkh fczyf jvhw gëlvlhw xvf kyyhjkfb h bfwbh myfxüácgkh# Kwwo bfldoyh h xvhlkjhjf jo wkchl# Gobo o mhzoy f h yhqço jf yfñwo hvbfczhb avczow ov jkbkcvfb avczow, ho pyoafzhy vb wkwzfbh gflvlhy jf}f"wf fwgoldfy fczyf hvbfczhy o zyèmfno fb ghjh gëlvlh $jkbkcvkcjo o cñbfyo jf gëlvlhw poy glvwzfy+ ov bfldoyhy h xvhlkjhjf jo wkchl $hvbfczhcjo o cñbfyo jf gëlvlhw poy glvwzfy+# Co wkwzfbh NWB vwh"wf mhzoy jf yfñwo ; ov 89# 8#8#80 " Ghphgkjhjf jf wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw
H ghphgkjhjf jf zyhzhbfczo jf zyèmfno fb wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw jfpfcjf jow wfnvkczfw mhzoyfw1 " Cñbfyo jf ghchkw mâwkgow jkwpocâ}fkw ch gëlvlh5 " Wfzoykqhîço jhw hczfchw zyhcwbkwwoyhw5 " Mhzoy jf yfñwo fwgoldkjo# H ghphgkjhjf jf zyhzhbfczo jf zyèmfno ë bfjkjh pflo cñbfyo bètkbo jf vwvèykow xvf pojfb hgfwwhy vbh gëlvlh fb vb jfzfybkchjo kcwzhczf $Vbèt+# Phyh yfhlkqhy fwwf gèlgvlo, gocwkjfyh" wf xvf zojow ow ghchkw mâwkgow ‗ ghchl jf vwvèyko, cfgfwwèyko phyh fmfzvhy vbh gdhbhjh ‗ wfyço ogvphjow, f zojow gob h bfwbh pozácgkh# H yflhîço vwhjh phyh o gèlgvlo ë1 Vbèt2$Iw#Vg+/$Wg#C#Mw+, ocjf1 Iw ë h ihcjh jf YM hloghjh phyh o wkwzfbh, Wg ë o fwphîhbfczo jf myfxüácgkh fczyf poyzhjoyhw jf YM ‗ hcèlono à lhynvyh jf myfxüácgkh vwhjh pflo ghchl ", f fwwhw jvhw }hykè}fkw
bowzyhb xvhczhw poyzhjoyhw jf YM dè poy gëlvlh# Vg ë o cñbfyo jf vwvèykow ch bfwbh poyzhjoyh $jfpfcjf jo zkpo jf bojvlhîço+, f, avczo àw }hykè}fkw hczfykoyfw, ghlgvlh o cñbfyo jf ghchkw mâwkgow jkwpocâ}fkw ch gëlvlh# C ë o mhzoy jf yfñwo f mw o mhzoy jf wfzoykqhîço# Phyh hvbfczhy h ghphgkjhjf jo wkwzfbh NWB aè kbplhczhjo, pojf"wf hlzfyhy ow wfnvkczfw mhzoyfw1 " Hvbfczhy h ihcjh phwwhczf jo wkwzfbh, hjxvkykcjo bhkw fwpfgzyo# F kbpoyzhczf lfbiyhy xvf o fwpfgzyo jf myfxüácgkhw jh kczfymhgf hëyfh ë yfnvlhbfczhjo pflh Hchzfl $Hnácgkh Chgkochl jf Zflfgobvckghîöfw+5 " Hvbfczhy o cñbfyo jf vwvèykow poy ghjh poyzhjoyh jf YM, hvbfczhcjo o cñbfyo jf ahcflhw jf zfbpo fb ZJBH ov o cñbfyo jf g÷jknow fb GJBH, poy ftfbplo5 " Jkbkcvky o fwphîhbfczo fczyf poyzhjoyhw, ov wfah, fwzyfkzhy h lhynvyh xvf vb ghchl cfgfwwkzh phyh gobvckghîço# Fwwh hlzfychzk}h ë pyoilfbèzkgh, pokw hlzfyh h fwzyvzvyh jh kczfymhgf hëyfh5 " Jkbkcvky o mhzoy jf yfñwo, ov wfah, gocwkjfyhy glvwzfy gob bfcow gëlvlhw#
8#9 ‗ F}olvîço dkwz÷ykgh
H f}olvîço jow wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw ë wfbpyf pvthjh pflh cfgfwwkjhjf ov }oczhjf jf wf hnyfnhy co}ow wfy}kîow ho wfy}kîo jf zflfmockh b÷}fl ‗ kjfczkmkghîço jf gdhbhjhw, fc}ko f yfgfikbfczo jf kbhnfcw, hgfwwo à kczfycfz, fczyf ovzyow# Phyh kbplfbfczhy fwwfw co}ow wfy}kîow, gykh"wf co}ow phjyöfw, hyxvkzfzvyhw, ov wkbplfwbfczf ozkbkqh"wf o xvf aè ftkwzf# H dkwz÷ykh jow wkwzfbhw gflvlhyfw ë wfphyhjh fb nfyhîöfw# H pykbfkyh nfyhîço $8N+ vwh}h gflvlhyfw hchl÷nkgow, f h wfnvcjh nfyhîço $9N+ jknkzhlkqov h gobvckghîço# Fwzhbow ch zfygfkyh nfyhîço jf gflvlhyfw $7N+, xvf pyo}á hgfwwo h kczfycfz ihcjh lhynh pflo zflfmocf gflvlhy# Fwwhw wço hpfchw hlnvbhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw kbpoyzhczfw jf ghjh nfyhîço# Ghjh nfyhîço ë jk}kjkjh fb phjyöfw f fb “wvi"nfyhîöfw‒, xvf chjh bhkw wço jo xvf ow phjyöfw ftkwzfczfw, bhw bfldoyhjow, co wfczkjo jf hlghcîhy h nfyhîço wfnvkczf# O phjyço NWB pfyzfcgf à wfnvcjh nfyhîço jf gflvlhyfw f, poyzhczo, yfhlkqh gobvckghîço jknkzhl# 8#9#8 ‗ Pykbfkyh nfyhîço ‗ 8N
Hzë fczço, zojh h gobvckghîço b÷}fl fyh gfczyhlkqhjh, zfcjo hwwkb ihkth ghphgkjhjf jf zyèmfno f hlzo gvwzo# Wfv wvgfwwo jf}fv"wf à co}kjhjf xvf wvynkh1 yfhlkqhy gdhbhjhw zflfmúckghw locnf jf ghwh, fb vb hphyfldo wfb mko, f fb bo}kbfczo# Poy wfy vb wkwzfbh co}o, povgo wf gocdfgkh woiyf wfv pozfcgkhl f wvh hgfkzhîço co bfyghjo# ]hlf lfbiyhy xvf, co bobfczo jf jfwfc}ol}kbfczo jfwwh zfgcolonkh, zvjo xvf h dvbhckjhjf yfhlkqh}h fyh mfkzo wfb h vzklkqhîço jfwwf wkwzfbh, o xvf pojfykh lf}hy bvkzh nfczf h pfcwhy xvf kwwo zhl}fq cço mowwf zço kbpoyzhczf, ov xvf cço }hlfwwf o gvwzo jf kc}fwzkbfczo# Hzë poy kwwo, ch pykbfkyh nfyhîço moyhb mfkzow povgow fwmoyîow co wfczkjo jf phjyockqhy o vwo fb zojow ow phâwfw# Jf mhzo, }èykow phjyöfw moyhb pyopowzow f kbplfbfczhjow, jf moybh kwolhjh, fb hpfchw vb phâw# Hp÷w h gocwolkjhîço jfwwh nfyhîço, gocwzhzov"wf xvf h Fvyoph dh}kh wf jk}kjkjo fb phjyöfw1
" Phjyço ZHGW 1 Yfkco Vckjo, Èvwzykh, Fwphcdh, Kylhcjh, Kzèlkh5 " CBZ:60 1 Wvëgkh, Coyvfnh, Mkclécjkh, Jkchbhygh5 " Yhjkogob9000 1 Myhcîh# 8#9#8#8 " Phjyço HBPW
O Iyhwkl wfnvkv h lkcdh jow FVH f hjozov o phjyço HBPW, xvf opfyh ch mhkth jow 400 BDq# Wço jfwzkchjow 96 BDq jf ihcjh phwwhczf phyh o fclhgf jkyfzo, f bhkw 96 BDq phyh o fclhgf yf}fywo# Fwwf phjyço vzklkqh h zfgcolonkh zfgco lonkh jf hgfwwo bñlzkplo poy MJBH $xvf yfwfy}h vbh ihcjh jf myfxüácgkh phyh ghjh ghchl, phyh wfy vwhjh poy zojo o zfbpo+, zfcjo ghjh ghchl 70 eDq jf lhynvyh# Gobo ghjh ghchl pyfgkwh zfy vbh lhynvyh pfyzfcgfczf à ihcjh phwwhczf jow fclhgfw jkyfzow f ovzyh knvhl pfyzfcgfczf à ihcjh jow fclhgfw yf}fywow, jk}kjf"wf 96 BDq poy 70 eDq phyh wf ghlgvlhy o cñbfyo jf ghchkw# Ch }fyjhjf, poyzhczo, ghjh ghchl jf vwvèyko gocwkwzf fb jokw ghchkw, vb jkyfzo f vb yf}fywo# Kwwo kbplkgh fb 477 ghchkw# Cfwwh goczh, cço moyhb lf}hjow fb gocwkjfyhîço o phjyço jf yfñwo jf myfxüácgkhw cfb h wfzoykqhîço jhw gëlvlhw# Dè hkcjh jf wf gocwkjfyhy vb ghchl jf goczyolf, o ghchl 0# Hwwkb, dè 479 ghchkw jkwpocâ}fkw how vwvèykow# 8#9#9 ‗ Wfnvcjh nfyhîço $9N+
Gobo aè mok gobfczhjh, vbh co}h nfyhîço gyfwgf wfbpyf co wfczkjo jf omfyfgfy o xvf h pykbfkyh nfyhîço jfkth}h h jfwfahy# Ow FVH cfgfwwkzh}hb jf bhkoy ghphgkjhjf, fcxvhczo o pyoilfbh ch Fvyoph fyh vckmoybkqhy ow wkwzfbhw phyh o Bfyghjo Gobvb Fvyopfv $BGF+# Vbh ghyhgzfyâwzkgh bhyghczf jh wfnvcjh nfyhîço ë o vwo jh zfgcolonkh jknkzhl, fb }fq jh hchl÷nkgh# Kwwo pfybkzf h kczfnyhîço gob gkygvkzow jknkzhkw, gobo gobpvzhjoyfw, fb nfyhl# Phyh gocwfnvky o hvbfczo jf ghphgkjhjf jf zyèmfno ow hbfykghcow kbplfbfczhyhb zyáw phjyöfw1 KW"6: $HBPW jknkzhl+, KW"87= $ZJBH jknkzhl+ f KW";6 $GJBH jknkzhl+# Ch Fvyoph, o fwmoyîo jf vckmoybkqhîço mfq wvynky o NWB $Nloihl $Nloihl W{wzfb moy Boiklf Gobbvckghzkocw+# Gobbvckghzkocw +# Fwwf fwmoyîo fb ivwgh jf vb phjyço zoycov o NWB o pykcgkphl yfpyfwfczhczf jh wfnvcjh nfyhîço# Ho gocwfnvky hzkcnky vbh lhynh phygflh jh wogkfjhjf, jk}fywow kc}fwzkbfczow }olzhyhb"wf phyh fwwf wkwzfbh, hbplkhcjo h fwghlh jf pyojvîço, o xvf hzyhk bhkw kc}fwzkbfczow, f hwwkb poy jkhczf, hzf xvf o bvcjo zojo pvjfwwf zfy hgfwwo h fwwh zfgcolonkh# H gobpfzkîço pflo bfyghjo mfq ow pyfîow p yfîow ghâyfb, zoychcjo"o hkcjh bhkw hgfwwâ}fl# O mogo pykcgkphl jow wkwzfbhw jf wfnvcjh nfyhîço fyh omfyfgfy zflfmockh jknkzhl b÷}fl phyh ow vwvèykow# Poy kwwo, ow pyozogolow jf zyhcwbkwwço jf jhjow wf fwmoyîhb fb hjhpzhy o ghchl jf }oq phyh h zyhcwmfyácgkh jf ikzw jf jhjow# O yfwvlzhjo ë xvf o zyèmfno bètkbo jf ikzw oizkjo pflo NWB mok kckgkhlbfczf pyoafzhjo phyh hzfcjfy ho zyèmfno jf ikzw nfyhjo poy goc}fywhîöfw zflfmúckghw# Phyh mhqfy vb gflvlhy hgfwwhy h kczfycfz, poy ftfbplo, wfykh cfgfwwèykh vbh zhth ifb bhkoy jf zyèmfno, f ow pyoafzkwzhw jo NWB kckgkhlbfczf cço wf pyfphyhb phyh kwwo# 8#9#9#8 " Phjyço KW"87=
Ihwzhyhb gfygh jf jfq hcow phyh o phjyço HBPW wfy zozhlbfczf wviwzkzvâjo poy vb wkwzfbh
jknkzhl# O Iyhwkl hjozov o phjyço KW"87=, xvf vwh}h h bfwbh lhynvyh jf ghchl xvf o phjyço aè kbplhczhjo $70eDq+, f hvbfczh}h h ghphgkjhjf f jfwfbpfcdo jo wkwzfbh# Fwwf phjyço pfybkzf xvf hzë wfkw vckjhjfw b÷}fkw powwhb wfy wvpoyzhjhw fb hpfchw vbh poyzhjoyh jf YM YM## Vzklkqhcjo h zfgcolonkh ZJBH $Hgfwwo bñlzkplo xvf jk}kjf o zfbpo fb wlozw phyh hgfwwo jf }èykow vwvèykow jf moybh yf}fqhjh+, jk}kjf"wf o xvhjyo ZJBH $jvyhîço jf :0 bw+ fb wfkw wlozw jf zfbpo, vb phyh ghjh vwvèyko# Vb xvhjyo ZJBH ghyyfnh 8;:: ikzw, lono, ghjh ghchl ghyyfnh 8;::/=279: ikzw# Ghchkw pojfb wfy jo zkpo mvll"yhzf ov dhlm"yhzf dhlm"yhzf## Ow ghchkw mvll"yhzf $zhth bètkbh+ yfwfy}hb jokw wlozw wlozw,, vb phyh o fclhgf jkyfzo f ovzyo phyh o fclhgf yf}fywo# Wfcjo hwwkb, fb }fq jf = vwvèykow poy poyzhjoyh, hpfchw 7 pojfb wfy wvpoyzhjow# Cow ghchkw dhlm"yhzf $zhth bëjkh+, ghjh wloz wloz ëë oyh fclhgf jkyfzo, oyh fclhgf fc lhgf yf}fywo# Hwwkb, ghk pflh bfzhjf h zhth jf zyhcwbkwwço jf ikzw, bhw joiyh o cñbfyo jf vwvèykow poy poyzhjoyh# 8#9#9#9 " Phjyço KW";6
Fwwf phjyço vzklkqh o hgfwwo bñlzkplo poy jk}kwço jf g÷jkno $GJBH+# Ghjh vwvèyko ë kjfczkmkghjo poy vb g÷jkno, f pojfb vwhy h bfwbh myfxüácgkh# Wvh pykcgkphl ghyhgzfyâwzkgh ë h zëgckgh jf fwphldhbfczo fwpfgzyhl, ocjf h myfxüácgkh jh poyzhjoyh jo wkchl h wfy zyhcwbkzkjo ë }hykhjh hlfhzoykhbfczf, fwphldhcjo"h jfczyo jh lhynvyh jf ihcjh# Vb g÷jkno ë vwhjo phyh fc}khy vbh wfxüácgkh h vb wkczfzkqhjoy xvf nfyh hw myfxüácgkhw jh poyzhjoyh# O phjyço opfyh ch mhkth jow 400 BDq# H lhynvyh jf ghjh ghchl ë jf 8,96 BDQ, gob vbh lhynvyh jf ihcjh jf 96 BDq jkwpocâ}fl# H jkwzécgkh fczyf ow ghchkw jow fclhgfw jkyfzo f wfv yfwpfgzk}o yf}fywo ë jf :6 BDq# O cñbfyo jf vwvèykow poy ghchl ë pyoafzhjo wfnvcjo h yflhîço Wkchl/Yvâjo hjozhjh ch yfjf# H bojvlhîço jo wkchl jf }oq ë h XPWE, bojvlhîço jknkzhl xvf zyhcwbkzf 79 bkl wâbiolow poy wfnvcjo, ghjh wâbiolo moybhjo poy 9 ikzw# 8#9#9#7 " Phjyço NWB
Hczfw jf 8;40, o bfyghjo gflvlhy fvyopfv fyh gocwzkzvâjo poy }èykow phjyöfw hchl÷nkgow kcgobphzâ}fkw fczyf wk# Kwwo yfwzykcnkh ow wfy}kîo bvkzhw }fqfw h wfv py÷pyko phâw# O phjyço NWB mok gykhjo co kczvkzo jf omfyfgfy zfgcolonkh jknkzhl jf zflfmockh gflvlhy h zojh h Fvyoph# Wvh hlzh ghphgkjhjf zoycov"o yhpkjhbfczf o phjyço bhkw vzklkqhjo co bvcjo# Fb jfqfbiyo jf 900:, >:,;& jow gflvlhyfw fyhb jo phjyço NWB# Co Iyhwkl, o wkwzfbh mok kbplhczhjo fb f b 9009# H bojvlhîço vwhjh ë h 0,7NBWE, }hykhczf jh MWE# Ghjh ghchl powwvk p owwvk 900 EDq jf lhynvyh jf mhkth, f ë powwâ}fl h vzklkqhîço jf 4 vwvèykow fb ghjh ghchl, hbplkhcjo"wf phyh 4 vwvèykow co ghwo jh kbplfbfczhîço jh zyhcwbkwwço jf }oq fb bfkh zhth# H mhkth jf opfyhîço jfpfcjf jo phjyço NWB kbplhczhjo# Ow phjyöfw bhkw vwhjow wfyço fwzvjhjow hihkto# 8#9#9#7#8 ‗ ]hykhîöfw Phjyço P"NWB
Zhbiëb gocdfgkjo gobo NWB ;00 Pykbèyko, ë o wkwzfbh NWB oyknkchl# Vwh myfxüácgkhw ch ihcjh jf ;00 BDq, jf 4;0 h ;=0 BDq, gob vbh jkwzécgkh jf 90 BDq fczyf ow fclhgfw jkyfzo f yf}fywo# Kwwo jè vbh lhynvyh lhynv yh jf 96 BDq, o xvf wvwzfczh 96BDq/900EDq 2 896 ghchkw jf YM YM##
Phjyço F"NWB
Zhbiëb gocdfgkjo gobo NWB ;00 Fwzfcjkjo, gobfîh h vwhy v why o fwpfgzyo jf myfxüácgkhw myfx üácgkhw fb 440 BDq, poyzhczo 80 Bdq hczfw hc zfw jo phjyço P"NWB, bhw zfybkch fb ;=0 BDq, zhl gobo wfv hczfgfwwoy# Hlëb jkwwo, h jkwzécgkh fczyf fclhgfw jkyfzo f yf}fywo ë jf hpfchw 80 BDq, o xvf nfyh 90 BDQ jf lhynvyh h bhkw xvf o phjyço hczfykoy# h czfykoy# Jk}kjkcjo"wf fwwh lhynvyh h bhkw fczyf fclhgfw jkyfzo f yf}fywo, oizëb"wf vb hgyëwgkbo jf 80 BDq jf lhynvyh jf ihcjh# Kwwo kbplkgh fb 60 ghchkw ftzyhw jf YM YM## Fwwf phjyço wvpoyzh, poyzhczo, 8>6 ghchkw jf YM YM## Ë kbpoyzhczf yfwwhlzhy xvf o phjyço F"NWB kcglvk o P"NWB, pokw h ihcjh vzklkqhjh co P"NWB zhbiëb ë jkwpocâ}fl co F"NWB# H yfgâpyogh cço ë }fyjhjfkyh#
Phjyço Y"NWB
Zhbiëb gocdfgkjo gobo NWB ;00 hbplkhjo, mok jfwfc}ol}kjo phyh wf hbplkhy h ghphgkjhjf jf ghchkw jf YM# Gobfîh h vzklkqhy o fwpfgzyo fb 4>= BDq, vwhcjo"o hzë ;=0 BDq, o xvf ldf jkwpockiklkqh bhkw : BDq fb yflhîço ho F"NWB# Jkbkcvk zhbiëb h jkwzécgkh j kwzécgkh fczyf ow fclhgfw, phwwhcjo h = BDq# H ihcjh phwwhczf zfb 7; BDq jf lhynvyh, poyzhczo, poyzhc zo, f wvwzfczh 8;6 ghchkw jf YM# YM#
Phjyço NWB 8400
Zhbiëb ë gocdfgkjo gobo JGW 8400, kbplhczhjo co Iyhwkl# Hjhpzhîço jo wkwzfbh NWB ;00, hbplkov wvhw ihcjhw phyh >6 BDq jf lhynvyh, f phwwov h vzklkqhy h mhkth jf 8,4 NDq# Zyhihldh jf 8>80 h 8440 BDq# Phyh h kjfczkmkghîço jow phjyöfw vzklkqhjow, ow ghchkw jfwwf phjyço wço kjfczkmkghjow jf 689 h 446 $ 7>6 ghchkw jf YM+, fcxvhczo o P"NWB cvbfyh ow wfvw jf 8 h 89:#
Fwwf phjyço mok gykhjo h mkb jf wf kbplfbfczhy Yfjfw jf Gobvckghîöfw pfwwohkw $Pfywochl Gobbvckghzkoc Cfz~oyew ‗ PGC+#
Phjyço PGW 8;00
Jfwfc}ol}kjo phyh jhy vbh nhbh bhkoy jf wfy}kîow how vwvèykow, opfyh ch mhkth jf 8,; NDQ# Jf 8460 h 8;;0 BDq, gob 90 BDq wfphyhcjo ow wfvw fclhgfw# Kwwo nfyh 700 ghchkw jf YM# 8#9#9#7#9 ‗ Wfy}kîow NWB
À bfjkjh fb xvf gyfwgf h jfbhcjh poy co}hw hplkghîöfw, ow wfy}kîow NWB }ço wfcjo jfwfc}ol}kjow# H zfgcolonkh NWB ë jk}kjkh fb 7 mhwfw, ocjf ow co}ow wfy}kîow hghihb poy gykhy h py÷tkbh nfyhîço#
Mhwf 8 Mhwf kckgkhl, omfyfgkh 1 " Zflfmockh $}oq+5 " Gdhbhjhw jf fbfynácgkh5 " WBW $bfcwhnfcw gvyzhw+ poczo h poczo f poczo bvlzkpoczo5 " Jhjow wâcgyocow f hwwâcgyocow $0#7 h ;#= eipw+5 " Zyhcwbkwwço jf phgozfw hwwâcgyocow#
Mhwf 9 " Wfy}kîow jf f"bhkl5 " ]oq h bfkh zhth $dhlm yhzf+# Fwwf wfy}kîo pfybkzf hbplkhy o cñbfyo jf vwvèykow, hiykcjo bço jf gfyzh phygflh jh xvhlkjhjf jh }oq5 " Bfldoyhw co WBW5 " Wfy}kîow jf jhjow, gobo kcmoybhîöfw woiyf zfbpo, glkbh, fwpoyzfw, fczyf ovzyow5 " Zyhcwbkwwço wâcgyoch f jfjkghjh jf phgozfw5 " Wfy}kîow hjkgkochkw gobo kjfczkmkghjoy jf gdhbhjhw, gdhbhjh yfwzykzh, zflfgocmfyácgkh# Mhwf 9% Kczyojvqkv o wfy}kîo jf jhjow poy phgozfw fb hlzhw zhthw jf zyhcwbkwwço $NPYW"Nfcfyhl Phgefz Yhjko Wfy}kgf+ ch yfjf NWB# Bhkw jfzhldfw wfyço hioyjhjow à myfczf# 8#9#7 ‗ Zfygfkyh nfyhîço $7N+
Gob o hj}fczo f h fwzñpkjh f}olvîço jh Kczfycfz, fwwh jfbhcjh hzkcnkv ow zflfmocfw gflvlhyfw# Fcxvhczo ch jëghjh jf 40 yfhlkqhy gdhbhjhw fb zflfmocfw poyzèzfkw fyh o xvf wf wocdh}h, dè povgo zfbpo o xvf wf fwpfyh ë hgfwwhy h Kczfycfz hzyh}ëw jo gflvlhy# Ë kczfyfwwhczf pfygfify h jkmkgvljhjf jf wf hgfwwhy h Kczfycfz fb vb lvnhy xvhlxvfy, wfb vb ghchl jf Kczfycfz jkwpocâ}fl# Bfwbo gob vb gobpvzhjoy poyzèzkl, ë cfgfwwèyko vb poczo jf hgfwwo à yfjf# Gob h gykhîço jo hgfwwo ihcjh lhynh à Kczfycfz hzyh}ëw jo zflfmocf gflvlhy, fwwf wfy}kîo pojf wfy hjhpzhjo phyh wfy vwhjo poy vb gobpvzhjoy# H zfygfkyh nfyhîço f}olvkv co wfczkjo jf omfyfgfy zyèmfno fb hlzh }flogkjhjf phyh xvf o hgfwwo h Kczfycfz gob ioh }flogkjhjf mowwf hlghcîhjo# Gob o wkwzfbh jf hlzh }flogkjhjf }khiklkqhjo, jk}fywow ovzyow wfy}kîow phwwhb h zfy hlzh xvhlkjhjf, gobo fc}ko jf kbhnfcw, }âjfo"gocmfyácgkh, fzg# H wfnvcjh nfyhîço jf gflvlhyfw f}olvkv phyh h gdhbhjh 9#6N, xvf kcglvâh o wfy}kîo NPYW $phyh o phjyço NWB+ f h yf}kwço jo wkwzfbh GJBH KW";6# Ch f}olvîço wfnvkczf, phyh h gdhbhjh 9#>6N, o NPYW f}olvkv phyh o wkwzfbh FJNF, xvf fwzvjhyfbow bhkw h myfczf# Ch zfygfkyh nfyhîço, o GJBH KW";6, hkcjh jh nfyhîço 9#6N, f}olvkv phyh GJBH 9000, f jfpokw phyh F]JO f F]J] fb wfnvkjh# O wkwzfbh FJNF f}olvkv, cvb wfczkjo phyh FJNF mhwf 9, f, fb ovzyo, phyh ^GJBH#
9 ‗ Hyxvkzfzvyh jh yfjf NWB
H yfjf NWB ë moybhjh poy kczfymhgfw hifyzhw f phjyockqhjhw, wfnvkcjo wvh pykcgkphl kczfcîço, boczhy vbh hyxvkzfzvyh bhkw hiyhcnfczf powwâ}fl# Flh ë fwzyvzvyhjh phyh xvf wfah powwâ}fl h kczfnyhîço fczyf gobpocfczfw jf jkmfyfczfw mhiykghczfw, o xvf hxvfgf h gocgoyyácgkh f jkbkcvk o pyfîo phyh o vwvèyko# Hlëb jo mhzo, ë glhyo, jf zoycè"lh ftzyfbhbfczf mlftâ}fl, lono, bhkw }kè}fl# Ow gobpocfczfw jfwwh hyxvkzfzvyh wço jk}kjkjow fb : nyvpow O gocavczo jfwwfw nyvpow ë gdhbhjo yfjf b÷}fl pñilkgh zfyyfwzyf $Pvilkg Lhcj Boiklf Cfz~oye ‗ PLBC+, f ë kbplfbfczhjo poy vbh opfyhjoyh# ]fah h mknvyh hihkto#
Hyxvkzfzvyh jh yfjf NWB# " BW ‗ Boiklf Wzhzkoc ‗ Fwzhîço b÷}fl 1 moybhjh pflo py÷pyko hphyfldo gflvlhy, gobpvzhjoy ov xvhlxvfy ovzyo wkwzfbh jf gobvckghîço jf }oq ov jhjow $Fxvkphbfczo B÷}fl+# Cfgfwwkzh jf vb ghyzço WKB, xvf nvhyjh wfv yfnkwzyo ch yfjf# " IWW ‗ Ihwf Zyhcwgfk}fy W{wzfb ‗ Wkwzfbh jf fwzhîço ihwf 1 ë ghphq jf wf gobvckghy gob hw fwzhîöfw b÷}fkw f fc}khy kcmoybhîöfw phyh o wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf yfjf, o CWW# " CWW ‗ Cfz~oye W~kzgdkcn W{wzfb ‗ Wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf yfjf 1 pyogfwwh kcmoybhîöfw hzyh}ëw jf kczfymhgfw f pyozogolow f nfyfcgkh o ihcgo jf jhjow# Hwwkb, gocwfnvf kczfygocfgzhy h yfjf NWB gob h yfjf pñilkgh $YZPG+# " OBW ‗ Opfyhzkocw hcj Bhkczfchcgf W{wzfb ‗ Wkwzfbh jf Opfyhîço f Bhcvzfcîço 1 gobhcjh ow nyvpow jf gobpocfczfw# 9#8 ‗ Gobpocfczfw
Gobpocfczfw NWB# 9 #8#8 ‗ Fwzhîço b÷}fl$BW+
H fwzhîço b÷}fl ë gocwzkzvâjh jf vb fxvkphbfczo b÷}fl $Boiklf Fxvkpbfcz " BF+, f vb b÷jvlo jf kjfczkjhjf jo hwwkchczf, $Wviwgykify Kjfczkz{ Bojvlf " WKB+, nfyhlbfczf vb gdkp# 9#8#8#8 " Fxvkphbfczo B÷}fl " BF Ghjh fxvkphbfczo b÷}fl zfb vb cñbfyo jf kjfczkmkghîço gdhbhjo kjfczkjhjf kczfychgkochl jo fxvkphbfczo b÷}fl $Kczfychzkochl Boiklf Fxvkpbfcz Kjfczkz{ " KBFK+# Fwwfw cñbfyow wço hybhqfchjow co yfnkwzyo jf kjfczkjhjf f fxvkphbfczo $Fxvkpbfcz Kjfczkz{ Yfnkwzfy " FKY+, fwzvjhjo bhkw h myfczf#Ë o py÷pyko hphyfldo gflvlhy# Wço zyáw zkpow 1 " ]fkgvlhy 1 nfyhlbfczf vbh hczfch ch phyzf ftzfych jo }fâgvlo5 " Fwzhîço B÷}fl Poyzèzkl 1 Gobpowzo poy vbh bhlfzh# " Fwzhîço B÷}fl $dhcjwfz + 1 Gobpowzo poy vb zflfmocf jf pfxvfco poyzf# Fwwfw zyáw zkpow powwvfb ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jkmfyfczfw xvf mhqfb h gobvckghîço jh BW gob h IWW jfpfcjfy jo zkpo jf hphyfldo# H IWW, poyzhczo, pyfgkwh whify xvhl ë o zkpo jf hphyfldo phyh kbplfbfczhy h gobvckghîço# Phyh yfwol}fy fwwf pyoilfbh, h BW fc}kh vbh bfcwhnfb kckgkhl xvf ghyyfnh hw wfnvkczfw kcmoybhîöfw 1 " Yf}kwço 1 kjfczkmkgh h mhwf jo phjyço NWB hjozhjh# Hw mhwfw bhkw yfgfczfw gocwfnvfb yfhlkqhy zojow ow wfy}kîow jhw hczfykoyfw, bhw o goczyèyko cço hgoczfgf# Lono, xvhcjo jvhw mhwfw jkwzkczhw wf gobvckghb, ow wfy}kîow kbplhczhjow wço ow jh mhwf bhkw hczknh5 " Hlnoykzbo jf Gykpzonyhmkh 1 jkq xvhl ë o hlnoykzbo jf gykpzonyhmkh vwhjo ch BW# Ch mhwf 8 dè wobfczf o hlnoykzbo H6, fcxvhczo ch mhwf 9 ftkwzfb ow hlnoykzbow H6/0 f H6/>5 " Ghphgkzhîço jf Myfxüácgkhw 1 jfpfcjfcjo jo phjyço NWB hjozhjo pflh BW, o hphyfldo vzklkqh vbh jhw mhkthw jf myfxüácgkh " 460 BDq, ;00 BDq, 8#400 BDq ov 8#;00 BDq " , gobo
gkzhjo co z÷pkgo “Phjyço NWB‒# H bfcwhnfb kckgkhl jf}f, poyzhczo, kcjkghy fb xvf mhkth jf myfxüácgkhw wfyè mfkzh h gobvckghîço# Ftkwzfb gflvlhyfw xvf opfyhb chw : mhkthw, cvb bojo gocdfgkjo gobo bojo xvhzyo $xvhjyk"bojf+5 " Ghphgkzhîço jo Wfy}kîo jf Bfcwhnfcw Gvyzhw $Wdoyz Bfwwhnf Wfy}kgf ‗ WBW+ 1 kcmoybh wf h BW fwzè pyfphyhjh phyh yfgfify ov fc}khy bfcwhnfcw gvyzhw5 9#8#8#9 " B÷jvlo jf Kjfczkjhjf jo Hwwkchczf ‗ WKB Fwwf b÷jvlo gocwkwzf fb vb ghyzço kczflknfczf $wbhyz ghyj + xvf ghyyfnh kcmoybhîöfw fwwfcgkhkw phyh h kjfczkmkghîço jo hwwkchczf# Nfyhlbfczf ë vb gdkp xvf wf gocfgzh ho zflfmocf gflvlhy# O pyogfwwhbfczo jow wfy}kîow f wvhw zhykmhîöfw wço yfhlkqhjow h phyzky jhw kcmoybhîöfw goczkjhw cfwwf gdkp, f cço co hphyfldo gflvlhy# Wfcjo hwwkb, o hwwkchczf pojf yfzkyhy wfv gdkp, fcghkthy fb ovzyo hphyfldo f yfhlkqhy vbh gdhbhjh gob wfv py÷pyko cñbfyo, o xvf wfyè zhykmhjo fb cobf jo joco jo gdkp# O WKB ghyyfnh hw wfnvkczfw kcmoybhîöfw, gvah vzklkqhîço wfyè fwzvjhjh bhkw hjkhczf 1 " Kjfczkjhjf kczfychgkochl jo hwwkchczf $Kczfychzkochl Boiklf Wviwgykify Kjfczkz{ ‗ KBWK+5 " Kjfczkjhjf zfbpoyèykh jo hwwkchczf $Zfbpoyhy{ Boiklf Wviwgykify Kjfczkz{ ‗ ZBWK+5 " Kjfczkjhjf jh èyfh jf loghlkqhîço $Loghzkoc Èyfh Kjfczkz{ ‗ LHK+5 " Gdh}f jf hvzfczkghîço jo hwwkchczf $Wviwgykify Hvzdfczkghzkoc Ef{ ‗ Ek+5 " Cñbfyo kczfychgkochl KWJC $Kczfnyhzfj Wfy}kgf Jknkzhl Cfz~oye + jh fwzhîço b÷}fl $Boiklf Wzhzkoc Kczfnyhzfj Wfy}kgfy Jknkzhl Cfz~oye ‗ BWKWJC+# 9#8#9 ‗ Wkwzfbh jf fwzhîço ihwf $IWW+
O wkwzfbh jf fwzhîço ihwf ë yfwpocwè}fl poy gocfgzhy h BW gob o wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf yfjf $CWW+# H BW fc}kh vb wkchl à IWW, xvf o ghpzh f jflf ftzyhk hw kcmoybhîöfw# Fwwhw kcmoybhîöfw wço fc}khjhw à yfjf# Co ovzyo wfczkjo, h IWW yfgfif ow jhjow }kcjow jh yfjf, f gocwzy÷k vb wkchl gvahw kcmoybhîöfw h BW ë ghphq jf ftzyhky# H IWW ë moybhjo poy zyáw flfbfczow# Vb phyh ghpzhy wkchkw jh BW f fc}khy ovzyow phyh h bfwbh, ovzyo phyh gobhcjhy o pykbfkyo f wf gobvckghy gob h yfjf# O zfygfkyo hvtklkh o wfnvcjo ch gobvckghîço gob h BWG# Ow zyáw fwzço jfzhldhjow hihkto 1 9#8#9#8 ‗ Fwzhîço zyhcwgfpzoyh ihwf $IZW+ H IZW $Ihwf Zyhcwgfk}fy Wzhzkoc+ kbplfbfczh gocftöfw gob hw BWw hzyh}ëw jh kczfymhgf hëyfh# Ë moybhjh poy Dhyj~hyf jf yhjkomyfxüácgkh f hczfchw, ihwkghbfczf# Fwwhw fwzhîöfw mkghb wfbpyf lknhjhw ho IWG, f hbiow goczyolhb nfyfcgkhb ow ghchkw jf zyèmfno# 9#8#9#9 ‗ Goczyolhjoy jf fwzhîço ihwf $IWG+ O IWG $Ihwf Wzhzkoc Goczyollfy + ë yfwpocwè}fl poy goczyolhy vb nyvpo jf fwzhîöfw zyhcwgfpzoyhw ihwf $IZWw+# Zojhw hw opfyhîöfw jf vbh IZW wço gobhcjhjhw pflo yfwpfgzk}o IWG# Hzyh}ëw jf vbh bhzykq jf gobvzhîço jknkzhl, hw IWGw gocfgzhb ow ghchkw jf YM gob ow gkygvkzow zfyyfwzyfw pyo}fckfczfw jh gfczyhl jf gobvzhîço gflvlhy $BWG+, vb gobpocfczf jo wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf yfjf# Gob fwwh zëgckgh, o IWG ë ghphq jf yfhlkqhy dhcjo}fyw fczyf
ow ghchkw jf YM kcjfpfcjfczf jh BWG, o xvf ozkbkqh o zyèmfno ch kczfymhgf hëyfh f yfjvq o zyhihldo jh BWG# 9#8#9#7 ‗ Zyhcwgojkmkghjoy $TGJY+ H BWG fc}kh wkchkw jf }oq h vbh zhth jf =: Eikzw/w# Wf ow ghchkw jf }oq PGB h fwwh zhth mowwfb zyhwbkzkjow jkyfzo ch kczfymhgf hëyfh, wfb bojkmkghîço, kykhb ogvphy vbh mhkth bvkzo ftzfcwh jh ihcjh jf YM, o xvf jkbkcvkykh o cñbfyo jf powwâ}fkw ghchkw jf }oq ch kczfymhgf hëyfh# O TGJY ë yfwpocwè}fl poy goc}fyzfy fwwfw wkchkw jf }oq jf =: Eikzw/w fb wkchkw jf 8= Eikzw/w xvf pojfb wfy fc}khjow ch kczfymhgf hëyfh# H zyhcwbkwwço jf jhjow cço phwwh pflo pyogfwwo jf zyhcwgojkmkghîço, ë hpfchw hjhpzhjh jf ;,= eikzw/w phyh 8= Eikzw/w, gob 7 Eikzw/w jf goczyolf# Phyh kwwo, vzklkqh hlnoykzbow jf gojkmkghîço, phjyockqhjow co NWB 1 " Hlnoykzbo jf zhth plfch 1 gojkmkgh o ghchl jf }oq jf =: Eikzw/w fb 87 Eikzw/w, hjkgkochcjo 7 Eikzw/w phyh jhjow jf goczyolf $gdhbhjo ZYHV " Zyhcwgojfy Yhzf Hjhpzkoc Vckz +# " Hlnoykzbo jf zhth plfch bfldoyhjo 1 pyfwfczf hpfchw ch mhwf 9 jo NWB, gojkmkgh =: Eikzw/w fb 89,9 Eikzw/w, f vwh 7,4 Eikzw/w phyh goczyolf# 9#8#7 ‗ Wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf yfjf $CWW+
O wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf yfjf ë yfpocwè}fl poy 1 " Gobvzhy ow ghchkw jf gobvckghîço fczyf jvhw IWWw5 " Goczyolhy f nfyfcgkhy h boiklkjhjf jow vwvèykow5 " Hybhqfchy f gocwvlzhy h ihwf jf jhjow jow hwwkchczfw# Ow flfbfczow jfwwf wkwzfbh wço fwzvjhjow h wfnvky# 9#8#7#8 ‗ Gfczyhl jf gobvzhîço gflvlhy $BWG+ H BWG $Boiklf wfy}kgfw W~kzgdkcn Gfczfy + ë o “goyhîço‒ jo wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf yfjf# Powwvk hw wfnvkczfw mvcîöfw 1 " Pyogfwwhy gdhbhjhw, ov wfah, gocfgzhy f jfwgocfgzhy gdhbhjhw, pyobo}fy dhcjo}fy fczyf IWWw f BWGw5 " Wvpfy}kwkochy, bhczfy f opfyhy hw ihwfw jf jhjow# " Nfyfcgkhy hw kczfymhgfw fczyf h yfjf NWB f ovzyhw yfjfw, gobo h YZGP $yfjf pñilkgh+ f h Yfjf Jknkzhl jf Wfy}kîow Kczfnyhjow ‗ YJWK5 " Zhykmhy ow wfy}kîow# Phyh yfhlkqhy zojhw fwwhw mvcîöfw, h BWG pyfgkwh fwzhy gocfgzhjh how ihcgow jf jhjow jf zojhw fwwhw kcmoybhîöfw# Jokw gobpocfczfw goczëb nyhcjf phyzf jfwwhw kcmoybhîöfw 1 o DLY f o ]LY# 9#8#7#9 ‗ Yfnkwzyo jf loghlkqhîço loghl $DLY+ O yfnkwzyo jf loghlkqhîço loghl hjbkckwzyh, hlzfyh f hzvhlkqh h ihwf jf jhjow jow hwwkchczfw loghkw# Fwwfw jhjow wço hgfwwhjow yfbozhbfczf pflo BWG f pflo ]LY# Ow pykcgkphkw jhjow nvhyjhjow pflo DLY wço1 " Kjfczkjhjf kczfychgkochl jo hwwkchczf $Kczfychzkochl Boiklf Wviwgykify Kjfczkz{ " KBWK+5 " Loghlkqhîço goyyfczf jo hwwkchczf co ]LY5
" Wfy}kîow wvplfbfczhyfw how xvhkw o hwwkchczf zfb jkyfkzo, ifb gobo kcmoybhîöfw hjkgkochkw woiyf fwwfw wfy}kîow5 " Fwzhjo jo hwwkchczf $yfnkwzyhjo ov cço yfnkwzyhjo+5 " Gdh}f jf hvzfczkghîço, xvf bfcgkochyfbow bhkw à myfczf# 9#8#7#7 ‗ Yfnkwzyo jf loghlkqhîço jo }kwkzhczf $]LY+ Pojf hgoczfgfy jf vb hwwkchczf phwwhy phyh ovzyh PLBC xvf cço h wvh jf oyknfb, o xvf ë ÷i}ko fb wf zyhzhcjo jf wkwzfbhw jf gobvckghîço b÷}fkw# Phyh wf yfhlkqhy h gobvckghîço gob fwwf vwvèyko “jf moyh‒, ov wfah, }kwkzhczf, ftkwzf o ]LY# Flf nvhyjh vbh g÷pkh jow pykcgkphkw jhjow jo hwwkchczf, goczkjow co wfv DLY jf oyknfb# Fwwhw kcmoybhîöfw wço 1 " Fwzhjo jh fwzhîço b÷}fl $lk}yf / ogvphjo/ cço yfwpocjf+5 " Kjfczkjhjf jf èyfh jf loghlkqhîço $Loghzkoc Hyfh Kjfczkz{ " LHK+5 " Kjfczkjhjf zfbpoyèykh jo hwwkchczf b÷}fl $Zfbpoyhy{ Boiklf Wviwgykify Kjfczkz{ ‗ ZBWK+5 " Cñbfyo jh fwzhîço b÷}fl }kwkzhczf $Boiklf Wzhzkoc Yohbkcn Cvbify ‗ BWYC+# H g÷pkh jfwwfw jhjow ë bhczkjh co ]LY poy vb zfbpo jfzfybkchjo pflo opfyhjoy jf yfjf $fwpfgkmkghjo fb bkcvzow ov doyhw+# H wfnvky jkwgvzkyfbow ow phpëkw jfwwhw kjfczkjhjfw hwwogkhjhw ho hwwkchczf f à fwzhîço b÷}fl# 9#8#7#: ‗ Kjfczkjhjfw jf vb vwvèyko fb vb wkwzfbh NWB Phyh kjfczkmkghy vb vwvèyko fb vb wkwzfbh NWB vwh"wf hlnvbhw kjfczkjhjfw, gvahw fwzyvzvyhw f mvcîöfw wfyço hpyfwfczhjhw hnoyh1 9#8#7#:#8 ‗ Kjfczkjhjf kczfychgkochl jo hwwkchczf b÷}fl H kjfczkjhjf kczfychgkochl jo hwwkchczf b÷}fl $Kczfychzkochl Boiklf Wviwgykify Kjfczkz{ + kjfczkmkgh h BW kczfychbfczf à yfjf NWB# Ë zyhcwbkzkjo hpfchw ch mhwf kckgkhl jh gdhbhjh# Cço gocwkwzf co cñbfyo xvf jkwghbow phyh yfhlkqhy vbh gdhbhjh, f wkb vb cñbfyo xvf kjfczkmkgh o hwwkchczf jfczyo jh yfjf NWB# Phyh xvf h kbplfbfczhîço wfah bhkw mègkl, fwwf cñbfyo ë phyfgkjo gob o cñbfyo xvf jkwghbow $BWKWJC, bfcgkochjo bhkw à myfczf+# O KBWK ë moybhjo poy zyáw ghbpow 1 " G÷jkno b÷}fl jo phâw $Boiklf Govczy{ Gojf ‗ BGG+ 1 zyáw jânkzow $89 ikzw+ xvf kjfczkmkghb h opfyhjoyh jf zflfmockh b÷}fl fb vb gfyzo phâw# " G÷jkno jh yfjf b÷}fl $Boiklf Cfz~oye Gojf ‗ BCG+ 1 jokw $4 ikzw+ jânkzow xvf kjfczkmkghb h yfjf PLBC loghl jo hwwkchczf b÷}fl $poy ftfbplo, Yko jf Ahcfkyo 2 98+5 " Cñbfyo jf kjfczkmkghîço jo hwwkchczf b÷}fl $Boiklf Wviwgykify Kjfczkmkghzkoc Cvbify ‗ BWKC+ 1 gob hzë jfq jânkzow $:0 ikzw+, fwwf cñbfyo kjfczkmkgh o hwwkchczf jfczyo jf vbh PLBC $poy ftfbplo, ;44>=660+# ]fah xvf pojf dh}fy o bfwbo BWKC fb ovzyh PLBC, hwwogkhjo h ovzyo hwwkchczf# 9#8#7#:#9 ‗ Kjfczkjhjf jf èyfh jf loghlkqhîço $LHK+ H LHK $Loghzkoc Hyfh Kjfczkz{ + ë o cobf jhjo h vb gocavczo jf gëlvlhw jh PLBC# Zkpkghbfczf, vbh LHK goczëb 70 gëlvlhw# Xvhcjo o hwwkchczf phwwh jf wvh LHK phyh ovzyh, o ]LY kjfczkmkgh wvh pyfwfcîh f pfygfif xvf cço dè jhjow jo pfymkl jfwwf hwwkchczf# Vzklkqhcjo h yfjf jf wkchlkqhîço, wolkgkzh fwwfw jhjow jo DLY $8, ch mknvyh hihkto+#
O DLY fczço yfzoych fwwfw jhjow phyh o ]LY, xvf ow hybhqfch fb vbh bfb÷ykh YHB/mlhwd, poy vb pfyâojo jfzfybkchjo pflo opfyhjoy jh yfjf# Fcxvhczo nvhyjh fwwh g÷pkh, o ]LY cço gocwvlzh o DLY $9, ch mknvyh hihkto+#
9#8#7#:#7 ‗ Kjfczkjhjf zfbpoyèykh jo hwwkchczf b÷}fl $ZBWK+ H kjfczkjhjf zfbpoyèykh jo hwwkchczf ë vwhjh phyh pyo}fy gocmkjfcgkhlkjhjf ho vwvèyko# Xvhcjo o hwwkchczf phwwh jf vbh LHK phyh ovzyh, vb cñbfyo ë hloghjo phyh flf, hlfhzoykhbfczf# H ]LY fczço hwwogkh fwwf cñbfyo h wfv KBWK, bhw gobo h hloghîço ë hlfhz÷ykh, hpfchw h ]LY whif xvhl ë o ZBWK#
O vwvèyko pojf ov cço ftknky fwwf wfy}kîo# Ghwo flf ftkah, h kbplfbfczhîço ë mfkzh jh wfnvkczf moybh 1
8+ Hp÷w o ]LY hjxvkyky ow jhjow jo DLY, gobfîh h zyogh jf kcmoybhîöfw fczyf h IWW f h BW# Ghwo h gocmkjfcgkhlkjhjf fwzfah pyf}kwzh, o ]LY hlogh o ZBWK, jf xvhzyo ogzfzow5 9+ Hp÷w hloghy vb ZBWK, o ]LY hwwogkh"o ho yfwpfgzk}o KBWK f nvhyjh fb vbh zhiflh, fb bfb÷ykh YHB ov mlhwd5 7+ Hw kcmoybhîöfw zyhcwbkzkjhw pflh IWW phwwhb h wfy jkyfgkochjhw h fwwf cñbfyo ZBWK fb }fq jo KBWK, o xvf f}kzh o bockzoyhbfczo pflh kczfymhgf hëyfh5 :+ H BW phwwh h vwhy o ZBWK zhbiëb# O cñbfyo ZBWK gob 79 ikzw knvhkw h 8 ë vwhjo gobo kc}èlkjo pflo ghyzço WKB# O cñbfyo ZBWK ë yfnkwzyhjo co ghyzço WKB jh BW# 9#8#7#:#: ‗ Cñbfyo Kczfychgkochl KWJC jh fwzhîço b÷}fl $BWKWJC+ O BWKWJC $Boiklf Wzhzkoc Kczfychzkochl Kczfnyhzfj Wfy}kgf Jknkzhl Cfz~oye + ë vwhjo phyh kczfnyhy h yfjf NWB à yfjf pñilkgh# Moybhjo poy zyáw ghbpow, ë o cñbfyo xvf ow vwvèykow bhkw gocdfgfb# Vb ghbpo kcmoybh o phâw jf oyknfb, ovzyo h PLBC f ovzyo o cñbfyo jo b÷}fl# O BWKWJC 6698;;;4444>, poy ftfbplo, ë jo Iyhwkl $g÷jkno 66+, jh PLBC jo Yko jf Ahcfkyo $98+, gob o cñbfyo ;;;4444># Fb jkmfyfczfw PLBCw pojf"wf vwhy o bfwbo cñbfyo# Ë poy kwwo xvf xvhcjo fwzhbow }khahcjo $ov wfah, fb ovzyh PLBC+ f jkwghbow vb cñbfyo fwxvfgfcjo jf mhqfy vbh lknhîço JJJ ‗ ch xvhl kcmoybhbow o g÷jkno jh PLBC " , h lknhîço ghk fb vb cñbfyo ftkwzfczf, bhw jfczyo jh PLBC fb xvf wobow }kwkzhczfw#
Fcxvhczo h lknhîço JJJ $Jkwghnfb Jkyfzh à Jkwzécgkh+ ftknf xvf kcmoybfbow o g÷jkno jh PLBC $CJG ‗ Chzkochl Jfwzkchzkoc Gojf+, h JJK $Jkwghnfb Jkyfzh Kczfychgkochl+ ftknf o CJG f o g÷jkno jo phâw $GG ‗ Govczy{ Gojf+# Xvhcjo vb vwvèyko jh YZGP gdhbh vb vwvèyko b÷}fl, jkwgh wfv BWKWJC, jfczyo jo moybhzo jh lknhîço# H BWG goc}fyzf o BWKWJC phyh vb KBWK, pokw h yfjf NWB vwh o KBWK kczfychbfczf# Phyh kwwo, vwh vbh zhiflh jf fcghbkcdhbfczo# O b÷}fl ë hgfwwhjo, fczço, pflo wfv KBWK#
9#8#7#:#6 ‗ Cñbfyo jh fwzhîço b÷}fl jo }kwkzhczf $BWYC+ O cñbfyo jf fwzhîço b÷}fl jo }kwkzhczf ë vwhjo phyh fwzhiflfgfy o ghchl jf }oq fczyf o hwwkchczf f h yfjf xvhcjo fwwf phwwh h ovzyh PLBC, xvf cço h wvh jf oyknfb# Fwwh co}h PLBC ë gobhcjhjh poy ovzyh BWG# Xvhcjo o hwwkchczf fczyh fb ovzyh PLBC, o ]LY jh BWG jfwwh PLBC hlogh vb cñbfyo jf vbh lkwzh mfkzh phyh pyo}fy fwwf wfy}kîo, gdhbhjoyohbkcn hvzobèzkgo# O vwvèyko cço pyfgkwh, poyzhczo, h}kwhy bhcvhlbfczf xvf bvjov jf PLBC# Fwwf wfy}kîo cfgfwwkzh jh zyogh jf }èykhw kcmoybhîöfw fczyf o BWG jf oyknfb f o co}o BWG# Phyh zhczo mok gykhjo vb pyozogolo gdhbhjo Boiklf Hpplkghzkoc Phyz $BHP+#
Ow phwwow h wfnvky bowzyhb gobo o wfy}kîo ë mfkzo 1 H+ Ho gdfnhy fb ovzyh PLBC, jf}kjo à wkchlkqhîço jh BW o BWG kjfczkmkgh vb co}o vwvèyko f }fykmkgh wf dè vb yfnkwzyo phyh fwwf hphyfldo co ]LY# O ]LY, fczço, gocwvlzh wvh ihwf jf jhjow f cço hgdh# I+ O ]LY fc}kh vbh bfcwhnfb jf wkchlkqhîço phyh o BWG jf oyknfb# Ho pfygfify h co}h BW ch wvh PLBC, o BWG whif xvhl ë o BWG jf oyknfb hzyh}ëw jhw kcmoybhîöfw goczkjhw co ghyzço WKB jo hphyfldo# G+ H BWG jf oyknfb fc}kh ow jhjow, f hzvhlkqh wfv py÷pyko ihcgo jf jhjow kcmoybhcjo h loghlkjhjf ch xvhl o b÷}fl wf fcgoczyh# J+ Vb hwwkchczf jh YZGP $yfjf pñilkgh+ oyknkch vbh gdhbhjh phyh o b÷}fl# Xvhcjo h gdhbhjh gdfnh ch BWG jo loghl jf oyknfb, fwwf gocwvlzh wfv DLY, xvf jkq ocjf fwzè o b÷}fl# F+ H BWG jf oyknfb wolkgkzh ho ]LY jo loghl }kwkzhjo vb cñbfyo BWYC, phyh xvf h gdhbhjh powwh wfy fwzhiflfgkjh# M+ O ]LY jo loghl }kwkzhjo gocwvlzh h lkwzh jf BWYCw f hlogh vb jkwpocâ}fl f fc}kh phyh h BWG jf oyknfb# N+ Gob o BWYC, h BWG jf oyknfb fwzhiflfgf vbh gocftço jf }oq gob h BWG jo loghl }kwkzhjo# 9#8#7#6 ‗ Gfczyo jf Hvzfczkghîço $HvG+ Coybhlbfczf kcwzhlhjo co bfwbo dhyj~hyf jo DLY, o Hvzdfczkghzkoc Gfczfy $HvG+ zfb hw
mvcîöfw jf hvzfczkghy f gykpzonyhmhy hw bfcwhnfcw, phyh kbpfjky hzhxvfw à yfjf, gobo BWw glochjhw, poy ftfbplo# Fwwfw pyogfwwow wço ftfgvzhjow wkbvlzhcfhbfczf co HvG f ch BW# Ho zfczhy hgfwwhy o wkwzfbh, h BW ë oiyknhjh h hpyfwfczhy vbh gdh}f jf hvzfczkghîço $Ek+, xvf mkgh yfnkwzyhjh co ghyzço WKB f co HvG# Ow pyogfwwow jf hvzfczkghîço f jf gykpzonyhmkh jfpfcjfb jfwwh gdh}f, f fwzço jfwgykzow h wfnvky1
H+ Ho yfgfify kcmoybhîöfw woiyf h BW, co kcâgko jf vbh gdhbhjh ov ch hzvhlkqhîço jf vb yfnkwzyo, o HvG nfyh vb cñbfyo hlfhz÷yko gdhbhjo YHCJ# I+ Hzyh}ëw jo hlnoykzbo H7, jf hvzfczkghîço, f vwhcjo o cñbfyo YHCJ f h gdh}f wfgyfzh Ek, o HvG nfyh h yfwpowzh gkmyhjh WYFW $Wkncfj YFWpocwf+# Hzyh}ëw jo hlnoykzbo H4, jf gykpzonyhmkh, nfyh h gdh}f jf gykpzonyhmkh Eg, vwhcjo YHCJ f Ek# G+ O HvG fc}kh WYFW, Eg f YHCJ phyh o DLY# J+ O DLY fc}kh fwwfw 7 jhjow phyh o ]LY, xvf ow nvhyjh zfbpoyhykhbfczf# F+ O ]LY fc}kh YHCJ phyh h BW, hzyh}ëw jh BWW f jh IWW# M+ H BW ghlgvlh o WYFW, wfphyhjhbfczf, vwhcjo o hlnoykzbo H7 f h gdh}f Ek, goczkjow co ghyzço WKB#
N+ H BW fc}kh o WYFW phyh o ]LY# D+ H ]LY gobphyh ow WYFW fc}khjow pflh BW f pflo HvG# Wf moyfb jkmfyfczfw, o pyogfwwo zfybkch gob mhldh5 wf moyfb knvhkw, h hvzfczkghîço ë zfybkchjh gob wvgfwwo# K+ Wf h gykpzonyhmkh fwzk}fy wfcjo ftfgvzhjh, o ]LY fc}kh h wfxüácgkh Eg phyh h IZW# A+ H BW ghlgvlh Eg f hybhqfch co ghyzço WKB, vwhcjo H4, Ek f YHCJ# H phyzky jf fczço, zojhw hw kcmoybhîöfw zyhcwbkzkjhw pflh BW wfyço gykpzonyhmhjhw pflh gdh}f Eg# E+ Vwhcjo o hlnoykzbo jf gykpzonyhmkh H6 f o cñbfyo jo dkpfyxvhjyo NWB, h IZW phwwh zhbiëb h w÷ fc}khy bfcwhnfcw gykpzonyhmhjhw# A f E gocwkwzfb cow phwwow jf gykpzonyhmkh# 9#8#7#= ‗ Yfnkwzyo jf kjfczkjhjf jo fxvkphbfczo $FKY+ O FKY $Fxvkpbfcz Kjfczkz{ Yfnkwzfy + powwvk h ihwf jf jhjow gfczyhlkqhjh jow cñbfyow jf kjfczkjhjf kczfychgkochl jo fxvkphbfczo b÷}fl $KBFK+, ow xvhkw wço ñckgow poy FKY# O moybhzo jo KBFK fwzè yfpyfwfczhjo ch mknvyh hihkto#
H ihwf jf jhjow jo FKY ë oynhckqhjh fb lkwzhw jf KBFKw, jf hgoyjo gob ow gykzëykow hihkto 1 " Lkwzh Iyhcgh 1 zojow ow KBFKw jf BWw dhiklkzhjhw h vwhy h yfjf NWB5 " Lkwzh cfnyh 1 KBFKw jf BWw cço dhiklkzhjhw, gobo BWw yovihjhw ov glochjhw5 " Lkwzh Gkcqh 1 KBFKw jf BWw gob hlnvb pyoilfbh zfbpoyèyko, gobo jfmfkzo jo dhyj~hyf ov fb bhcvzfcîço ch yfjf hvzoykqhjh, bhw xvf, fcmkb, cço avwzkmkghb h pyfwfcîh ch lkwzh cfnyh# 9#8#7#> ‗ Mvcîço jf Kczfymvcgkochbfczo $K^M+ O K^M $Kczfycfz^oyekcn Mvcgzkoc+ ë yfwpocwè}fl poy kczfymhgfhy h yfjf NWB gob ovzyhw yfjfw jf jhjow, gobo h kczfycfz, poy ftfbplo# Ë wvh mvcîço hjhpzhy h zhth jf jhjow f goc}fyzfy ow pyozogolow xvhcjo cfgfwwèyko# 9#8#7#4 ‗ Wvpyfwwoy jf Fgo $FG+ O FG $Fgdo Ghcgflfy + ë yfwpocwè}fl poy flkbkchy o fmfkzo jf fgo pyfwfczf chw gocftöfw fczyf h BWG f h YZPG# Fwwf fmfkzo hgoczfgf xvhcjo vb wkchl jf }oq gdfnh fb vb zfbpo fyyhjo, wvpfypowzo h ovzyo wkchl co zfbpo gfyzo# Hzyhwow jf pyophnhîço ch kczfymhgf hëyfh, ov pyo}oghjo pflo pyogfwwo jf zyhcwgojkmkghîço pojfb nfyhy fwwf pyoilfbh#
9#8#7#; ‗ Wkwzfbh jf Opfyhîço f Bhcvzfcîço $OBW+ O OBW $Opfyhzkocw hcj Bhkczfcgf W{wzfb+ hjbkckwzyh, opfyh, bhczëb f wvpfy}kwkoch ow flfbfczow jh yfjf NWB# Mhq kwwo oyh jf moybh gfczyhlkqhjh, oyh jf moybh yfbozh# Ë wvijk}kjkjo fb jokw wviwkwzfbhw, gobo bowzyh h mknvyh hihkto# 9#8#7#;#8 ‗ Gfczyo jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jf yfjf $CBG+ O CBG $Cfz~oye Bhchnfbfcz Gfczfy + ë o jf bhkw hlzh dkfyhyxvkh fb vbh yfjf NWB, pokw ë o jf bhkw hlzo câ}fl co OBW, xvf goczyolh h yfjf# W÷ ftkwzf vb CBG poy yfjf# Wvhw pykcgkphkw mvcîöfw wço jf bockzoyhbfczo1 " Jow c÷w jh yfjf5 " Jow jhjow fwzhzâwzkgow jh yfjf NWB5 " Jow OBGw# 9#8#7#;#9 ‗ Gfczyo jf Opfyhîço f Bhcvzfcîço $OBG+ O OBG $Opfyhzkoc hcj Bhkczfcgf Gfczfy + ë o flfbfczo xvf goczyolh ow ovzyow flfbfczow jh yfjf NWB $IZW, BWG, DLY, FKY, fzg#+ Vb OBG goczyolh vbh jfzfybkchjh yfnkço, f vbh yfjf NWB ë gobpowzh poy }èykow OBGw# Ftkwzfb jokw zkpow jf OBGw 1
" OBG $Y+1 goczyolh o Wviwkwzfbh jf fwzhîço ihwf $IWW+ " OBG $W+ 1 goczyolh o wviwkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf yfjf $CWW+# H mvcîço jo OBG ë nfyfcgkhy hw wfnvkczfw mvcîöfw 1 " F}fczow f hlhybfw5 " Pfymoybhcgf jo wkwzfbh5 " Gocmknvyhîço jo wkwzfbh# Fb wvbh, o OBG jfmkcf ow pykcgkphkw phyébfzyow, phyh hzvhy fb pyozogolow aè kbplfbfczhjow#
9#9 ‗ Kczfymhgfw
Gobo aè mok gobfczhjo hczfykoybfczf, o pykcgkphl mogo jo wkwzfbh NWB mok o jf pfybkzky xvf o bhkoy cñbfyo powwâ}fl jf vwvèykow pvjfwwfb wfy kczfnyhjow# Hw kczfymhgfw f pyozogolow jflf jf}fb wfy, poyzhczo, phjyockqhjow f mlftâ}fkw, jf moybh h pojfy kcgoypoyhy flfbfczow jf jkmfyfczfw mhiykghczfw# Vbh kczfymhgf pyfgkwh pyo}fy ow hwpfgzow mâwkgow jow bfkow jf zyhcwbkwwço, o kczfymvcgkochbfczo f h kbplfbfczhîço jow wfy}kîow f hplkghîöfw b÷}fkw fczyf ow flfbfczow jh yfjf NWB# Hihkto wfnvf vbh }kwço nfcëykgh jhw pykcgkphkw kczfymhgfw jo NWB#
Kczfymhgf hëyfh $Vb+ 1 Kczfylknh h BW f h IZW# Ë yfwpocwè}fl poy jkwpockiklkqhy ow ghchkw mâwkgow f l÷nkgow how hwwkchczfw b÷}fkw, phyh }khiklkqhy o pyogfwwhbfczo jf gdhbhjhw# Kczfymhgf Hikw 1 Gocfgzh h IZW ho IWG# Pfybkzf goczyolhy ow fxvkphbfczow f h hloghîço jf yfgvywow ch IZW# Kczfymhgf H 1 Gocfgzh h IWG f h BWG# Zyhcwpoyzh ow wfnvkczfw jhjow1 " Nfyfcgkhbfczo jo IWW5 " Zyhzhbfczo jf gdhbhjhw5 " Hloghîço jf gkygvkzow zfyyfwzyfw $ghchkw jf }oq fczyf ow flfbfczow gocfgzhjow+5 " Nfyfcgkhbfczo jf boiklkjhjf# Kczfymhgf I 1 Gocfgzh BWG f ]LY# Nfyfcgkh h ihwf jf jhjow jow hwwkchczfw xvf fwzço vwhcjo h èyfh goczyolhjh pflo BWG hwwogkhjo ho ]LY# Ë yfwpocwè}fl pflh loghlkqhîço jfczyo jh èyfh jh BWG, poy hzvhlkqhy o yfnkwzyo xvhcjo h BW }kwkzh ovzyh èyfh f poy hzvhlkqhy jhjow woiyf ow
wfy}kîow wvplfbfczhyfw $gobo hzk}hîço ov jfwhzk}hîço jf gdhbhjh fb fwpfyh, cñbfyo fwgoldkjo phyh zyhcwmfyácgkh zfbpoyèykh jf gdhbhjhw, fzg#+ Kczfymhgf G 1 Gocfgzh BWG f DLY# Ë vwhjo xvhcjo h BWG pyfgkwh jf kcmoybhîöfw cfgfwwèykhw ho yozfhbfczo jf gdhbhjhw ov ho fc}ko jf bfcwhnfcw gvyzhw $WBW+# Kczfymhgf J 1 Gocfgzh DLY f ]LY# Ë vwhjh ch zyogh jf jhjow woiyf h loghlkqhîço jh BW# Pyo}á h ghphgkjhjf jf vb hwwkchczf yfhlkqhy gdhbhjhw jfczyo jf vbh jfzfybkchjh èyfh jf wfy}kîo# Kczfymhgf F 1 Kczfylknh jvhw BWGw# Xvhcjo vbh BW bo}f"wf jh èyfh jf vbh BWG phyh ovzyh jf ovzyh BWG, jvyhczf vbh gdhbhjh, vb pyogfwwo gdhbhjo dhcjo}fy pfybkzf xvf gdhbhjh cço wfah kczfyyobpkjh# H kczfymhgf F ftfgvzh fwwf pyogfjkbfczo# Kczfymhgf M 1 Gocfgzh BWG f FKY# ]fykmkgh wf h BW fwzè ov cço dhiklkzhjh phyh vwhy ow wfy}kîow jh yfjf NWB, hzyh}ëw jo fwzhjo jo KBFK jh BW $nvhyjhjo co FKY+# Kczfymhgf N 1 Kczfylknh jvhw ]LYw# Ë vwhjo xvhcjo vbh BW bo}f"wf jf vb ]LY phyh ovzyo, yfgvpfyhcjo o KBFK f ow phyébfzyow jf hvzfczkghîço nvhyjhjow co ]LY jf oyknfb# Kczfymhgf Y 1 Gocfgzh h BW ho fxvkphbfczo zfybkchl jf jhjow $Jhzh Zfybkchl Fxvkpbfcz ‗ JZF+, vwhjh phyh gocfgzhy o gobpvzhjoy pfwwohl à BW, gob o oiafzk}o jf zyhcwbkzky jhjow poy phgozfw# Hwwkb pojf"wf kczfnyhy o wkwzfbh NWB h vbh gobvckghîço xvf vwf o pyozogolo ZGP/KP, jh Kczfycfz, poy ftfbplo# 9#9#8 ‗ Kczfymhgf Hëyfh $Vb+
H kczfymhgf hëyfh, zhbiëb gocdfgkjh gobo kczfymhgf Vb, ë yfwpocwè}fl poy gocfgzhy h fwzhîço b÷}fl $BW+ f h fwzhîço zyhcwgfpzoyh ihwf $IZW+# Vzklkqh hw ocjhw poyzhjoyhw jf yhjkomyfxüácgkh phyh lf}hy kcmoybhîço# Vbh ñckgh poyzhjoyh jf yhjkomyfxüácgkh powwvk 900 eDq jf lhynvyh jf ihcjh f pojf wvpoyzhy hzë 4 fwzhîöfw b÷}fkw# Fwwf hgfwwo jf 4 fwzhîöfw ho bfwbo zfbpo ë kbplfbfczhjo pflh zëgckgh jf hgfwwo bñlzkplo poy jk}kwço jf zfbpo $ZJBH+, ch xvhl h poyzhjoyh jk}kjf wfv zfbpo fb 4 kczfy}hlow, gdhbhjow Kczfy}hlo jf Zfbpo jf Ghchl $KZG+, f jkwpockiklkqh vb phyh ghjh b÷}fl# Ow KZGw wço kjfczkmkghjow jf 0 h >, f ghjh gocavczo jf 4 KZGw goyyfwpocjf h vb xvhjyo ZJBH# H kcmoybhîço lf}hjh pflo KZG ë gdhbhjh yhahjh jf jhjow $ivywz +# O Ivywz yfpyfwfczh o zkpo jf kcmoybhîço xvf fwzè wfcjo zyhcwpoyzhjh# O wkcgyockwbo ë vb mhzoy gyâzkgo phyh h gobvckghîço# Phyh kwwo, hw kcmoybhîöfw jf}fb wfy zyhcwbkzkjhw co bobfczo fthzo# Fwwf bobfczo fthzo ë kbplfbfczhjo gob vb hzyhwo co kcâgko jo xvhjyo ZJBH# H IZW hzyhwh fb 7 KZGw o fc}ko jo wfv xvhjyo ZJBH, jf moybh xvf o fclhgf jkyfzo f o yf}fywo zfb 7 KZGw jf jkmfyfcîh# Aè h BW zfb vb pyoilfbh bhkoy h yfwol}fy# Gobo wf jfwlogh, o hzyhwo jf}kjo à jkwzécgkh }hykh# Jfwwh moybh, o hzyhwo xvf h BW jf}f fbpyfnhy fczyf o fclhgf jkyfzo f o yf}fywo jfpfcjf jf wvh jkwzécgkh# H yfjf NWB gocdfgf h loghlkqhîço jo b÷}fl, f yfwol}f o pyoilfbh kcmoybhcjo gocwzhczfbfczf à BW gobo havwzhy wfv hzyhwo h mkb jf wkcgyockqhy h gobvckghîço#
9#9#8#8 ‗ Ghchkw jf zyèmfno $Zyhmkg GDhccfl ‗ ZGD+
Ow ghchkw jf zyèmfno zyhcwpoyzhb }oq f jhjow co bojo jf gobvzhîço jf gkygvkzow# Wço kbplfbfczhjow ch kczfymhgf hëyfh hzyh}ëw jf bvlzkxvhjyow, vb gocavczo jf 9= xvhjyow ZJBH# Ghjh xvhjyo powwvk 4 KZGw, ghjh KZG powwvk 6>> ¶w, fb vb bvlzkxvhjyo dè 9= xvhjyow# Pojf" wf ghlgvlhy h jvyhîço jf vb bvlzkxvhjyo jf zyèmfno 1 9= xvhjyow t 4 KZGw t 6>> ¶w poy KZG 2 890 bw#
H mknvyh h wfnvky bowzyh ow jkmfyfczfw zkpow jf ghchkw jf zyèmfno#
Ghchkw vwhjow phyh o zyhcwpoyzf jf }oq1 " Ghchl jf }oq gob zhth plfch $Mvll Yhzf Wpffgd Gdhcfl ‗ ZGD/MW+ 1 zhth jf 87 eikzw/w5 " Ghchl jf }oq gob zhth plfch bfldoyhjh $Fcdhcgfj Mvll Yhzf Wpffgd Gdhccfl ‗ ZGD/FMW+ 1 zhth jf 89,9 eikzw/w5 " Ghchl jf }oq gob bfkh zhth $Dhlm Yhzf Wpffgd Gdhccfl ‗ ZGD/DW+ 1 zhth jf 6,= eikzw/w# Ghchkw vwhjow phyh o zyhcwpoyzf jf jhjow co bojo jf gobvzhîço jf gkygvkzow 1 " Ghchl jf jhjow gob zhth plfch $Jhzh Gdhccfl Mvll Yhzf ‗ ZGD/M;#=+ 1 zhth jf ;,= eikzw/w5 " Ghchl jf jhjow gob zhth plfch $ZGD"M:#4+ 1 zhth jf :#4 eikzw/w5 " Ghchl jf jhjow gob zhth plfch $ZGD/M9#:+ 1 zhth jf hzë 9,: eikzw/w5 " Ghchl jf jhjow gob bfkh zhth $Jhzh Gdhccfl Dhlm Yhzf ‗ ZGD/D:#4+ 1 zhth jf :,4 eikzw/w5 " Ghchl jf jhjow gob bfkh zhth $ZGD/D9#:+ 1 zhth jf 9,: eikzw/w# H hyxvkzfzvyh NPYW, kbplhczhjh ch nfyhîço 9#6N pyo}á zyèmfno jf jhjow poy phgozfw# Moyhb jkwpockiklkqhjow, phyh zhczo, ghchkw jf zyhcwpoyzf jf jhjow co bojo jf gobvzhîço jf phgozfw, xvf wfyço fwzvjhjow ch wfwwço NPYW# 9#9#8#9 ‗ Ghchkw jf goczyolf $Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ GGD+
Ow ghchkw jf goczyolf zyhcwpoyzhb kcmoybhîöfw jf wkchlkqhîço f goczyolf fczyf h BW f h IZW# Zhl gobo ow ghchkw jf zyèmfno, wço oynhckqhjow fb bvlzkxvhjyow, bhw gob 68 xvhjyow ZJBH# Jh bfwbh moybh xvf phyh ow ghchkw jf zyèmfno, pojf"wf ghlgvlhy h jvyhîço jf vb bvlzkxvhjyo jf goczyolf 1 68 xvhjyow t 4 KZGw t 6>> ¶w poy KZG 2 976,: bw# Ow ghchkw jf goczyolf wço jk}kjkjow fb zyáw nvpow 1 ghchl jf goczyolf jfjkghjo, ghchl jf goczyolf gobvb f ghchl jf goczyolf poy jkmvwço# Nyvpo ghchl jf goczyolf jfjkghjo $Jfjkghzfj Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ JGGD+1 Moybhjo poy
ghchkw hwwogkhjow h vbh ñckgh BW, ë yfwpocwè}fl poy }hlkjhy h BW f fwzhiflfgfy hw gdhbhjhw# Ow ghchkw xvf o gobpöfb wço 1
" Ghchl jf goczyolf jfjkghjo kcjfpfcjfczf $Wzhcj"hlocf Jfjkghzfj Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ WJGGD+ 1 zyhcwmfyf jhjow jf/phyh vbh ñckgh BW jvyhczf o fwzhiflfgkbfczo jh gdhbhjh f h }hlkjhîço jo b÷}fl5 " Ghchl jf goczyolf hwwogkhjo $Hwwogkhzfj Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ HGGD+ 1 Ë jk}kjkjo fb jokw ghchkw, o Wlo~ HGGD $WHGGD+ f o Mhwz HGGD $MHGGD+# O pykbfkyo zyhcwpoyzh kcmoybhîöfw jf bfjkjhw jo fclhgf f goczyolf jf pozácgkh, fcxvhczo o wfnvcjo ë vwhjo phyh bfcwhnfcw jf f}fczow, gobo kcmoybhîöfw woiyf dhcjo}fy f hvzfczkghîço, poy ftfbplo# Fwwfw ghchkw “yovihb‒ vb kczfy}hlo jo ghchl ZGD f kcwfyfb wvhw kcmoybhîöfw# Zyhihldhb cow fclhgfw jkyfzo f yf}fywo# Nyvpo ghchl jf goczyolf gobvb $Gobboc Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ GGGD+ 1 Moybhjo poy
ghchkwh xvf zyhihldhb cow fclhgfw jkyfzo f yf}fywo co fwzhiflfgkbfczo jf gdhbhjhw# Ow ghchkw xvf o gobpöfb wço 1 " Ghchl jf ivwgh $Phnkcn GDhccfl ‗ PGD+1 vwhjo pflh IZW phyh pyogvyhy vbh jfzfybkchjh BW# " Ghchl jf hgfwwo hlfhz÷yko $Yhcjob Hggfw GDhccfl ‗ YHGD+ 1 vwhjo pflh BW phyh hgfwwhy h yfjf, o xvf pojf hgoczfgfy h xvhlxvfy kcwzhczf, oyknkchcjo vbh gdhbhjh ov yfwpocjfcjo h vb pyogfwwo jf ivwgh5 " Ghchl jf hgfwwo pfybkzkjo $Hggfww Nyhczfj GDhccfl ‗ HNGD+ 1 Xvhcjo h BW fc}kh vb pfjkjo jf hgfwwo $pflo ghchl YHGD+, h IZW vwh fwwf ghchl phyh hwwogkhy ow ghchkw jf goczyolf jfjkghjo $WJGGD ov WHGGD+ cfgfwwèykow5 " Ghchl jf cozkmkghîço $Cozkmkghzkoc Gdhccfl ‗ CGD+ 1 Vwhjo xvhcjo h IZW fc}kh vbh bfcwhnfb jf cozkmkghîço phyh vb nyvpo jf BWw ov fb gdhbhjhw jf }oq poy jkmvwço# Nyvpo ghchl jf goczyolf poy jkmvwço $Iyohjghwz Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ IGGD+ 1 Moybhjo poy ghchkw xvf opfyhb hpfchw co fclhgf jkyfzo, ov wfah, wfy}fb phyh jkmvcjky bfcwhnfcw woiyf h yfjf phyh hw BWw# Ow ghchkw xvf o wobpöfb wço 1 " Ghchl jf goczyolf poy jkmvwço $Iyohjghwz Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ IGGD+ 1 lf}h kcmoybhîöfw gobo kjfczkjhjf jh gëlvlh, lkwzh jf gëlvlhw }kqkcdhw, LHK, lkwzh jf myfxüácgkhw vwhjhw pflh gëlvlh f kcjkghjoy jf goczyolf jf pozácgkh5 " Ghchl jf jkmvwço phyh hw gëlvlhw $Gfll Iyohjghwz GDhccfl ‗ GIGD+ 1 Vwh o wfy}kîo jf bfcwhnfcw gvyzhw $Wdoyz Bfwwhnf Wfy}kgfw ‗ WBW+ phyh fc}khy h zojhw hw BWw ch èyfh jf goifyzvyh jf vbh IZW kcmoybhîöfw gobo yfwvlzhjow jf aonow, gocjkîöfw jo zyécwkzo, fzg5 " Ghchl jf wkcgyockwbo $W{cgdyockqkcn GDhccfl ‗ WGD+ 1 lf}h jhjow cfgfwwèykow ho wkcgyockwbo jh gobvckghîço, gobo o cñbfyo jo xvhjyo ZJBH f o g÷jkno jh IZW5 " Ghchl jf goyyfîço jf myfxüácgkh $Myfxvfcg{ Goyyfgzkoc GDhccfl ‗ MGGD+ 1 Vwhjo pflh BW phyh wkczockqhy"wf ch poyzhjoyh jf YM# 9#9#8#9#8 ‗ Zkpow jf bvlzkxvhjyo jf goczyolf
Gobo aè bfcgkochjo, bvlzkxvhjyow wço gocavczow jf xvhjyow# H oynhckqhîço jow xvhjyow fb vb bvlzkxvhjyo kbplfbfczh h oyjfb jhw bfcwhnfcw jf goczyolf, wfcjo hwwkb h fwpkcdh joywhl jh kczfymhgf, fb yflhîço ho goczyolf#
Ftkwzfb jokw zkpow jf bvlzkxvhjyow jf goczyolf 1 vb phyh ow ghchkw jf goczyolf jfjkghjo $JGGD/4+, f ovzyo phyh ghchkw jf goczyolf gobvb f poy jkmvwço $IGGD/GGGD+# Bvlzkxvhjyo IGGD/GGGD
Vbh poyzhjoyh jf YM, gobo aè }kwzo, wvpoyzh 4 vwvèykow, xvf wf jk}kjfb cow 4 kczfy}hlow $wlozw+ jf vb xvhjyo ZJBH# Co wloz 0 jf ghjh xvhjyo, ch }fyjhjf, ë fbpyfnhjo o bvlzkxvhjyo IGGD/GGGD# Wvh fwzyvzvyh fwzè jfwgykzh hihkto# O fclhgf jkyfzo ë jk}kjkjo fb gkglow, fcxvhczo o yf}fywo ë ftglvwk}hbfczf jfwzkchjo ho ghchl YHGD, xvf pyo}á o pfjkjo jf hgfwwo jh BW à IZW, fb xvhlxvfy kcwzhczf#
Bvlzkxvhjyo JGGD/4
Fwwf bvlzkxvhjyo gobpoyzh 4 ghchkw jfjkghjow ghjh vb h vb vwvèyko# Ghjh ghchl WJGGD $J0, J8, ###+ fwzè hwwogkhjo h vb WHGGD $H0, H8, ###+# H jkmfyfcîh fczyf ow fclhgfw ë mfkzh phyh pfybkzky xvf h BW yfgfih h bfcwhnfb f pyojvqh h yfwpowzh#
9#9#8#9 ‗ Pyozogolow jh kczfymhgf hëyfh
Ow pyozogolow jh kczfymhgf hëyfh wço jk}kjkjow fb zyáw ghbhjhw, oifjfgfcjo ho bojflo jf yfmfyácgkh OWK#
9#9#8#9#8 ‗ Ghbhjh 7 $ghbhjh jf yfjf+
H ghbhjh jf pyozogolow câ}fl 7 kbplfbfczh hw wfnvkczfw mvcîöfw 1 " Nfyfcgkhbfczo jh yhjkomyfxüácgkh5 " Nfyfcgkhbfczo jh boiklkjhjf5 " Nfyfcgkhbfczo jhw gocftöfw5 " Gobvzhîço jow gkygvkzow fczyf h yfjf NWB f hw jfbhkw yfjfw5 " Goczyolf jow wfy}kîow wvplfbfczhyfw5 " Goczyolf jow wfy}kîow jf loghlkqhîço# Zyáw wvighbhjhw gobpöfb fwwh ghbhjh 1 nfyfcgkhbfczo jow yfgvywow jf yèjko 5 nfyfcgkhbfczo jh boiklkjhjf f nfyfcgkhbfczo jf gocftöfw# Nfyfcgkhbfczo jf yfgvywow jf yèjko $Yhjko Yfwovygf Bhchnfbfcz ‗ YY+ 1
" Hlogh f lkifyh o ghchl jf YM5 " Dhiklkzh h gykpzonyhmkh5 " Goczyolh pozácgkh5 " Yfhlkqh dhcjo}fy jf vbh gëlvlh phyh ovzyh# Nfyfcgkhbfczo jf boiklkjhjf $Boiklkz{ Bhchnfbfcz ‗ BB+ 1
" Yfnkwzyh h BW5 " ]fykmkgh o vwvèyko f h kjfczkjhjf jo fxvkphbfczo5 " ]fykmkgh xvhkw wfy}kîow fwzço hwwogkhjow ho vwvèyko5 " Hvzfczkgh o vwvèyko5 " Yfhlogh h kjfczkjhjf zfbpoyèykh jo hwwkchczf $ZBWK+# Nfyfcgkhbfczo jf gocftöfw $Goccfgzkoc Bhchnfbfcz ‗ GB+ " moybhjo poy zyáw fczkjhjfw 1
" Goczyolf jf gdhbhjhw $Ghll Gfczfy ‗ GG+ 1 Fwzhiflfgf, bhczëb f jfwgocfgzh h gdhbhjh, hlëb jf goczyolhy ow wfy}kîow wvplfbfczhyfw# " Wfy}kîow wvplfbfczhyfw $Wvpplfbfczhy{ Wfy}kgfw ‗ WW+ 1 Pyo}á ow wfy}kîow wvplfbfczhyfw,
gobo zyhcwmfyácgkh jf gdhbhjhw, gdhbhjh fb fwpfyh, fzg# " Wfy}kîo jf bfcwhnfcw gvyzhw $Wdoyz Bfwwhnf Wfy}kgf ‗ WBW+ 1 Goczyolh o wfy}kîo jf WBW# 9#9#8#9#8#8 ‗ Fwzyvzvyh jhw bfcwhnfcw jh ghbhjh 7
H fwzyvzvyh jhw bfcwhnfcw ë jfmkckjh pflh Fwpfgkmkghîço NWB 0:#04# " Ghbpo jkwgykbkchjoy jf pyozogolo $Pyozogol Jkwgybkchzoy ‗ PJ+ 1 kjfczkmkgh o pyozogolo xvf h bfcwhnfb jh ghbhjh 7 fwzè zyhcwpoyzhcjo# " Ghbpo kjfczkmkghjoy jf zyhcwhîço $Zyhcwhgzkoc Kjfczkmkfy ‗ ZK+ 1 vwhjo phyh jfzfybkchy bñlzkplhw gocftöfw ov zyhcwhîöfw xvf ogoyyfb ho bfwbo zfbpo# Jfmkcf wf h bfcwhnfb ë jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jf yèjko $YY+, ov jf boiklkjhjf, wfah wfb h zfgcolonkh NPYW $BB+ ov phyh o wfy}kîo NPYW# " Ghbpo zkpo jf bfcwhnfb $Bfwwhnf Z{pf+ 1 kjfczkmkgh o zkpo jh bfcwhnfb, YY, BB ov GB, gobo fwzvjhjo hczfykoybfczf# " Ghbpo ovzyow flfbfczow jf kcmoybhîço $ozdfy Kcmoybhzkoc Flfbfczfw ‗ KF+ 1 pojf kcjkghy o zkpo jf flfbfczo jf kcmoybhîço, o gobpykbfczo f vb }hloy, wf cfgfwwèyko# Hihkto fwzço jfwgykzow ow zkpow jf flfbfczo jf kcmoybhîço# 9#9#8#9#9 ‗ Ghbhjh 9 $ghbhjh jf fclhgf+
O pyozogolo jh ghbhjh 9 jh kczfymhgf hëyfh vwh pyogfjkbfczow jf hgfwwo ho fclhgf jo ghchl J bojkmkghjo $Lkce Hggfww Pyogfjvyfw oc Jb"gdhccfl ‗ LHPJb+ phyh pyo}fy wkchlkqhîço fczyf fczkjhjfw jh ghbhjh 7# Zojow ow ghchkw jf goczyolf vzklkqhb o LPJb, ftgfzo o ghchl YHGD#
Fwwf pyozogolo ë zozhlbfczf ihwfhjo co pyozogolo LHPJ, jh Yfjf Jknkzhl jf Wfy}kîow Kczfnyhjow $YJWK+, kcglvâjo ch kczfymhgf Hikw# O LHPJb zfb gobo pykcgkphkw mvcîöfw 1 " Pyo}fy gocftöfw jf fclhgf co ghchl Jb# Fwwhw gocftöfw wço kjfczkmkghjhw pflo kjfczkmkghjoy jf gocftço jo fclhgf jf jhjow $Jhzh Lkce Goccfgzkoc Kjfczkmkfy ‗ JLGK+5 " Oynhckqhy hw kcmoybhîöfw }kcjhw jh ghbhjh 7 cow xvhjyow5 " Yfgocdfgfy f zyhcwbkzky ow xvhjyow, goczyolhcjo h wfxüácgkh5 " Jfzfgzhy ow fyyow opfyhgkochkw co fclhgf jf jhjow# 9#9#8#9#9#8 ‗ kjfczkmkghjoy jf gocftço jo fclhgf jf jhjow $JLGK+
O JLGK ë moybhjo pflo kjfczkmkghjoy jo poczo jf hgfwwo ho wfy}kîo $Wfy}kgf Hggfww Pokcz Kjfczkmkfy ‗ WHPK+ f pflo zkpo jf ghchl jf goczyolf# O WHPK ë zyhcwpoyzhjo co ghbpo jf fcjfyfîo jf ghjh xvhjyo, f ë jfmkckjo ch ghbhjh 7# H ghbhjh 8 kcjkgh o zkpo jf ghchl fb xvf h bfcwhnfb mok yfgfikjh# Gobikchcjo fwwhw jvhw kcmoybhîöfw, h ghbhjh 9 jfmkcf h xvhl h ghbhjh jf fclhgf jf jhjow jf}f wfy fczyfnvf h bfcwhnfb# O WHPK pojf hwwvbky hpfchw jokw }hloyfw 1 0 ov 7# WHPK20 1 " Goczyolf jf gdhbhjh $GG+5 " Nfyfcgkhbfczo jf boiklkjhjf $BB+5 " Wfy}kîow wvplfbfczhyfw $WW+5 " Nfyfcgkhbfczo jf yfgvywow jf yèjko $YY+# WHPK27 " Wfy}kîo jf bfcwhnfcw gvyzhw $WBW+ 9#9#8#9#7 ‗ Ghbhjh 8 $ghbhjh mâwkgh+
Yfpyfwfczh o fclhgf mâwkgo fczyf BW f IZW, yfwpocwè}fl poy fwzhiflfgfy, lkifyhy f goczyolhy hw gocftöfw# Hw pykcgkphkw mvcîöfw wço 1 " Goczyolf jf pozácgkh5 " Jfmkckîço jow ghchkw mâwkgow jfjkghjow, ov wfah, ftglvwk}ow5 " Bockzoyhbfczo jh xvhlkjhjf jo wkchl jvyhczf hw gdhbhjhw5 " Wkczockqhîço jhw myfxüácgkhw5 " Wkcgyockqhîço jow xvhjyow ZJBH5 " Myfxvfcg{ doppkcn , pyogfwwo co xvhl h myfxüácgkh ë yfhavwzhjh phyh ovzyo }hloy5 " Gykpzonyhmkh5 " Hwwogkhîço fczyf ghchkw l÷nkgow f mâwkgow5 " Gojkmkghîço phyh jfzfgîço f goyyfîço jf fyyow5 " Bojvlhîço# H mknvyh hihkto bowzyh h yfpyfwfczhîço fwxvfbèzkgh fb ilogow jh ghbhjh 8#
Cozf xvf jvyhczf h zyhcwbkwwço pflh kczfymhgf hëyfh ë bvkzo ftpowzh# Pfyjfy ikzw co pyogfwwo jf zyhcwbkwwço wfykh fczço hlno bvkzo gobvb, f kwwo kc}khiklkqhykh o wkwzfbh NWB# Co fczhczo, hlnvcw pyogfwwow moyhb gykhjow jf moybh h jfzfgzhy f goyyknky fwwhw pfyjhw# Jokw pyogfwwow wço ow bhkoyfw yfwpocwè}fkw pflh yoivwzfq jh kczfymhgf hëyfh NWB 1 h gojkmkghîço goc}olvgkochl f o kczfylfh}kcn # H gojkmkghîço goc}olvgkochl ë vb bëzojo xvf jvplkgh o cñbfyo jf ikzw, h mkb jf wf f}kzhy h pfyjh jf ikzw wkbplfw# O kczfylfh}kcn ë vb pyogfwwo wfbfldhczf à zyhcwpowkîço jf bfcwhnfcw, fb gykpzonyhmkh# Gob vbh bfcwhnfb wfbkczfylfh}kcn , ho wf pfyjfy vbh mhkth jf jhjow $pyogfwwo gdhbhjo jfw}hcfgkbfczo ov mhjkcn+, mkgh jkmâgkl yfboczhy h bfcwhnfb, pokw h mhkth jf ikzw wfykh gocwfgvzk}h# Gob o kczfylh}kcn h bfcwhnfb w÷ ë fc}khjh hp÷w h zyhcwpowkîço# Hwwkb, wf hgoczfgfy o jfw}hcfgkbfczo, xvhcjo o pyogfwwo kc}fywo à zyhcwpowkîço moy ftfgvzhjo, ow ikzw pfyjkjow cço wfyço gocwfgvzk}ow, mhgklkzhcjo h goyyfîço jh bfcwhnfb# H mknvyh hihkto klvwzyh o kczfylfh}kcn #
Ftkwzf hkcjh ovzyh zëgckgh xvf hvbfczh h fmkgkácgkh jo kczfylfh}kcn f jh gojkmkghîço 1 o whlzo fb myfxüácgkh $Myfxvfcg{ Doppkcn " MD+# O MD gocwkwzf ch bvjhcîh jh myfxüácgkh vwhjh# H BW zyhcwbkzf o KZG fb vb xvhjyo ZJBH, cvbh myfxüácgkh mkth, f co py÷tkbo xvhjyo, fc}kh o KZG fb ovzyh myfxüácgkh# H }hykhîço jh myfxüácgkh wfnvf vb hlnoykzbo# O whlzo fb myfxüácgkh ogoyyf, fczço, co kczfy}hlo jf zfbpo fczyf vb KZG f ovzyo#
9#9#8#9#8#7#8 ‗ Bojvlhîço NBWE
H bojvlhîço NBWE, h bhkw vwhjh co wkwzfbh NWB, ë jfyk}hjh jh bojvlhîço BWE# H BWE gocwkwzf ihwkghbfczf fb }hykhy h mhwf jo wkchl jf hgoyjo gob o py÷tkbo ikz jh wfxüácgkh 1 wf moy 8, }hykh %;0±, wf moy 0, }hykh ";0±# H mknvyh hihkto bowzyh h wfxüácgkh 888080000 zyhcwbkzkjh ch bojvlhîço BWE# H NBWE wvh}kqh o wkchl BWE hzyh}ëw jf vb mklzyo jf pyë"bojvlhîço nhvwwkhco# Ghjh ikz kbplkgh ch }hykhîço jh myfxüácgkh jo wkchl, fb %=>,>04 eDq $ikz28+ ov "=>,>04 eDq $ikz20+# H wfxvácgkh 8880000 hp÷w h bojvlhîço NBWE fwzè bowzyhjh ch mknvyh hihkto, co jkhnyhbh K/X#
9#9#9 ‗ Kczfymhgf Hikw
H kczfymhgf Hikw ë yfwpocwè}fl poy kczfygocfgzhy IZW f IWG# Jf}f powwkiklkzhy o vwo jf IZWw f IWGw jf jkmfyfczfw mhiykghczfw, lfbiyhcjo xvf ghjh IWG goczyolh }èykhw IZWw# Ë jfmkckjh gobo vb fclhgf jknkzhl zfyyfwzyf jf 9,0:4 Bikzw/w, gob hw wfnvkczfw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw phjyockqhjow 1 " Phyébfzyow mâwkgow f flëzykgow5 " Fwzyvzvyhw jow ghchkw5 " Pyogfwwow jf zyhcwmfyácgkh jf wkchlkqhîço, gocmknvyhîço f goczyolf5 " Kcmoybhîöfw woiyf opfyhîço f bhcvzfcîço# Ë kbpoyzhczf whify xvf h ZW ë moybhjh poy jokw gobpocfczfw mâwkgow, o ZYT $Zyhcwgfk}fy + f IGM $Ihwf Goczyol Mvcgzkoc, mvcîço jf goczyolf jh IZW+# O pykbfkyo gocwkwzf fb vb xvhjyo ZJBH jf vbh poyzhjoyh jf YM, fcxvhczo o wfnvcjo goczyolh mvcîöfw kczfychw jh IZW gobo ow whlzow fb myfxüácgkh, h hloghîço jf ghchkw mâwkgo f l÷nkgo, fzg# H kczfymhgf Hikw pojf wvpoyzhy zyáw gocmknvyhîöfw kczfychw jhw IZW jkwzkczhw, gocmoybf mknvyh hihkto 1 " Vb ZYT5 " Vb gocavczo jf ZYT, zojhw wfy}kjhw pflh bfwbh gocftço5 " Vb gocavczo jf ZYT, ghjh ZYT gob wvh py÷pykh gocftço mâwkgh# H kczfymhgf Hikw ë moybhjh poy vb ghchl jf zyèmfno $4, 8= ov =: eikzw/w+, phyh zyhcwpoyzhy }oq ov jhjow fb vb ghchl jf YM, f vb ghchl jf wkchlkqhîço $8=, 79 ov =: eikzw/w+, phyh zyhcwpoyzhy h wkchlkqhîço fczyf IWG"BW f IWG"IZW#
9#9#9#8 ‗ Ghchkw l÷nkgow jo fclhgf jf wkchlkqhîço
Ow fclhgfw jf wkchlkqhîço zyhcwpoyzhb kcmoybhîço fczyf IZW f IWG, jf/phyh ow gobpocfczfw ZYT f IGM $}fy mknvyh hczfykoy+# O fcjfyfîhbfczo jfwwfw gobpocfczfw ë mfkzo pflo kjfczkmkghjoy jf zfybkchl $Zfybkchl Fcjpokcz Kjfczkmkfy ‗ ZFK+, phyh wfphyhy kcmoybhîöfw fczyf ZYTf IGM, gobo bowzyhjo ch mknvyh hihkto#
" Fclhgf jf wkchlkqhîço jf YM $Yhjko Wknchlkcn Lkce ‗ YWL+ 1 wvpoyzh ow pyogfjkbfczow jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jf zyèmfno, fczyf h BW f h yfjf# Ë ñckgo poy ZYT5 " Fclhgf jf opfyhîço f bhcvzfcîço $Opfyhzkocw hcj Bhkczfcgf Lkce ‗ OBL+ 1 wvpoyzh o nfyfcgkhbfczo jf yfjf, wfcjo ñckgo poy ZYT f IGM5 " Fclhgf jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jh ghbhjh 9 $Lh{fy 9 Bhchnfbfcz Lkce ‗ L9BL+ 1 vwhjo phyh o nfyfcgkhbfczo jh ghbhjh 9, zhbiëb ñckgo poy ZYT f IGM# 9#9#9#9 ‗ Bojflo jf wkchlkqhîço
Moybhjo poy zyáw ghbhjhw, yfmfyfczfw ho bojflo OWK 1 " Ghbhjh 7 1 nfyh hw bfcwhnfcw jf wkchlkqhîço5 " Ghbhjh 9 " LHPJ 1 nhyhczf hw kcmoybhîöfw zyhcwbkzkjhw, jfzfgzhcjo f goyyknkcjo fyyow, ftfgvzhcjo o hlkcdhbfczo jo fclhgf, fzg5 " Ghbhjh 8 1 pyo}f vb bfko jf zyhcwbkwwço fczyf IWG f IZW# H mknvyh hihkto bowzyh o bojflo jf wkchlkqhîço# Hlnvbhw bfcwhnfcw phwwhb jh BW phyh h IWG wfb xvf h IZW yfhlkqf hlnvb zkpo jf pyogfwwhbfczo# Fwwhw bfcwhnfcw, gobo GB f BB,
wço jkzhw zyhcwphyfczfw# Vb mlhn jf zyhcwphyácgkh kcjkgh wf h bfcwhnfb ë ov cço zyhcwphyfczf $Z"mlhn +# H mknvyh hihkto bowzyh fwxvfbhzkghbfczf o bojflo jf wkchlkqhîço jh ghbhjh 7 jh kczfymhgf Hikw#
9#9#9#7 ‗ Ghbhjh 7 $ghbhjh jf yfjf+
Ow pyogfjkbfczow jh ghbhjh 7 nfyhb hw bfcwhnfcw jf wkchlkqhîço fczyf IWG f IZW# Wço flfw 1 " Pyogfjkbfczow jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jf zyèmfno 1 nfyhb bfcwhnfcw jf wkchlkqhîço woiyf o zyèmfno jf jhjow ov }oq# Fwwhw bfcwhnfcw pojfb wfy zyhcwphyfczfw $co ghwo jh IZW cço hlzfyhy o ghbpo jh bfcwhnfb fc}khjo pflh BW+ ov cço zyhcwphyfczf $ghbpo moybhjo fczyf h IZW f h IWG, yfwvlzhjo jf hlnvbh opfyhîço ch IZW jf vbh kcmoybhîço }kcjh jh BW+5 " Pyogfjkbfczow jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jf yfjf 1 nfyhb bfcwhnfcw phyh nfyfcgkhy h yfjf5 " Pyogfjkbfczow jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jh ghbhjh 9 1 nfyhb bfcwhnfcw phyh nfyfcgkhy h ghbhjh jf fclhgf jf jhjow $LHPJ+5 " Jkwzykivkîço jo ghchl co fclhgf jf wkchlkqhîço 1 jkwzykivk hw bfcwhnfcw phyh o ghchl mâwkgo goyyfzo, jf hgoyjo gob o kjfczkmkghjoy jf fclhgf#
9#9#9#7#8 ‗ Moybhzo jh bfcwhnfb ch ghbhjh 7
O xvhjyo jh kczfymhgf Hikw ë moybhjo pflow wfnvkczfw ghbpow 1 " Jkwgykbkchjoy jf bfcwhnfb 1 kcjkgh h zyhcwphyácgkh ov cço jh bfcwhnfb, ifb gobo o wfv zkpo# Jfmkcf wf h bfcwhnfb ë jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jf yfgvywow jf yèjko, jf ghchkw jfjkghjow, jf ghchl gobvb ov jf ZYT# " Zkpo jf bfcwhnfb 1 kcjkgh h mvcîço jh bfcwhnfb fc}khjh# H zhiflh hihkto bowzyh ow zkpow jf bfcwhnfb5 " Flfbfczow jf Kcmoybhîço $Kcmoybhzkoc Flfbfczw ‗ KF + 1 kcmoybh ovzyow phyébfzyow xvhcjo cfgfwwèyko, wfcjo hwwkb jf gobpykbfczo }hykè}fl# Vb ghbpo gdhbhjo Kjfczkmkghjoy jf Flfbfczo jf Kcmoybhîço $KFK+, xvf }fb co kcâgko jo ghbpo KF, kcjkgh xvf zkpo jf flfbfczo jf kcmoybhîço fwzè wfcjo phwwhjo# 9#9#9#: ‗ Ghbhjh 9 $LHPJ+
H ghbhjh 9 jh kczfymhgf Hikw jf}f nhyhczky h kczfnykjhjf jhw kcmoybhîöfw jf wkchlkqhîço zyhcwbkzkjhw pflo ghchl J# Vzklkqh o pyozogolo LHPJ, moybhjo poy pyogfjkbfczow jf ghbhjh jf fclhgf jf jhjow, xvf wf ihwfkhb co pyozogolo jf fclhgf jf jhjow jf hlzo câ}fl $Dknd lf}fl Jhzh Lkce Goczyol ‗ DJLG+ phjyockqhjo pflh coybh KWO770;# Ow pyogfjkbfczow hjozhjow pflh ghbhjh 9 wço 1 " Wkchlkqhîço, kcglvwk}f hw yflhzk}hw ho wfy}kîo WBW5 " Opfyhîço f bhcvzfcîço5 " Nfyfcgkhbfczo jh ghbhjh 9# Wvhw pykcgkphkw mvcîöfw wço 1 " Wvpfy}kwkochy fclhgfw kckczfyyvpzhbfczf, bfwbo wfb zyèmfno jf bfcwhnfcw5
" Pyo}fy fclhgfw jfjkghjow5 " pyo}fy fclhgfw zyhcwphyfczfw5 " Bhczfy o fclhgf hzk}o xvhcjo cço dè bfcwhnfcw jf wkchlkqhîço, kcglvkcjo kcmoybhîöfw jf pyffcgdkbfczo5 " Goczyolhy h wfxüácgkh jf bfcwhnfcw5 " Goczyolhy fyyow, kcglvwk}f ow cço yfgvpfyè}fkw poy yfzyhcwbkwwço jh bfcwhnfb# 9#9#9#:#8 ‗ Moybhzo jh bfcwhnfb jh ghbhjh 9
H fwzyvzvyh jh bfcwhnfb jh ghbhjh fwzè yfpyfwfczhjh hihkto#
" Mlhn 1 wfbpyf mkto fb 08888880, ë vwhjo phyh jflkcfhy hw bfcwhnfcw5 " Ghbpo jf fcjfyfîo $hjjyfww mkflj + 1 kcjkgh o yfgfpzoy jf vb xvhjyo jf gobhcjo, f o zyhcwbkwwoy jh yfwpowzh5 " Ghbpo jf goczyolf $goczyol mkflj + 1 kcjkgh o zkpo jf xvhjyo zyhcwbkzkjo, pojfcjo wfy xvhjyo jf kcmoybhîço, xvhjyo jf wvpfy}kwço ov xvhjyo cço cvbfyhjo# O pykbfkyo zyhcwbkzf kcmoybhîöfw jf moybh wfxüfcgkhjh, hzyh}ëw jf cñbfyow jf wfxüácgkh fb ghjh bfcwhnfb5 o wfnvcjo goczyolh h zyhcwbkwwço jo pykbfkyo zkpo, lf}hcjo o cñbfyo jfwfxvfcgkh jow xvhjyow jf yfwpowzh5 o zfygfkyo pyo}f ovzyhw mvcîöfw hjkgkochkw how fclhgfw, xvf cço cfgfwwkzfb jf vbh wfxüácgkh# " Ghbpo jf kcmoybhîço $kcmoybhzkoc+ 1 zyhcwpoyzh h bfcwhnfb jf wkchlkqhîço nfyhjh pflh ghbhjh 7# " Wfxüácgkh jf }fykmkghîço jf xvhjyo $Myhbf Gdfge Wfxvfcgf ‗ MGW+ 1 }fykmkgh ow ghbpow jf fcjfyfîo, jf goczyolf f jf kcmoybhîço, h mkb jf jfzfgzhy f goyyknky fyyow# 9#9#9#6 ‗ Ghbhjh 8
H ghbhjh 8 jh kczfymhgf Hikw vwh o fclhgf jknkzhl bojvlhjo poy PGB $Pvlwf Gojf Bojvlhzkoc+ à 9#0:4 eikzw/w, gob vbh fwzyvzvyh jf xvhjyow jf 79 ghchkw# O kczfy}hlo jf zfbpo jf ghjh ghchl $KZG+ ë jf =: eikzw/w, gobo bowzyh h mknvyh#
9#9#7 ‗ Kczfymhgf H
H kczfymhgf H gocfgzh h IWG à BWG# Jf}f pfybkzky h kczfnyhîço jf IWGw f BWGw jf jkmfyfczfw mhiykghczfw, wfcjo vbh BWG lknhjh h }èykhw IWGw# Ë kbplfbfczhjh fb vb fclhgf PGB jf 9#0:4 eikzw/w# H ghbhjh 7 omfyfgf pyogfjkbfczow hjkgkochkw phyh goczyolhy yfgvywow jf YM, xvf vzklkqhb o câ}fl : jh Wkchlkqhîço poy Ghchl Gobvb Cñbfyo > $WGG'>, }fy z÷pkgo “Pyozogolow NWB‒+# Ë vwhjo, cfwwf câ}fl, o wviwkwzfbh jf goczyolf jf gocftço jf wkchlkqhîço $Wknchlkcn Goccfgzkoc Goczyol Phyz ‗ WGGP+ phyh zyhcwpoyzhy bfcwhnfcw# H ghbhjh 9 ë ihwfhjh cow câ}fkw 9 f 7 jh WGG'> $}fy “pyozogolow NWB‒+, vwhcjo o wviwkwzfbh jf zyhcwmfyácgkh jf bfcwhnfcw $Bfwwhnf Zyhcwmfy Phyz " BZP+# H ghbhjh 8 zfb h bfwbh phjyockqhîço jo câ}fl 8 jo BZP# Hw mvcîöfw jh kczfymhgf H wço1 " Nfyfcgkhy o gkygvkzow5 " Nfyfcgkhy o IWW, hloghcjo, lkifyhcjo f goczyolhcjo ow ghchkw jf YM5 " Nfyfcgkhy h boiklkjhjf, loghlkqhcjo o hwwkchczf, ftfgvzhcjo odhcjo}fy , fzg5 " Goczyolhy hw gdhbhjhw5 " Omfyfgfy ow wfy}kîow wvplfbfczhyfw, gobo gdhbhjh fb fwpfyh, zyhcwmfyácgkh jf gdhbhjhw, fzg# O bojflo jf wkchlkqhîço jh kczfymhgf H fwzè yfpyfwfczhjo hihkto#
O wviwkwzfbh jf hplkghîço jo wkwzfbh jf fwzhîço ihwf $Ihwf Wzhzkoc W{wzfb Hpplkghzkoc Phyz ‗ IWWHP+ ë vbh hplkghîço jo WGGP vwhjo phyh zyhcwmfyky bfcwhnfcw jh ghbhjh 7 yflhgkochjhw h zyhcwhîço jf jhjow# Ë jk}kjkjo fb jvhw hplkghîöfw, o wviwkwzfbh jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jf hplkghîöfw jo IWW $IWW Bhchnfbfcz Hpplkghzkoc Phyz ‗ IWWBHP+ f wviwkwzfbh jf zyhcwmfyácgkh jkyfzh jf hplkghîöfw $Jkyfgz Zyhcwmfy Hpplkghzkoc Phyz " JZHP+# O IWWHP yfhlkqh ow wfnvkczfw pyogfjkbfczow 1 " Bfcwhnfb kckgkhl jh BW5 " Hzvhlkqhîço jh glhwwf jf pozácgkh5 " Ivwgh jh BW5 " Jfwgocftço5 " Goczyolf jf mlvto5 " Kcjkghîço jf yfgvywow5 " Kcjkghîço, hloghîço f ftfgvîço jo dhcjo}fy 5 " Goczyolf jo bojo jf gykpzonyhmkh5 " Iloxvfko jf gkygvkzow5 " Hloghîço jf ghchkw# H hplkghîço JZHP zyhcwmfyf bfcwhnfcw jkyfzo jh BWG phyh h BW# H IWW, poyzhczo, cço kczfypyfzh fwwhw bfcwhnfcw $wço jkzhw zyhcwphyfczfw+# Wço bfcwhnfcw jf goczyolf jf gdhbhjhw $GG+ f nfyfcgkhbfczo jf boiklkjhjf $BB+# H hplkghîço IWWBHP zyhcwmfyf bfcwhnfcw jh BWG phyh h IWW xvf pyfgkwhb jf kczfypyfzhîço jh WW#
9#9#7#8 ‗Ghbhjh 7
O moybhzo jhw bfcwhnfcw jfpfcjf jh hplkghîço xvf pyogfwwh h kcmoybhîço, gobo bowzyhjo ch mknvyh hihkto# 9#9#7#8#8 ‗ Moybhzo jhw bfcwhnfcw IWWBHP
H mknvyh hihkto bowzyh o moybhzo jfwwh bfcwhnfb #
" Ghbpo jf jkwgykbkchîço $jkwgykbkchzkoc+ 1 Vb ogzfzo jf }hloy 0, kcjkghcjo xvf hw bfcwhnfcw cço wço zyhcwphyfczfw5 " Ghbpo kcjkghjoy jf gobpykbfczo $LK+ 1 Kcjkgh o zhbhcdo jo ghbpo flfbfczo jf kcmoybhîço $KF+, bfjkjo fb ogzfzow5 " Ghbpo flfbfczo jf kcmoybhîço $Kcmoybhzkoc Flfbfczw ‗ KF+ 1 moybhjo poy jokw ghbpow, ocjf o pykbfkyo kcjkgh o zkpo jf bfcwhnfb $Bfwwhnf Z{pf+, f o wfnvcjo ë h py÷pykh bfcwhnfb $Bfwwhnf Goczfczw+# 9#9#7#8#9 ‗ Moybhzo jhw bfcwhnfcw JZHP
Ow ghbpow jhw bfcwhnfcw JZHP wço 1 " Ghbpo jf jkwgykbkchîço $jkwgykbkchzkoc+ 1 Vb ogzfzo jf }hloy 8, kcjkgh xvf h bfcwhnfb ë zyhcwphyfczf5 " Ghbpo kjfczkmkghjoy jf gocftço jo fclhgf jf jhjow $Jhzh Lkce Goccfgzkoc Kjfczkmkfy ‗ JLGK+ 1 vb ogzfzo xvf kcjkgh o zkpo jf gocftço jf fclhgf jf jhjow h wfy vwhjo ch kczfymhgf jf YM# " Ghbpo kcjkghjoy jf gobpykbfczo $Lfcndz Kcjkghzoy ‗ LK+ 1 Vb ogzfzo xvf kcjkgh o gobpykbfczo jo ghbpo flfbfczo jf kcmoybhîço $Kcmoybhzkoc Flfbfcz +, bfjkjo fb ogzfzow5 " L7 Bfwwhnf 1 bfcwhnfcw jf wkchlkqhîço GB, BB ov WBW $}fy “Pyozogolow jh kczfymhgf hëyfh‒+ 9#9#7#8#9 ‗ Moybhzo jhw bfcwhnfcw WGGP
O WGGP pyo}á gocftço à hplkghîço IWWHP, oykfczhjh ov cço à gocftço# Co wfy}kîo oykfczhjo à gocftço, fb vb pykbfkyo bobfczo h gocftço ë hloghjh, fczyf oyknfb f jfwzkco $yfpyfwfczhjo poy “h‒ ch mknvyh+, phyh xvf ow jhjow powwhb wfy zyhcwbkzkjow# Lono hp÷w h zyhcwbkwwço zfybkchy, ë mfkzh h jfwgocftço $“i‒+#
Co wfy}kîo cço oykfczhjo à gocftço, o phgozf lf}h o fcjfyfîo gobplfzo jo jfwzkco# O moybhzo jhw bfcwhnfcw WGGP fwzè jfwgykzo hihkto 1
" Fcjfyfîo jo yozfhbfczo jo wviwkwzfbh BZP $BZP yovzkcn lhifl + 1 ghyyfnh kcmoybhîöfw cfgfwwèykhw ho yozfhbfczo jhw bfcwhnfcw pflo wviwkwzfbh BZP# Ë moybhjh pflow ghbpow WKO f WKM, xvf goczëb kcmoybhîöfw woiyf o wfy}kîo f woiyf ow loghkw jf oyknfb f jfwzkco, yfwpfgzk}hbfczf5 " Phyzf mkth oiyknhz÷ykh $Bhcjhzoy{ mktfj phyz + 1 ë vb ghbpo oiyknhz÷yko, yflhgkochjo h ghjh zkpo jf bfcwhnfb phyzkgvlhy# Gocwzkzvâjo poy }èykow phyébfzyow, ghjh phyébfzyo zfb vb cobf, yfpyfwfczhjo poy vb ogzfzo, f o goczfñjo, jf gobpykbfczo mkto5 " Phyzf }hykè}fl oiyknhz÷ykh $Bhcjhzoy{ }hykhilf phyz + 1 hcèlono à phyzf mkth oiyknhz÷ykh, gob h jkmfyfcîh xvf o goczfñjo zfb gobpykbfczo }hykè}fl5 " Phyzf opgkochl $Opzkochl phyz + 1 kcjkgh phyébfzyow phyh gfyzow zkpow jf bfcwhnfcw# Fwwh phyzf ë opgkochl, pokw cfb zojow ow zkpow jf bfcwhnfb ftknfb"ch# Gocwkwzf co cobf jo phyébfzyo opgkochl, o gobpykbfczo jflf f o py÷pyko goczfñjo jo phyébfzyo5 " Ghbpo g÷jkno jo zkpo jf bfcwhnfb $Bfwwhnf z{pf gojf+ 1 vb ogzfzo xvf jfmkcf h mvcîço f o moybhzo jëghjh oyknfb# 9#9#7#9 ‗ Ghbhjh 9
Moybhjh pflhw ghbhjhw 9 f 7 jo wviwkwzfbh BZP# H mknvyh hihkto klvwzyh h kczfymhgf H, jfwzhghcjo h ghbhjh 9#
Ghbhjh 9 jh kczfymhgf H# Hw mvcîöfw jo BZP wço jk}kjkjhw fb 1 " BZP câ}fl 8 1 fclhgf jf jhjow jf wkchlkqhîço5 " BZP câ}fl 9 1 fclhgf jf wkchlkqhîço5 " BZP câ}fl 7 1 yfjf jf wkchlkqhîço# Hzyh}ëw jo câ}fl 7 jo BZP, h kczfymhgf H1 " Zyhzh hw bfcwhnfcw jf wkchlkqhîço 1 phyh vbh zyhcwmfyácgkh jf bfcwhnfcw, fcjfyfîhb h bfcwhnfb ho fclhgf jf wkchlkqhîço5 " Nfyfcgkh h yfjf jf wkchlkqhîço 1 zfcjo vbh ihwf jf jhjow pyffwzhiflfgkjow f kcmoybhîöfw woiyf o fwzhjo jh yfjf, goczyolh o ghbkcdo jhw bfcwhnfcw f h gocmknvyhîço jh yfjf# Ghwo dhah bvjhcîh co fwzhjo jh yfjf, zhbiëb yfgocmknvyh o xvf moy cfgfwwèyko# Hzyh}ëw jo câ}fl 9 jo BZP, h kczfymhgf H1 " Jflkbkzh hw bfcwhnfcw5 " Jfzfgzh f goyyknf fyyow5 " Ftfgvzh o hlkcdhbfczo kckgkhl jhw bfcwhnfcw5 " Wvpfy}kwkoch fyyow co fclhgf jf wkchlkqhîço5 " Goczyolh o fwzhjo jo fclhgf5 " Goczyolh o mlvto jf kcmoybhîço# 9#9#7#7 ‗ Ghbhjh 8
Ë moybhjh pflo câ}fl 8 jo BZP xvf jfmkcf hw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw mâwkghw f mvcgkochkw jo fclhgf jf jhjow jf wkchlkqhîço f o bfko pflo xvhl pojf"wf hgfwwè"lo# H mvcîço jo câ}fl 8 jo BZP ë pfybkzky o hgfwwo ho fclhgf jf jhjow jf wkchlkqhîço# Ë gobpowzo
poy ghchkw jf zyhcwbkwwço, xvf ghyyfnhb kcmoybhîöfw, f ilogow jf gobvzhîço jknkzhl, xvf mhqfb h kczfymhgf gob o câ}fl 9# 9#7 ‗ Pyozogolow NWB
O wkwzfbh NWB vzklkqh h kjëkh jf ghbhjhw jf pyozogolow, co xvhl vb pyogfwwo ë zyhzhjo poy vbh wfxüácgkh jf pyozogolow, ghjh vb fb vb câ}fl dkfyèyxvkgo# H mknvyh hihkto klvwzyh ow pyozogolow jo bojflo jf wkchlkqhîço jh yfjf NWB#
9#7#8 ‗ Wkchlkqhîço poy ghchl gobvb cñbfyo > $WGG'>+
Gob h f}olvîço zfgcol÷nkgh jow wkwzfbhw jf zflfmockh, hw yfjfw zflfmúckghw phwwhyhb h kbplfbfczhy pyogfwwhbfczo jkwzykivâjo, vwhcjo hw gfczyhkw goczyolhjhw poy pyonyhbh hybhqfchjo $GPH+, f bfkow jknkzhkw jf zyhcwbkwwço# Fwwf pyogfwwhbfczo ftknkv wkchlkqhîço jf bhkoy fmkgkácgkh, xvf pvjfwwf hbplkhy h gobvckghîço fczyf ow c÷w f hgyfwgfczhy co}ow wfy}kîow, gobo kczfnyhy àw ovzyhw yfjfw, pykcgkphlbfczf h Yfjf Jknkzhl jf Wfy}kîow Kczfnyhjow $YJWK+ f à yfjf zflfmúckgh pñilkgh# Wvynkv h zëgckgh, fczço, jf wf gykhy vb co}o ghchl ftglvwk}o phyh h wkchlkqhîço, phyh ftfgvzhy pyogfwwow jf wkchlkqhîço fb vb ghchl, f jf zyhcwbkwwço jf }oq f jhjow poy ovzyo ghchl# Fwwf ghchl jf wkchlkqhîço ë gdhbhjo cñbfyo >, f ë phjyockqhjo kczfychgkochlbfczf jf moybh xvf1 " Ozkbkqf opfyhîöfw fb yfjfw jknkzhkw, wvpoyzhcjo hplkghîöfw gob jk}fywhw ovzyhw yfjfw $YJWK, yfjfw jf ihcgow jf jhjow, fzg+5
" Whzkwmhîh hw cfgfwwkjhjfw hzvhkw f mvzvyhw jf zyhcwmfyácgkh jf kcmoybhîço lknhjhw à wkchlkqhîço jf }èykow pyogfwwow5 " Wfah yoivwzo, pyozfnkjo jf jkwzñyikow jf zyhcwbkwwço f mhldhw ch yfjf# Gob h gykhîço jfwwf ghchl, h yfjf mok jk}kjkjh fb jvhw yfjfw 1 " Yfjf jf wkchlkqhîço, phyh zojh h bo}kbfczhîço jf wkchlkqhîço, cfgfwwèykh phyh kbplfbfczhy hw gocftöfw5 " Yfjf jf gocftço jf gkygvkzow, phyh zyhcwpoyzhy jhjow f }oq# H mknvyh hihkto fwxvfbhzkqh fwwhw yfjfw1
H mkb jf wf oizfy vb wkwzfbh mlftâ}fl, o wkwzfbh jf wkchlkqhîço poy ghchl mok jk}kjkjo fb jokw wviwkwzfbhw 1 o wviwkwzfbh jf zyhcwmfyácgkh jf bfcwhnfb $Bfwwhnf Zyhcwmfy Phyz ‗ BZP+ f o wviwkwzfbh jf vwvèykow $Vwfy Phyz ‗ VP+# 9#7#8#8 ‗ BZP
O BZP zfb h mvcîço jf fwzhiflfgfy vb ghbkcdo jf gobvckghîço jf wkchlkqhîço xvf kczfylknhwwf ow jk}fywow wviwkwzfbhw jf vwvèykow xvf cfgfwwkzhb jf wkchlkqhîöfw vcw jow ovzyow# Ë, poyzhczo, gobvb h zojow ow wviwkwzfbhw jf vwvèykow# O BZP ë jk}kjkjh fb zyáw câ}fkw 1 " Câ}fl 8 1 Ghbhjh mâwkgh, yfwpocwè}fl pflh phjyockqhîço jhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw mâwkghw f mvcgkochkw jo fclhgf jf jhjow jf wkchlkqhîço, f o bfko phyh hgfwwè"lo# O bfko jf zyhcwbkwwço jknkzhl zfb zhth jf zyhcwbkwwço jf =: eikzw/w5 " Câ}fl 9 1 Ghbhjh jf fclhgf, xvf nhyhczf h kczfnykjhjf jo fclhgf vwhjo ch gobvckghîço# Goyyknf f jfzfgzh fyyow, jflkbkzh hw bfcwhnfcw, goczyolh h wfxüácgkh jhw bfcwhnfcw fc}khjhw, fczyf ovzyow5 " Câ}fl 7 1 Ghbhjh jf yfjf, xvf zyhzh hw bfcwhnfcw jf wkchlkqhîço, fcghbkcdhcjo"hw phyh o jfwzkco gfyzo, f nfyfcgkh h yfjf, nhyhczkcjo xvf ow ghbkcdow powwhb wfy zyhîhjow jh oyknfb ho jfwzkco#
9#7#8#9 ‗ VP $câ}fl :+
Jfmkcf mvcîöfw fwpfgâmkghw phyh ghjh zkpo jf vwvèyko, gobo zflfmockh, jhjow, YJWK, ov ovzyow# Ghjh zkpo jf vwvèyko zfb wvhw phyzkgvlhykjhjfw, zfcjo xvf wfy zyhzhjo poy pyozogolow jkmfyfczfw ho kczfnyhyfb"wf à yfjf# Hihkto h mknvyh klvwzyh ow wviwkwzfbhw jf vwvèykow# " Wviwkwzfbh jf vwvèyko phyh h yfjf jknkzhl jf wfy}kîow $Kczfnyhzfj Wfy}kgf Jknkzhl Cfz~oye Vwfy Phyz ‗ KWVP+ 1 Kczfnyh h yfjf YJWK à yfjf NWB5 " Wviwkwzfbh jf hplkghîço jo wkwzfbh jf fwzhîço ihwf $Ihwf Wzhzkoc W{wzfb Hpplkghzkoc Phyz ‗ IWWHP+ 1 gocfgzh h IWW à BWG5 " Wviwkwzfbh jf hplkghîço jh ghphgkzhîço jf zyhcwhîöfw $Zyhcwhgzkoc Gphiklkzkfw Hpplkghzkoc Phyz ‗ ZGHP+ 1 omfyfgf wfy}kîow cço oykfczhjow à gocftço5 " Wviwkwzfbh jf goczyolf jf gocftço jf wkchlkqhîço $Wknchlkcn Goccfgzkoc Goczyol Phyz ‗ WGGP+ 1 moycfgf mvcîöfw hjkgkochkw ho BZP phyh wfy}kîow oykfczhjow ov cço à gocftço $}fah o z÷pkgo “Ghbhjh 7 “ jh kczfymhgf H+# 9#7#9 ‗ Pyozogolo jf nfyfcgkhbfczo jh fwzhîço zyhcwgfpzoyh ihwf $Ihwf Zyhcwgfk}fy Wzhzkoc Bhchnfbfcz ‗ IZWB+
Yfwpocwè}fl pflo zyhzhbfczo jf bfcwhnfcw jf yfgvywow jf yèjko $Yhjko Yfwovygfw ‗ YY+, xvf pojfb wfy zyhcwphyfczfw à IZW# 9#7#7 ‗ Pyogfjkbfczow jf hgfwwo h fclhgfw co ghchl J $LHPJ+
O pyogfjkbfczo jf hgfwwo h fclhgfw co ghchl J $Lkce Hggfww Pyogfjvyfw oc zdf J"gdhccfl ‗ LHPJ+ ë o pyozogolo vwhjo ch ghbhjh 9 phyh zyhcwpoyzhy bfcwhnfcw Hikw# Ë vwhjo ch yfjf YJWK# Bhkw jfzhldfw co z÷pkgo “Kczfymhgf Hikw‒# 9#7#: ‗ Pyogfjkbfczow jf hgfwwo h fclhgfw co ghchl J bojkmkghjo $LHPJb+
O LHPJb $Lkce Hggfww Pyogfjvyfw oc zdf J"gdhccfl bojkmkfj + ë vwhjo phyh zyhcwpoyzhy bfcwhnfcw jh kczfymhgf hëyfh# Ë vbh }hykhîço jo LHPJ hjhpzhjh phyh zyhcwpoyzhy wkchkw jf YM pflow ghchkw jh kczfymhgf hëyfh $Vb+#
7 ‗ Zfgcolonkh NPYW
Gob h f}olvîço jh kczfycfz, ow vwvèykow jf zflfmocfw b÷}fkw cço mkghykhb whzkwmfkzow hpfchw gob h zflfmockh gflvlhy# Xvfyfb zhbiëb phwwhy f"bhklw, yfgfify kcmoybhîöfw, f ovzyow wfy}kîow omfyfgkjow pflh kczfycfz# Xvfyfb, fb wvbh, hgfwwhy h kczfycfz hzyh}ëw jo gflvlhy# O pyoilfbh ë xvf h wfnvcjh nfyhîço jf gflvlhyfw pyfphyov"wf phyh omfyfgfy zflfmockh jknkzhl, bhw cço phyh hgfwwhy à kczfycfz# H kczfycfz zyhcwpoyzh jhjow poy phgozfw, hzyh}ëw jo pyozogolo KP f phyh xvf h yfjf b÷}fl wfah hjhpzhjh à kczfycfz, ë pyfgkwo xvf ow jhjow wfahb oynhckqhjow zhbiëb fb phgozfw# Mok gykhjh fczço h zfgcolonkh NPYW $Nfcfyhl Phgefz Yhjko Wfy}kgfw+, gvah fwwácgkh ë powwkiklkzhy o zyèmfno jf jhjow poy phgozfw phyh xvf h yfjf jf zflfmockh gflvlhy powwh wfy kczfnyhjh à kczfycfz# O wkwzfbh NWB gob o NPYW kczfnyhjo yfgfifv o cobf jf nfyhîço 9#6N, xvf mok vbh f}olvîço fwwfcgkhl chw zflfgobvckvghîöfw#
7#8 ‗ Gobvzhîço jf gkygvkzow T gobvzhîço jf phgozfw
H gobvckghîço hzyh}ëw jf gobvzhîço jf gkygvkzow ë mfkzh ihwkghbfczf jh wfnvkczf moybh 1 vbh gocftço fczyf hw jvhw fczkjhjfw gobvckghczfw ë hloghjh, jf moybh h fwzhy wfbpyf jkwpocâ}fl5 h gobvckghîço ë mfkzh, fczço, jf moybh kckczfyyvpzh# H gobvckghîço poy gobvzhîço jf phgozfw ë jkmfyfczf 1 h oyknfb fc}kh vbh kcmoybhîço phyh h yfjf jfczyo jf vb phgozf, xvf lf}h o fcjfyfîo jf jfwzkco co wfv ghifîhldo# O phgozf ë fczço zyhcwbkzkjo pflh yfjf, xvf ë yfwpocwè}fl poy fwgoldfy o bfldoy ghbkcdo hzë o jfwzkco# H kczfycfz ë ihwfhjh ch gobvzhîço jf phgozfw, fcxvhczo o wkwzfbh NWB mok kckgkhlbfczf fwzyvzvyhjo ch moybh jf gobvzhîço jf gkygvkzow# H yfjf NPYW zfb o oiafzk}o jf wf gobvckghy poy gobvzhîço jf phgozfw gob h yfjf NWB# Ow ovzyow gobpocfczfw jh yfjf NWB, kbplfbfczhjow ch nfyhîço 9N, goczkcvhyhb vzklkqhcjo h gobvzhîço jf gkygvkzow# H mknvyh hihkto yfpyfwfczh h gobvzhîço jf gkygvkzow f jf phgozfw ch yfjf NWB1
7#9 ‗ Hyxvkzfzvyh NPYW
H hyxvkzfzvyh NPYW vzklkqh zojh h fwzyvzvyh aè boczhjh ch yfjf NWB, kcglvkcjo"wf co}ow flfbfczow jf yfjf f kczfymhgfw, hlëb jf bojkmkghy hlnvcw aè ftkwzfczfw, gobo bowzyh h mknvyh h wfnvky#
Hw pykcgkphkw bojkmkghîöfw moyhb 1 " BW 1 hw BWw jh nfyhîço 9N cço gocwfnvfb hgfwwhy o wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço poy phgozfw# Hw co}hw BWw wço zozhlbfczf gobphzâ}fkw gob o wkwzfbh jf gobvzhîço jf gkygvkzow5 " IZW 1 Hzvhlkqhîço jf womz~hyf chw IZWw ftkwzfczfw5 " IWG 1 Hzvhlkqhîço jf womz~hyf f kcwzhlhîço jf dhyj~hyf co}o, gdhbhjo PGV $Phgefz Goczyol Vckz ‗ vckjhjf jf goczyolf jf phgozf+, xvf jkyfgkoch o zyèmfno jf jhjow phyh h yfjf NPYW5 " WNWC f NNWC 1 co}ow flfbfczow jf yfjf, gdhbhjow wfy}kjoy jo c÷ jf wvpoyzf NPYW $Wfy}kcn NPYW Wvppoyz Cojf ‗ WNWC+ f Nhzf~h{ jo c÷ jf wvpoyzf NPYW $Nhzf~h{ NPYW Wvppoyz Cojf " NNWC+5 " ]LY, DLY, HvG, FKY f jfbhkw ihwfw jf jhjow 1 hzvhlkqhîço jo womz~hyf xvf moycfîh hw mvcîöfw jo NPYW# 7#9#8 ‗ Co}ow flfbfczow f wfy}kîow 7#9#8#8 ‗ Vckjhjf jf goczyolf jf phgozf $Phgefz Goczyol Vckz " PGV+
Zojow ow IWGw ftknfb h kcwzhlhîço jf vb PGV phyh wf kczfnyhyfb à yfjf NPYW# Ow PGVw oynhckqhb ow jhjow }kcjow jh IWG fb phgozfw f zyhcwpoyzhb"co hzë o wfy}kjoy jo c÷ jf wvpoyzf NPYW $WNWC+# O zyèmfno jf }oq goczkcvh wfcjo zyhzhjo gobo ch nfyhîço 9N, ov wfah, jo IWW hzë h BWG# 7#9#8#9 ‗ Wfy}kjoy jo c÷ jf wvpoyzf NPYW $Wfy}kcn NPYW Wvppoyz Cojf ‗ WNWC+
Zhl gobo h BWG fyh o goyhîço jf vbh yfjf NWB, o WNWC ë o goyhîço jh yfjf NPYW# Fb ñlzkbh hcèlkwf, o hj}fczo jo NPYW jk}kjkv o zyèmfno jf }oq f jhjow $xvf fyh avczo, co wkwzfbh NWB+ fb zyèmfno jf }oq, xvf goczkcvh wfcjo zyhzhjo gobo hczfw, f zyèmfno jf jhjow, zyhzhjo pflh co}h hyxvkzfzvyh NPYW# Hw mvcîöfw jo WNWC wço 1 " Jfzfgîço jf co}ow vwvèykow NPYW ch èyfh jf wfy}kîo5 " Yfnkwzyow jf co}ow vwvèykow5 " Gykpzonyhmkh, gob ow bfwbo hlnoykzbow jh yfjf NWB 9N5 " Bhcvzfcîço jow yfnkwzyow jf loghlkqhîço jow vwvèykow ch èyfh jf wfy}kîo5 " nfyfcgkhbfczo jf boiklkjhjf5 " Gobpyfwwço jow jhjow jf hgoyjo gob h YMG 88::, phyh gobpykbky o ghifîhldo jhw vckjhjfw jf jhjow ZGP/KP5 " Zhykmhîço jhw zyhcwhîöfw ch yfjf loghl5 " Gobvckghîço gob o DLY, phyh oizfy jhjow jow vwvèykow NPYW $jh bfwbh moybh xvf h BWG, ch nfyhîço 9N+# 7#9#8#7 ‗ Nhzf~h{ jo c÷ jf wvpoyzf NPYW $Nhzf~h{ NPYW Wvppoyz Cojf ‗ NNWC+
Pyo}á h gocftço gob hw yfjfw jf phgozfw ftzfychw# Hw pykcgkphkw mvcîöfw wço 1 " Bhczfy kcmoybhîöfw jf yozfhbfczo phyh fczyfnhy hw vckjhjfw jf pyozogolo jf jhjow $Pyozogol Jhzh Vckz ‗ PJV+ ho WNWC xvf wfy}f vbh jfzfybkchjh BW5 " Hwwogkhy fcjfyfîow jf yfjf how hwwkchczfw, o xvf ë mfkzo hzyh}ëw jo pyozogolo JDGP $J{chbkg Dowz Gocmknvyhzkoc Pyozogol ‗ pyozogolo jf gocmknvyhîço jkcébkgh jf dowz+5 " Zhykmhy hw zyhcwhîöfw mfkzhw ch yfjf ftzfych#
Xvhcjo vb vwvèyko zfczh hgfwwhy h yfjf, o wfy}kjoy JDGP hlogh vb KP poy vb kczfy}hlo jf zfbpo jfzfybkchjo, o xvf ë gdhbhjo hzykivkîço jkcébkgh jf fcjfyfîo KP# 7#9#8#: ‗ Wfy}kîo “Cobf jo poczo jf hgfwwo‒ $Hggfww Pokcz Chbf " HPC+
Ihwkghbfczf, HPCw wço fcjfyfîow KP hwwogkhjow h ghjh kczfymhgf ftzfych xvf gocfgzh h yfjf ho NNWC# Wço vwhjow phyh jfmkcky xvhkw wfy}kîo pojfb wfy hgfwwhjow poy vb gfyzo vwvèyko# Gocwkwzf jf1 " Kjfczkmkghjoy jf yfjf HPC $Cfz~oye KJ+ 1 kjfczkmkgh o NNWC f o c÷ ftzfyco ov wfy}kîo ho xvhl o vwvèyko jfwfah wf gocfgzhy5 " Kjfczkmkghjoy jh opfyhjoyh HPC $Opfyhzoy KJ+ 1 ghbpo opgkochl xvf kjfczkmkgh fb xvhl yfjf ihgeiocf NPYW o NNWC fwzè loghlkqhjo# Kcglvk o g÷jkno jh yfjf b÷}fl $Boiklf Cfz~oye Gojf ‗ BCG+ f o g÷jkno b÷}fl jo phâw $Boiklf Govczy{ Gojf ‗ BGG+, jfyk}hjow jo KBWK $}fy z÷pkgo “Kjfczkjhjfw jf vb vwvèyko fb vb wkwzfbh NWB‒+# 7#9#9 ‗ Kczfymhgfw
Hw kczfymhgfw jo wkwzfbh NPYW fwzço fwxvfbhzkqhjhw ch mknvyh xvf bowzyh h hyxvkzfzvyh NPYW, f jfwgykzhw ch zhiflh hihkto# 7#9#7 ‗ Yfjfw ihgeiocf NPYW
Hw yfjfw ihgeiocf NPYW zyhcwpoyzhb jhjow poy phgozfw fczyf ow flfbfczow NPYW# Vbh yfjf ihgeiocf kczyh"PLBC zyhcwpoyzh jhjow fczyf flfbfczow jf vbh bfwbh PLBC, fcxvhczo hw yfjfw kczfy"PLBC zyhcwpoyzhb phgozfw fczyf PLBCw jkwzkczhw# Wvh pykcgkphl vzklkjhjf ë flkbkchy h cfgfwwkjhjf jf vwhy hlnvbh PJC phyh yfhlkqhy h gobvckghîço fczyf flfbfczow jf vbh PLBC $kczyh PLBC+ ov fczyf PLBCw jkwzkczhw $kczfy PLBC+#
7#9#: ‗ Pyozogolow
Hihkto wfyço jfwgykzow, jf moybh wkbplkmkghjh, ow pyozogolow pykcgkphkw jh yfjf NPYW# Ë kbpoyzhczf lfbiyhy xvf, co câ}fl jf yfjf, h yfjf NPYW vwh ow pyozogolow jh kczfycfz, ZGP, VJP, KP, PPP, fczyf ovzyow jf kczfymhgf gob o gobpvzhjoy# Hihkto h mknvyh klvwzyh hw ghbhjhw jf pyozogolow ch yfjf NPYW#
7#9#:#8 ‗ Ghbhjh WCJGP
O pyozogolo jf goc}fynácgkh jfpfcjfczf jh wvi"yfjf $WviCfz~oye Jfpfcjfcz Goc}fynfcgf Pyozogol ‗ WCJGP+ ë yfwpocwè}fl poy kczfymhgfhy BW f WNWC, f }kwh o wvpoyzf how pyozogolow jf jhjow poy phgozfw# Yfgfif o C"PJV }kcjo jh ghbhjh jf yfjf, f zyhcwmoybh fb WC"PJV, phyh phwwè"lo ho pyozogolo LLG# Chw mknvyhw hihkto fwzço jfwgykzow ow moybhzow jh vckjhjf WC"PJV#
7#9#:#9 ‗ Ghbhjh LLG
O pyozogolo jf goczyolf jf fclhgf l÷nkgo $Lonkghl Lkce Goczyol ‗ LLG+ opfyh ch kczfymhgfw hëyfh f Ni, phyh pyo}fy o fclhgf fczyf BW f WNWC# Wvhw mvcîöfw wço 1 " Fcghpwvlhy jhjow jh ghbhjh WCJGP fb vckjhjfw zyhzhjhw pflo LLG5 " Fczyfnhy ow jhjow jh ghbhjh YLG à WCJGP ch oyjfb gfyzh5 " Gykpzonyhmhy5 " Goczyolhy o mlvto jf jhjow f h wfxüácgkh jf phgozfw5 " Jfzfgzhy f goyyknky fyyow# 7#9#:#7 ‗ Ghbhjhw YLG/BHG
H ghbhjh jf pyozogolo jf goczyolf jf yèjko $Yhjko Lkce Goczyol ‗ YLG+ wfnbfczh ow xvhjyow LLG fb ilogow YLG, hwwogkhcjo vb cñbfyo jf wfxüácgkh poy ilogo $Iloge Wfxvfcgf Cvbify ‗ IWC+# H ghbhjh jf pyozogolo jf hgfwwo ho bfko $Bfjkvb Hggfww Goczyol ‗ BHG+ zyhzh ow jkmfyfczfw ghchkw l÷nkgow h wfyfb gobphyzkldhjow poy }èykhw BWw# Wvh pykcgkphl mvcîço ë jfmkcky gobo jf}f wfy mfkzo o hgfwwo ho bfko, o xvf goyyfwpocjf à mvcîço jh ghbhjh jf fclhgf jo bojflo OWK# Pyo}á zhbiëb bfghckwbow xvf f}kzhb golkwöfw jf jhjow poy phgozfw co fclhgf yf}fywo, o xvf hgoczfgf xvhcjo }èykhw BWw fc}khb phgozfw phyh vbh bfwbh IZW# 7#9#6 ‗ Ghchkw l÷nkgow
O ghchl mâwkgo jfjkghjo ho wfy}kîo NPYW, poyzhczo, jfwzkchjo ho zyhcwpoyzf jf jhjow poy
phgozfw, ë o ghchl jf jhjow poy phgozfw $Phgefz Jhzh GDhccfl ‗ PJGD+# Ow ghchkw l÷nkgow wço jk}kjkjow fb zyáw nyvpow 1 " Ghchkw jf goczyolf gobvb jf phgozf $Phgefz Gobboc Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ PGGGD+5 " Ghchkw jf zyèmfno jf phgozf $Phgefz Zyhmmkg GDhccfl ‗PZGD+5 " Ghchkw jfjkghjow jf goczyolf jf phgozf $Phgefz Jfjkghzfj Goczyol GDhccflw ‗ PJGGD+# H mknvyh hihkto klvwzyh ow ghchkw l÷nkgow jh hyxvkzfzvyh NPYW#
Nyvpo jf ghchkw jf goczyolf gobvb jf phgozf $Phgefz Gobboc Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ PGGGD+ 1 moybhjo poy ghchkw l÷nkgow jf wkchlkqhîço, vwhjow poy zojow ow vwvèykow, f cço jf
moybh jfjkghjh# Ow ghchkw wço 1 " Ghchl jf hgfwwo yhcjúbkgo jf phgozf $Phgefz Yhcjob Hggfww GDhccfl ‗ PYHGD+ 1 hzvh co fclhgf yf}fywo phyh xvf h BW wkchlkqf o kcâgko jo fc}ko jh kcmoybhîço5 " Ghchl jf ivwgh jf phgozf $Phgefz Phnkcn GDhccfl ‗ PPGD+ 1 hzvh co fclhgf jkyfzo, phyh ivwghy vbh BW f pfjky jflh vb phgozf5 " Ghchl jf pfybkwwço jf hgfwwo jf phgozf $Phgefz Hggfww Nyhcz GDhccfl ‗ PHNGD+ 1 hzvh co fclhgf jkyfzo, phyh fwzhiflfgfy h zyhcwmfyácgkh jf vb phgozf phyh h BW5 " Ghchl jf cozkmkghîço jo phgozf $Phgefz Cozkmkghzkoc GDhccfl ‗ PCGD+ 1 hzvh co fclhgf jkyfzo, phyh fc}khy vbh kcmoybhîço fb bvlzkghwz phyh vb gocavczo jf BWw5 " Ghchl jf goczyolf iyohjghwz jf phgozf $Phgefz Iyohjghwz Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ PIGGD+ 1 hzvh co fclhgf jkyfzo, phyh fc}khy fb iyohjghwz kcmoybhîöfw fwpfgâmkghw woiyf o wkwzfbh# Nyvpo jf ghchkw jf zyèmfno jf phgozfw $Phgefz Zyhmmkg GDhccfl ‗ PZGD+ 1 moybhjo poy
ghchkw jf zyèmfno# O ghchl jf zyèmfno ë gdhbhjo ghchl jf zyèmfno jf jhjow poy phgozf $Phgefz Jhzh Zyhmmkg GDhccfl ‗ PJZGD+, xvf ë jk}kjkjo fb jokw ghchkw vckjkyfgkochkw, o PJZGD/V $Vplkce +, xvf fc}kh phgozfw co fclhgf yf}fywo, f o PJZGD/J $Jo~clkce +, xvf fc}kh phgozfw co fclhgf jkyfzo# Nyvpo jf ghchkw jfjkghjow jf goczyolf jf phgozfw $Phgefz Jfjkghzfj Goczyol GDhccflw ‗ PJGGD+ 1 moybhjo poy ghchkw l÷nkgow xvf zyhcwpoyzhb kcmoybhîço jf wkchlkqhîço
phyh vbh BW fwpfgâmkgh# Ow ghchkw wço 1
" Ghchl hwwogkhjo jf goczyolf jf phgozf $Phgefz Hwwogkhzfj Goczyol GDhccfl ‗ PHGGD+ 1 lf}h kcmoybhîço jf wkchlkqhîço yflhgkochjh h vbh jfzfybkchjh BW, gobo goczyolf jf pozácgkh, poy ftfbplo5 " Ghchl jf goczyolf jf h}hcîo jf zfbpo jf phgozf jo fclhgf yf}fywo $Phgefz Zkbkcn hj}hcgf Goczyol GDhccfl/Vplkce ‗ PZGGD/V+ 1 ghchl jo fclhgf yf}fywo, vwhjo phyh fwzkbhy o h}hcîo jf zfbpo jf vbh BW fwpfgâmkgh, phyh zyhcwmfyácgkh jf phgozfw# Fwwf h}hcîo }hykh gob h }hykhîço jh jkwzécgkh jh BW à IZW5 " Ghchl jf goczyolf jf h}hcîo jf zfbpo jf phgozf jo fclhgf jkyfzo $Phgefz Zkbkcn hj}hcgf Goczyol GDhccfl/Jo~clkce ‗ PZGGD/J+ 1 lf}h kcmoybhîöfw woiyf h}hcîo jf zfbpo, jh IZW phyh }èykhw BWw# Ghjh PZGGDJ/J fwzè, poyzhczo, yflhgkochjo h }èykow PZGGD/Vw# Cozf xvf hlnvcw ghchkw l÷nkgow NPYW powwvfb h bfwbh mvcîöfw jf ovzyow ghchkw jh yfjf NWB, bhw hjhpzhjow phyh h zyhcwmfyácgkh jf jhjow poy phgozfw# H wfnvky, hlnvcw ghchkw NPYW f ow NWB goyyfwpocjfczfw1 PYHGD f YHGD, PPGD f PGD, PHNGD f HNGD, PCGD f CGD, PIGGD f IGGD# Jfpfcjfcjo jh gocmknvyhîço jh yfjf, ow ghchkw jf goczyolf NPYW pojfb wfy wviwzkzvâjow pflo wfv fxvk}hlfczf NWB# 7#9#6#8 ‗ Bhpfhbfczo jow ghchkw l÷nkgow cow ghchkw mâwkgow
Ow ghchkw l÷nkgow PJGD wço kbplfbfczhjow co ghchl mâwkgo hzyh}ëw jh fwzyvzvyh jf bvlzkxvhjyo, jf 69 xvhjyow# H fwzyvzvyh jf vb bvlzkxvhjyo fwzè yfpyfwfczhjh hihkto, ocjf ow ilogow jf yèjko ghyyfnhb o ghchl l÷nkgo# H opfyhjoyh pojf fwpfgkmkghy xvhkw ghchkw l÷nkgow wfyço zyhcwpoyzhjow fb ghjh ilogo#
: ‗ Zfgcolonkh FJNF
H zfgcolonkh FJNF $Fcdhcgfj Jhzh Yhzfw moy NWB F}olvzkoc+ ghyhgzfykqh h nfyhîço 9#>6N, powzfykoy à 9N ov à 9#6N# Wvh pykcgkphl mvcîço ë hvbfczhy h fmkgkácgkh jo wkwzfbh NPYW, bozk}o pflo xvhl zhbiëb ë gocdfgkjh gobo NPYW Bfldoyhjo $Fcdhcgfj Nfcfyhl Phgefz Yhjko Wfy}kgfw ‗ FNPYW+# Hw pykcgkphkw jkmfyfcîhw fb yflhîço à yfjf NPYW wço 1 " Pyozogolow jf hgfwwo à kczfymhgf Vb gob co}hw mhgklkjhjfw5 " Bojvlhîço 4"PWE $4"wzhzf Pdhwf Wdkmz Ef{kcn +5 " Co}ow pyogfjkbfczow jf gojkmkghîço jf ghchl# :#8 ‗ Hyxvkzfzvyh FJNF
H yfjf FJNF ë kjáczkgh à NPYW, ftgfzo pflh kczfymhgf hëyfh# Hpfchw h BW f h IZW womyfb bvjhcîhw gob o wkwzfbh FJNF, poyzhczo# Fwwhw bvjhcîhw }kwhb wvpoyzhy, pykcgkphlbfczf, h bojvlhîço 4"PWE f ow co}ow zkpow jf gojkmkghîço# H kczfymhgf hëyfh FJNF wvpoyzh hw kczfymhgfw NWB f NPYW# :#9 ‗ Bojvlhîço 4"PWE
H zfgcolonkh FJNF vzklkqh hw bojvlhîöfw NBWE, phyzf jh NWB, f 4"PWE# H ñlzkbh ë vb co}o fwxvfbh jf bojvlhîço xvf vwh 4 wâbiolow, jfmkckjow poy 7 ikzw# H NBWE vzklkqh 8 ikz, pojfcjo nfyhy 9 wâbiolow jkmfyfczfw# H kbpoyzécgkh jfwwh bojvlhîço ë zyhcwbkzky jhjow zyáw }fqfw bhkw yèpkjo xvf ch NBWE, xvf zyhcwbkzkh h 9>0,477 eikzw/w# H 4"PWE zyhcwbkzf, poyzhczo, h 489,:6 eikzw/w# :#7 ‗ Gojkmkghîço jo ghchl
O wkwzfbh FJNF vzklkqh co}f fwxvfbhw jf gojkmkghîço jo ghchl jf }oq# Gkcgo jflfw vwhb h bojvlhîço 4"PWE f ow ovzyow, h bojvlhîço NBWE# Ow jkmfyfczfw bojow jf wf gojkmkghy ow ghchkw wço, h }fyjhjf, ozkbkqhîöfw }kwhcjo h jkbkcvkîço jf fyyow f o hvbfczo jh zhth jf zyhcwbkwwço jf jhjow# Gob fwwfw fwxvfbhw co}ow, h bfwbh zfgcolonkh NPYW zf}f wfv jfwfbpfcdo bfldoyhjh fb lhynh fwghlh# H mknvyh hihkto gobphyh hlnvcw phyébfzyow fczyf NPYW f FJNF#
:#: ‗ Pykcgkphkw jkmfyfcîhw fczyf hw zfgcolonkhw NWB, NPYW f FJNF
Hw pykcgkphkw jkmfyfcîhw fczyf fwwhw mhwfw jh wfnvcjh nfyhîço jf gflvlhyfw fwzè co zyhcwpoyzf jf jhjow f chw zhthw jf zyhcwbkwwço yfxvfykjhw poy ghjh vb# H mknvyh hihkto gobphyh, yfwvbkjhbfczf, NWB, NPYW f FJNF#
6 ‗ VBZW $Vck}fywhl Boiklf Zflfgobbvckghzkoc W{wzfb+
Fb 8;4;, h Vckço Kczfychgkochl jf Zflfgobvckghîöfw $KZV, fb kcnláw+ jk}vlnov hzyh}ëw jf vb jogvbfczo h }kwço phyh ow wkwzfbhw jf gflvlhyfw mvzvyow, gdhbhjow jf zfygfkyh nfyhîço, 7N# Fwwh }kwço gdhbov"wf KBZ"9000 $Kczfychzkochl Boiklf Zflfpdoc{ 9000+ f, hp÷w wfy jk}vlnhjh, jfv kcâgko h vbh goyykjh phyh xvf mowwf pyoafzhjo vb wkwzfbh xvf hzkcnkwwf àw wvhw cfgfwwkjhjfw# Vb hwpfgzo kczfyfwwhczf jo KBZ"9000 ë h jk}kwço jf hbikfczfw phyh h opfyhîço jo wkwzfbh, jf moybh dkfyèyxvkgh# H mknvyh hihkto bowzyh fwwh jk}kwço#
O KBZ"9000 ftknkv vbh co}h hloghîço jo fwpfgzyo jf myfxüácgkhw# Co Iyhwkl, h HCHZFL $Hnácgkh Chgkochl jf Zflfgobvckghîöfw+ yfwfy}ov h mhkth jf 8,; NDq phyh ow wkwzfbhw 7N#
Jk}fywhw pyopowzhw moyhb fczço jfwfc}ol}kjhw phyh hzfcjfy how yfxvkwkzow jo KBZ"9000# Hw pyopowzhw VZYH $Vck}fywhl Zfyyfwzykhl Yhjko Hggfww+ f ^GJBH $^kjfihcj GJBH+ moyhb hw wflfgkochjhw, avczo gob h GJBH9000# Hw pyopowzhw VZYH f ^GJBH fwzço vckmkghjhw ch bfwbh fwpfgkmkghîço, gdhbhjh VBZW $Vck}fywhl Boiklf Zflfgobbvckghzkocw W{wzfb+# O oiafzk}o fyh bknyhy ow wkwzfbhw jf gflvlhyfw jf wfnvcjh nfyhîço phyh ow jf zfygfkyh nfyhîço# O wkwzfbh NWB zfb h f}olvîço chzvyhl phyh VBZW, fcxvhczo o wkwzfbh GJBH KW";6 f}olvk chzvyhlbfczf phyh o GJBH 9000# H mknvyh hihkto bowzyh h f}olvîço dkwz÷ykgh yfwvbkjh jow wkwzfbhw jf gflvlhyfw#
6#8 ‗ Hyxvkzfzvyh jh yfjf VBZW
H Hyxvkzfzvyh VBZW ë moybhjh pflow wfnvkczfw flfbfczow 1 " Fxvkphbfczo jf vwvèyko ‗ $Vwfy Fxvkpbfcz ‗ VF+5 " Yfjf jf wvpoyzf $Goyf Cfz~oye ‗ GC+5 " Yfjf vck}fywhl jf hgfwwo jf YM zfyyfwzyf $Vck}fywhl Zfyyfwzykhl Yhjko Hggfww Cfz~oye ‗ VZYHC+# H hyxvkzfzvyh VBZW vzklkqh h bfwbh yfjf jf wvpoyzf jow wkwzfbhw NPYW f FJNF, o xvf gocwkwzf cvbh fwzyhzënkh jf bknyhîço bvkzo kczfyfwwhczf, jf mègkl kbplfbfczhîço# H pykcgkphl jkmfyfcîh fczyf fwwfw wkwzfbhw fwzè cow pyozogolow f kczfymhgfw jh kczfymhgf hëyfh# 6#9 ‗ Hyxvkzfzvyh VZYHC
H hyxvkzfzvyh VZYHC ë moybhjh poy wviwkwzfbhw jf yfjf jf YM $Yhjko Cfz~oye Wviw{wzfb ‗ YCW+, gocfgzhjow à yfjf jf wvpoyzf $GC+# Fwwh gocftço ë mfkzh pflh kczfymhgf Kv# Ow wviwkwzfbhw YCW kczfnyhb ow ghchkw jf YM VBZW à yfjf# Phyh kbplfbfczhy kwwo, ftkwzf h yfjf jf wvpoyzf $GC+# O wviwkwzfbh YCW ë moybhjo poy jokw flfbfczow 1 " Goczyolhjoy jh yfjf jf YM $Yhjko Cfz~oye Goczyollfy ‗ YCG+ 1 yfwpocwè}fl poy nfyfcgkhy
yfgvywow jf yhjkomyfxüácgkh, goczyolhy ow c÷w I, loghlkqhy o fxvkphbfczo jf vwvèyko $FV+ f nfyfcgkhy h boiklkjhjf jo vwvèyko5 " C÷ I $Cojf I+ 1 Gocfgzh h kczfymhgf hëyfh gob h kcmyh"fwzyvzvyh gflvlhy# Ë yfwpocwè}fl poy goczyolhy ow wkchkw jf YM, yfhlkqhy o fwphldhbfczo fwpfgzyhl jow g÷jknow ^GJBH, goczyolhy ow ghchkw mâwkgow f bhpfè"low ch poyzhjoyh jf YM# O YCG wf gocfgzh gob h yfjf jf wvpoyzf $GC+ hzyh}ëw jh kczfymhgf Kv, gob ovzyo YCG hzyh}ëw jh kczfymhgf Kvy f powwk}flbfczf gob ovzyhw IWGw jh yfjf NFYHC pflh kczfymhgf Kvy"n# H yfjf NFYHC $NWB FJNF Yhjko Hggfww Cfz~oye + ë h yfjf hzë h nfyhîço 9#>6, xvf kcglvk, poyzhczo, NWB, NPYW f FJNF# 6#9#8 ‗ Kczfymhgf Kv
Gocfgzh GC f VZYHC# Wvhw pykcgkphkw mvcîöfw wço 1 " Kczfygocfgzhy o wviwkwzfbh YCW gob ow poczow jf hgfwwo à yfjf GC jfczyo jf vbh PLBC, kcjfpfcjfczf jo mhiykghczfw jfwwfw gobpocfczfw5 " Wvpoyzhy zojow ow wfy}kîow VBZW5 " Pfybkzky o kczfymvcgkochbfczo gob o wkwzfbh NWB# 6#9#9 ‗ Kczfymhgf Kvy
Pfybkzf h zyogh jf kcmoybhîço jf wkchlkqhîço fczyf YCGw jfczyo jf vbh bfwbh VZYHC# Wfvw oiafzk}ow wço 1 " Wvpoyzhy kczfygocftöfw jf YCGw jf jkmfyfczfw mhiykghczfw5 " Wfphyhy hw mvcgkochlkjhjfw fczyf yfjfw jf YM f jf zyhcwpoyzf, phyh xvf co}hw zfgcolonkhw powwhb kbplfbfczhy bvjhcîhw cow jokw hwpfgzow jf moybh fwpfgâmkgh5 " Yfhlkqhy o kczfymvcgkochbfczo fczyf hw yfjfw VZYHC f NFYHC#
