Fluid flow Equation within the reservoir The reservoir is modeled by subdividing the reservoir volume into an array, or grid, of smaller volume elements, which called: gridblock, cell, or node.
The well model
Fluid flow that represents the extraction of fluids from the reservoir or the injection of fluids into the reservoir
The well bore mode
Fluid flow from the sand face to the surface
The surface model
constraints associated with surface facilities, such as platform and separator limitations K.FEKI
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Reservoir simulator
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Reservoir simulation model
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Reservoir simulation model
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Main modeled phenomena
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Definitions
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Types of models
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Types of simulators
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Types of simulators
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Black Oil model
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NUMERICAL MODELS: DISCRETIZATION
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Reservoir Simulation PLANNING
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A question of Scale
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Prediction Future performance Reservoir Simulation Model
Geological Model
History Matching
Reduce Operation Expenses Increase Recovery
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Prediction
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Problem definition
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Data review
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Main Types of Data
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Study approach
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Study approach
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GRID TYPES
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GRID TYPES
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Sugar box geometry
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Sugar box geometry
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Corner point geometry
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Reservoir description : PROPERTIES
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Reservoir description : PROPERTIES
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Reservoir Discritization Defination:
the reservoir is described by a set of gridblocks (or gridpoints) whose properties, dimensions, boundaries, and locations in the reservoir are well defined.
Block centered grid Point distributed grid i-1
Isothermal condition complete and instantaneous phase equilibration in each cell
Conservation in energy Conservation in momentum
Additional constraints Wells and facilities Large number of non-linear equations K.FEKI
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Fluid flow equations • • • •
Type of fluid in the reservoir Incompressible Flow regimes Slightly compressible Steady State flow Reservoir geometry Compressible Unsteady State flow • Radial flow Number of flowing fluids in the reservoir • • • • •
Pseudo Steady State flow Linear flow Single Phase flow Spherical and Hemispherical flow Two phase flow Three phase flow
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IN OUT Reservoir Simulator
Pressure Saturation
Newton-Raphson (IMPLICIT) all primary variables are calculated at the same time.
IMplicit Pressure Explicit Saturation (IMPES) The IMPES procedure solves for pressure at the new time level using saturations at the old time level, and then uses the pressures at the new time level to explicitly calculate saturations at the new time level K.FEKI
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Numerical Models Black oil model Depletion Compositional Water Injection model o o o o o o
Gas injectionoil towater increase Component: gasor maintain reservoir pressure MiscibleOil flooding as the injection gas goes into solution with oil Phase: water gas Carbon dioxide flooding, with the gas soluble in both oil and water Polymer and surfactant injection Thick reservoirs with a compositional gradient caused by gravity Component: Water oil surfactant alcohol Reservoirs with fluid compositions near the bubblepoint Phase: Agues oleic microemulsion High-pressure, high temperature reservoirs Natural-fracture reservoir modeling. Component: C1,C2, ….So2,H2S,N2,.. Phase: Oil water gas
Chemical model
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Reservoir simulators
ECLIPSE GPRS SENSOR NEXUS UTCHEM Boast 3 COMET3 …
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Eclipse reservoir simulator • Commercial reservoir simulator for over 25 years
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Black-oil Compositional Thermal Streamline
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Eclipse reservoir simulator
Local Grid Refinement Gas Lift Optimization Gas Field Operations Gas Calorific Value-Based Control Geomechanics Coalbed Methane Networks Reservoir Coupling Flux Boundary Environmental Traces Open-ECLIPSE Developer's Kit K.FEKI
