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Rn to the Sourc: d ps Amila Edte by Africa Inomon

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Return o he Src:

Africa

Return o he Src: lecd pchs of Amia Cabal Edted by  Inm Sve

Africa

Amlcar Cab, who ws the Seceay-Genal of th fi Paty or e Idepne of uie and  ap Vd  (A) ws si y ougue gnts on J 20 1973. Ude hs ed e deshp eshp he PAC ibeated tee-qu f the coutrsde f Guie n ess thn en es  revouio strgle Caba dstished hie amon de olio aies  the g  cefu repaao repaao  boh oei  atcal whch he udetook be lacng he votio trugle d  he couse o ths pepti pept io o bece on of h wod's tstag heoeicns o tpiis su Ths lu contas soe o he pinc sps  deeed  his ast yes u isis to he Uie  h it  hi sph o t foh Cosi   i Ni e Assey o Otoer 6 97 97  o "Qsions o  oes de ougue inistion His bii spc o "ao Libeto n ulue ulue  70 n "Ieny  Dii  te ext of he tiona Lieao Sugge Sugge  192 fo ug his as vii  he nid ts ts al s  Aa mton evie o onize n ifoma ting o epives o   o  oii oi ion on   i  ace o cto  9  vitiy vitiy   and huo wi gig  vi i he ci wch Ca po o whch ppas   i icu   o qes  ell s his opening mks Fin  Nw Y M of Jn  i As hi  in   e peop of Gina n   Ve sn s ois  poiic e o i aba Icu    ps ps photogs photogs  ugo f uthr ig i   s     f  beatio movs i go  Mozqe Mny Rvw ss

Prined i U,S./Cove desig y Ma Stephe Mokal

Photo: Membs of he 1972 Specal Mssio o e U Nions, ccompied by AIG m e rs  oss   i e B-Ke cor o l i b e r d Gua, (UN Pht/ Yu Ng)

Return o he Src: lecd pchs of Amia Cabal Edted by  Inm Sve

Africa

Amlcar Cab, who ws the Seceay-Genal of th fi Paty or e Idepne of uie and  ap Vd  (A) ws si y ougue gnts on J 20 1973. Ude hs ed e deshp eshp he PAC ibeated tee-qu f the coutrsde f Guie n ess thn en es  revouio strgle Caba dstished hie amon de olio aies  the g  cefu repaao repaao  boh oei  atcal whch he udetook be lacng he votio trugle d  he couse o ths pepti pept io o bece on of h wod's tstag heoeicns o tpiis su Ths lu contas soe o he pinc sps  deeed  his ast yes u isis to he Uie  h it  hi sph o t foh Cosi   i Ni e Assey o Otoer 6 97 97  o "Qsions o  oes de ougue inistion His bii spc o "ao Libeto n ulue ulue  70 n "Ieny  Dii  te ext of he tiona Lieao Sugge Sugge  192 fo ug his as vii  he nid ts ts al s  Aa mton evie o onize n ifoma ting o epives o   o  oii oi ion on   i  ace o cto  9  vitiy vitiy   and huo wi gig  vi i he ci wch Ca po o whch ppas   i icu   o qes  ell s his opening mks Fin  Nw Y M of Jn  i As hi  in   e peop of Gina n   Ve sn s ois  poiic e o i aba Icu    ps ps photogs photogs  ugo f uthr ig i   s     f  beatio movs i go  Mozqe Mny Rvw ss

Prined i U,S./Cove desig y Ma Stephe Mokal

Photo: Membs of he 1972 Specal Mssio o e U Nions, ccompied by AIG m e rs  oss   i e B-Ke cor o l i b e r d Gua, (UN Pht/ Yu Ng)

"lam a simpe African n) doig my dut   own on n h cox of our ime. ALCR CABR 949  mm

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TN  H SOURCE l ph by m C edited by Africa Inomjo Srvic

( Mothly Rvw Pss w Yk ad Ld w fca fa vc

Copight © 1973 by Afrca nfmatn Service and te Acan Pt r e Inepenene  Guea an t Cape Vee sans Al Rigts eserve

Lbra of Congrss Caalogng n Pblicaion Da Cabral, Amilcar Retn t te sorce 1 Gnea rtgee-otic an gvernentoected wok 2 NatonasGnea PrtgeseCoect k 3. GerasGnea, tgeseeced  I. Tte 309'665702 747788 DT6753 974 SB 085353454

Th Prnng Month Reve ess 62 Wes t Street Ne Yk Y  2 Teobads ad Lonn X 8SL Mant  te Unte tte  ca

Dedicate  the tue

Te fica Iformatio Service (AS) is a organization of Africas, African-Carbbeans and ArcaAmericas wo sare a ommit me to ird Word atiiperiaist strugges We pre pare, cat ao and distribte information o African iberatio movemets ad o te strugge to aceve ecoomic idependece by te peo e n toe parts of Arica recognizd a independet political state. e aso provie the eope of frica wit iformation o variou strgge beig waged by Tird Word peope in te West e Hemispee Africa i or foca oi, b we recogize that e Arican strugges do ot exit i isoation ey re temsees p art o a aer movemet by Tird ord peopes r tanks o te mras n oanzan o mad t rn f hs k ble, nu  frana Sd d Rerc Cnter f  ney an te Wmn' Dvsn f he Ue et Chrh. And be a r  ea area  t mtant  th fia P for  ndeenne  Gna· and e ap Vre lans AG for her asss ae

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 s book e Enh   gs  u itgabl  y. 

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e log and dcult sul  fre Afc m ein dnon hs pdcd y   d wl  in o podc ny o. I  innc ndvdls  s o b kl cds d s soe fo h ss o  l. On   ndds  jc vn f c   li f i opl  o lcd sd o  o  c o h own bng.  kng s   id  h i  h p o k i o pc i h ilc Cbl i o   n  he   h po f  l W c con o Gi (Bs),  i n  ld o hd  n hi idi d ho s i sl in  n s o  lg nd icl oc   lbo C i z s hin    h old's o sdi oc hocs.   im f his astio   Poe n o J 20, 1973-Cbl as Se l   c    ndndc of Gi ad h C Vd lnd (C s lo  odn i f  olcl o. H   li o l bt hi o  coce li o s po nd v o  l o s l ld   olon o n o T ci coin of coi in  issa



RTURN TO  SR

Cabal discuse  he "rtrn to h sr as a oa pces ah  an a cral v. He saw h ros f ng  he sur as n m dlt for  os ate lt who ha le n olaon f h na ass a lped n of  uato a a st o r as  Th,     et hh pd sty ultral  atal ve t  e afstaions  th stat rstn  ng isolae f te Afa aty ng th ay tuhs ft  aal, s th fat tat h oss of rrng t t r  o  hst otan (an w  ft  ta  tns)  t nls o nly a tst agas t fg tue t aso lte papaton  the as stue aast  ta a en naton ria Inoatn Sr- _

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Second Ar B efor T Uit Nais This sp " gvn dun  CabP  s' to  U S. esen e/ e ny-6eh Ssn  e Fu omme   U Nos Gel Asseml  N Yk, Ocb  1972 s c ns wee nf: ��Qs 0 r ne o gu

Fo the ecn e I ha the h t addrs the t mitee n beha  t fican e f Gin ad e Cape Vede Islads, os s egitimt a true reea tve  the IC. I  so  gatat g fll awar that the meme of the ommte are r cmras  te t but g ggle fo  etn of ees a ak a ait preso  al knds i te irs f a  ete ie in  wod f a t an   We t ettn h t makae o  U ol y i ein hn s te PAI s v  eai  kn t n ember of the o ttee, ther e sme ho eha n pte of theee are dt ond  ad n obtist i not ea tu when ea with proe atin to the tugge fo tona ieaton  Gn an Cape  I entue t ay "in pt f heee ecae, ean e coe ea  Stae    i ct t bei t eonse e exs 

5

Soldiers inside a iberated one. (Liberatio News Sevice) A PAIGC sodier tudying (Liberation News Serice)

Sodier at a military bae in a liberate region of uin Libeation News Service Stuent at a gmnasum cas at the erolno opez uz boarding choo oated I the Cubucare Sector, Sote Zoe, in ibrated Guine The choo wa named after the teacher ho died hile potectig the tudents during a otuguee air raid in ]965. (UN Photo! Yutaka Nagata

Members of he PAIGC are seen being inspeced by an ocer in e Cubcre Setor. (U N Phoo/Y Naa) On eeer 24, 1973 he Reublc of Guine·Bssa ws poame oe o he o l i  a l eders of he Repbc ae seen hee   eeing -f le: Chco Menes, Prme Mnser; cener Lus Cabra, Pres en of he Conci o e rgh: uco oares, commner o he Noher Fron (SRober Vn eop

Kicen o  miiy encmpmen in News Servie



ibere zone beaion

The oce a a miia'encapmen ee loca iary n poliicl eades mee ieion News erice

A young gil is examined by a male � urse at a eah stato near he

vilae of Bcama. (AIS/Robert Va Lerop)

aion Lao d Cultr h �t  ig iv n Fb  

t 0/ th Eddo Mndn* ml Lctu Se  yacs Unvst Syracu,  Yk nd th p 0 T Pg 0/  An tdis  was tnstd  t n b n Wbst. 

When Goebbels, he bran behind Nz ppgan erd cute eng di ced   rou gt ou is revolve Ta s a  Nzs-wh ere n d ae e mot rac expeon  impalm d of s s fo domnao-�vn  hey wee al deeae ike Hie, hd a clear ea o he vae  cuue a  facor of etae o foeg domnato. st thes us ta t,  ceta  ccmtane t is vey a f  t rgr t m hs di   p ope Bu i lo ee    hee ma be the mae  a ects of t s omnao i cn be ntned ony  he ermae n nze ees  ' the cual l of he ele cee Ipan aton  oeg ona n be asued deey ony by h quia on o  s   the de u. In f  ke up m  donate  ee  ao ve ,  ake u s t er or a lea  o neu rl ze o paalze e Fo wi  a tron in dgeno s uu lif, {o Eduo Mnlne, was the fr Peid  e zque Lban Fn (FLlM) He w aied by Pe ge  e. 3 1969. •



RR O THE OCE sin f te culure  th peoe wh ar unran  rle Fo i raon, ho  la e ot  e a a i f t vl  e clt n he frae of h sgle an mt h a oro knoge  th eop's ulure, weer m be th lel o cooc elont. In ur te it is on o am h ll peopes ave a cuue. Th m s pat wen, in an efr  o pe te

dnaon o peple, culue wa one an atute f ge poes  ns, d when, ot    ir o an  ale  ulure was fed w tehnial e,   not w k oo  of e sap of ne's ees Te lbeion ement, a rpeenta an efener   the cuture   pop, mu be conious  te c t ha, wtv may b the maial co ons of th siey t re een the o  e b and creor f ule. h lea oeet   oe edy te mass arae , te pua chratr  h c ulr -wch s nt a nevr u e th riig o  n r  som ors  th sie In th tu aalis  socia ruc wh e ia to en l be aable  mking n elaion  the ipeve  he ue e clual hacstic  h up in socey e a pace o pe iprac , w e ltue as a mss hacer, i s o unrm, t s nt eqa evee in  cs  scie The de  eac sca o towar he lbean sul is tte  its enoc inress u s a inunce prfnl  s lue  ma ve  aded ha e dees n cu levels exain iencs i behavo twad h lieain memn n th par f inidus who beln  the sm oceonoic up. It s a his n ht cltue ahs its full siicance o ea in: ndestndin ad ntto t hi enirnmet, entcaon wt ndmnta rblems an aspiraons  th sie, acepac f th ssit f hane n  deti f oes In the sic cnns f our unryan we woud sa  Aiae riznta an ertc iutin f vs f cu t  owha colex n act fom laes t owns,  ne nc g o anohe  ne g gup t anoh m te peasa o he wrkmn  t t ndieus nte ecua wh is moe o es lae, an, s  ave a,

4

National Lbeation  Cuure

ee f inidual t niv whin the ae cal ou,  niai  uat  of ltur ares ini ny I is  p mpnc fr he leraton ovent t e ee  nto onsderation In oceies w a oinl ci sruc su as te Blnt o ee, he iton f r lel  o r les unio vaaions eing nke ie t act s o nviu o f age gp On  r an,  soces wi  rc t su s te ula, he  pon iion om th o  the boo f th cial m e drens n oial cure ilua nc mo the clo raionshp n ue an enoy, and ao elain reces i e nel  sea eavr f he to h ous n ti o  leaon ent. t s �e tat e muliit f sia n ni  o o ae th rt  detrine t  f culue n  ie tn ve. u it is a no t se sit  e iv re  he berat tggle, en wen ss tue s t appea t e in emrynic ses f deveoet

Te experience f na donat sows tat, n t e  t  t oitaton, th c lnes n ol ret a y t rere the culural li  o he olnze eol; e a prooks n devels he c uura a inatin of a r f h ppatn, eh b o-c ae smn  nig o peple,  by cretng  a soca g a twen th ndenou l and h oulr mse. As a reu  ths pces of iv o of enn  vns n t siet t aens tat   dable t  te pplaio notab te  an  easa petit bourgose, asiiates te lnize's mena, e s il lll sprr  s own l and  noes o look s own pon thr clt r as Ths siuaion, ctic  f h maji of c ize inelectas i nsie b  nes   sa pvie s f  asiad  lna  rou w ect mpic atns   aior f ndias n this grou  retn   ieton memn. A oeon  ndo ment ets us inpnsbe  th  n atin f l int the lberti mve S eon  sorAfnzaion,  u caseay tak pac e eoe e tugge, b i s omeed ny dun e o e   sugg hu  dily cact wit te oul es n  c unon  sa quie  te st uge.



REURN TO H SCE

nrest o covnce oe    pe o lonl ia (a has v cas  th omat)  ica wa a o mose esc o  cur aues Se v w hlf  b ne  he ch of contns  cutua u Fm Cage to Gz o Zimba, o M t Bi a   Saa  Tmu to Kla aos th y n  ds  e nnn' t coniios,  cte of Acan eopls i a ue ai: i wok of  a wl   r nd wte ion, n cogical cocptos   as  uc an nce,  is n bif    i he namic balan  coc otc and oc scte aed b ca n.  unveal ae of Aca cutre s ow an oetble ac; nevtls  so o  ot ta Aca n, hoe ha,  he  , "ac he nes o t od ios o t or ha eeopd  clue feql, f o csn,  ae cndon m se o qorl rts fom coasl ah t  nk  a ve ubj t qut o, in it o  sos of iutie, ncuin agus wic ave syd nt d nimas an man e  agmt ith asil Dvidon and  eacher  ca sto  uue,  cn  h  accomshmnts �f  ca nu  ecoc lc,  o d c omains, ste e hospiabe hracte f  enonme, e pic-cmparbe to t mjo hsal exle o e eans o an

Of cou, i eli cue  rso fo de n  tus o tho o g f he lbeto   oe of Acan po. B u t s mptn no  lose i f e fac t no cre   c, ie hoe. Clur, lke hiso, s n exdin n dvep enomnn Ee or irtt, we ust ake ccou o he fc  e  nda caacetc   clure  he hghl depd ad cocal na o t ng with e c nd ecnomc aty  e evonmen, w e lee of ouce of  oty whch  ocs n t e Cut, te   hso eHc  ee e t mara  piitul reai f ociety,   he-idvdu d of ma-theibeig, cd h conc whc   gs ure  he gence f on lfe. Fr h we n cod eee th al cure i ompse f 50

Ntiol Liberaion b Cultue

e, o egh nd  eae,  re  ng,  ostv a ai acs,  aco o s nd acto o stagnao o greson o tis o w  ee a utr- catio f oci  e ytes of the baancs and t soon w oty ngnder to resole the oncts hch caac ah as o t hso  ci at, enn o e l o , he coor of r kn r te hp o h ee � roug anlss  ctul al does  t he ca tht th x ctina r i cus. hs  becas a wth story, th dvlpmt  clu oces  unve faion, hth at the leve f  connn a rae, o v a socit T cooinas o t k to o an vg hnoo v  sa  , t th b mai sica o uman olocal nd socl  The c of rcoizi th extenc of commn a aicla furs i the cul of icn pes inen o  olr  t in s nt cssa p ta o a n n cutue xs on e conten. I  m wa  o a economc an pca epo e c rcogn h exis ce f eal ics,  s ee are man ica cults

Wht n dbt, ntmaton  e cuura vau  Afc eols, bae on rais lng nd upo the netion  eang ore expoo o Aca, s o u ha o c. B  n he  c o e ia eed o rss t og atius o bavo w e o le   Afc: ndsim t comn ystc l tto o rtue t onmnin aul; blind ccptce   h as  he cue, itho cndring ha penl

or tiay gsiv es  coan; conon etwen

wat   n bjece n  e n wh pe  e  eon o e d o e

poct of a eciar eee bsu lkg f r eats,  god r   ppsed racl rce-

sc n naII, e on-cienc or  scitc cca r ciato f e cturl phenomen. T, he m thig s no to oe tm  oe   d scsson of he pcic o uspcic cacterc  Ac cur vle but r to lk upn e al( 

 conqes� o a 

pc of m

ne r

 th omo  i

phaes of  voluti. 1

T TO THE SUR selv.

If  d   hppe, n e e  n . a� acepte dui the stggle W have been mde I va. T trugle will e fal to ieve it bjec e ? te p pe wil h e msse a opr  fr rr m te g e amwk  of hso

5

Ide d Dint   x f  Na L  On October 1 1 Am Cabl re n   dcorate dgre  Lion Uvrsiy, P T  h ss  tt oi

IDU e pe's sg r ainl rati nd ndee o imiist rl a om  ving force of ros o humiy an unobl onsiue e  e ssena chcsic  nmy is An bjct nalss  mrals insoar   s  fat or a hscl non nd "ess i te ex o he y of cn liica li  n mpot pt f huni rv a piais l, wt l t  o wecns f llg  i an o desruo f ua n l�u aus w o us a tie relt. Te s culatn f ita in  a dozen o e norn eshe   th rslt  y, o h cso o h y f ohe ls n of the ruhl loton  h ok  e ls will nt o lea  ut to the mnpolii o f e w ieiist re. d



 ' 'H  Morve, even whe tr   et  a t dc fm a of  l po ef e s  a f e as  dos ot ow s   e  eere Oe p f  idle las ry ad  e pinepc mmt es  frein cr cag o eae d a,  r cy f  ieiy rat n  ees h opes ad n   s A r becaue e ses  ag  e   noi colnial pow, e nl aal mn  ie he ae, gealy iliera a fal  e fo  rii xssi This e no hwve rv te aue f h cnbuo f  eelpm f e l ade b  pei bo iy, f t can a  se e nece a sc�  e rte  e w a aecr   w s a an mp ec f blc i  e i mropli ay e cas f lc. Th or p f  o le cas wic   sa j i he eidpece een n   r sar in  ibraion srg n  iein th t ases of h bt an  pren f ieni dsc om t of  coial . a is w ieicaio  t ases ad est f nty an e oary r eie aen  a n the igh  e  eo d sacs aned b  ggle . A sge, whch il beg te z p ica eesi f  cute  al nd eceari a   ly o dety but a  gt. n he cr f h c  clalis nat,  ass wee  acec  e ca srctr    t ic e bng  t  sig  i p I  ·frst ash  cqes, c c "acicatnty ss, n  ad, eig cat   on astat o he d age  uph l e  oi at av est  sit bt blaze wt ay  s d  nce n a wil clleve.  ev  tcr  t eld o wrk ad x ve  sc tt w t  statvs o or ige   cal w   ir aat f he ibrt u s  a w pi te  teng wi ey c r m rsac t callege n  e oig domi

and Dig"  Such  p onged  ve sit  sbl ly bue  kpng h  lr a ett t  ee tct  se f e da  l di esite e ies, miia  ad tltes   h are fe sje. The ae  s   gen  p bi of ieniy dic f a  he i w d t ad cld  brg abu etati   s  ty  ht  ass ane. I s ex,  s t t se  giy f  pit i ca epe   jectv m l a oi elig f  ivil,  h jectv iude wa he w l  th l cic between whc e   ce t i ot  aiy  a  cniiztn. Ts    h mr eg   extent to w e t borgee in fllg i  ol  ad  e alnid b  fein oin  las a he ass O e sde the bo se is the ictm f reqt   iy u i y e on, ad n · he her si  s awar o h j ic o i e a ae sjec an f hi esitac a sp  f rebel. Hce se e appaent a ax of clnl dii;  is frm wthn  iigns petite bourgeois,  si   ich s  clonilim

tef ha    st poant e twa oizi a oanizg h mase fr h se againt he cial w . T  ul  he fe  U ki  bsaes an  a

viey of fo, rec th awren  gasp  a cmle

ietty, gnrlize a lid  h se e f d ge  e develt  cl awaess, 

rives o te cure r c es of  e   e f is pi sgs

69

Inside iberat Guine. (PAGC)

Mothr an chil istning to address by membr of 1972 Special Mis sion of the UN to liberate Guin  UN hoto/Yutaka agata)

Two AG members aking a rs in he Baaa-Kiane or, ibera ed uine N hotoYuaka agaa)

nside a liberatd zon PAIG)

Aml Cb dressing n uden t inoln Unversity wee e ecived t onory doo urng s last viit to t Unted Stts in Oc tobr 2. A SRa Lwis

A ngbooo yout st n

ont o U n OAU ep snttiv t  moil sv  d n Hl, w Yok o Jau 24, 1973 o te in  br ( tout gt)

 , in g o Scuity n te Cubuae eto ( Photo/Yutk Nga)

u  ssam, mmbe o  ton ommitte, adresses  mss meeting Te ol acion ommttees r composed of fve membes two o wom must be women . IS/obt Vn eo)

A r rae en a a ma c a e Aerono ope r boar n coo A r  Carman o e 197 on o e e Nao or n  Gn N Pooka Naaa Pp f  bar  N Poa Na

Cocing the Sruggls: an iformal k wth Bck Aes

During h t vst o he Unied ats Cb  he Afi Inom Se o or a sll ifml ei  wc  col pek wi epesnties o die c oi�is. T .S cntte ppoxi ely hirt onins n o Oco 20,  oe  2 ope pesi a wid ng of b gos  mic cw o  s oo o mt w l br.  n o  peop pese m to N Yo specclly o is ei A e mei,  viiy wt    C he es ece eien o hs wh hd no me  oe Pts o  dcssio  bn ede (iy)  coense o   ht ho Cb  y ns Enlis W no  s o l I am brngin o yu- Afcn bohe ad st of h

Une Seh raenal an f r pee n an  we e ve ccs h al  h e ce   ne us_ f e   a ce  a e how h,  e' n h we e  cnco f . I s a r an n  e   en  mae ech  a pee e e csc f s ac. Naua if yu k  bewen ber an comade wa

7

   

refer   oth  not ur aul o  resnsbiy. B    cd   a p gagmet Natuall  k  roh   ou cp t i bette to   ohe ad  d. W lke u roher e ch b e ink tht f  r w ha o z  repoity  t a  a ps abut r ole n er o e i nd h cni of oh,   lo d Th  er on fr u. e  o und yu tan in  t You can e u   lz e e u fe, e b    o lis  reo an ls our hs  ti tt o i r A ast nal  e   poo o nerndn  u le an a  cobu f  olon of yur bem  s onet. Naal    lo  Al   me owar th n  u le hee ar eal oon te n e  er corage  buton o eac y ore f e fan eope ou t   fct   Aca ec cnou o thei esosb to th tr  a o h  Do  n o  o al la he fca?  d ot b o. h  o be asc   i Ho  a   a W ae to cp th lii o t  no  li p y t o e e  g Ter i a iene W t       o dep or ow ondio n h e  oe   ee o is a n the n  e tal reitio   aspiton  an ei   conruti o u It  lo  coro o u o ee     A. Doe a ea ha   ac o            o . En he opl r ujece o is e re ag acs o  o ha e re  t  ur nnot  eain  o  ep li o  a odtio  h ien o d and of th dsio  e c i  eul o ca   no l n  la  h old   h ut o hsrc   o io  w c o ne am h ci   o ol.  r o depi o racs  o by  POge,    n gais h Po 

6

Connectig he Strules

use eple r whe e e g fr t frem   e r      m  be e  ov a i f hum being ou n no le f you re  s  s e cult I matn ri e mke ss    e p ev  v  m  s f rasm £ a ba cmes  m u a I v   I n  t e ad  s n I ave  s   M el o nrgy and or an ke aic cmtg aws e   m e mae e  e h  f w  nt n e l t  n caue of e w, w ca  s hg te   i pa  a cnfuson beween h haow ad    oect h ad. W ae ud by h a    mre  o pp  ad  , e h l  e fe ur dne n our nl 

Te hat yu w or sle a ae eed i u aieveme  g  s e bas our s  e cet  ls o  cuny. W ee e xre a mts f he pels  an we   But revl o  nol  batin  suge s ke  ds wich mu b  to ac nvdul' by. Ntr, her  cei ge o unisal  ev scec ws f  y od, t h lbratn sru      e dvp corig t the s ct o  oy. Th  fn-

damnta

 pcif di to b sie ed nue-ec clurl, soa, lia nd ve eai T g ra mnuls oce ld s hat wh munin yu n n k ul wr. Bu n my couny hr e n unas ony th el I te eic fed we m n e e gan tra u pepe  ct a   rail. When hy ue  m   reb tt ere e n ais  ou T P u uese bui thm in Mozamiqe nd Agla bu ot in our couny. There  oe cs to onder s w Y  er te  of scety i h yu a . I  ived aong za is   vca ln? Sm pol el u ou sle s he same a t o he Vnm ese pp   Iiml a r but   n he . Te Vienmese r a oe  huned  eas ago u gs eg a k



   

strggl. W no hv pouar rbun-opes our- ou oty  cot at a jdcl te li e Por   our oty cue  a a oloil o, or an w n ma a copy o t uca st n Portuga- s pobl Tro te tg  crted ou o d t t t y lc  cot tl Or s  nw judi st oal er o y or sm o i ou t tog te true It i i  oe ytes le e o  Vtna, bt t  ao diere becuse  ood to  cod o r coutr to no te s of our o o t  you raly attr I an tell ou t o oe a a  ntiton h o tak aoe ntur Fo xpe  u o use h te  t e os op by t colo or tem I ooe o ou rty ta t ovrme a n au  ror ito a op's oue o cutur, o fr ou pr miitr or o li  (I 't biv  ll ae  it away) Ti  t lt t op aize a t coqeed oloam-t' ied h t s ot  a ueio of a can f sn This  rea ly v important. I . he most mpoan  poblem n  beao ove men t. Th proble m of h naur of te stae ceatd a idpenenc  pea the se of th falue o A frcan npnn

QUEN: Loon  rc gogicy, w os h AIG  mo o  suppor No Arc, o ub·Saara  n   ber ses ho o supp fm   Rs opr? CABR  o k h sn f   h h sur   U  o rs n. We a e o  r of e O   a cors po  AI, no ption of n oi ns u  roh  A, h braion Cmmiee gvs s nnc hep r r me rn us m no mr tan te  on  an at h  ret, so W   hav baea eaios So ar in h norh, or  h s n r  h s  hin n h Soi n, w  had  ppr o h soi onrs-ora,  an maor. n r o hv ven mo aer supo u t mos   Sov no  t ounr a has 84

Ccng  Srgl a  aid  may  bre a ki  eins U ow the've ped  h ost i sulyng mteals  fr he . I  ou at to vf hi ou  o t m oty 

e. Ths  th ituation

UTI M uetio is abu t ol o oe at is t t  t troio ro t o  u pl CARL: n or couny you  y oct t dt ttio d rul on t role o wo For ple  e l oc  a  k a i o oty o t  e ow o te oe hs i  pa riha oiet Bu e r wo a dgty ad  o tr te ous ou would  ta sie e ou t om  t c   o ,  te Bte oy   o dom

T nerta hee drncs u hv  know h n e Fla oty al at is proud bog t th f. I he Bt ot all a  blo to the o  ork ad on wo vey ard so h a fee I s ver i l. But t poblm i ot  oltcl ro  the gh You kno tt  o out er w v mtl oc· e  wome ee  o pot element. O   Bija In tey had qe   t uee se the we th aut of g T ad que c uen h relgou eaers ere woen oo. No ty r

chaig. I e ou he ins o ha ou n an ou o er B ur   he portan t   poia r of o Ys, we he d t u o nou W  ver  from wat  wan o do u   no  rob a a b ov b br  a re. t i a a pa of h ro o asorao, of chag n h eria oin o  stn of ou po   n te ms   en bes o e eaes · ul  no on n h e b n  omen o W ha a bi ro  our nurs, ca w rn bou  urd nre-oe-b  mrr, hy  ldre n f   nihd Ths i y ba o som  oe he men rer for ia   nr n s i a  mem of h hi oiia sa o  rt S s resonsbe r a oia an uurl proe 

ETUN T  TE SOURC

i e souter rted re h's a memb f  Et ve Commitee of he Prt y  Thr e n ohers  e nt    te ontr ut in te exterr also i fri contres Bt we hae mu rk to . bginig of  struggle , whe n we . lacd  erra strugle , yug oe me  wihut b in calld nd a skd for wepons to fgh, hunres ad hure s. B tp by step m prb lems came  this famwok and w h t i In

th

ibte , to prttin te war. Today women ar picpall  what u c te c amed force s and in te  oitica wawrkng n ealth pobems, and instructn also. I hope e can send some of or wme  e s you ill  a  to know hm. But  ave ig proems to sol and  ave  a  grea t prlem wt sme  f h ees o th Part. W hve (vn ys f  combt orsles on tis plem, bcaus w hve to b ble to ut hi ctural e e ment, with its

great oots, unl the dy w pt own his ba thing th exploi ta tn of  omen, but w mad gre pss in this fd n ths tn ye ars. QSTON: rae Cr yu spo at ersal sci t  ls  revton It is er ce th  is ctr, we too, are ngge n so se of dlopn  a reu toay stl . er tin ly on of he most otoersal asp o r srgg s the rs o ths s  n  ersal s oud u rfo, alk aut r P rt's ue rst ni n  re vo tonry theo, pr ulr y as rete t ua Ca, te Sovit  an te aticll wars of  tna  -

erato? t is vr cear ta o e teational lve th re e ne  posi ios ein tn t a t re mor i porta i cou ntr  p at s hih av en postins tan hey ar in ur stru hch s s ratur ha t we pla ie par in ths nternaonal trug  t crcatn  hes un ve r sntic as So I oe   you spea  s lem CRAL Yo see I thin tat  ins f str  i raton be a ro p  laws  ap caton o these ls  a certa case as. ay a tes on h nr o ut mayb ny sme mbe nl n t s ae n siene yu k water ols at 00 C. It's a a atraly t t ct that w ar pa   deees, ths s a speca ht s i  f w



  u e easrn arehetts t t sae An his s ls n at e e en u  p n h mon tains ts w is ot tre Nwton n ny others   s t s e se bt Eisti dmnstat tht it is no ys true t is smtm  mp It's te sam  h d  h scet arat f  lrain su. Cuba Sviet Ui na Vie N, a   y, re er enttis i ths ontx Sometims yo a een exa cnts bte ei ol bcus  t n tu f er se icta   die its f te cutriesstrcal, o  s  I t tel y tha  e a prparn or u se n our  ct, w dnt ow  setu  rst time I face  k of Ma  T se -tun s in 1960 Our pay ws ct n 195. e kne less abot h strggl of ua, ut later w tred to kno th xprin f  pes. om experences e p as ease the ire as s t ht it woul waste e  sy m We t the xpriences f ot po p i r imprtant or o pr ncp  y to  n yu shou not  euse a yu a t  n yr ctry you ave t ceat rself T geneal lws ar vr mp Fr nstanc, th evm f the  rme d g   cuty characte ze d y acutur w mst, if t a  th popu tin ae  sas meas  v t do h strugle  as  Cina, n Viet Na or  my c-

tr Ma    h tw,   rcoie tha h is  o. Y ass t e  cunt  miz  psa u rcg that  easats ae  vy cut mblze nde  rta ctios, but yu . au th arme strgl

and  te  b step yu apra the owns i or t fns th ols F sa, ths s sctc:   colona war r is  tradicto. Wha s it? I is tha  the cal powr  r t ea omnae e cry as t dspe rse its frce s. In i ps its  rcs  boes weak-the rce s an sry thm. As u be gin to  desroy they ar old t netrate , but when te y ntte te  leave areas  h nty yu ca contr admin  s ter nd cre t strctures i  they can  ve estro yo. It's alas pssble Yu ca n ll m t's no pssble  n  United States, the  Unte d S tates

8

N O H O s ot a aicuua cot  ts ut  you stuy ee e cns   cnr e u l  t t lw s alo apliabl is  at I c tl , ese   a ery g obl t dus  I ueo you  st QUO (ctd) :  lk  rp par of  t Im rng t gt at    ng p  cre nng c t  t up  Cnk, i ou v ce  the e tio perces f he outes I mo? Wa k of liteaue  o ra? T po tt  a rg o   s    of gn a ton tr. I ud std  dres  conree dtio I  t o h  ve hg  coo  a seifeal ito  slsow e xeree of g fr apits o sci le e ant voloary xe  e wor)  gaew yu wee able  et  a trai g om i hih ce we xpse o hi infro ABAL  he ging we elhe in t u c a pocl sc o  Abt e us eple ce fro  cnry by p W r k ar  Wre a e t do w a Ho o  i a s or nemy? Wo  is this en a can e d ns us at s u ouy  s u out-th e s se b sep, lng r eal ciis d piig t e t  we at it ad wy e  t ht in h Pous o a se el sme ste  se, a prac e peieces u e rbl  oing o fe  seme soe o tb sie  si s a r i oe eve  cpai o oals

If he  Marxis h y know ht a d tt ptlim eaed al the c dns  siis The n is  wer ted but nev asse. Een e  s e   s i n  eao or te fe r se-feu tib si  jum to socal-t  its t a roem  png I' a prc ess f eeo. Y hve   sals e eo base o yur w t ia oal o   gt. T a do oest  cs me   he t ene te yo are c omni, s to know r omehn ik hs. To ave dology w i your on co ditn. ha

 a   outy his: t a  o eloo  u eoe o  t  o y a e  

8

ntng th Stes a ay o oto  s  s ay  euc o epleh mae, t ces t mas- ts  F t e ae kng s  se, a he msre ecessa to vi ths ei. Hw We ge t o eop te su en o ontr te pepl ed An e gi  u eop all pii  p e te c y   e f he ow i r, f an Ae coe he  s y re ig socis  yu coury Ts s  responbty f im  e nt proccp w b yu see We re cd  t t f te thg,   ar ·o, w  r ig t wha chaces e e cat fo eazig t aim T a oe ocees tat sed  fa o se t to eing i sc Bu oe of e sc a ig a ae mpn s pa   ot a s We ave to ce  r  ir f h s ini r n r i t ni of  hir,    riente a o a   j w f gs an eqai Eql of canc o l pe i he rem e roble o eq  y f cn is s wh I ca el yu T s a vry i ci if yu wat somng lke hi

QESTIN: Wha direc elinhp does the OA  av i yur r? Yo enin h OAU srl s n I rd m g au  h OU, bu  wan  kn r  t t  bn u   ,    n  ? CABRL: Y they a go  elatios. N w c   tl  w re nry mbrs of  OAU, ec use at the la st conrnce in Rab, th mid he ecognzd ron vees, lik m r,  rcpa n  ebat cnrnn i wn es. Te ltins r vr d. W v  p f th OAU, lke I s-ot o  tin, ut  re ring  irese s e an w hin h in ou n s yb x e  wl be  mmr full ber of the OAU.

ESTON ot'  D ou see   te in f frc? CBRL: A  eal org anizan f Afrca? It dpens. Nw

t  the re  i Afrc   i  r  t  i c a g  h ir is in i bs to   Ntal, me  r eas e A o



E TO THE OR  l  mak or n a PanAficaim ab. B w woul lk ou to consr  t a etn ee brothrs ad sstrs r o nfore no nl ur lnks  blo, n  so b o  a s. I am e a to a b   u an I eel    s o ossb t  t ou or Ta ou  muc



New Ye's Msse  is the N Yer's Mesage oj Jan, 7 de-

lvrd by Cr  th PAIG.  was   wrte  me by bra o the peope of Gue an e C Vere ans   rsect i   poic sme o m1 car Cbl  ths ocunt  a:8s ha rogrs has b m n te ure o e rge et t m

Comes, Cmatrots, At thi time s e meate a ne ar o ie and stru e, d a e n c our peope's g or ependence is te yers d, I must remd even-miitnts es, ades ad respnsie pe n our Prty-t i is tm fr actin ad no rds At that mut da ecome mor vigrs nd eectve in Gine in der o inct greaer eeats  te tuese cnists an t rev all tr vi an rimin petensins o reoqeing ur ount ctio, oo, a must devep ay an ecome me rgaized i the ape Vede isands so as to ead the stru nt  e as,  ny it the asiraons f or eope a t re our cotry reents of e tot lieratin I ish, ever to epect trdt y adrsg a fe ors o  at a tie e a se pelethse  nt ac lert ad pness r  men-ree ther pes a eef n a etter ie o hmanty ie  t ad n t pedenc and rs o al eoples

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RTUN TO THE SOURCE

peop n Gue  based n t one ult    le an s  m sup  a Aan popes a  rnm as l a ht  th antclonlt and ants es  the r It aso adheres t e rl  t Unit Naon Cte a   esuon dopt b  nrnn orgnizn nob n t 27 sson. Noing n cmnl actio  llusonst manoe b  Puus loists n st u Aric eop, ast  ther own detes an awr f    s ad us, m k s dev and tnnnt se tow th emet o th nmena objee o  le: th cnqe of nnl ndpendn nd te bn, n esor pa t xus  rand iiy   s tue anement ton   i on hren bneah t go ios   u Paty. Te artcuar morac f t omo f   Na a

Pr Asembl  o e  pamt of   Stt f Gn

n of  raon of s correpondn exeutve mmbers who wi be  netr proa, nir l   i xi

necsly  imle mu  reae  onbls  fo o peple,

ad n priur for  man, t ghters, he oanirs nd e des  r P Tese  so une akns de-

mn r o an aiy ic on ou ar, rr tt  sre  eter  aon urte  av  o ensur b

hot. W m k about  e sec prol at w  t eov in su  wy as to  nd h  bs solutn f t ner  pariu ni  ou cu a  strug.

Te ukn ao eqr tht  nensfy ad f uth eop or oicl ad mtr con  Gune wth,

hoeer, neig th imoant cis  at w a an ou n  e eonmic  oi n ultua ed. Ty dema t  cess u loy th nssa eo fo te advan of  e oiil sle n e C Vee snds    de 

that or  el houd s oo as  possible mv int systeatc drect acin  t Po ugse oloniaist.

er e onios  cnnot fr one momn r t  re  r n h h ma enemy o ou epl and o Afia-e f Pruse oloii nr  th oo n r f her peope n by uneran novre an e t e imnl nnton and an oe o detryn o ry f annn  sugle n rcoon r peopl Ou atn an t st  u

6

 Ys Mse ene and or ust b dd t th amd rule, t a o concre ac  b o l n u nanal armed ore W mus aso  13, set in mo a or n n ti paiiy  aiy n rer o jet n eer es no  s on a ons and xra  s po f  ms a  xnce  , ry o i even ter bs on the coot em by esn a en lr nmber o  n fore Fo t ior o coni r as el a u own exene oer n ys o sr  g us t h cooni  grr-an e orese cooil aeos in prtiula on udeand h l o r nd n easur t   nr of crse   ue   2 e nite  deeats d mn loses on e Portuuese os n a fw as ur nom ion See wil  e ccount f r aion oer t pa yer, w i e il reot b or bodn sa "Rio L s   y ohr en  inoma tion Bu e m eogie  e ene, osen ore ane nd lioers pro y s  in NTO as sinn r  in  eris rds ains o ir i;   m an i es o eate l ontio fo us   o f te reoccpao  a ern mer f cies n e rgos Abov all, w us ecnz th  th mno, rm n eern   poss  co n o e do re d et er i is  we  d nd cray   n 13 eey a  re goin t  mo owrul ms and e ntrs of r on al fros  asin ose o  eer numbr f ber aned ds and r trene y ge erienc we ar gon  mk or ecien u o ll  men rsenly t u po and o tose a e i e n e utu ncn div d m bs o e crmnl os Pae o ou inion of rmd on  al rnts     of evon ur cio ein an a  et of  nmy n wr t e self o e mot sur  ws o onule e oo milnt h  hi de o, ve ni me imo ls anst e e ovr h pt yer ricl n Bu Bfata an la Bu   l dw vone's tton o  n t 7

ETU TO THE SURC

Wle I nralate e mres wo boh  Gine ad  he Cap d i, hae be r plc r u the pa ya  ecrae veryoe  ouble eir eors  soai nd eveopg e plical nques f he ar ad th uggl  ha ah a t ptcal ou  ai o e a,    te he wil be ad ier, egh e idesrucble nt of u people he vtal  of  us  ur sgle In s way, n he aea f suty d cnrl  n ll b enghn ard he y a r ae , ans al e w ecaue o opotum, m and ral eane  sly tas h eney igh t  etr u y ad onen he ju ru f ou pepe or penee On h a Vere lans t eens  eee 972. whc fre the r ah te he laio of he Achpelag d te c f con ro  c agai o  l o tni ou  e  u ain  oauig  pars o Paia  S w ad wth courg d cs · i t  o cti b  ola ad tir a, I w  oe hem otialy to impro hr ai io o a wh rs a whou alow   o y the Naoalt ad, ad to ee thel  r  me wih hr ac  e  pae   s   eago, whch i cd ha  t ii u n f he rguese colonasts. I h   ta he Pa excve  e emd h v o  vh ito eg te rug n te  d i Loking   te re ara a n a t c lex  he c r t b l  ha me cer  rget  m   oc wh a eai odca ne e stcure o the r to  a ai numer  cma t vote teml  t e el met  h stugge  he e Ve la S a  ca  be ooed t th net meg o th art xecte S  he oit t, I ra te atton o the ae  the vrit o the n re tat we ve t s  an ece aer, robes rg m the e c ve  th devem o the g hch w  ee 

N Years Messge

p by he rclama   ste f G:  e err pe  pm  he am ees; crein f trg bde f r avie a e e  e pplai i iea  all s mpe eles e. ad n he exerr azati, ntrl an pr eco  mg , her tio a a  p ib  sos mblzn r  rggle  hu gin n  kns  eaon t b eahed  e nraal n T re eay new prblms a vy   ha  ms uy eepy and rel n me Te prean  r ad lcal k us n hever ake s e  eestmat e mpae f ur aivies  e em a  ua on whch ae the fudaons f  n ife e e e e he lb eaed rio. W mu l eealy he cadre who ecize n ee atter pa  be aentin  h proem f he ecoo eal sia weare, eao  cure,   mrove or rk iican a e able  ele e va ol w ae  ace n th new hae of u sug.  is  vew we ms no steafaly a erne e  o r mr ne e ng  te po e proet f lvig onios fo he ul, axes, he exher, h  n ie  we   eah, e m w wi use, e as wel a he knd f ol criy t e eove as n  xrece scoo curae a he fomng o n tr r naioal recntuc a the blg   ele's roges S ma ne rbe cm lex cran bt nvan, a e m s   ciue o en a el vos oiicolta a to expel e cla tros rom t os te ti y  ue ad he Cpe Vee lads The ci go n the Par wl ave to dve their ateon  te  a ouo  te rob, i o  ccoi hr   owad te epl. I h e  he aty exetv I gtulate t agrcua okrs  ne for the s th avese ast ea eit t act  a I h  nag them   mre  b  ear  ensr     s   e ls te n be  u e a tge an h ug t t etr  b e a  e e  101

RN TO THE SOURC un ortuese the sen t ar glrousy a in va. o  ms gi�st ou pulac; Th wl the l mke a l more mps at desoYOg  Py   our struggl Whou t a dobt y l take shaess aessv atn agns  neighbor ng couries. But al n vai F   m,  no use f fr,   nur n wr or d  th mn Porguse conl g sss  be al to top h rch o sory, he evrsile mrch of our own Ac  pop l of Guie nd the Cae Vere Islns owars their  nepdece Foar comds an m p a tros  the hstorc or Naona erin Hh long fe nd crs success to  Afrc Poe ur ourageus ghers to a th  tnt ganzes nd ads o our gret Pt! Lt us roim e exnce of or tte n Gui  a vanc h he corous sugle o or pel n h Cape Vre sas o  he P AIGC, srenth ad gd f our peo in ne and the Ce Verde Islns Dh o he cm a  Port use colonia ggessrs !

1

Furthe Readigs at olws s a surey o setd raur elvant t    Acar Cara an the strue hich e ed  ts r t s sused h h st sue a redr so use s t ng o Comr abra himsf Mre oen an nt the enfu ns n d p  of Cabra's tngs s not  pntd t h hs  mn  n ts lphy sung te foong dton orks y Comra ara I ral mcr, "In nse of th Land; "emau t  Puues ornmt Wtn n 952 n 1960 res pectively, ths an h e tngs o Car an b fond (trstd it Engish) n mrging Nationais in Portus Arica edited by Rod io Safrd Hoover stiutio 1972 Tough $500 his colectio is we wor waver eor is cessary o obi i. I icuds fr exe br' s pogt 1 96  s eme bo the "Deh Pags o f mpris ) 2 bra icar he Wr i Poruese Giea Arican Rvuin 1 Je 13 03-0S

8 Cabral a, "The tul n Ineail Socist Jur, . (Agus  964) 4·46 Ts at by th Africa Researc p as  1 It s no avla th Inra Src 4. Cbl a "at ts ea Frm W i," he ew f IV. e, 196) 85.  7

RTUR T  UR h   el  ' brl  the PA e he leted re  ang  he nsment o  e Te ntee  ndcted y ee Gnwl  Sth Afrc de  er edit of te i

Stanrd.

  mc ine e Power  A" Ticonnel I, (ne, 1 96 9) -16 i ece 

e se eaorai n o te easa  m lized n e ely saes of e ue I  lso l able   go colecion  aalse m l te m  n t tese coloes me Pouguse onies: V o  Dh, rien v 9, 8 p

 Caal, Ami evoluion n Guinea: n Afican People'S

rugge elected Texts S ae I, ndon , 969 142 pp an Revoluton n Gunea eleced ets, M on h y Review Press NwYok 1 970 174 pp . Bot of ts  coectons  br's speehs and wiings

7. abr icr "P: mic d gte  r onen Hava uyOc 1970 2-9  16774_ Ti  esenaly  exc o e Jne 9 "oe

oference n Supr  he eole o te ortee one The ull de  b Cbal nd e he majr ees ae able  Lb  in uguse C Inia eace n & Ind As sociaio or san Sidariy eople' blin House New Delhi, 1970, 2 pp.

8.

08

Cbl Amcar , "Rept  Porgse Guie nd te Liber ao Moement," I Ufahamu, V  I, No. 2 Uv f  Ca ornia, os Angeles (Fa 170) 69-13. ull x f aal's 1 7 apeaane be H� Sbcmmtee on ican Aa ha d by Conean Ds.  ts ccsi  aing  si auee e See Geeas eess and oial cai iers wa e M f ro ubcotee memCahylike qusining ber s ike Deiki  Ilino. The orgin ocme (rert iven er ar  26, 1 970 to  N inetFirt nes, scond sssi) ca be ane    ni ee r  he  venmen Pntin Oe e oemen er it 

Fte Rd

lus abras 69 e t e Oaniion o can ns ib.eai� oitee meein in aar, Seea 9. abr, Alcr A Be Repr o e itio  e te angst 1 97 1 ) ." n Ufhmu Vo I No 3 wtr, 9 pp. 2 0 Cbra, micar, Ou epe Ae Ou Mu ent o see n qesins/answer; enal Hal, London, Ocber 97 aiable om mee fr eedom n Mame, Anoa an e,  Lle o et, Lodn W2H 7 J e uale cein o abra recnt tht  eecin e esions ose  t te sene  ts mhet   . a�rl mca " ma a b A aral ou A zc I,  (rua 197) 6 psd by St Aric Comiee, 2 W. 7 St, e Yrk 00 u a ben wi au ad a ara. d0 uc e w e rin e on ae  few ares  oge convey a u iressi o ou len cae  me, Frz "iar a An Edoa Psa m I 4 nua 7 4 + ineiew  x 118, ate S. Mae, On, Canaa. 13 B aana  qino, a Longe rce d'n ouare Aian, Afriq A s e XI, 5 (Fea 18 7 

4

Ccte, R, Te Poitic hug of A bra!," Jua of Md Aa Studies' VI, 3, 1 96 8) 373-

88

15 Dvdo as rle o Aca abal, Wes  A XV , 64 . 1 6.

Dvdson, Basi, "abr al' Monmen, New Stsman

(. 6  3 

M agane. Bead, "Amcar  Cr l: Evouton of  Reluionary Thougt,"  Ufhamu, I, 2 (Fa, 1 97 ) -88. 8 lnte aon Oce  b Infmain, Objev Jus 1 7.

h(e (Feaa, 93 ssue eoed o abral

1 9.

e, ick , "A Song of  Word Rolution : In Amilcar  abr al, Institute f  the Black W ord  Moty

 Re-



TURN TO  SU port, Febru, 1 97 3 . 8 Chesu See SW. Ala,

Ga 14

2 Ufaam ll 3 (Winte, 1973 special issue)  This issue contains soe o Cabal's earliest wtings a some good aaltical rtiles aia tes: Te Cae Veres ad te PAI trge  Naa Liberati  Sal udi M a tt e"Teory f Revuti an Baud t s Assassiat b Eduard }'erreiraulure d Hstry in  Revoluta Ctex" y Mz Hubrd e PAI G tut ara A Assesset"  erar aliand-HBibligraia Meial  Alr Cr  Fras Kregay. astly a d  s imra, Crade Cara us  vewe ii e tet f te epe of Guie ad eir isra s  ggle e fol lowing seleced bks a arties p  acuate ture f e ature f Prt ue e lm  e  a ti oal lbeao strugle

2  Calian, Ga d Stule i fia Month Reiew Pess, New o, 1 6, 42 p 2. a oa, Texeia, Guinea  Lisbon, 54, 2 vols 23 Davo, ai, The Lbeio of G: pt of a fa Revoluton, wit a oewo by Amilca Cabal,Pengin atimoe, 9, 167 p 24. u, Jaes, Pota  fia Pngin, Baltioe, 962. 25 eandes Gl, "Tlk h a uea Reolu ioa a  I 1 (rg 170) 6 1   a fank  cise   s Guinea cmrade  abrals descbes h sg gl gig mu ifatin abut te rev o tioay sa n undeay 26 an a ester este  rtugas Afria ars" Eat   Universiy Cleg, Nair Jue 97  79 +

2 ie, m, Portguese Afrca ad  Wet Pengui, Haronswo, Egan 2, 67 pp an Month R iew Pre, e Yo,  3, 200  8 Rudebeck ars iica Mbzai i GuBu J  Md ia S (a I, 197 1-18,  udes detailed i nfomatin o te ltica edcain pr gra f he AIG 29. Uie d Ns Oe f uic matio, Mo  uea   s a , " New York 72.

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