Salah(3)-Adhan

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Study of the book

FIQH USUS-SUNNAH -SUNNAH DR. IBRAHIM DREMALI

AMERICAN OPEN UNIVERSITY In cooperation with

Islamic Center of Greater Austin (Masjid Khadijah and Nueces Masjid) and Sunnahfollowers.net

The Call to Prayer

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ADHAN The virtues and rulings of the call to ra er Adhan

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Fiqh us-Sunnah us-Sunnah (Salah (Salah Pt.3 - Adhan)

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Definition of of Adhan 

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A call to inform others oth ers in specific words that the time for a prayer has begun. It begins with the greatness of ALLAH, pointing to His existence and perfection. It mentions His Oneness and the denial of polytheism It confe confers rs the messe messenge ngersh rship ip of Prophe Prophett Mohammed (peace be upon him)

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The Virtues & Excellence of the Adhan 

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Abu Hurairah reported that the Prophet (sallAllahu alayhi wasallam) said, “If the people knew what was in the Adhan and the first row, row, and they could not get it except by drawing lots, they would draw lots. If they knew the reward for praying the noon prayer early in its time, they would race to it. And if they knew the reward for the night and the morning prayers in congregation, they would come to them even if they had to crawl.”

Muawiyyah Muawiyyah reported that the Prophet (sallAllahu alayhi wasallam) said, “The callers to prayer prayer will have the longest necks of all people on the Day of Resurrection.” [Muslim [Muslim,, Ahmad, Ibn Majah] Al-Barr Al-Barraa ibn Aazib reported reported that the the Prophet Prophet (sallAl (sallAllahu lahu alayhi alayhi wasallam wasallam)) said, “Allah and His angels a ngels pray upon those in the first firs t rows. And the caller calle r to prayer is forgiven, for as far as his voice reaches and whoever hears him will confirm conf irm what he says. says. He will get a reward reward similar to those who pray pray with him.” [Ahmad, Nasa’ee] Dremali Foundation


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How Ho w the Adhan Adha Ad han n was wass Le wa Legi Legislated gisl slat ated ed The The Ad Adhan han was was made made part part of the the Shari' Shari'ah ah during during the first year after the migration to Madinah. 

Nafa' related that Ibn 'Umar said, "The Muslims would ather and calculate calculate the time of ra er, er, and no one would call them. them. They spoke about about that one day. day. Some said, 'We 'We should have have a bell like the Christians.' Christians .' Others said, said , 'We 'We should have have a horn like the Jews.' Suggest Suggested ed 'Umar 'Uma r, ‘Why don't don't we have one person person call call the others other s to prayer?' The Messeng Mes senger er of Allah Allah said, said , 'Stand, 'St and, Bilal, Bilal, and make the call to prayer." [Buk [Bukhari hari,, Ahmad Ahmad]]

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Wordin W ording g of the Adhan 

Reported Reported 'Abdullah 'Abdullah ibn (Zaid (Zaid ibn) 'Abd 'Abd Rabbih, Rabbih, "When the Prophet Prophet was was to order order the use of a bell to call the people to prayer, he disliked it because it resembled the Christian practice. practice . While I was sleeping, sleeping , a man came to me carrying carry ing a bell. I said to him, 'O slave slave of Allah, will you sell me that bell?' Said he, he , 'What would you do with it?' I replied, 'I would would call the people to prayer prayer with it.' Said he, 'Shall I not guide you to something somethin g better than th an that?‘ I said, 'Certainly 'Cer tainly.'.' Said he, he , 'You 'You should say, say, Allahu akbar, akbar, Allahu Allahu akbar, akbar, Allahu Allahu akbar, akbar, Allahu Allahu akbar. akbar. Ashhadu Ashhadu alla ilaha illal-lah, illal-lah, ashhad ashhadu u alla alla ilaha ilaha illall illallah, ah, Ashhad Ashhadu u anna anna Muhamm Muhammad ad ar ar-Rasoo -Rasool-l l-lalal-lah lah,, ashhadu ashhadu anna Muhammadar Muhammadar-Raso -Rasool-lal-l ol-lal-lah. ah. Ha Hayya 'alas-sal 'alas-salah, ah, hayyah hayyah ' . ' , ' . , . ilaha ilaha illalillal-lah lah.' .' Then he went a short distance distan ce away away and said, 'When you stand for the prayer, say, 'Allah 'Allahu u akbar akbar,, All Allahu ahu akbar akbar.. As Ashha hhadu du alla alla ilaha ilaha illalillal-lah lah,, Ashha As hhadu du anna anna Muhamm Muhammad ad ar-Ra ar-Rasoo sool-l l-lalal-lah lah Hayy Hayya a 'alas'alas-sal salah, ah, hayya hayya 'alal'alalfalah. falah. Qad Qad qaamatisqaamatis-salah salah,, qad qaamatis-s qaamatis-salah. alah. Allahu Allahu akbar, akbar, Allahu Allahu akbar. akbar. La ilaha ilaha illal-lah. illal-lah.’’ When the morning came, I went went to the Messenger of Allah to tell him what I had seen. He said, 'Your 'Your dream is true, true , Allah willing. willin g. Go to Bilal, tell him what you have seen, and tell him to make the call to prayer, for he has the best voice among you.' you.' I went went to Bilal Bilal and told him what to do, and he made the call to prayer prayer.. 'Umar was in his house when he heard it. He came out with his cloak, saying 'By the One who has raised you with the truth, I saw similar to what he saw.' The Prophet, upon whom be peace, pe ace, said, 'To 'To Allah is the th e praise pr aise." ." [Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah, Ibn Khuzaimah Khuza imah , Tirmi Tirmidhi] dhi] Dremali Foundation


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How Ho w the Adhan Adhan iiss Made Made There are three ways ways to make the Adhan 1)

Make Make four four takbir at the beginning beginning and say say the rest rest of the phrases twice, without any repetition, except for the last statem statement ent of of la illaha illaha illa-la illa-lah. h. ◦

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The Adhan would would be made up of fifteen phrases, phrases, as in the prece ng a o ' u a .

Make fou Mak fourr takbi takbirr and then then rep repea eatt ashh ashhadu adu an la la ilah ilahaa illa illalllah, twice, and ashhadu ashhadu anna Muhammad Muhammad ar-Rasoo ar-Rasool-lal-lah l-lal-lah twice, in a low voice, then repeat them again in a louder voice. ◦

Abu Mahzhura reported that the Prophet, upon whom be peace, taught him an Adhan consisting consisting of nineteen nineteen phrases. [Related by the five] Dremali Foundation


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Make Make two two takbir takbir and repeat repeat the the "statements "statements of witness," making the number of phrases seventeen. ◦

Abu Mahzhurah Mahzhurah related related that the Prophet, Prophet, upon whom be peace, taught him the following adhan: Allahu akbar akbar, Allahu Allahu akbar akbar. Ashhadu Ashhadu alla ilaha ilaha illal-la illal-lah, h, ashhadu ashhadu alla alla ilaha ilaha illalillal-la lah. h. As Ashha hhadu du an anna na Muham Muhamma mad d ar ar-Ras -Rasool ool-lal-lah lal-lah,, ashhadu ashhadu anna Muhamma Muhammad d ar-Ra ar-Rasool sool-lal -lal-lah -lah.. Then Then rep repea eatt as ashh hhad adu u alla alla ilah ilahaa illa illall-la lah h (twi (twice ce), ), ashh as hhadu adu an anna na Muham Muhamma mad d ar ar-Ras -Rasool ool-la -lal-l l-lah ah (twic (twice) e),, hayy ha yyaa 'ala 'alass-sa sala lah h (twic (twice) e),, ha hayy yyaa 'alal 'alal-fa -fala lah h (twic (twice) e).. Allahu Allahu akbar akbar, Allahu Allahu akbar akbar. La ilaha illal-la illal-lah.“ h.“ [Muslim]

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The Morning Adhan It is is part of the the Shari' Shari'ah ah that the the caller caller to to pray prayer say say, “As-sa “As-salaat laatu u khairun khairun min annaum (pray (prayer is is better better than than sleep) sleep) in the morning Adhan. 

Abu Mahzhurah Mahzhurah asked asked the Prophet, Prophet, upon whom be be peace, peace , to teach teach him h im the Adhan, and he h e told told him, hi m, "If it is the morning morning Adhan, say say, as-s as-sal alaa aatu tu kh khai airu run n min min anannaum, naum, as-sal as-salaat aatu u kh khari ariun un min annaum annaum.. Allahu akbar, akbar, Allahu akbar. akbar. La illaha illal-lah.” illal-lah.” [Ahmad, Abu Dawud]

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The Iqamah There are three ways to perform the Iqamah: 

Saying Saying the the first first takbir four times times and and everything everything else twice, with the exception of the last statement of la ilah ilahaa illa illall-la lah. h. ◦

u a z ura sa a e rop e , upon w om e peace, taught him the iqamah iqamah consisting consisting of seventeen seventeen phrases: phrases: Allahu akba akbarr (4 time times) s),, ashh ashhad adu u alla alla ilah ilaha a illa illall-la lah h (twi (twice ce), ), ashhad ashhadu u anna anna Muhamm Muhammad ad arRaso arRasoolol-lal lal-la -lah h (twice (twice), ), hayy hayya a 'alas-sala 'alas-salah h (twice), (twice), hayya hayya 'alal-fala 'alal-falah h (twice), (twice), qad qaamatis-s qaamatis-salah alah (twice), (twice), Allahu Allahu akbar, akbar, Allahu Allahu akbar akbar. La ilah ilaha a illa illal-l l-lah ah.. [Related by the five]

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To say the beginning and ending takbir, and the phrase qad qaamatus-sala qaamatus-salah h twice. Everything Everything else is to to be said once, once, making eleven phrases. ◦

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This is is based based on the prece preceding ding hadi hadith th of 'Abdul 'Abdullah lah ibn ibn Zaid: Zaid: "When you stand for the prayer prayer,, say say "Allahu akbar, akbar, Allahu akbar. akbar. Ashh As hhad adu u alla alla illa illaha ha illa illall-la lah, h, ashh ashhad adu u an anna na Mu Muha hamm mmad ad ararRasoolAllah. RasoolAllah. Hayya Hayya 'alas-salah 'alas-salah,, ha hayya yya 'alal-falah. 'alal-falah. Qad qaamatissalah, qad qaamatis-salah. Allahu akbar, akbar, Allahu Allahu akbar. akbar. La illaha illal-lah.

The same same as in the the prece preceding ding,, but Qad Qad qaamatus qaamatus-sal -salah ah is said only once, making a total of ten phrases. Imam Malik chose this way, way, because he found the people of Madinah performing it thus. But says Ibn al-Qayyim, "It is not proven that the Messenger Messenger of Allah ever ever said 'Qad qaamatus-sala qaamatus-salah' h' only once." Ibn 'Abdul-Barr is of the view, "In every case, it is said twice." Dremali Foundation


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What is said during the Adhan It is preferred preferred that whoever whoever is listening to the Adhan repeat it with the caller, caller, except for the two hayya hayya 'alas-salah, hayya hayya 'alal-fal 'alal-falah ah phrases, phrases, after which which he should should say say La haul haula a wa la quw quwat atah ah illa illa bi bill llah ah (the (therre is is no no pow power or mig might ht save Allah). 

u a n mr re a e a e essenger o a , upon w om be peace, said, "If you hear the call to prayer, repeat after it. Then supplicate for me, for whoever makes one supplication for me, Allah makes ten for him. Then ask Allah to grant me the place of wasilah. It is a place in Paradise reserved for a slave from among the slaves of Allah. Allah . I hope h ope to t o be him, and whoever asks Allah to grant g rant me the place of wasilah, my intercession intercession becomes permissible for him." [Muslim]

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Jabir reported that the Prophet said, "Whoever "Whoever says (after) hearing the th e call to prayer, 'O Allah, Lord of this complete call and of the established prayers, grant Muhammad the place of wasilah, the most virtuous place and raise him to a praiseworthy praiseworthy position that you have promised him,' will have my intercession made permissible for him on the Day of Judgement. [Bukhari]

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The Du’aa Du’a Du ’aa a After Aft fter er the the Adhan After the Adhan, one should make individual supplications, as that is the time when they will most likely be accepted. 

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Anas reported that the Prophet, Prophet, upon whom be peace, said, "A su lication ma made be between th the Adhan and th the i amah is not rejected.“ rejected.“ [Abu Dawud, an-Na an-Nasaee saee,, Tirmid Tirmidhi] hi] Abdullah Abdullah ibn ibn 'Amr 'Amr relate related d that a man man said, said, "O Messeng Messenger er of Allah, the callers to prayer prayer get more virtues vir tues than us." He said, "Say what they say and when they finish, ask and it shall be given." [Abu Dawud]

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Conditions to be met by the caller to prayer It is preferred preferred that he meet the following following conditions: 

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It is a must that he make make the Adhan for Allah's sake sake and not for wages. He should be clean from major or minor impurities. ◦

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Shafiyyah: making the call while one is not in a state stat e of cleanliness is permissible although alt hough disliked. According to Ahmad, the Hanafiyyah and others, it is permissible permissibl e and is not disliked.

He should be standing and facing the Qiblah He should turn with his head, neck and chest to the right upon saying saying "Hayya "Hayya 'alas-salah" 'alas-salah" and to the left upon saying saying Hayya Hayya 'alalfal 'alalfalah. ah.”” Dremali Foundation


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He should insert his index fingers into his ears. ◦

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He should raise his hi s voice for the call, even even if he h e is alone in i n the desert. ◦

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Talking of his practice, practice , Bilal said, "I put my index fingers into my ears and made the Adhan. Adhan. [Abu Da Dawud wud and Ibn Ibn Hibban] Hibban]

'Abdullah 'Abdullah ibn 'Abdurah 'Abdurahman man related related from from his his father father that that Abu Sa'eed Sa'eed alKhudri said to him, "I see that you love the the sheep and the desert. If you are with your sheep or in the desert, then raise your voice while , , distance of your voice will be a witness for fo r you on the Day of Resurrection...I heard the Messenger of Allah sa s ay that." [Bukhari, Ahmad, an-Nasa‘ee an-N asa‘ee and Ibn Maja Majah] h]

He should pause between between each phrase phrase during the Adhan and be quick in making the Iqamah. He should not speak during durin g the Iqamah. Some scholars dislike that he should even speak during the Adhan, although al-Hasan, 'Ata and Qata Qa tada dah h perm permit it it. Dremali Foundation


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The Adhan Adha Ad han n be bef before for ore e and and at at the the beginning of prayer time The Adhan is to be made exactly at the beginning of the prayer prayer time, time , except for the morning prayer prayer,, when it may be said before be fore dawn (provided that the people are able to distinguish between the early Adhan Adhan and that of the proper proper time). 

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Abdullah ibn 'Umar related that the Prophet, Prophet, upon whom be peace, said, "Bilal "Bilal makes makes the Adhan Adhan during during the night, night, so eat and drink drink until you hear hear the azhan azhan of Ibn Umm Umm Maktum Maktum." ." [Bu [Bukha khari ri and Musl Muslim] im] The wisdom behind behind allowing the morning morning Adhan a little earlier is made clear in a hadith recorded recorded by Ahmad and and others from from Ibn Mas'ud: Mas'ud: "None of you should let Bilal's Adhan prevent prevent you you from the pre-da pre-dawn wn meal, as he is making the Adhan for those who are are praying praying to stop and for those who are are sleeping sleeping to get up." up." But Bilal made his his Adhan Adhan in exactly exactly the same wa way as the regular Adhan.

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Leaving the Mosque after the Adhan (be Adhan (befo (before forre the the prayer) prayer) pra It is not allowed to leave the call unanswered or to leave the mosque after it has been made, unless there is some excuse or one has the intention to return for the prayer. 

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Abu Hurairah related that the Prophet, upon whom be peace, told them, "If one o you s n t e mosque an t e ca s ma e, e s ou not ea e ave t e mosque until he prays." [Ahmad] It is also related that Abu Hurairah Hurairah said about a man who left the mosque after the call had been made, "That man has disobeyed Abu al-Qasim (the Prophet, upon whom be peace)." [Muslim] Mu'azh Mu'azh at-Jahni at-Jahni related related that the Prophet Prophet said, said, "It is the utmost apath apathyy and sign of disbelief and hypocrisy that one who hears the call of Allah to salvation does not respond." respond." [Ahmad and at-Tabarani] Dremali Foundation


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Other related issues 

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The Ad Adhan han and Iqamah Iqamah for for Those Those Who Who Missed Missed the Proper Time of Prayer Prayer The The Ad Adha han n an and d Iqam Iqamah ah for for Wom omen en Entering the Mosque After the Prayer Prayer Is Finished The Time Be Between th the I amah and th the Pr Pra er The Iqamah Iqamah of One Who Is Not the Designated Designated Caller Caller Extraneous Additions to the Adhan Singing the Adhan, Dhikr and Adhan, To sa sayy aloud "Peace and blessings upon the Messenger" after the Adhan

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UESTIONS Q Q Q UESTIONS Q azakum Allah Kha ran May Allah SWT increase our knowledge! AMEEN

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Salah(3)-Adhan

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