ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻴﺔ
ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺩ .ﻋﻼﺀ ﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ
ﺩ .ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ
ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ
ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ
ﻋﻀﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯل ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ : ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻱ .ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003ﻜﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻤـﻊ
ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠـﺱ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﺭ ﻟﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ .ﺘﺘﻭﻟﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺭﻀﺎ ﻭﺇﻴﻀﺎﺤﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨـﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠـﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼـﺔ ﺒﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯل .ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﻭﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻓـﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺍﺘﺨـﺫ ﻤـﻥ UBC97ﻜﻭﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ،ﻭﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﺯﻻﺯل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ .ﻭﺍﻷﻤل ﻤﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺎﺕ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻟـﺩﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯل ﻫﻭ IBC2000ﺃﻭ .IBC2003 ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺴﻠﺔ : ﺩ .ﻋﻼﺀ ﺴﺭﺍﺝ ﻤﻼﺌﻜﺔ
ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ
ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ -ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ
ﺹ .ﺏ ، 800ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ ،11421ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ
ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ
[email protected] :
-1ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ : ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻷﻭل ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ .IBC2000ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ) . ( ICCﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺇﻨﺸـﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠـﺱ ﺍﻟﻜـﻭﺩ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻟﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ .ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ International Conference of Building Officials :ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﻭﺩ UBCﻭ Building Officials and Code Administrators Internationalﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﻭﺩ BOCAﻭ Southern Building Code Congress Internationalﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺼـﺩﺭ ﻜـﻭﺩ SBC ﺒﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ) . ( ICCﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻜـﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻤﻲ
IBC2000ﻭﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺩل ، IBC2003ﻭﻫـﻭ ﺃﻭل ﺍﻹﺼـﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟـﺔ .ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺴـﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ ﻜل ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ].[1
ﻭﻟﻌل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003ﻜﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜـﻭﺩ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺌﻡ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ.
ﺘﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻌﺭﺽ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ . IBC2003ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ .
-2ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003 1-2ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ . ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻟﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻴﺠﺩ ﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺒﻨـﻰ ﺒﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻜـﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ .ﻓﺘﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﺴﺦ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﻭﺩ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗل .ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻜﻭﺩ ،UBCﻓﻬﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴـﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﻘل ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ACI 318ﻭﻨﺴـﺨﻪ ﻟﻴﻜـﻭﻥ
ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼل ﺭﻗﻡ . 19
ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺒﺎﻻﻜﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻨﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻴـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻭﻀﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ .ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻤﻲ .IBC2003ﻓﻬﻭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻨﺎﺩ ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ACI 318ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺭﻗﻡ 19ﻋﻭﻀﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ .
ﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻟﺘﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨـﺩ ﺇﻋـﺩﺍﺩ ﻜـﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺤﺠﻤـﻪ. ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﻭﺩ UBC97ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺩﺍﺕ ،ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻜﻭﺩ IBC2003ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤـﻥ ﻤﺠﻠـﺩ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ .ﺃﻀﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜـﻭﺩ ﻴﺠـﺏ
ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻭﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﻪ .ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴـﺩ ﻟﻬـﺫﺍ
ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍ ﻴﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜـﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ .ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻨﺩﺓ .ﻭﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻜل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺘﺒﻠـﻎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺎﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺌﺎ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨـﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺱ .ﻭﻟﺫﺍ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻜل ﺴﺒﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ.
2-2ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ) ( Load Combination ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒـﺄﻱ ﺘﺼـﻤﻴﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻴﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﻭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ASCE 7- 98ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ IBC2003ﻭ .ACI 318-02ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ACI 318-02ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﺴـﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺠﺫﺭﻱ ] ،[2,3ﻭﻫﻭ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺼـﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻟﻜـﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ.
ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻜﻭﺩ IBCﻭ ACI318-02ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯل Eﺘﺤـﺕ ﺘـﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﻯ ) (Strength-levelﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺒـﺎﻟﺯﻻﺯل ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ .1ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴـل ﻓـﻲ ﻜـل ﻤـﻥ UBC94 ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻭ ACI318- 95ﻤﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻲ ﻋﻨـﺩ
ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ
) .(Service-levelﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل 1.4ﻤﻊ
ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍل ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ ،ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﻭل ) .(1
ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺨﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ،ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺠـﺩﻭل ) (2ﻓـﻲ ﻜـﻭﺩ ACI318-02 ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ،IBC2003ﻟﺘﺘﻭﺍﺌﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻷﻗل ﻹﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻷﻤـﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻟﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﻜﻭﺩ .ACI318- 95ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﺒﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﺩ UBC 97ﻤﻥ ﻀﺭﺏ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤـل 1.1
] [4ﻟﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻜﻭﺩ . ACI318- 95
ﺠﺩﻭل ) - (1ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻭﻯ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ACI318(95-02) ،IBC2003 ACI318- 95 )E (Service-level
ACI318- 02 )E (Strength-level
IBC2003 )E (Strength-level
1.4D+1.7L 1.05D+1.28L+1.28W 0.9D+1.3W 1.05D+1.28L+1.4E 0.9D+1.43E
)1.4(D+F )1.2(D+F+T)+1.6(L+H)+ 0.5(Lr or S or R )1.2D+1.6(Lr or S or R)+(1.0 L or 0.8W )1.2D+1.6W+1.0L+0.5(Lr or S or R 1.2D+1.0E+1.0L+0.2S 0.9D+1.6W+1.6H 0.9D+1.0E+1.6H
1.4D )1.2D+1.6L+0.5(Lr or S or R )1.2D+1.6(Lr or S or R)+(f1L or 0.8W )1.2D+1.6W+f1L+0.5(Lr or S or R 1.2D+1.0E+f1L+f2S )0.9D+(1.0E or 1.6W
ﺤﻴﺙ: = Dﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ.
= Lﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺔ.
= Wﺃﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺡ. = Eﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻲ. = Fﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﺍﺌل. = Hﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ.
= Tﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺯﺤﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻜﻤﺎﺵ. = Lrﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻑ. = Rﺤﻤل ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ. = Sﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺜﻠﻭﺝ.
= f1,f2ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ . IBC 2003 section 1605.2.1
ﺠﺩﻭل ) – (2ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺨﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ACI318- 95 , ACI318- 02 ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ
ACI318- 95
ACI318- 02
ﺍﻟﻌﺯﻭﻡ
0.90
0.90
ﺍﻟﻘﺹ ﻭﺍﻹﻟﺘﻭﺍﺀ
0.85
0.75
ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ )ﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺤﻠﺯﻭﻨﻲ(
0.75
0.70
ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ )ﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻜﺎﻨﺎﺕ(
0.70
0.65
ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ
0.70
0.65
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻗﻠﻘﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻜـﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003ﻫـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﻭل .3ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺨﻔﻴﺽ ﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﻤﻥ 10%ﺍﻟﻰ 14.5%ﻭﺒﻘـﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺨﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺯﻭﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ .0.9ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴـل
ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴـﺔ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﻴﻥ ﻴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺨﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻴﺨﻔﺽ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻷﻤـﺎﻥ ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼـﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸـﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ .
ﺠﺩﻭل ) - (3ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺫﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ACI318-02ﻭ ACI318- 95
5 1.145
4 1.141
3 1.135
U(ACI 318-95) = 1.4 D + 1.7 L U(ACI 318-02) = 1.2 D + 1.6 L )U(95)/U(02)=(1.4D/L+1.7)/(1.2D/L+1.6 D/ L 1 2 )U(95)/U(02 1.107 1.125
ﺤﻴﺙ:
= Uﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ. ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺩﺭﺝ ﺤﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ IBC2003ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ .
- 3 -2ﻗﻭﺓ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ): (Base Shear ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﺩ .UBC97ﻴﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺠﺩﻭل ) (4ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ UBC97ﻭ . IBC2003 ﻷﺨﺫ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺴﻁﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺹ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻤـﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ UBC 97ﻭﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻤﻲ
IBC2003ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ .ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺜﺎل ﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺴﻜﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻤﺴـﺔ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ
ﻭﺴﻴﺸﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺇﻨﻬـﺎ ) SBﺤﺴـﺏ ﺘﺼـﻨﻴﻑ ( UBC97ﻭ ) Bﺤﺴـﺏ ﺘﺼـﻨﻴﻑ ( IBC2003ﻤﻊ ﺍﺨﺫ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ .5.5 = R ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻟﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ]:[5-7 ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻲ 2Aﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻴﺔ B
ﻭﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ = . 0.054 W ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ) (1ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻲ . 1ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻴﺨﻔﺽ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ .
ﺠﺩﻭل ) -(4ﻗﻭﻯ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ UBC97ﻭ IBC2003 UBC 97 V = [Cv/(R/I)T] W ≤ [2.5 Ca/(R/I)] W ≥ 0.11 Ca I W
ﺤﻴﺙ:
= Vﻗﻭﺓ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ. = Wﺍﻟﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻲ. = Rﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ. = I,IEﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ.
= Tﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻫﺘﺯﺍﺯ.
IBC 2003 V = [SD1/(R/IE)T] W ≤ [SDS/(R/IE)] W ≥ 0.044 SDS IEW SDS = 2/3 SMS = 2/3 Fa SS SD1 = 2/3 SM1 = 2/3 Fv S1
= Cv,Caﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻭل 16-Qﻭﺠﺩﻭل 16-Rﻤﻥ .UBC 97 =Fv,Faﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻭل ) 1615.1.2(1ﻭﺠﺩﻭل ) 1615.1.2(1ﻤﻥ .IBC2003 =S1,SSﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺓ -1ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ .
=SM1,SMSﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻔﻲ ﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺯﻟﺯﺍل ﻤﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺓ -1ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ .
=SD1,SDSﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻁﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺓ -1ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ . ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC 2003ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ : ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺠﺩﺓ Ss= 0.43 g S1= 0.16 g Site class B ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﺤﺘﻤﺎل ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ %2ﺨﻼل 50ﻋﺎﻡ ]. [8 ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻗﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ = W
. 0.044ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻗل ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ %20ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻴﻴﺭ
ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ.
ﻭﺘﺠﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﻭﺩ IBC2003ﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ
ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ .ﻭﺘﺸﻤل ﺨﻁﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯل ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ،ﺃﻱ ﻗﺒل ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺼـﺩﺍﺭ ﻜـﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ.
-3ﺍﻟﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ : ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﺈﻴﻀﺎﺡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻜـﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻤﻲ IBC2003 ﻜﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ . ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :
.1ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻜﻭﺩ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻴﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌـﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﻭﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨـﺩﺱ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ.
.2
ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺨﻔﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﻯ ﻓـﻲ ﺤﺎﻟـﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺯﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ (φ= 0.9) IBC2003ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻤـﺔ
.3
ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺎ.
ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﺨﺎﺭﻁﺔ ﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘـﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﻜـﻭﺩ
IBC2003ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎل ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯل ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒـﻲ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ. ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻟﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻜﺘﻤل ﺇﻥ ﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ.
ﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻴﺸﻜﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ،ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﻟﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺒﺎﻟﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﺜﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ .ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﻭﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﺜﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻻﺯل.
ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ [1] International code council, International Building code, Country club Hills, IL, 2003. [2] ACI 318, Building code Requirement for Structural (previously Reinforced) concrete (ACI 318M) and commentary (ACI 318M), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1995 and 2002. [3] American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE Standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures, ASCE 7-95, SEI/ASCE 7-02, 1995 and 2002, respectively. [4] International Conference of Building Officials, Uniform Building code, Whittier, CA, 1997.
[5] Al-Haddad, et al., “A Study leading to Preliminary Seismic Design Criteria for the Kingdom,” King Abdul Azziz City for Science and Technology, 1998. ] [6ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻴل ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺯﻟﺯﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﺘﺼـﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ .1420 ، ] [7ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻭﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺸـﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒـﺎﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨـﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﺯﻻﺯل.1421 ،
[8] Al-Zaid, R, Personal Communication, Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh. [9] Ghosh, S.K., and Chittenden, S.E., 2000 IBC Handbook (Structural Provisions), Whittier, CA, 2001. ] [10ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺘﻴﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸـﺂﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒـﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺯﻻﺯل – ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ،ﺩﻤﺸﻕ.1997 ،
