THE MULTI-FUNCTIONAL JALI GUIDED BY AR. RASHMI THAKRE
ANEESHA DUTTA X SEM S.M.MC.A, NAGPUR 2015-2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A successful project project can never be prepared prepared by the the single effort or the person person to whom whom it is assigned, assigned, but it also demand the help and guardianship of some conversant person who helps in the undersigned actively actively or passively in the completion of the project.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my guide Ar. Rashmi Thakre for Thakre for her continuous Support and guidance which has been indispensable in the completion of this seminar.
I would also like to thank the institute Smt. Manoramabai Mundle College of Architecture, Architecture, and the faculties of the college for their extreme help and support. Nagpur and
Last but not the least i would like to thank my family and friends and all the responded who directly or indirectly supported and motivated me, without the help of whom this seminar would not have been completed.
Aneesha Dutta
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ABSTRACT
This seminar “multi“multi-functional jali” governs jali” governs the study of role of jali in buildings and how these roles have changed from past to present. The evolution of jali from ancient India to its use in modern context has a varied impact in architecture and such a perspective calls for a systematic learning and understanding understanding of the jali and its different aspects.
The study focuses on the various materials and patterns of jali and also its daylighting performance within a space and how it is effective on the t hat particular space in comparison with window. window.
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INDEX
NO.
TITLE
1. INTRODUCTION
PAGE NO.
…………………………………………………………
05
1.1 AIM
……………………………………………………….... …………………………………………… …………....
05
1.2 OBJECTIVES
………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………
05
2. METHODOLOGY
….………………………………………………………
05
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO JALI ……………………………………………… ………………………………………………..
05
2.2 DATA COLLECTION……………………………………………………… COLLECTION………………………………………………………
06-10
3. CASE STUDY
4.
……………………………………………………………. ……………………………………… …………………….
11-12
3.1 LEBUA RESORT, JAIPUR …………………………………………….. ……………………………………………..
11-12
STUDY MODEL AND ITS ANALYSIS ……………………………………
13-15
4.1 WINDOW ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………..
13-14
4.2 JALI………………………………………………………………………… JALI…………………………………………………………………………
14-15
5. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………… CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………….. ..
15
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………… BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………
16
7. LIST OF VISUALS VISUALS……………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………..
17
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INTRODUCTION
AIM:
To study the impact of jali in buildings and analyse jali as a great substitute of window in buildings.
OBJECTIVE: To
study and understand the t he evolution of jali in ancient India.
To
study its changing role from past to present.
METHODOLOGY:
Introduction to jali
Data collection
Case study
Study model
Analysis
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO JALI:
Jali is an elegantly chiselled, perforated screen which mediates light and wind in architecture throughout India. Usually it has an ornamental pattern containing containing minute carved, delicate geometrical and floral designs. It is a well-known device for wind and light and is mainly found in Indian architecture, Indo Islamic architecture And Islamic Architecture. Architecture. It was primarily constructed using marble or sandstone and its form includes Windows, railings, and partitions and outer walls, which provided ventilation and screening from light, imbuing their surroundings surroundings with a calm, cool and airy environment.
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2.2 DATA COLLECTION HISTORY:
The jali has been widely widely used in both Islamic and Hindu architecture throughout ancient India prominent in temples, mosques and public structures characterized by simple geometric forms.
The first use use of jali is found in 6th century Hindu and Jain temples and and subsequently subsequently for the first time in a mosque in 14th century in Jami masjid at Cambay.
By 16th 16th century, century, it had become become an an integral integral component of Mughal Mughal architecture. architecture.
Red sandstone and white marble has been majorly used: - On edges of platform - Causeways and terraces - Edges of the t he projecting chajjas, jharokhas jharokhas and gaukhs (balconies) along with chhatris.
FIG. 1 Jami 1 Jami masjid at Cambay, Gujrat
FIG. 2 Tomb 2 Tomb of Akbar, Agra
FIG. 3 Intricate 3 Intricate jalis in Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur 6
MATERIAL:
RED SANDSTONE AND MABLE- Red sandstone and white marble jalis have been universally used in Mughal monuments, on edges of platforms, causeways and terraces (as railings, with balusters).
BRICKS- For common people jali wall method for brick buildings at least is to miss out bricks in a wall to make an opening which will let in light and air but still preserve privacy unlike the intricate designs we find in the palaces and tombs of the Mughal Era Brick jail is the most common type of jail wall which is predominant in India. Brick walls we can see that it use less number of brick, which indeed saves the cost and also the amount of mortar used in the construction.
CEMENT- Jali was in modern context is constructed with different materials like concrete, light weight concrete, bricks, fly ash etc. Cement jalis have occupied an important role in the building constructions. Cement Cement jalis are pierced panels with a thickness of not less than 2.5 cm used in construction of houses, building, etc. as partition panels in t he walls and ventilators.
PRE- CAST PERFORATED BLOCKS- Pre-cast BLOCKS- Pre-cast perforated blocks are mainly used f or interior partitions as well as walls for corridors and verandahs.
GLASS FIBRE- REINFORCED CONCRETE- it CONCRETE- it is a type of fibre-rein f ibre-reinforced forced concrete mainly used in exterior building façade panels and as architectural precast precast concrete. Its main features are
Non- corroding behaviour
High damping capacity
Less weight than pre-cast concrete panels.
Strong and durable
FIG. 4 AMER 4 AMER FORT, JAIPUR
FIG. 6 72 SCREENS, JAIPUR
FIG. 5 CENTRE 5 CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. TRIVANDRUM
FIG. 7 JALI 7 JALI BLOCKS 7
PATTERN:
GEOMETRIC PATTERNSPATTERNS- The patterns combines polygons polygons with other shapes such as 5- and 8 pointed stars. It emphasizes emphasizes symmetry and suggested infinity by repetition.
FIG. 8 Jali screen at Amber Palace, Jaipur
ARABESQUEARABESQUE - It is an artistic form of decoration consisting of surface decoration based on rhythmic linear patterns of foliage, tendrils etc
FIG. 9 Siddi Sayyed Mosque, Ahmedabad
FLORAL-
These mainly depict flowers and its abstract forms in intricate design.
FIG. 10 Motif 10 Motif floral jali at Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur
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FUNCTION:
SHADING DEVICE AND DAYLIGHTING
As sunlight sunlight streams streams through through the jalis, the patterns form magical magical shadows shadows and reflections that grace the adjacent floors and walls, entrancing and mystifying all who see them.
Jalis are also used gorgeously to close window and door openings for purdah (veil) and for effect. While they admit free air, they temper sunlight and eliminate its g lare.
The jali filters the white light light of the high sun sun through a series of small openings, gathered together to form a screen. The pattern of the screen creates dappled light in the interior and reflects light off surfaces in relief to reduce the amount of light coming from a particular opening. opening.
Not only it does reduces direct beam radiation in a space, but it also cuts down on illumination and glare.
Ex- HAWA MAHAL, JAIPUR
The honeycomb web of beehive in the front facade reduces direct beam radiation and glare. The small perforations in the jharokha provides a sense of privacy.
FIG. 11 HAWA 11 HAWA MAHAL, JAIPUR
FIG. 12 JHAROKHA, LATTICED WINDOW 9
VENTILATION
Jalis are used as excellent ventilators in private inner rooms, toilets and on drains. Essentially a useful architectural accessory, accessory, the Mughals made it a work of art.
It also deals with ventilation but prevents prevents driving rain from entering. entering.
Not only used for mediation of light, the jali is also a critical tool in modifying air currents for the indoor climate.
The small openings in the jali increases the velocity of the air passing through, so even a mild breeze outside can be felt in the interior of the space it protects.
Furthermore, because of the small small openings, openings, large large gusts of wind, wind, which carry carry dust, are are stopped by the mesh like structure of the opening.
Ex.- CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, TRIVANDRUM
The external jali wall allows diffused diffu sed natural light inside.
Air is forcefully pushed through the opening opening in the shaft shaft for proper ventilation. ventilation.
Small courtyards with pools of water water helps in microclimatic control.
False external jali screen screen acts as skin which which keeps the interiors interiors cool
FIG. 13 MAIN 13 MAIN BUIDING FIG. 14 CORRIDOR 14 CORRIDOR
FIG. 15 FALSE 15 FALSE EXTERNAL JALI
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3.CASE STUDY:
LEBUA RESORT, JAIPUR
Lebua Resort, Jaipur is a modern boutique hotel, spa destination, destinatio n, and event facility inspired by the area's color, vibrance and cultural splendor.
Jantar Mantar, the Royal Observatory of Jaipur built in 1728, influenced the luxury resort’s geometric shapes and structures, while the region’s famous gem craft is reflected in its materials and intricate details.
Each suite is styled in one of Jaipur’s famous jewel colors of fuchsia, emerald green or blue sapphire. Each villa is surrounded by latticework that forms a jewel box-like courtyard.
FIG 16. RESTRAUNT, 16. RESTRAUNT, LEBUA RESORT, JAIPUR
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Jali has been majorly used all around the suite in the form of windows, partition.
FIG 18. 18. VIEW OF A SUITE FIG 17. 17. JALI IN FORM OF SCREENS NEAR POOL
Max. Daylighting Daylighting is achieved achieved through the jali and also also it helps helps in cutting down down the direct heat heat gain.
FIG. 19 VIEW 19 VIEW OF A SUITE
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4.STUDY MODEL:
For assessing the daylighting performance performanc e of jali, a computer analysis is done of a room to understand the effect of window and jali within a space.
DETAILS-
Room size- 4.5x7 m Window to wall ratio- 10% Panel size- 1.35x2 m Time- 9:00 am, 12:00 pm, 3:00 pm
WINDOW-
MONTH- JUNE
12:00AM
9:00AM
15:00AM
IMAGE SOURCE- ECOTECT
13
MONTH- DECEMBER
12:00AM
9:00AM
15:00AM
JALIMONTH- JUNE
12:00AM
9:00AM
15:00AM
IMAGE SOURCE- ECOTECT
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MONTH- DECEMBER
12:00AM
9:00AM
15:00AM
IMAGE SOURCE- ECOTECT
ANALYSIS
On comparing the daylighting performance of window and jali, it is observed that through window a lot of glare is in the room along with max. Illumination
In case of of jali, there there is cut cut down in glare because of the perforation perforation in the screen screen and gives uniform daylight.
5. CONCLUSION
Looking through through th analysis, it can be said that that jali is is a better better alternative alternative than window for better daylighting.
Also the jali gives gives a great amount amount of light there’s also also a cut down in energy energy used otherwise otherwise.. As jali has been in use since ancient times and is still being used in contemporary buildings, its aspects will always enhance the performance of the building in f uture also.
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6. BIBLIOGRAPHY-
BOOKS•
Baker Laurie- houses how to reduce building cost ( eBook) Costford 2014
•
Krishnan Arvind, Climate responsive architecture
WEBSITE-
•
Dna India. Ar. Yatin Pandya-
http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-yatinhttp://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-yatin-
pandya-on-jaali-as-a-traditional-element-1599623 • http://www.ruralhousingnetwork.in/static/img/2015-012100:49:43.958182Jali_Walls.pdf •
The Hindu. Satyaprakash Varanashi - http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-
features/tp-propertyplus/the-multifunctional-jaali/article1138372.ece • Google
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LIST OF VISUALS
FIG. NO.
TITLE
1
Jama masjid at Cambay, Gujrat
2
Tomb of Akbar, Agra
3
Intricate jalis at Mehrangarh Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur
4
Amber Fort, Jaipur
5
Centre for Development Development Studies, Trivandrum
6
72 Screens, Jaipur
7
Jali Blocks
8
Jali screen at Amber Fort, Jaipur
9
Siddi Sayed Mosque, Ahmedabad
10
Motif floral jali at Mehrangarh Mehrangarh Fort
11
Hawa mahal, Jaipur
12
Jharokha, latticed window
13
Main building, CDS, Trivandrum
14
Corridor, CDS, Trivandrum
15
External false jali, CDS, Trivandrum
16
Restaurant having jali panel on both sides as walls, Lebua resort.
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Jali screen near pool, Lebua Resort
18
View of a suite, Lebua Resort
19
View of a suite, Lebua Resort
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