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M% X}èo Ckeog}v Vmemcktkè

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A% Tken`}è V}rt`g`

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08 dknmc`rgè rmb`x` dmt`kc% Gmj}dkè dknmc`rgè v}c` vxirmr vmjh`tkgè j}c`k d`xk vmxrk`vè dè t`l`vè jmjh`tkg rmedkxk% Rmtmc`l vmjh`tkgè rmcmr`k dknmc`rgè v}c` t`l`vè jh`h`x% Rmj}` vxirmr kek dknmc`rgè rmb`x` x}et}t% Bietil*bietil g`ke h`tkg d`c`j h}g} kek dkrmxt`k o`jh`x dè dkgmcijviggè hmxd`r`x jitkae{`% D`xk tk`v*tk`v jitka tmxrmh}t j`rkl dkhòk*hòk còk% Tk`v* tk`v bietil dkrmxt`k dmeoè vmenmc`rè rmlkeoo` jmj}d`lgè }et}g jmj`l`jk jitka*jitka {èo dkbietilgè v`d` h}g} kek% Gmg}xèoè d`xk h}g} kek `d`c`l d`c`j h}g} kek g}xèo dknmc`rgè jmeome`k vmeomxtkè d`xk h`tkg kt} rmedkxk# d`xk jè` h`tkg kt} hmx`r`c dè hò`kjè` vmxgmjhèoè h`tkg dk Kediemrk`% Dk rkek h`tkg j`rkl dknmc`rgè rmb`x` c}`r# dk Kediemrk` rmedkxk jitka j`}v}e vmxgmjhèoè h`tkg dk tk`v* tk`v d`mx`l jmjkckgk vmxhmd`è% Rmhò`k h}g} vmoèoè gmd}` rmr}`k dmeoè tmj` dk `t`r `d`c`l h}g} hmxn}d}c –]eog`vè Rmlmc`k H`tkg ‚# ‚# g`xèoè Ekè R% Dnimjme` {èo dktmxhktgè icml Dn`jh`tè# t`l}e tmxhkt 0;<1# tmh`c h}g} 064 l`c`jè% H}g} kek hmxkrk vmenmc`rè jmeome`k h`tkg rmb`x` c}`r% J}c`k d`xk a`gtix*a`gtix {èo jmjvmeo`x}lk xò`j lk`r h`tkg% Jme}x}t Dnimjme` a`gtix {èo hmxvmeo`x}l# {`kt} cmt`g omioxàkr d`mx`l vmjh}`t h`tkg {èo hmxrèog}tè# rka`t dè t`t` vmeolkd}vè d`mx`l {èo hmxrèog}tè# gmvmxb`{`è dè `d`t krtk`d`t {èo `d` dk d`mx`l {èo hmxrèog}tè# gm`d`è `c`j rmgkt`xe{` tmxj`r}g acix` dè a`}e`# dè `dè{` giet`g `t`} l}h}eoè èt`x d`mx`l vmjh`tkgè% Rmc`ke kt} dkh`l`r v}c` jmeome`k vmxgmjhèoè h`tkg# dk rkek dknmc`rgè jmeome`k gmd`tèoè hèor` `rkeo {èo jmckv}tk gmok`tè hèor` `rkeo tmxrmh}t# rmvmxtk

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Rici jmeome`k vmx`t}xè vmj`g`kè g`ke h`tkg% Bietil xò`j lk`r h`tkg

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82 h`tkg d`xk tk`v d`mx`l vmeol`rkce{`% Tk`v d`mx`l vmeol`rkc dknmc`rgè tmxcmhkl d`l}c} o`jh`xè jmeome`k h`tkg dk d`mx`l {èo hmxrèog}tè% H`tkg d`xk tk`v d`mx`l tmxrmh}t dkrmxt`k bietil o`jh`x cmeog`v dmeoè gmtmxèoè {èo xkebk% Gmg}xèoè d`xk h}g} kek `d`c`l v`d` hòkè t`t` w`xe` h`tkg# tkd`g tmxd`v`t bietil d`xk jitka h`tkg dè vmw`xe`èe{`% Rml`x}re{` v`d` hòkè t`t` w`xe` h`tkg dkrmxt`k dmeoè bietil jitka h`tkg dè dkcmeog`vk dmeoè vmenmc`rè jmeome`k `xtk w`xe` d`xk h`tkg {èo dkt`jvkcgè tmxrmh}t% Gmj}dkè v`d` hòkè vmenmc`rè jmeome`k jitka h`tkg d`xk tk`v*tk`v d`mx`l# vmjhòkè jitka h`tkg rmvmxtk h`tkg d`mx`l N`w` H`x`t dè N`w` Tmeo`l rml`x}re{` dkhòk vmx wkc`{`le{` r`n`# g`xme` dk N`w` H`x`t dè N`w` Tmeo`l tmxd`v`t hmhmx`v` wkc`{`l vmeol`rkc h`tkg% H`tkg dk N`w` H`x`t tmxd`v`t dk Bkxmhie# T`rkgj`c`{`# Kedx`j`{} dè O`x}t# rmdèogè h`tkg dk N`w` Tmeo`l tmxd`v`t dk C`rmj# Tmo`c# Vmg`cieoè# Hè{}j`r# R}x`g`xt`# dè _ieiokxk% ]et}g cmhkl jmjhmxkgè o`jh`xè {èo c}`r# rmh`kge{` d`c`j h}g} kek dkr`jv`kgè h`tkg vmx wkc`{`le{` r`n`# rmvmxtk h`tkg R}x`g`xt`# h`tkg Bkxmhie# h`tkg Vmg`cieoè# dè c`ke rmhò`ke{`%

O% Jmtidiciok Vmemcktkè

0% Jmtidm Vmemcktkè Rmtk`v kcj} vmeomt`l}è rmc`c} jmeokg}tk `t}xè*`t}xè dè r`r`xè tmxtmet} {èo d`v`t jmen`jke gmtmv`tè d`xk l`rkce{`% G}jv}cè d`xk `t}xè kt} hk`r` dkrmh}t jmtidm `t`} tmgekg% Dmjkgkè kcj} rmn`x`l {èo t}n}è }t`jè{` `d`c`l }et}g jmeb`v`k `t`} jmed`v`tgè

84 gmhme`xè# n}o` jmjv}e{`k jmtidm rmedkxk {èo hk`r` dke`j`gè jmtidm lkrtixkr g`xme` h`lè*h`lè r}jhmx {èo dko}e`gè jmx}v`gè xmg`jè d`xk gmn`dkè*gmn`dkè j`r` c`c}% Jmtidm lkrtixkr `d`c`l vxirmr jmeo}nk dè jmeoè`ckr` rmb`x` lkrtixkr xmg`jè vmekeoo`cè j`r` c`jv`} ,Oittrblc`g# 0;?= > 28+% Jmtidm lkrtixkr n}o` d`v`t dk`xtkgè r}`t} g}jv}cè {èo rkrtmj`tkr d`xk vxkerkv*vxkerkv dè `t}xè*`t}xè {èo dkj`gr}dgè }et}g jmjhèt} dmeoè rmb`x` mamgtka d`c`j vmeo}jv}cè h`lè*h`lè r}jhmx d`xk rmn`x`l# d`c`j jmekc`k `t`} jmeog`nk r}jhmx*r}jhmx kt} rmb`x` gxktkr dè jme{`nkgè r}`t} l`rkc rketmrkr d`xk l`rkc*l`rkc {èo dkb`v`k ,_k{iei# 0;;6 > 8+% Dmeoè jmeoo}e`gè jmtidm rmn`x`l# dk}r`l`gè jmxmgiertx}grk vmxkrtkw`*vmxkrtkw` j`r` c`jv`} gmj}dkè jme{`jv`kgè xmgiertx}grk rmr}`k dmeoè nmn`g*nmn`g j`r` c`jv`}% Xmgiertx}grk d`c`j rmn`x`l l`x}r dkr}r}e rmb`x` rkrtmj`tkr dè ih{mgtka dmeoè jmeo}jv}cgè# jmekc`k# jmjqmxkakg`rk dè jmerketmrkrgè h}gtk*h}gtk }et}g jmemt`vgè a`gt` dè jmeb`v`k gmrkjv}cè {èo d`v`t dkvmxtèoo}eon`w`hgè% dkvmxtèoo}eon`w`hgè% `% Lm}xkrtkg Lm}xkrtkg `d`c`l vxirmr `t`} }r`l` }et}g jmed`v`tgè dè jmeo}jv}cgè r}jhmx*r}jhmx r}jhmx*r}jhmx rmn`x`l {èo `d` l}h}eoèe{` dmeoè vmxj`r`c`lè {èo `gè dktmcktk hmx}v` nmn`g*nmn`g j`r` c`jv`} kt} d`v`t hmx}v` gmn`dkè# hmed` vmekeoo`cè j`r` c`jv`} dè h`l`r`

8= t}ckrè ,Eitir}rèti# 0;?0 > 0<+% @d`v}e cèog`l*cèog`l lm}xkrtkg {èo `gè dkc`g}gè `d`c`l rmhò`k hmxkg}t > 0+ Jmemet}gè nmekr d`t` {èo dkvmxc}gè# jmckv}tk > `+ Dig}jmet`rk `d`c`l `d`c`l `c`t*`c`t vmeo}jv}cè vmeo}jv}cè d`t` d`t` {èo hmx}v` hmx}v` aiti*aiti dè o`jh`x*o`jh`x% h+ R}jhmx cmrè `d`c`l `c`t vmeo}jv}cè d`t` {èo hmx}v` keaixj`rk d`xk v`x` keaixjè% b+ @xtma`g `d`c`l `c`t vmeo}jv}cè d`t` {èo hmx}v` hmed` vmekeoo`cè j`r` c`jv`}% 8+ Jmemet}gè tmjv`t vmemcktkè% 2+ R}jhmx rmn`x`l {èo dko}e`gè d`c`j vmemcktkè kek `d`c`l rmhò`k hmxkg}t> `+ R}jhmx Vxkjmx R}jhmx vxkjmx {`kt} r}jhmx {èo dkt}ckr icml r`grk lkd}v {èo jmeo`c`jk `t`} jmeo`jhkc hòkè d`c`j r}`t} gmn`dkè `t`} {èo lkd}v rmn`jè dmeoè gmn`dkè kt}% R}jhmx vxkjmx jmx}v`gè r}jhmx `rck# g`xme` gmr`grkèe{` tkd`g hmxr}jhmx d`xk r}jhmx c`ke# tmt`vk d`xk tèoè vmxt`j` ,Oittrblc`g# 0;?= > 21+% R}jhmx vxkjmx dkvmxicml d`xk l`rkc w`wèb`x` dmeoè j`r{`x`g`t C`wm{è R}x`g`xt` dè d`mx`l rmgkt`xe{`# rmxt` ixèo*ixèo {èo jmjv}e{`k vmeo`x}l cèor}eo j`}v}e

81 tkd`g cèor}eo d`xk l`rkc vmxgmjhèoè ked}rtxk h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c% R}jhmx vxkjmx {èo dkvmxicml tkd`g dktmxkj` jmet`l ,dk`jhkc `v` `dè{`+ tmt`vk n}o` jmc`c}k vxirmd}x gxktkg r}jhmx {èo tmc`l dktmet}gè {èo jmx}v`gè `c`t è`ckrkr d`c`j kcj} rmn`x`l% h+ R}jhmx Rmg}edmx R}jhmx rmg}edmx `d`c`l gmr`grkè d`xk rk`v`v}e {èo h}gè jmx}v`gè r`grk vèdèoè j`t` d`xk rmrmixèo {èo tkd`g l`dkx v`d` vmxkrtkw` {èo dkgkr`lgèe{`% D`c`j l`c kek vme}ckr jmjvmxo}e`gè h}g}# r}x`t g`h`x# j`n`c`l# `xrkv {èo tmxg`kt dmeoè vmxj`r`c`lè {èo dktmcktk% D`c`j }r`l` }et}g jmeb`xk dè jmeo}jv}cgè d`t` {èo dkh}t}lgè j`g` vmemcktkè kek jmeoo}e`gè tmgekg vmeo}jv}cè d`t` rmhò`k hmxkg}t > b+ Jmtidm Dig}jmetmx Jmtidm

kek

jmx}v`gè

vxirmr

vmjh}gtkè

{èo

dkd`r`xgè `t`r nmekr r}jhmx `v`v}e hmxrka`t cmrè# t}ckrè dè o`jh`xè `t`} `xgmiciokr ,Oittrblc`g# 0;?= > 21+% D`c`j jmc`g}gè jmtidm dig}jmetmx vmemcktk l`x}r l`tk*l`tk ò`x tkd`g tmxnmh`g icml `dè{` dig}jme kt} rmedkxk% D`c`j jmtidiciok rmn`x`l tmc`l dkhmg`ck d`c`j jmc`g}gè gxktkg r}jhmx# j`g` rt}dk tmetèo dig}jme l`x}r jmc`g}gè gxktkg

8? ketmxe j`}v}e gxktkg mgrtmxe ò`x dig}jme kt} hme`x*hme`x dig}jme {èo dkh}t}lgè dè jmjv}e{`k ekc`k q`ckdkt`r dè gxmdkhkckt`r {èo lèd`c% d+ Jmtidm Cmrè Jmtidm cmrè `d`c`l `c`t vmeo}jv}cè d`t` {èo hmx}v` keaixj`rk d`xk v`x` keaixjè)xmrviedme% R}jhmx cmrè d`v`t dkvmxicml jmc`c}k w`wèb`x`# {`kt} jmtidm {èo dko}e`gè

d`c`j

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vmeo}jv}cè

d`t`

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jmeo`d`gè w`wèb`x` rmb`x` cèor}eo dmeoè j`r{`x`g`t rmtmjv`t {èo tmc`l dkvkckl jmen`dk ih{mg vmemcktkè dè j`r{`x`g`t

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gmtmxèoè% m+ Jmtidm Rt}dk Gmv}rt`g`è Rt}dk v}rt`g` `d`c`l b`x` vmeo}jv}cè d`t` jmc`c}k h}g}*h}g} {èo xmcmqè dmeoè vmxj`r`c`lè {èo dktmcktk# jmc`c}k vmekeoo`cè tmxt}ckr hmx}v` `xrkv*`xrkv dè tmxj`r}g n}o` h`lè tmetèo vmed`v`t# tmixk# d`ckc dè rmhò`ke{` {èo hmxl}h}eoè dmeoè j`r`c`l {èo dkrmckdkgk ,E`w`wk# 0;;6 > 022+% h% Gxktkg R}jhmx Gxktkg r}jhmx `d`c`l r}`t} }r`l` }et}g jmed`v`tgè nmn`g `t`} r}jhmx {èo hme`x d`c`j `xtk hme`x*hme`x jmeoèd}eo keaixj`rk {èo xmcmqè dmeoè bmxkt` rmn`x`l {èo dkr}r}e ,_kdn`# 0;<< > 80+%

8< @d` d}` cèog`l {èo l`x}r dktmjv}l }et}g jmjh}gtkgè q`ckdkt`r r}jhmx {`kt} 0+ Jmeo`d`gè gxktkg ketmxe {èo hmxt}n}è }et}g jmeb`xk gmhme`xè krke{`# 8+ Jmeo`d`gè gxktkg mgrtmxe {èo hmxt}n}è }et}g jmjh}gtkgè gm`rckè dè gmhme`xè r}`t} r}jhmx% Gxktkg r}jhmx jmx}v`gè t`l`v vmekc`kè `t`} vmeo}nkè tmxl`d`v h`lè*h`lè r}jhmx {èo tmc`l vme}ckr vmxicml d`xk r}d}t vèdèo gmhme`xèe{` ,_k{iei# 0;;6 > 8+% Gxktkg `t`} è`ckr` jmx}v`gè b`x` }et}g jmekc`k r}jhmx `t`} h`lè {èo jmjhmxkgè keaixj`rk d`v`t dkvmxb`{` `t`} tkd`g# `v`g`l dig}jme `t`} h`lè kt} d`v`t dkvmxtèoo}eon`w`hgè gm`rckèe{` `t`} gm`}tmetkgèe{` `t`} tkd`g% Gxktkg ketmxe dkc`g}gè tmxl`d`v keaixj`rk `t`} r}jhmx kt} rmedkxk# rmdèogè gxktkg mgrtmxe dkc`g}gè tmxl`d`v d`t` dmeoè jmeoè`ckr` gmhme`xè r}jhmx `t`} l}h}eoè dmeoè vmxri`cè `v`g`l r}jhmx kt} `rck `t`} tkd`g% D`c`j vmemcktkè kek cmhkl hè{`g dktmgègè v`d` gxktkg ketmxe% L`c kek dkc`g}gè g`xme` keoke jmjvmxicml n`w`hè dmeoè ekc`k vmjh}gtkè d`xk krk `t`} r}jhmx tmxrmh}t% @v`g`l xmcmqè dmeoè vmemcktkè {èo dkj`gr}d `t`} tkd`g% B`x` jmc`g}gè gxktkg ketmxe dk rkek k`c`l dmeoè b`x` jmjhèdkeogè d`xk d`t` {èo dkvmxicml dk c`vèoè d`xk l`rkc w`wèb`x` dè r}jhmx tmxt}ckr% Rmc`ke kt} d`c`j jmc`g}gè gxktkg r}jhmx jmc`c}k w`wèb`x` dkc`g}gè vmeombmgè rkcèo èt`x r}jhmx% Rmhò`k vmed}g}eo vmxc}

8; n}o` dkgmt`l}k rkt}`rk h`kg dk d`c`j jmjhmxkgè gmtmxèoè# hò`kjè` gmj`jv}è rmxt` d`{` keo`t dè n}o` hò`kjè` tkeog`l c`g} keaixjè d`c`j gmrml`xkè% D`c`j jmemet}gè gxktmxk` `rck j`}v}e tkd`ge{` r}jhmx tmxrmh}t dk c`vèoè `d`c`l dkvmxicml d`xk rmixèo keaixjè {èo c`kee{` jmeome`k r}`t} vmxkrtkw` {èo r`j`% Rmh`h g`dèog`c` keaixj`rk {èo dkhmxkgè icml keaixjè {èo r`t} dmeoè keaixjè {èo c`kee{` tkd`g r`j`% D`c`j l`c kek vmxc} dkb`xk tmxcmhkl d`l}c} vmxr`j`è vmxrmvrk dè keaixj`rk% Rmcèn}te{` dkhèdkeogè dmeoè r}jhmx tmxt}ckr {èo `d`% D`c`j l`c kek# gxktkg r}jhmx dkc`g}gè gmv`d` > 0+ Vmjkcklè keaixjè {èo jmjhmxkgè gmtmxèoè jmeome`k h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c dè ked}rtxk h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c dk C`wm{è# R}x`g`xt` `t`} dmeoè g`t` c`ke tmxckh`t rmb`x` cèor}eo d`c`j gmok`tè ked}rtxk h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c dk C`wm{è# R}x`g`xt`% Gm`d`è Gm`d`è keaixjè n}o` dkvmxl`tkgè dè vmxc} dkvmxtkjhèogè% 8+ D`t` `t`} r}jhmx tmxt}ckr {èo hmxl`rkc dkg}jv}cgè d`c`j vmemcktkè kek# `d`v}e b`x` jmc`g}gè gxktkg d`c`j vmemcktkè kek `d`c`l jmjhèdkeogè d`t` {èo hmxl`rkc dkg}jv}cgè dè dklkjv}e% b% Ketmxvxmt`rk [`kt} jmemet}gè j`ge` r`ckeo hmxl}h}eoè dkèt`x` a`gt`* a`gt` {èo dkvmxicml% L`c kek dkj`gr}dgè }et}g jmjvmxicml r}`t}

26 xèog`kè vmxkrtkw` {èo hmxj`ge`% Ketmxvxmt`rk jmx}v`gè b`x` }et}g jmemet}gè j`gr}d r`ckeo hmxl}h}eoè d`c`j a`gt`*a`gt` {èo dkvmxicml rmtmc`l tmxg}jv}c rmn}jc`l keaixj`rk jmeome`k vmxkrtkw` rmn`x`l {èo rmdèo dktmcktk% R}`t} vmxkrtkw` rmn`x`l ò`x d`v`t jmen`dk gkr`l rmn`x`l {èo h`kg j`g` vmxc} dkketmxvxmt`rkgè ,dkrketmrkrgè+% Hmxhò`k a`gt` {èo cmv`r r`t} r`j` c`ke kt} l`x}r dkxèog`kgè dè dkl}h}eo*l}h}eogè dkl}h}eo*l}h}eogè rmlkeoo` jmen`dk r}`t} gmr`t}è {èo hmxj`ge`% Jme}x}t Jil% @ck ketmxvxmt`rk `d`c`l b`x` }et}g jmemet}gè j`gr}d r`ckeo hmxl}h}eoè d`c`j a`gt`*a`gt` {èo dkvmxicml# hmxhò`k a`gt` {èo cmv`r r`t} r`j` c`ke l`x}r dkxèog`k dè dkl}h}eogè jmen`dk r`t} gmr`t}è {èo x`rkie`c% V`d` }j}je{` vxirmr ketmxvxmt`rk jmckv}tk l`c*l`c rmhò`k hmxkg}t > 0+% Rmcmgrk a`gt` {èo jmjkckl a`gt`*a`gt` {èo xmcmqè dmeoè gmvmetkeoè vmemcktkè tmxrmh}t% 8+% Vmxkidkr`rk {`kt} vme{}r}eè a`gt` rmr}`k dmeoè }x}tè w`gt} tmxn`dke{` ,@ck# 0;<8 > 001+% d% Lkrtixkioxàk Lkrtixkioxàk {`kt} vme{`nkè {èo hmx}v` rmh}`l bmxkt` rmn`x`l% D`c`j vmemcktkè kek `gè dkr`nkgè d`c`j hmet}g bmxkt` rmn`x`l {èo tmxr}r}e rmb`x` rkrtmj`tkr dè gxieiciokr% T}n}è Lkrtixkioxàk `d`c`l jmxèog`kgè g`t`*g`t` jmen`dk gkr`l rmn`x`l ,E}oxili# 0;?< > 08+% Lkrtixkioxàk `t`} vme}ckrè rmn`x`l jmx}v`gè t`l`v `glkx d`xk jmtidm rmn`x`l% L`rkc vmeàrkxè `t`} ketmxvxmt`rk `t`r a`gt`*a`gt` rmn`x`l {èo tmc`l dkc`g}gè gmj}dkè dkt}ckrgè jmen`dk r}`t} gkr`l

20 {èo rmc`x`r% D`c`j l`c kek dkr`nkgè d`c`j hmet}g rgxkvrk {èo dk`t}x d`c`j h`h vmx h`h rmb`x` gxieiciokr# tmet}e{` dmeoè tmj` dè tivkg {èo nmc`r dè j}d`l dkv`l`jk% 8% Vmedmg`tè Vmemcktkè D`c`j vmemcktkè kek dko}e`gè vmedmg`tè rirkiciokr mgieijkr% Vmedmg`tè rirkiciokr jmektkghmx`tgè v`d` vmjh`l`rè ketmx`grk èt`x` kedkqkd} dmeoè j`r{`x`g`t% Vmedmg`tè rirkiciokr dko}e`gè tmx}t`j` v`d`

vmeog`nkè

j`r`c`l*j`r`c`l

{èo

hmxl}h}eoè

dmeoè

gmj`r{`x`g`tè% Vmedmg`tè kek r}d`l h`xèo tmet} jmckl`t rmok*rmok rirk`c vmxkrtkw` {èo dkg`nk# rmdèogè vmedmg`tè mgieijk jmeo`b} v`d` vmjh`l`rè vmxkc`g} {èo hmxixkmet`rk gmv`d` mjvci{jmet dè `cig`rk r}jhmx d`{` {èo cèog`% Vmedmg`tè rirkiciokr {èo dko}e`gè d`c`j vmemcktkè kek `d`c`l vmedmg`tè rirkiciokr mgieijkr# {`kt} vmedmg`tè {èo jmemgègè v`d` j`r{`x`g`t dè mgieijk j`r{`x`g`t% D`c`j l`c kek jme{èog}t vmxgmjhèoè ked}rtxk h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c dk C`wm{è R}x`g`xt` {èo jmjh`w` d`jv`g rirk`c mgieijk v`d` j`r{`x`g`te{`%

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[èo tmxj`r}g oicieoè eie*omijmtxkr `d`c`l> 0% Rmjme# tmxdkxk d`xk acix`# a`}e`# jmx}# c`x dè rmnmekr kt} {èo dkt`t` rmb`x` rmx`rk% 8% C}eoc}eoè

2% H}gmtè# d`xk g`t` h`l`r` Vxèbkr `t`} Hmcèd` hiep}mt nmc`r nmc`r jmx}v`gè xò`j lk`r vmeo`x}l d`xk c}`x dè tmxj`r}g xò`j lk`r vmrkrkx ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 0# l`c% 06;*086+% Rmn`g ~`jè vmen`n`lè Hmcèd`# h`tkg dktken`} d`xk d`mx`l vmeol`rkce{`# dkhòk jmen`dk d}` gmcijvig# {`kt}> `% H`tkg Qixrtmecèdme [`kt} h`tkg d`xk d`mx`l vmd`c`jè ,R}x`g`xt` dè [io{`g`xt`+% Dk ~`jè vmen`n`lè Hmcèd`# gmd}` d`mx`l kek jmx}v`gè d`mx`l gmx`n`è dè dke`j`gè d`mx`l Qixrtmecèdme# lkeoo` r``t kek gmd}` gmx`n`è kt} j`rkl jmjkckgk gl`xkrj`% h% H`tkg Vmrkrkx H`tkg vmrkrkx jmx}v`gè h`tkg {èo vmjh}`tèe{` dkgmxn`gè dkc}`x d`mx`l vmd`c`jè ,R}x`g`xt` dè [io{`g`xt`+# {èo tmxj`r}g d`mx`l vmrkrkx `d`c`l d`mx`l {èo tmxd`v`t dkrmvènèo vèt`k }t`x` N`w`# rmvmxtk N`g`xt`# Kedx`j`{}# Bkxmhie# Vmg`cieoè# C`rmj# O`x}t# J`d}x` dè N`jhk% Vmjhòkè `r`c h`tkg kek# tmx}t`j` hmxd`r`xgè rka`t bix`g dè w`xe` d`r`xe{`# rmxt` gm}ekgè d`xk d`mx`l j`rkeo*j`rkeo ,0;<1>?+%

=6

Rmb`x` o`xkr hmr`x bkxk gl`r d`xk gmd}` gmcijvig tmxrmh}t# {`kt}> 0% H`tkg Vmd`c`jè ,Qixrtmecèdme+# gl}r}re{` d`mx`l R}x`g`xt` dè [io{`g`xt`# jmjkckgk bkxk*bkxk rmhò`k hmxkg}t> *

Xò`j lk`r jitka h`tkge{` hmxrka`t rkjhickrjm hmxc`t`x hmc`gèo gmh}d`{`è Lkedl}*N`w`%

*

_`xe` rioè# kedkoi ,hkx}+# lkt`j dè v}tkl

8% H`tkg vmrkrkx jmjkckgk bkxk*bkxk rmhò`k hmxkg}t> *

Xò`j lk`r jitka h`tkge{` hmxrka`t e`t}x`c dè jmed`v`t vmeo`x}l gmh}d`{`è `rkeo rmb`x` dijkeè%

*

_`xe` hmxèmg` xò`j ,Dnimjme`# 0;<1><+% Dktken`} d`xk rmok jitkae{` `d` d}` nmekr h`tkg# {`kt} h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c

dè h`tkg jidmxe% H`tkg tx`dkrkie`c `d`c`l nmekr h`tkg {èo jitka dè o`{è{` tmxkg`t v`d` r}`t} `t}xè dè krme*krme tmxtmet}# rmvmxtk jitka rkdij}gtk# rkdic}l}x # v`xèo x}r`g # dè rmhò`ke{`% H`tkg jidmxe `d`c`l rmj}` nmekr

h`tkg {èo tmc`l jme{kjvèo d`xk kg`tè {èo r}d`l jmen`dk tx`dkrk tmxrmh}t ,R}rèti# 0;?=>07 Rimtivi#tt>0;+% Dktken`} d`xk rmok tmgekg vmjh}`tèe{` `t`} d`c`j l`c kek vmjh`tkgèe{` n}o` dkgme`c d}` j`b`j h`tkg# {`kt} h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c dè h`tkg vxketkeo% H`tkg tx`dkrkie`c jmckv}tk> h`tkg t}ckr# h`tkg b`v# `t`} h`tkg gijhke`rk t}ckr dè b`v {èo j`rkl dkh}`t dmeoè b`x` rmdmxlè` dmeoè jmeoo}e`gè bètkeo j`}v}e `c`t b`v% H`tkg vxketkeo `d`c`l h`tkg {èo dkh}`t dmeoè rkrtmj r`hcie `t`} lèd vxket ,Vxkrj`% Ei% < @o}rt}r 0;<8> ?2+%

=0

H`tkg tx`dkrkie`c {èo dkj`gr}d d`c`j rgxkvrk kek `d`c`l h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c d`c`j vmeomxtkè tmgekg vmjh}`tèe{`# tmxcmv`r d`xk vmxri`cè `v`g`l h`tkg kt} hmxjitka tx`dkrkie`c `t`}g`l `t`}g`l hmxjitka jidmxe jidmxe {èo r}d`l jme{kjvèo% @t`} dmeoè g`t` g`t` c`ke {èo dkj`gr}d dkj`gr}d dmeoè h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c tx`dkrkie`c dkrkek `d`c`l h`tkg t}ckr `t`} b`v# h`kg {èo hmxjitka tx`dkrkie`c j`}v}e {èo hmxjitka jidmxe% Tmgekg jmjh}`t h`tkg tx`dkrkie`c jmckv}tk rmc}x}l vxirmr vmgmxn`è {èo b}g}v vènèo tmxl`d`v g`ke jixk rmn`g d`xk vmxj}c`è lkeoo` jmen`dk g`ke h`tkg% Vmgmxn`è kek jmckv}tk t`l`v vmxrk`vè dè t`l`v vigig% V`d` t`l`v vmxrk`vè j`g` {èo dkgmxn`gè `d`c`l jmjvmxrk`vgè g`ke jixk rmlkeoo` rk`v }et}g dkh`tkg# {`kt} ,0+ jmjitieo jixk rmr}`k dmeoè }g}xè {èo dkgmlmed`gk7 ,8+ jmeb}bk ,eookx`l `t`} eomtmc +7 ,2+ jmeoènk ,eoènk+ dè ,4+ jme{mtxkg` ,eomjvcieo +% V`d` t`l`v vigig vxirmr vmjh`tkgè {èo rmhme`xe{` dkj}c`k# {`kt} jmckv}tk tko` j`b`j vmgmxn`è> ,0+ vmjh}`tè jitka h`tkg dmeoè jmcmg`tgè ckcke h`tkg ,j`c`j+ v`d` g`ke% @d` hmhmx`v` b`x` vmcmg`tè ckcke kek# {`kt} dmeoè dkcmg`tgè `t`} dkt}ckr dmeoè `c`t {èo dkrmh}t bètkeo # bètkeo b`v# `t`} dkc}gkr dmeoè g}w`r , nmo}c+% Ckcke `t`} j`c`j

`d`c`l b`jv}xè d`xk hmhmx`v` h`lè# rmvmxtk oiedix}gmj#

j`t`g}bkeo# v`xàke `t`} jkbxiwi| # cmj`g `t`} jke{`g e`h`tk# dè g`dèo* g`dèo dkb`jv}x dmeoè ckcke cmh`l `t`} cèbmeo7 ,8+ vmw`xe`è h`tkg {èo dkc`g}gè

dmeoè

b`x`

jme{mc}vgè

v`d`

~`t

vmw`xe`7

dè

,2+ jmeolkcèogè ckcke v`d` g`ke {èo dkrmh}t dmeo` eomxig # eocixid # eomh{ig `t`} jh`h`x ,Rimtivi R%# tt> 2*=+% Dmjkgkèc`l vxirmr vmjh}`tè

h`tkg rmb`x` rkeog`t%

=8

H% Vmxgmjhèoè H`tkg H`tkg dk C`wm{è R}x`g`xt` R}x`g`xt` T`l}e T`l}e 0;1=*8666

@r`c j}c` h`tkg dk C`wm{è kt} rmedkxk `r`ce{` d`xk gx`tie dmeoè x`nè{` V`g}h}wiei KK% J}c`*j}c` h`tkg dkd`c`j gmx`n`è)gx`tie lè{` jmx}v`gè

gmxn`

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hòk

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dkvmxrmjh`lgè }et}g gmg`rkle{`# n}o` }et}g gmvmetkeoè ,v`g`kè+ x`n` dè v`x` gmx`h`t gx`tie# x`n` lè{` jmjkckl ixèo*ixèo vèd`k jmjh`tkg {èo dkgl}r}rgè hmxdk`j dk gx`tie }et}g jmjh}`t g`ke h`tkg% Icml g`xme` x`n` dè rmc}x}l gmx`h`t gx`tie r`jv`k gm l}c} h`cèo jmjmxc}gè g`ke h`tkg# j`g` x`n` jmeo}t}r v`x` c}x`l jmeb`xk d`mx`l vmeol`rkc h`tkg% Jmc`c}k c}x`l dkd`v`t d`mx`l C`wm{è% C`wm{è rmedkxk hmx`r`c d`xk g`t` C`wm {èo `xtke{` hmeèo# g`xme` v`d` ~`jè d`l}c} tmjv`t kek `d`c`l tmjv`t vmjh}`tè g`ke tme}e# rmlkeoo` x`n` jmjkckl C`wm{è {èo dkn`dkgè rmhò`k vmeol`rkc g`ke h`tkg# g`xme` x`n` jmjèdèo vmed}d}g C`wm{è l`jvkx rmj}è{` vèd`k jmeme}e# x`nke dè tmg}e d`c`j hmgmxn`% V`d` j}cè{` vmed}d}g C`wm{è jmjh}`t h`tkg j`rkl dmeoè b`x` t}ckr ,jmeoo}e`gè tèoè r`n`# dè jitka*jitkae{` v}e j`rkl jmekx} jitka d`xk gx`tie# hmx}v` jitka Bmvcig # Ckj`x # Rmjme# V`xèo# C}eoc}eoè+# n}o` b`x` jmw`xe`ke{` j`rkl jmj`g`k rio` N`w` ,vmw`xe` d`xk h`lè t}jh}l* t}jh}lè+ {èo itij`tkr jmjmxc}gè w`gt} {èo c`j`% L`rkce{` eètk dkrmx`lgè v`d` gx`tie# dè rmhòkè gmbkc r`n` {èo dkr`c}xgè gm c}`x# g`xme` j`r{`x`g`t hk`r` g}xèo j`jv} jmjhmck g`ke h`tkg {èo l`xoè{` j`l`c kt}%

=2

V`d` rmgkt`x `w`c `h`d \QKKK dktmj}gè `c`t b`v# {èo v`d` j}cè{` tmxh}`t d`xk gmtmc` vilie% Gmtmc` vilie dkvitieo h}c`t# gmj}dkè v`d` vmxj}g`èe{` dko`jh`xk jitka h`tkg# dkg`xme`gè gmtmc` j}d`l h}r}g j`g` b`v d`xk gmtmc` dkoètk dmeoè g`{} ò`x cmhkl `wmt dè t`lè c`j` ,_`wèb`x`# Dxr% Hmni L`x{iei# ; Amhx}`xk 8661+% T`l}e 0;66*è tkjh}c gmkeokeè vmeo}r`l` h`tkg C`wm{è# }et}g jmen}`c h`tkg gmv`d` x`g{`t hk`r` dmeoè l`xo` {èo tmxnèog`} icml jmxmg`# g`xme` d`l}c} j`r{`x`g`t j`rkl jmj`g`k g`ke tme}e {èo dkrmh}t g`ke c}xkg # rmlkeoo` vmeo}r`l` h`tkg C`wm{è jmjvxid}grk h`tkg t}ckr dmeoè h`tkg b`v dè n}o` b`x` jme{ioè{` d`xk h`lè*h`lè gkjk`# r}v`{` cmhkl bmv`t vxirmr vmjh}`tèe{`# vmjh}`tèe{`# dkr`jvkeo kt} n}o` l`xoè{` d`v`t dknèog`} icml x`g{`t hk`r` dè n}o` tkd`g jmekeoo`gè hmet}g `rcke{`# `gè tmt`vk `c`t {èo }et}g jmeomb`v v`d` w`gt} kt} j`rkl jmeoo}e`gè b`v d`xk g`{}# dmeoè jitka* jitka {èo j`rkl rèo`t rmdmxlè` rmg`ck {`kt} dmeoè hmet}g {èo hmr`x* hmr`x dè bmbmg*bmbmge{` ,krme h}c`t gmbkc v`d` jitka h`tkg+ v}e t`g d`v`t x`vkl dè l`c}r% J`g` t`l}e 0;6= Hv% Bigxi R}j`xti vmeo}r`l` h`tkg C`wm{è rmg`cko}r n}o` rmhò`k dmrkoemx hmxvmed`v`t g`c`} dmeoè g`{} g}xèo makrkme c`c} dkh}`tc`l b`v {èo tmxh}`t d`xk tmjhò` {èo t`lè c`j`% @c`t kek dkrmh}t bètkeo b`v dè h`tkge{` dkrmh}t h`tkg b`v% @c`t tmxrmh}t dkh}`t ò`x d`v`t jmjvxid}grk d`c`j n}jc`l hmr`x d`c`j w`gt} {èo xmc`tka rkeog`t# tmt`vk dmeoè `dè{` `c`t*`c`t {èo jidmxe kek h}gè hmx`xtk c`c} C`wm{è jmekeoo`cgè h`tkg t}ckr% H`lgè jmjh}`t h`tkg t}ckr# h`tkg b`v n}o` b`jv}xè h`tkg b`v dè h`tkg t}ckr%

=4

H`tkg t}ckr dè h`tkg b`v hmxgmjhèo hmxd`jvkeoè r`jv`k r``t kek% Dktken`} d`xk l`c}r tkd`ge{`# j`g` h`tkg t}ckrc`l {èo cmhkl l`c}r d`xkv`d` h`tkg b`v# rmh`h h`tkg t}ckr jitka*jitkae{` cmhkl lkd}v# g`xme` dkh}`t dmeoè x`r` rmek `t`} }er}x rmek j`rkl `d` dkd`c`je{`# rmdèogè w`c`}v}e h`tkg b`v vxirmre{` n`}l cmhkl bmv`t d`xk h`tkg t}ckr# `gè tmt`vk l`rkc h`tkg b`v kek ò`g hmxhmd` dmeoè h`tkg t}ckr% D`xk rmok gmtmv`tè vmeo}cèoè hmet}g bètkeo b`v cmhkl jmen`jke# `gè tmt`vk d`xk gmrmjv}xe`è oixmrè g}xèo h`kg% H`tkgè bìv rmxkeo g`ck tkd`g tmjh}r dè g`dèo*g`dèo dkc`ke rkrk tmjh}r# h`lgè hcihix ,Xk{èti# 0;;?>02+% Rmj`gke j`n}e{` tmgeiciok# v`d` rmgkt`x t`l}e 0;16*è dktmj}gè `c`t vmjh}`tè h`tkg dmeoè –vxketkeo‚ `t`} –r`hcie‚ dmeoè `c`t b`v {èo tmxh}`t d`xk g`ke {èo tmc`l dkc}gkr dè hòkè tmvke{` dkhmxk vcèogè ,g`{}+ dmeoè }g}xè cmh`x <6 bj dè vènèo jme}x}t cmh`x jixk)b`jhxkb% H`tkg kek tmxgme`c dmeoè h`tkg vxketkeo% Vxirmr d`xk v`d` b`x` kek cmhkl bmv`t dmeoè g`cg}c`rk {èo xmed`l rmh`h h`tkg kek tkd`g jmj`g`k b`x` eomb`v dmeoè j`c`j d`l}c}# dè tkd`g n}o` jmcmxmd ,jmjh`h`x+# `gè tmt`vk jixk dkb`v cèor}eo dmeoè jitka {èo dkgmlmed`gk ,_`wèb`x`# Dxr% H`jhèo Rc`jmti# 8; Igtihmx 866=+% Jitka h`tkg d`xk R}x`g`xt` jmjkckgk vmxhmd`è dmeoè jitka h`tkg [io{` jmrgkv}e r`j`*r`j` d`mx`l gmx`n`è)Qixrtmecèdme% Vmxhmd`è {èo jme{icig èt`x` h`tkg gmd}` d`mx`l tmxrmh}t èt`x` c`ke> 0% [èo v`ckeo }t`j` }t`j` `d`c`l d`c`j l`c vmxv`d}è t`t` xò`j lk`r% Xò`j Xò`j lk`r h`tkg [io{` v`d` }j}je{` biedieo v`d` vmxv`d}è hmxhò`k xò`j

==

lk`r omijmtxkr # dè }j}je{` hmx}g}xè hmr`x% Rmdèogè xò`j lk`r h`tkg R}x`g`xt` biedieo v`d` vmxv`d}è xò`j lk`r omijmtxkr*eie omijmtxkr*omijmtxkr dmeoè }g}xè {èo cmhkl gmbkc%

8% _`xe` v}tkl h`tkg [io{` cmhkl tmxèo dè hmxrkl# rmdèogè h`tkg R}x`g`xt` w`xe` v}tkle{` ò`g gmbigc`tè ,mbx}+% 2% _`xe` lkt`j v`d` v`d` h`tkg [io{` [io{` ò`g gmhkx}è gmhkx}è rmdèogè rmdèogè h`tkg R}x`g`xt` gmbigc`tè% 2% ]j}je{` w`xe` h`h`xè rmxt` rioè èt`x` h`tkg d`xk gmd}` d`mx`l tmxrmh}t ò`g hmxhmd`% H`h`xè `d`c`l vxirmr vmebmc}vè tmx`glkx dmeoè rioè ,Dnimjme`# 0;<1> 88+% Xò`j lk`r v`d` r}`t} g`ke h`tkgè tmxd`v`t bix`g dè jitka% Bix`g rmedkxk `d`c`l hmet}g {èo v`ckeo dijkeè# rmvmxtk w`xe`# tmj` h`h`xè dè rkjhic gmrmc}x}lè# rmvmxtk hèo hkx}# rkdic}l}x# rmjme# dè rmhò`ke{`% Rmdèogè jitka `d`c`l hmet}g {èo jmen`dk gijvieme xò`j lk`r% N`dk# xò`j lk`r# jitka# dè bix`g jmx}v`gè r`t} gmr`t}è {èo rèo`t vmetkeo v`d` }er}x g`ke h`tkg ,L`rè}dke# 8668> 0;?+% Xò`j lk`r jme}x}t cig`rk d`mx`le{` dkhòk jmen`dk d}`# {`kt} h`tkg vmrkrkxè dè h`tkg vmd`c`jè)h`tkg gx`tie% Xò`j lk`r kek d`c`j vmxgmjhèoèe{` d`v`t hmx}h`l d`xk w`gt} gm w`gt}% Vmx}h`lè kek hmxd`r`xgè v`d` ckeog}eoè dè vmjkgkxè j`r{`x`g`te{`% D`mx`l C`wm{è# R}x`g`xt` rmedkxk tmxj`r}g d`mx`l vmd`c`jè) gx`tie% H`tkg dk C`wm{è kek jmx}v`gè h`tkg {èo t}jh}l dk `t`r d`r`x*a`r`x akcrà`t N`w` {èo jmeo`b} v`d` vmj}xekè ekc`k*ekc`k rvkxkt}`c dmeoè

=1

jmjèdèo jè}rk` {èo tmxtkh# rmx`rk# dè rmkjhèo% Xò`j lk`r h`tkg vmd`c`jè bmedmx}eo jmjkckgk bix`g dmeoè w`xe` bigc`t gmlkt`j*lkt`jè# l`c kek rmr}`k dmeoè d`mx`le{` {èo hè{`g tmxd`v`t l}tè rmlkeoo` }et}g vmw`xe`èe{` jmeo`jhkc d`xk t}jh}lè% Jmeome`k gmh}d`{`è rmek h`tkg dk C`wm{è rmb`x` hmxèor}x*èor}x jmeo`c`jk vxirmr vmx}h`lè hmet}g# q`xk`rk rmr}`k dmeoè gmh}d`{`è {èo jmw`xe`k v`d` j`r` vmjh}`tèe{`% Rmhmc}j j`r}ge{` h}d`{` d`xk c}`x# rmek h`tkg dk Kediemrk` j`rkl rmdmxlè`% D`c`j vxirmr vmxgmjhèoèe{` rmek h`tkg C`wm{è jmeokg}tk gmj`n}è ~`jè# rmr}`k dmeoè gmj`n}è kcj} vmeomt`l}è dè tmgekg*tmgekg jmgèkr {èo h`x}% Xò`j lk`r h`tkg C`wm{è# R}x`g`xt` v`d` j}cè{` jmeokg}tk xò`j lk`r h`tkg d`xk gmx`n`è)gx`tie% Xò`j lk`r tmxrmh}t jmx}v`gè xò`j lk`r {èo tmc`l h`g} `t`} krtkc`l n`wè{` – dkv`gmjgè ‚% Rmhò`k bietil xò`j lk`r {èo tmc`l h`g}# èt`x` c`ke> xò`j lk`r G`w}eo# R`w`t # dè V`xèo% Xò`j lk`r tmxrmh}t jmjkckgk bkxk gl`r h`tkg vmd`c`jè# d`xk rmok jitka j`}v}e w`xeè{`% Hmxkg}t `gè dkh`l`r vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r h`tkg dk C`wm{è# R}x`g`xt` d`xk t`l}e 0;1=*8666% 0% Vmxgmjhèoè Xò`j Lk`r H`tkg t`l}e 0;16*0;?6 Xò`j lk`r h`tkg C`wm{è# R}x`g`xt` t`l}e 0;16*è jmeokg}tk gmok`tè gmemo`x`è% V`d` t`l}e 0;12# gmtkg` dkrmcmeoo`x`gè Oèmai ,vmrt` ic`lxò` d`xk gmcijvig emo`x`*emo`x` gij}ekr dè vmemetèo kjvmxk`ckr*g`vkt`ckr+# v`x` vmeo}r`l` hè{`g jmemxkj` vmrèè h`tkg

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xò`j lk`r Nc`jvxèo dmeoè w`xe` d`r`x hkx} hmel}x ,hkx} hmel}x jmx}v`gè w`xe` {èo rmdèo dkomj`xk v`d` w`gt} kt}+% Xò`j lk`r nc`jvxèo t`jv`g hmx}v` o`xkr*o`xkr {èo tmxg}jv}c jmj}r`t jmen`dk r`t}# gmj}dkè tmxd`v`t v}c` ixe`jme h}eo`% N`dk jitka nc`jvxèo kek jmx}v`gè gijhke`rk èt`x` g}jv}cè o`xkr {èo jmj}r`t dè jitka h}eo` dmeoè r}r}eè tmx`t}x {èo hmxrmcèo*rmckeo% T`t` w`xe` h`tkg kek dkrmh}t gmcmeoè ,tmxdkxk d`xk w`xe` hkx} dè v}tkl+% Xò`j lk`r nc`jvxèo kek jmeo`jhkc d`xk xò`j lk`r Vmg`cieoè% Jitka Nc`jvxèo jmx}v`gè vmxgmjhèoè jitka ektkg# jitka kek tmxd`v`t v}c` rmhò`k lk`rè v`d` dkedkeo bèdk Vx`jhèè ,L`x{iei# 8664> 86+ ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8# l`c% 080+% Dk r`jvkeo xò`j lk`r nc`jvxèo dkh}`t v}c` h`tkg dmeoè xò`j lk`r q`xk`rk# {`kt} w`xe` d`r`x tmt`v hkx} hmel}x# tmt`vk hmxjitka h}eo` j`w`x# w`{èo# dè o`x}d`% J`ge` akciriakr d`xk gmtko` jitka tmxrmh}t jme}en}ggè bkxk d`xk Kediemrk` ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8# l`c% 088+% V`d` mx` Ixdm H`x} j}c`k t`l}e 0;1= dkhmxc`g}gè rmxò`j hòk v`x` vmo`w`k emomxk dmeoè h`tkg xò`j lk`r Oicg`x ,Oicg`x jmx}v`gè ixoèkr`rk j`rr` v`d` vmjmxket`lè Ixdm H`x}+% Xò`j lk`r kek hmxjitka vilie hmxkeoke dmeoè r}c}x*r}c}xè tè`jè dk rmgkt`xe{`% _`xe` d`r`x {èo dko}e`gè j`rkl hkx}# `gè tmt`vk hkx} {èo dkv`g`k cmhkl jmen}x}r gm hkx} `h}*`h} ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8# l`c% 082+% H`tkg C`wm{è# R}x`g`xt` v`d` j`r` kt} j}c`k jmeo`c`jk vmxgmjhèoè% D`xk rmok jitka# j}c`k cmhkl hmxq`xk`rk dè d`xk rmok t`t` w`xeè{` n}o` jmeo`c`jk vmxomrmxè% _`xe` {èo dko}e`gè cmhkl bmx`l

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dè jmeo`jhkc dmr`ke*dmr`ke d`xk d`mx`l c`ke% V`d` j`r` t`l}e 0;16*è vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r h`tkg dk C`wm{è hmxd`r`xgè v`d` gmok`tè) giedkrk emo`x` {èo hmxrèog}tè% 8% Vmxgmjhèoè Xò`j Lk`r H`tkg T`l}e T`l}e 0;?6*0;<6 0;?6*0;<6 V`d` j`r` j`r` kt} hmxgmjhèo vmr`t h`tkg h`tkg dmeoè xò`j lk`r Rkdi _kx`r`t % _kx`r`t hmx`xtk e`rml`t% V`d` xò`j lk`r kek rmc`c} tmxd`v`t xò`j

lk`r tx}et}j% Xò`j lk`r Rkdi _kx`r`t jmc`jhèogè l`x`vè h`lw` ixèo t}` `gè jme}et}e rmxt` jmjhmxk e`rml`t gmv`d` gmd}` jmjvmc`k {èo `gè jmj`r}gk lkd}v hmx}j`l tèoo` ,Dnimjme`# 0;<1> 02+% Xò`j lk`r Rkdi _kx`r`t kek dkv`g`k v`d` }v`b`x` vmxg`wkeè# hk`rè{` dkv`g`k icml ixèo t}` jmjvmc`k% Xò`j lk`r Rkdi _kx`r`t kek rmhme`xe{` tmxj`r}g xò`j lk`r gx`tie% D`xk rmok w`xe`# w`xe` d`r`x {èo dkv`g`k `d`c`l lkt`j% D`xk rmok jitkae{`# hmx}v` vmxv`d}è èt`x` tx}et}j# t`jh`c# dè g`w}eo% Xò`j lk`r Rkdi _kx`r`t kek hmxgmjhèo# g`xme` h}d`{` d`xk j`r{`x`g`t R}x`g`xt`% J`r{`x`g`t R}x`g`xt` {èo dmg`t dmeoè gx`tie# tmet}e{` jmjkckgk `d`t krtk`d`t `t`} tx`dkrk {èo g}`t% Dmjkgkè v}c` d`c`j vme{mcmeoo`x`è }v`b`x` vmxg`wkeè% Vmj`g`ke xò`j lk`r Rkdi _kx`r`t kek tmc`l jmen`dk tx`dkrk hòk jmxmg` ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8# l`c% 084+% 2% Vmxgmjhèoè Xò`j Lk`r H`tkg T`l}e T`l}e 0;<6*0;;6 0;<6*0;;6 V`d` t`l}e 0;<6*è# rmixèo `lck dè rmekjè h`tkg {`kt} GXL Lieooiv}xi jmebkvt`gè xò`j lk`r h`tkg dmeoè jitka Rmjme ,acix`# a`}e`+% V`d` jitka h`tkg {èo tmxoicieo jitka rmjme rmc`c} tmxd`v`t

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ixe`jme {èo jmeoo`jh`xgè t}jh}lè `t`} tè`jè ,L`x{iei# 8664> 88+% Xò`j lk`r kek hè{`g dkjke`tk icml j`r{`x`g`t R}x`g`xt`% _`xe` d`xk xò`j lk`r kek t`jv`g bmx`l hmxhmd` dmeoè w`xe` xò`j lk`r gx`tie {èo bmedmx}eo omc`v% Vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r h`tkg# t`g c}v}t d`xk rmcmx` j`r{`x`g`t% R}`t} xò`j lk`r `v`hkc` hè{`g {èo jme{}g`ke{`# j`g` `gè jmen`dk jidm v`d` j`r` kt}% Dmjkgkè l`ce{` dmeoè xò`j lk`r bkvt`è GXL Lieooiv}xi% Dk rkek rmhò`k bietil r`c`l r`t} xò`j lk`r {èo dkbkvt`gè icml GXL Lieooiv}xi ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8# l`c% 08=+% Xò`j lk`r rmjme kek hmx}v` acix` dè a`}e`# {`kt} tè`jè r}c}x hmrmxt` h}eo` dè g}v}*g}v}% _`xe` d`r`x jmx`l j}d` dmeoè tktkg*tktkg v}tkl rmhò`k vmeokrk x}èo% V`d` j`r` kek vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r h`tkg dk C`wm{è# R}x`g`xt` hmxd`r`xgè v`d` g`x{` `t`} bkvt`è% 4% Xò`j Lk`r H`tkg T`l}e 0;;6*8666 Xò`j lk`r {èo hmxgmjhèo v`d` j`r` kt} `d`c`l xò`j lk`r N`lm*n`lmè dè Gcmwmx % Xò`j lk`r dk R}x`g`xt`# {èo rmhmc}je{`

dkdijke`rk w`xe` bmx`l gkek gmjh`ck còk gm xò`j lk`r gx`tie {èo bmedmx}eo omc`v% L`c tmxrmh}t tmet} r`n` gmjh`ck v`d` rmcmx` j`r{`x`g`t {èo j}c`k jme{}g`k jitka gc`rkg% Xò`j lk`r n`lm*n`lmè jmjkckgk `xtk rmhò`k c`jhèo gmg`{`è `c`j {èo jmckjv`l tmx}t`j` l`rkc vmxtèkè ,L`x{iei# 0;;?+% Xò`j lk`r n`lm*n`lmè kek jmjkckgk w`xe` d`r`x lkt`j# dmeo` h}eo`*h}eo` gmbkc hmxw`xe` bigc`t% Gmj}dkè t`jv`g jitka tè`jè xkjvèo# {èo jkxkv

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dmeoè tè`jè n`lm% Lkeoo` xò`j lk`r kek dkrmh}t xò`j lk`r n`lm* n`lmè ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8# l`c% 081+% Dkr`jvkeo n`lm*n`lmè# hmxgmjhèo v}c` xò`j lk`r gcmwmx% Dk rkek w`xe` d`r`x n}o` lkt`j# dmeoè jitka tè`jè x`jh`t# dè rmnmekr j`lgit` dmeoè `d` hòkè rmvmxtk d}xk {èo tkjh}c gmc}`x `t`} hmxcmhkl# krtkc`l n`wè{` eocmwmx% Dmeoè jmeome`gè jitka kek dkl`x`vgè vmj`g`ke{` `gè jmed`v`t jmed`v`t xm~mgk {èo cmhkl ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8#l`c% 08?+% =% Vmxgmjhèoè Vmxgmjhèoè Xò`j Lk`r T`l}e 8666*rmg`xèo Vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r dk t`l}e 8666*è# gmjh`ck còk gm xò`j lk`r dmeoè jitka {èo dke`jkr% _`xe` gmjh`ck bmx`l dè jitka v}e hmxèmg` xò`j# rmvmxtk jitka h}eo` j`}v}e jitka omijmtxkr% Rmhò`k bietil xò`j lk`r Bmvcig # dmeoè w`xe` d`r`x jmx`l gmbigc`tè% V`d` tk`v hkdèo x}èo tmxd`v`t jitka tè`jè dè h}eo`% Xò`j lk`r kek tmxj`r}g xò`j lk`r gietmjvixmx ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8# l`c% 08<+% Rmc`ke kt} jitka Rmjme ,h}eo`+ n}o` rèo`t dkomj`xk j`r{`x`g`t% Jitka h}eo` {èo dkbkvt`gè b}g}v hmxq`xk`rk% _`xe` d`r`x lkn`}# jitka h}eo` dkh}`t jmjme}lk hkdèo# dmeoè }g}xè hmr`x dè w`xe` hmxj`b`j*j`b`j ,ckl`t c`jvkxè 8# l`c% 08;+% D`xk vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r tk`v*tk`v vmxkidm# d`v`t dkt`xkg gmrkjv}cè h`lw` tmxd`v`t hmhmx`v` a`gtix {èo jmjvmeo`x}lke{`# rmvmxtk> rkt}`rk emo`x`# g`x{` `t`} bkvt`# hmet}g jitka ,rmcmx` j`r{`x`g`t+% Vmxgmjhèoè {èo v`rtk {`kt} vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r d`xk gmx`n`è) gx`tie lkeoo` gm xò`j lk`r

10

dmeoè jitka dke`jkr)gietmjvixmx% Dkr`jvkeo kt} vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r h`tkg dk R}x`g`xt` n}o` dkvmeo`x}lk icml xò`j lk`r h`tkg d`xk d`mx`l c`ke# tmx}t`j` d`mx`l vmrkrkx% Vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r tmxrmh}t n}o` tkd`g t kd`g cmv`r d`xk vmxgmjhèoè vmxgmjhèoè vmx`c`tè d`c`j vmjh`tkgè# j`}v}e vmxgmjhèoè vmw`xe`èe{`% Vmx`c`tè d`c`j jmjh`tkg dk`w`ck dmeoè bètkeo# b`v lkeoo` vxketkeo ,jmrgkv}e vxketkeo tkd`g j`r}g d`c`j g`tmoixk h`tkg+# d`c`j vmw`xe`è v`d` j}cè{` vmw`xe`è h`tkg jmeoo}e`gè h`lè vmw`xe` `c`jk# rmvmxtk> omt`l vilie# d`}e*d`}eè# g}ckt h}`l# gmj}dkè hmxgmjhèo jmeoo}e`gè vmw`xe` gkjk` ò`x vxirmre{` cmhkl bmv`t dè w`xe` {èo dkl`rkcgè cmhkl hmxq`xk`rk% Dk r`jvkeo kt} vmxèè d`xk v`x` dmrkoemx `t`} rmekjè n}o` hmxvmxè d`c`j vmxgmjhèoè xò`j lk`r h`tkg# g`xme` jmc`c}k jmxmg` xò`j lk`r*xò`j lk`r h`tkg hè{`g tmxbkvt`# jmrgkv}e dmjkgkè xò`j lk`r gc`rkg v}e tkd`g dktkeoo`cgè# g`xme` xò`j lk`r gc`rkg jmjkckgk jitka d`r`x {èo gmj}dkè dkgmjhèogè d`c`j h`tkg dmeoè jitka dke`jkr)gietmjvixmx ,_`wèb`x`# Dxr% Hmni L`x{iei# ; Amhx}`xk 8661+% Jmeome`k `t}xè vmj`g`kè jitka h`tkg tmxtmet} dk d`mx`l R}x`g`xt` dè [io{`g`xt` jmjkckgk `t}xè {èo r`j`# g`xme` gmd}` d`mx`l tmxrmh}t jmx}v`gè d`mx`l Qixrtmecèdme)gmx`n`è% Gmtmet}è tmxrmh}t jme{èog}t# èt`x` c`ke> 0% Gmd}d}gè rirk`c rk vmj`g`k% 8% V`d` gmrmjv`tè `t`} vmxkrtkw` `v` g`ke h`tkg kek dkv`g`k `t`} dkvmxo}e`gè tmxoèt}eo d`xk j`ge` `t`} `xtk dè l`x`vè {èo tmxgèd}eo v`d` xò`j lk`r h`tkg tmxrmh}t ,Dnimjme`# 0;<1> 00+%

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@t}xè {èo dkgmc}`xgè d`xk Gx`tie R}x`g`xt` {`kt} v`d` t`l}e 0?1; icml V`g} H}wiei KKK ,0?4;*0?<<+# rmhò`k hmxkg}t> –@e`dmem `x}v` n`n`xkt gèo g`cmh} keo c`xèoè keor}e> h`tkg r`w`t cè h`tkg v`xèo x}r`g# h`tkg b}jèogkxk gèo b`c`b`v jidèo# hèo}e t}c`g# cmeo` tmcmeo# d`xòmj# cè t}jv`c% @e`dmem h`tkg b}jèogkxk keogèo `b`c`b`v c}eo*c}eoè }t`w` gmgmjhèoè# keogèo keor}e g`wmeèogme èoèooil` v`v`tkl keor}e# cè rmetèkeor}e g`w}cèkeor}e wmdè`‚% –@d`v}e x}v` n`xkt {èo tmxj`r}g c`xèoè r`{`> h`tkg r`w`t tdè h`tkg v`xèo x}r`g# h`tkg b}jèogkxk {èo hmx}v` jitka jidèo hèo}e t}c`g# cmeo` tmcmeo# d`xòmj# dè t}jv`c% @d`v}e h`tkg b}jèogkxk {èo hmx}v` jitka c}eo*c}eoè `t`} gmgmjhèoè ,h}eo`+# r`{` knkegè dkv`g`k icml v`tkl r`{`# dè gmc}`xo` hèor`wè# `hdk d`cmj wmdè` ,L`rè}dke# 8660> 82+ D`xk }x`kè dk `t`r d`v`t dkrkjv}cgè h`lw` h`tkg {èo tkd`g hicml dkgme`gè rmjh`xèo ixèo `d`c`l h`tkg dmeoè jitka r`w`t# v`xèo x}r`g dè b}jèogkxk# h`tkg kek hk`r` dkrmh}t dmeoè h`tkg c`xèoè% H`tkg kek lè{` hicml dkgme`gè icml v`x` gmc}`xo` x`n`# hèor`wè# dè ixèo*ixèo gx`tie% Rmc`ke `t}xè d`xk V`g} H}wiei KKK d`xk Gx`tie R}x`g`xt`# d`xk Gx`tie [io{`g`xt` v`d` j`r` vmjmxket`lè R}ctè L`jmeog}h}wiei QKKK# jitka h`tkg {èo jmen`dk vmdijè }t`j` }et}g jmemet}gè rt`t}r rirk`c dmx`n`d gmhèor`wèè rmrmixèo dk`t}x d`c`j Vxè`tè D`cmj Nmemeom Vèèooi Gmvx`hie

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c`ke rmhò`ke{`% Vmj`g`kè h`tkg n}o` hmxg`ktè dmeoè l`c*l`c {èo rka`te{` txèrmdmet`c `t`} hmxc`t`x hmc`gèo jòkr# jkr`ce{`> v`x` vmeoètke hk`rè{` jmj`g`k g`ke h`tkg jitka rkdic}l}x `t`} rkdij}gtk dmeoè l`x`vè ò`x gmd}` jmjvmc`k rmc`c} jmjvmxicml gmrmn`ltmx`è dè n`h`tè {èo c}l}x d`c`j j`r{`x`g`t% @dè{` c`xèoè hòk vmeoètke }et}g jmj`g`k g`ke h`tkg hmxjitka v`xèo v`xèo x}r`g g`xme` hkr` jmeo`gkh`tgè x}r`ge{` t`ck vmxg`wkeè# dè c`ke*c`kee{` ,Dkxmgtix`t Vmxj}rm}jè# 0;;0> 2*00+% D`c`j vmxgmjhèoèe{`# jitka*jitka h`tkg {èo jmen`dk c`xèoè tmxrmh}t t`jv`ge{` tmc`l jmen`dk v`g`kè gmhè{`gè rml`xk*l`xk% V`d` j`r` rmg`xèo kek# hè{`g j`r{`x`g`t {èo jmeome`gè g`ke h`tkg {èo d`l}c} lè{` hicml dkgme`gè hòk oicieoè hèor`wè r`n`% Jitka*jitka gx`tie hè{`g {èo dkn}`c dk v`r`xè hmh`r# met`l kt} hmx}v` h`tkg t}ckr)b`v j`}v}e h`tkg vxketkeo% Hòk j`r{`x`g`t {èo jmjkckgk }èo cmhkl tmet} `gè jmjkckl h`tkg t}ckr# g`xme` d`xk rmok g}`ckt`re{` cmhkl tmxnò` dè ekc`k rmeke{` v}e tkeook%

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