Study Guide in Literary Criticism
I. Identification
1. This method of analysis became the dominant school of thought during the first two-thirds of the twentieth century in most high school and college literature classes and in both British and American scholarship. Answer: New Criticism 2. This appro approach ach to lite literary rary analysis analysis prov provides ides readers with a formu formula la for arriving at the correct interpretation of a tet using -for the most part- only the text itself. Answer: New Criticism !. "hat is the meaning of hitherto# Answer: Hidden meaning $. %oes the poem in new criticism contain all the necessary information to discover its meaning# Yess Answer: Ye
&. 'e is the founder of (ew )riticism. Answer: John Crowe Ransom *. In the (ew )riticism+ ,ansom articulates the principles of other sympathetic groups and called it as# Answer: Ontological critic . The one who will recognie that a poem is a concrete entity. Answer: Ontological critic
. It is the adherents of (ew )riticism. Answer: New Critics /. They believed that how readers feel and what they personally see in a wor0 of art are what really matters. !m"ressionisticc critics Answer: !m"ressionisti 1. They emphasie the importance of scientific thought in literary analysis. Answer: Naturalism 11. They are the one who declares that human eperience is basically ethical. Answer: New Humanists 12. They are concerned with the artists feelings+ attitudes+ and personal visions ehibited in their wor0. Answer: Romanticism 1!. This view values the individual artists eperiences as evidenced in a tet. Answer: #x"ressi$e School
1$. They re3ected the ,omantic view of life and art. Answer: New Critics 1&. According to his belief+ the reader of poetry must be instructed in literary Techni4ue. Answer: #liot%s &elief 1*. According to 5liot+ only way of epressing emotion through art i s by finding the66666. Answer: O&'ecti$e correlati$e 17. 'e is the one who contribute the practical criticism. Answer: !.( Richards 1. To study poetr y or any literary wor0 is to engage oneself in an 6666666. Answer: (esthetic #x"erience 1/. "imsatt declares+ a poem becomes as 66666. Answer: )er&al icon
2. The intention of this fallacy is to commit a fundamental error of interpretation. Answer: !ntentional *allacy 21. )onfuses what a poem is 8its meaning9 with what it does. Answer: (ffecti$e *allacy 22. ocusing on the strategies + devices+ and techni4ues author s use to elicit a particular reaction or interpr etation of a tet. Answer: Rhetorical Criticism 2!. 'uman beings are basically bundles of desires called 666666. Answer: (""etencies 2$. 'e believes a reader can arrive at better interpretation of a poem than one derived from personal responses to a tet. Answer : !.( Richards 2&. ;he is literary theorist+ author+ scholar+ and professor of literacy+ further developed ,ichards
2/. It means we eperience the tet. "e note ititerary )riticism does not provide us with a unified body of theory or a single methodological approach for tetual analysis. Answer: ReaderOriented Criticism !2. These critics assert that the proper study of tetual analysis must consider both the reader and the tet+ not simply a tet in isolation. Answer: ReaderOriented Criticism !!. It means tracing the changes of language throughout the long epanses. Answer: /iachronic (""roach !$. They are considered as science of language. Answer: -hilology !&. This linguistic hypothesis asserts that words are symbols for things in the world+ each word having its own referent. Answer: +imetic theory of language !*. The focus of this approach is how the language and its parts function. Answer: Synchronic (""roach !7. ;aussure asserts that all languages are composed of basic units called 66666. Answer: #mes !. According to ;aussure+ the basic building bloc0 or unit of language is the 6666666. Answer: -honeme !/. It is the smallest+ meaningful 8significant9 sound in a language. Answer: -honeme $. It the written symbol that represents the phonemes sound. Answer: Gra"heme $1. It is the structure of the language that is mastered and shared by all its spea0ers. Answer: Langue $2. It the proper study of linguistics is the system. Answer: Langue $!. It is the study of individual utterances of its spea0ers. Answer: -arole $$. 'e come up with the study of sign is e4ual to signifier over signified. Answer: *erdinand de Saussure
$&. This theory focuses on the structure of the literary peace. Answer: Structuralism ,heory
$*. ;aussure proposed a new science called 66666. Answer: Semiology $7. It emphasies the system of langue not parole. Answer: Structuralism $. A tet convenes meaning rather than what meaning is conveyed. Answer: Structuralism $/. It emphasies the system of literature and not individual tet or intention of the author Answer: Structuralism &. It is the process of analying a story using all the elements involved in its telling+ such as narrator+ voice+ style+ verb tense+ personal pronouns+ audience and so forth. Answer: Narratology &1. 'e helped in developing a specific 0ind of structuralism 0nown as narratology. Answer: Cerard -rince &2. It is a modem philosophical tendency that emphasies the perceiver. Answer: -henomenology &!. 'e emphasies that a tets social history must be considered when interpreting the tet. Answer: Hans Ro&ert Jauss &$. 'e believes that it is impossible to separate what is 0nown from the mind that 0nows it. Answer: 0olfgang !ser &&. This means epectations about what will or should happen net. Answer: Hori1ons of #x"ectations &*. The readers thoughts+ beliefs+ and eperiences play a greater part than the actual tet in shaping a wor0s meaning. Answer: Su&'ecti$e Criticism &7. 'e believes that the tet is indeed important because it contains its own themes+ unity+ and structure. Answer: Norman Holland &. 'e is the founder of ;ub3ective )riticism Answer: /a$id 2leich &/. According to him the starting point for interpretation is the readers responses to a tet+ not the tet itself. Answer: /a$id 2leich
*. 'is approach to tets has developed through time. Answer: Stanley *ish *1. 'e coined the term affecti$e stylistics or rece"tion aesthetics to descri be his reading strategy. Answer: Stanley *ish *2. 'e is one of the first scholar-researchers who implement ;aussures principles of linguistics to narrative discourse in the 1/&s and 1/*s. Answer: Claude Le$iStrauss *!. "hat he wanted to discover was myth s langue+ its overall structure that allows individual eamples 8parole9 to function and have meaning. Answer: Claude Le$iStrauss *$. This pair is produced by using the same articulatory organs and in the same place in the mouth. Answer: +inimal "air *&. It means the opposite of the things. Answer: 2inary O""osition **. 'is assumption that meaning develops through difference to all social contets+ including fashions+ familial relations+ dining+ and literature. Answer: Roland 2arthes *7. It is a group of structuralists. Answer: Narratologist *. It is the science of narrative. Answer: Structuralist Narratology */. According to him all fol0 or fairy tales are based on thirty-one fied elements+ or what he calls narrative functions. Answer: )ladimir -ro"" 7. 'e declares that all stories are composed of grammatical units. Answer: ,1$etan ,odoro$ 71. 'e believes that tropes or figures of speech re4uire a readers special attention. Answer: Gerard Genette 72. These words used to describe language. Answer: +etalanguage 7!. 'e became the voice of structuralism in the ?nited ;tates and too0 structuralism in yet another direction. Answer: Jonathan Culler 7$. 'e asserts that readers have internalied a set of rules that govern their acts of interpretation. Answer: Jonathan Culler
7&. It means how we achieve meaning through linguistic signs and other symbols. Answer: Signification 7*. It means a tet has many meanings and therefore+ no definitive interpretation. Answer: 3ndecida&ility 77. "hen he read his paper entitled =;tructure+ ;ign+ and @lay in the %iscourse of the 'uman ;ciences= the term deconstruction evolved. Answer: Jac4ues /errida 7. 'is approach to reading and literary analysis is more a =strategic device=. Answer: Jac4ues /errida 7/. It is an eternal point of reference upon which one may build a concept or philosophy. Answer: ,ranscendental signified . It provides the central meaning. Answer: ,ranscendental signified 1. It is a belief that an ultimate reality or center of truth eists and can serve as the basis for all our thoughts and actions. Answer: Logocentrism 2. This means privileging of speech over writing. Answer: -honocentrism !. This term coined by %errida to encompass those ideas such as logocentrism+ phonocentrism+ the operation of binary oppositions+ and other notions that "estern thought posits in its conceptions of language and metaphysics. Answer: +eta"hysics of -resence $. The science of writing and his investigation of the origin of language itself. Answer: Grammatology &. According to %erridas metaphysical reasoning+ language then becomes a special 0ind of writing+ which he calls 6666666. Answer: (rchewriting or (rchiecriture. *. %errida uses the term 66666666 to refer to the unstable relationship between elements in a binary operation. Answer: Su""lementation
II. True or alse and write the correct answer. 1. (ew )riticism stands as the best 5nglish-based contributions to literary critical analysis. Answer: * one of the most important 2. (ew )riticism helps generation of readers to become open readers of tets. Answer: * )lose reader
!. ,ansom is one of the leading advocates of new criticism. Answer: , $. ugitives is a group that believed in and practiced similar interpretative approaches to a tet. Answer: , &. Intrinsic Analysis became the norm in the literature departments of many American universities. Answer: * 5trinsic Analysis *. (ew )riticism represents a coherent body of critical theory and methodology espoused by its followers. Answer: * does not represent 7. (aturalism believes that human beings are animals that are caught in a world that operates on definable scientific principles and that respond somewhat instinctively to their environment and internal drives. Answer: , . (ew 'umanists valued the moral 4ualities of art. Answer: , /. (ew )ritics assert that only the poem itself can be ob3ectively evaluated+ not the feelings+ attitudes+ values+ and beliefs of the author or the reader. Answer: ,
1. The (ew )ritics belong to a broad classification of literary criticism called ormalism. Answer: , 11. According to I.A. ,ichards+ (ew )riticism borrows its insistence that criticism be directed toward the poem+ not the poet. Answer 5 * T.;. 5liot 12. 5liot maintains that a good reader perceives the poem structurally+ resulting in good criticism. ;uch a reader must necessarily be trained in reading good poetry and be well ac4uainted with established poetic traditions. Answer 5 , 1!. A poor reader simply epresses his or her personal emotions and reactions to a tet . Answer: , 1$. 5liot declares that in the (ew )ritics there are both good and bad readers and good and bad criticism. Answer: , 1&. erdinand de ;aussure is the founder of structuralism. Answer: ,
1*. The transcendental signified could not be understood without comparing it with other signifieds or signifiers. Answer: * can be understood 6. The word differer+ meaning =to defer+ postpone+ or delay+= and =to differ+ to be different from.= Answer: ,
!!!. #numeration
1. "ho are those people who hold to some of the same (ew )ritical assumptions of poetic analysis# Answer: ohn )rowe ,ansom ,ene "elle0 "illiam C. "imsatt ,.@. Blac0mur I.A. ,ichards ,obert @enn "arren )leanth Broo0s 2. Two British critics and authors who helped lay the foundation for this form of ormalistic analysis. Answer: T.;. 5liot I.A. ,ichards !. ;uperior poetry+ declare the (ew )ritics+ achieves such oneness through 666666. Answer: @arado Irony Ambiguity $. Dive the three 0inds of narratee. Answer: ,eal reader 8person actually reading the boo09+ Eirtual reader 8the reader to whom the author believes he or she is writing9 Ideal reader 8the one who eplicitly and implicitly understands all the nuances+ terminology+ and structure of the tet9. &. Dive the two differentiates reader according to Iser. Answer: The im"lied reader is the reader implied by the tet+ one who is predisposed to appreciate the overall effects of the tet. The actual reader is the person who physically pic0s up the tet and reads it.
@repared by:
-arhanah 2. 2ucay
