The Eight Cases in Sanskrit

The eight cases

Cases

Meaning

"It names"; in short, when the noun (or adjective) is declined in this i t occupies the subject position in the Nominative Case, is just named and it sentence. For example: "man eats". It adds "totoward"; that is, when the noun (or adjective) is declined Accusative in this Case occupies the place o! irect #bject. For example: "the$

eat man". It adds "b$throu%hb$ means o!with"; that is, when whe n the noun (or Instrumenta adjective) is declined in this Case appears as an "instrument" o! the l

verb. For example: "the$ %row by man"

It adds "to!or"; that is, when the noun (or adjective) is declined in Dative

this Case occupies the place o! Indirect #bject. For example: "we %ive !ood to man". In this case "man" is the Indirect #bject, and "!ood" is the irect #bject o! the verb. It adds "!rombecause o!due to"; that is, i s, when the noun (or

Ablative

adjective) is declined in this Case indicates an ori%in or else an instrument. For example: "the$ come from man", or else, " from man ever$thin% is %enerated".

Genitive

It adds "o!"; that is, when the noun (or adjective) is declined in this Case %ives a sense o! belon%in% to. For example: "the cat of man". It adds "inon"; that is, when the noun (or adjective) is declined in

Locative

this Case %ives a sense o! location. For example: "virtues live in man".

It adds "oh&eh&he$&"; that is, when the noun (or adjective) is Vocative

declined in this Case %ives a sense o! invocation or callin%. For example: "Oh man, wa'e up&", and also " hey man, come closer&"

 he simple chart o! terminations !or masculine nouns endin% in "a" is as !ollows: Terminations for nouns ending in "a" vowel Cases

ingular

Dual

!lural

Nominative

a

au

*

Accusative

am

au

*n

Instrumental

ena

*bh$*m

ai

Dative

*$a

*bh$*m

ebh$a

Ablative

*t

*bh$*m

ebh$a

Genitive

as$a

a$o

*n*m

Locative

e

a$o

e+u

Vocative

a

au

*

et us see an actual example now, b$ usin% the word "-iva" ("uspicious"; an epithet o! the /upreme 0ein%) Declining a word ending in "a" vowel Cases

ingular

Dual

!lural

Nominative

1iva

1ivau

1iv*

Accusative

1ivam

1ivau

1iv*n

Instrumental

1ivena

1iv*bh$*m

1ivai

Dative

1iv*$a

1iv*bh$*m

1ivebh$a

Ablative

1iv*t

1iv*bh$*m

1ivebh$a

Genitive

1ivas$a

1iva$o

1iv*n*m

Locative

1ive

1iva$o

1ive+u

Vocative

1iva

1ivau

1iv*

nd now, just in case $ou have %otten lost amon% so man$ words, I am placin% one more chart with the possible translations o! all these declensions !or the noun "-iva".

Translation Cases

Singular

Nominative the uspicious #ne

Accusative

to the uspicious #ne

Dual

the two uspicious to the two uspicious

Plural

the uspicious (2 or more) to the uspicious (2 or more)

b$throu%hb$ means b$throu%hb$ means b$throu%hb$ means Instrumenta o!with the l

uspicious #ne

Dative

Locative

Vocative

uspicious

(2 or more) to!or the uspicious (2

#ne

or more)

to the uspicious #ne

Genitive

o!with the uspicious

to!or the uspicious to!or the two !rombecause o!due

Ablative

o!with the two

o! the uspicious #ne

uspicious !rombecause o!due to the two uspicious o! the two uspicious

!rombecause o!due to the uspicious (2 or more) o! the uspicious (2 or more)

inon the uspicious inon the two

inon the uspicious (2

#ne

uspicious

or more)

#h uspicious

#h two

#h uspicious (2 or

#ne&eh, uspicious uspicious&eh, two

more)&eh, uspicious

#ne&

(2 or more)&

uspicious&