Mechanics – Motion:
Understand the difference between scalar quantities and vector quantities
Understand how to add vectors vectors using trigonometry and the parallelogram rule
Understand that a vector quantity at an angle can be split into its horizontal and vertical components
Understand and know the differences differences and definitions for
Distance and displacement
Speed and velocity - and differentiate between instantaneous instantaneous and average velocities
Force and acceleration
Know how to draw distance/displacement distance/displacement – time, velocity – time or acceleration – time graphs What is the difference difference between UNIFORM UNIFORM velocity and CONSTANT velocity velocity Know the /displacement – time, velocity – time or acceleration – time graphs for objects that are:
Stationary
Moving with constant velocity
Accelerating uniformly uniformly
Accelerating non non – uniformly
Decelerating uniformly
Know what the gradient and area under the graphs mean for the different types of graphs mentioned above
Know and learn the four main equations of motion
Understand that the four main equations of motion are only applicable when acceleration is constant
Understand what is free fall and the condition for free fall
Know what is a projectile and its trajectory
Know the different types of projectile trajectories : vertical, horizontal and angular angular
Know which equations to use to calculate the time taken, the vertical velocity and horizontal velocity and distance
Explain angular projectiles follow a parabolic path
Explain why an object projected horizontally and dropped vertically simultaneously simultaneously will reach ground at the same instant
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Mechanics – Forces:
Understand the different types of forces, e.g., contact forces, non- contact forces, electromagnetic f0rces, etc. State and explain Newton’s First Law of Motion
Explain what is equilibrium and relate Newton’s first law with bodies in equilibrium
Understand the concept of inertia, mass and weight
Understand how the centre of gravity of a body affects the stability of a body in equilibrium
Understand how to draw vector diagrams of objects in equilibrium
Understand how to draw free – body force diagrams
State and explain
Know the effect of change in force acting on a fixed mass
Know the effect of change in mass on the acceleration produced by a fixed force
Understand that a resultant force is needed for an acceleration to occur and that they are proportional to each other
Explain the concept of the unit of newton using the equation F = ma
Remember that the acceleration is always in the direction of the resultant force
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Explain how Newton’s Second Law includes the First Law
Calculate the resultant force on multi-body systems
Explain the concept of apparent weightlessness
State and explain
Understand that forces come in pairs
Remember the conditions for two forces to be a Newton’s Third Law pair force
Understand how to recognize third law pair forces
Understand the connection between Newton’s third law and equilibrium
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Mechanics – Mechanics in the Real World:
Explain the motion of a bouncing ball with appropriate graphs
Draw velocity – time graph for a person falling under under free fall and then opening opening the parachute
Explain the change in weight of bodies inside a lift
Understand what forces act on a vehicle to make it move and keep it moving
Understand the physics behind the safety of vehicles e.g. use of crumple zones, thinking distance, braking distance, distance, etc.
Show how forces act on sports people, e.g. bungee jumpers, rock climber, parachutist in free fall
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Mechanics – Work, energy and power:
Understand the difference between work and energy with respect to their definitions
Understand the relationship between work and energy
Explain the definition of a joule
Define potential energy (gravitational and elastic) and kinetic energy
Derive the formula for kinetic energy
Understand that all forms of energy can be described in terms of potential energy and kinetic energy
Understand that gravitational gravitational potential energy is directly converted to kinetic energy during free fall
Understand the concept of internal energy
Understand and explain explain the principle of conservation of energy
Learn how to draw Sankey diagrams
Calculate efficiency
Define what is power
Link power with motion and derive the corresponding formula
Materials – Fluids:
Define density and pressure
Derive the equation of pressure of a fluid in terms of height and density
Explain how upthrust equals the weight of the fluid displaced
Explain how objects float
Explain why a ship floats while a brick sinks
Define stream lines
Define laminar flow and turbulent flow
Learn the real world applications of laminar flow and turbulent flow e.g. designs of aeroplanes, sports cars, etc.
Define viscosity
Understand that viscosity of a fluid depends on the temperature of the fluid
Learn the unit for the coefficient for viscosity
Understand that viscous drag acts on an object moving through fluids
Learn that the viscous drag force is given by Stokes’ law
Remember the conditions for Stokes’ law Stokes’ law to be valid
Understand that an object achieves terminal velocity when the resultant force on the object is zero
Draw the free body force diagram for a sphere falling down or moving up in a fluid and write down relevant equations
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Materials – Solid Materials:
Define the types of materials: rigid, elastic and plastic
Define elastic and plastic deformation
Define the different pr operties of materials: hardness, toughness, stiffness, brittle, malleable, ductile, etc.
Define elastic and plastic behaviour of a solid
Define Hooke’s law
Explain the different parts of the graph of a spring being stretched beyond its elastic limit
Define elastic limit, limit of proportionality, yield point, breaking point and hysteresis
Understand the force-extension graph for natural rubber
Learn the different force-extension graphs for different types of metal wires
Define elastic strain energy and how to calculate it f orm a force-extension graph
Define stress, strain and Young modulus
Define tensile and compressive stress and strain
Understand the difference between stiffness and Young modulus
Understand the concept of necking
Explain a given stress-strain graph
Understand that the gradient and area of a stress-strain graph gives the Young modulus and energy density respectively
Define yield stress, UTS and breaking point
Learn the different stress-strain graphs for rubber, glass, copper wire, wood, iron, etc
