VTU 8TH SEM CSE ADHOC NETWORKS NOTES 10CS841

OMLFG EI][FQBW Wua Gfmi Lrs/[iib ]fto` Lrs

: ?3NW<=?/?3GW<=? : 3= : 91

NO Dorbs Ixod Lfurs Ixod Dorbs

: 19 : 37 : ?33

SOQ] ‗ O O YEN] ? 8 Lfurs Netrfmugtnfe: Om lfg Eitwfrbs: Netrfmugtnfe, Nssuis ne Om lfg wnriìss eitwfrbs, Om lfg wnriìss netireit. YEN] 1 ; Lfurs DOG ‗ ?: ?: DOG Srftfgf`s hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs: Netrfmugtnfe, Nssuis ne misnkenek o DOG prftfgf` hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs, Misnke kfo`s fh o DOG prftfgf` hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs, Gòssnhngotnfe fh DOG prftfgf`s, Gfetietnfe aosim prftfgf`s wntl risirvotnfe risirvotnfe digloensds. YEN] 7 8 Lfurs DOG ‗ 1: Gfetietnfe-aosim DOG prftfgf`s wntl sglimu`nek digloensd, DOG prftfgf`s tlot usi mnrigtnfeo` oetieeos, Ftlir DOG prftfgf`s. YEN] = ; Lfurs Qfutnek ‗ ?: ?: Qfutnek prftfgf`s hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs: Netrfmugtnfe, Nssuis ne misnkenek o rfutnek prftfgf` hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs, Gòssnhngotnfe fh rfutnek prftfgf`s, ]oaì mrnvi rfutnek prftfgf`, Fe-midoem rfutnek prftfgf`.

SOQ]- A YEN] 9 8 Lfurs Qfutnek ‗ 1: 1: Lyarnm rfutnek prftfgf`, Qfutnek prftfgf`s wntl ihhigtnvi h`ffmnek digloensds, Lnirorglngo` rfutnek prftfgf`s, Sfwir owori rfutnek prftfgf`s YEN] 8 ; Lfurs ]roespfrt @oyir: ]roespfrt òyir prftfgf`s hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs: Netrfmugtnfe, Nssuis ne misnkenek o troespfrt òyir prftfgf` hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs, Misnke kfo`s fh o troespfrt òyir prftfgf` hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs, Gòssnhngotnfe fh troespfrt òyir sfùtnfes, ]GS fvir Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs, Ftlir troespfrt òyir prftfgf`s hfr Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs. YEN] ; 8 Lfurs Wigurnty : Wigurnty: Wigurnty ne wnriìss Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs, Eitwfrb sigurnty riqunridiets, Nssuis & glo`ìekis ne sigurnty prfvnsnfenek, Eitwfrb sigurnty ottogbs, Biy doeokidiet, Wiguri rfutnek ne Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs. YEN] < ; Lfurs _fW: _uo`nty fh sirvngi ne Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs: Netrfmugtnfe, Nssuis oem glo`ìekis ne prfvnmnek _fW ne Om lfg wnriìss Eitwfrbs, Gòssnhngotnfe fh _fW sfùtnfes, DOG òyir sf` utnfes, eitwfrb òyir sfùtnfes.

]ixt Affbs: ?. G. Wnvo Qod Durtly & A. W. Doefj: Doefj: Om lfg [nriìss Eitwfrbs, 1em Imntnfe, Siorsfe Imugotnfe, 1339

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YEN] 7: DOG ‗1

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YEN] 8: ]QOEWSFQ] @OÎQ

=1-91

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OMLFG EI][FQBW EI][FQBW

YEN] ?: NE]QFMYG]NFE GI@@Y@OQ OEM OMLFG [NQI@IWW EI][FQBW

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]li gurriet gi`ùòr wnriìss eitwfrbs ori gòssnhnim os tli nehrostrugturi -mipiemiet eitwfrb. ]li potl-situp hfr o go`` aitwiie twf efmis, soy, efmi G tf I, ns gfdpìtim tlrfukl aosi-stotnfe(Hnk 9.1)















OMLFG EI][FQBW EI][FQBW      

Omlfg wnriìss eitwfrbs ori mihneim os o gotikfry fh wnriìss eitwfrb. ]liy utn`nzi du`tn-lfp romnf ripòynek. ]liy ori gopoaì fh fpirotnek wntlfut tli suppfrt fh oey hnxim nehrostrugturi. Oasiegi fh oey gietro` gf-frmneotfr (fr aosi stotnfe) dobis tli rfutnek gfdpìx. Omlfg eitwfrb tfpf`fky hfr tli gi`ùòr eitwfrb ns n`ùstrotim ai`fw (Hnk 9.7) . ]li potl-situp hfr o go`` aitwiie 1 efmis, soy, efmi G tf I, ns gfdpìtim tlrfukl tli netirdimnoti dfanì efmi H.

Hnkuri 9.7: Oe omlfg wnriìss eitwfrb
















Mnhhiriegi aitwiie Gi`ùòr Eitwfrbs oem Omlfg [nriìss Eitwfrbs

OSS@NGO]NFEW FH OMLFG [NQI@IWW EI][FQBW Dn`ntory Opp`ngotnfe • Omlfg eitwfrbs goe ai usim tf istoa`nsl gfdduengotnfe odfek o krfup fh sf`mnirs hfr togtngo` fpirotnfes. • Wittnek up fh o hnxim nehrostrugturi hfr gfdduengotnfe odfek krfup fh sf`mnirs ne ieidy tirrntfrnis (fr ne nelfspntoaì tir rones) doy eft ai pfssnaì. Ne sugl o gosi, omlfg eitwfrbs goe ai usim tf prfvnmi riqunrim gfdduengotnfe qungb`y. • ]li dn`ntory opp`ngotnfe iehfrgis hf``fwnek riqunridiets * Qi`noan`nty * Ihhngniegy * Wiguri gfdduengotnfe * Wuppfrt hfr du`tngost rfutnek Gf`òafrotnvi & Mnstrnautim Gfdputnek • Omlfg eitwfrb goe ai usim tf istoa`nsl tidpfrory gfdduengotnfe nehrostrugturi odfek o krfup fh pifpì ne o gfehiriegi. • Ne mnstrnautim hnì slornek opp`ngotnfe, ri`noan`nty ns fh lnkl ndpfrtoegi wlngl wfu`m ai prfvnmim ay omlfg eitwfrb. • Ftlir opp`ngotnfes sugl os striodnek fh du`tndimno faji gts riqunri suppfrt hfr sfht rio`-tndi gfdduengotnfe. • Mivngis usim goe ai ↑ òptfps wntl omm-fe wnriìss netirhogi gorms ↑ ieloegim SMO (Sirsfeo` Mnknto` Ossnstoet) fr ↑ dfanì mivngis wntl lnkl prfgissnek pfwir
















Idirkiegy Fpirotnfes • Omlfg eitwfrbs goe ai usim ne idirkiegy fpirotnfes sugl os * siorgl oem risgui * grfwm gfetrf` & * gfddoemf fpirotnfes • ]li dojfr hogtfrs tlot hovfr omlfg eitwfrbs hfr sugl tos bs ori ↑ si`h-gfehnkurotnfe fh systid wntl dnendo` fvirliom ↑ nemipiemiet fh hnxim nehrostrugturi ↑ hriimfd oem hìxnan`nty fh dfan`nty & ↑ ueovonòan`nty fh gfevietnfeo` gfdduengotnfe nehrostrugturi • Ne ievnrfediets wliri tli nehrostrugturi-aosim nehrostrugturi -aosim gfdduengotnfe hogn`ntnis ori mistrfyim mui tf eoturo` goòdntnis (fr mui tf o wor), nddimnoti mip`fydiet fh omlfg eitwfrbs wfu`m ai o kffm sfùtnfe hfr gf -frmneotnek risgui ogtnvntnis. [nriìss Disl Eitwfrb ([DE) • [DE goe ai hfrdim tf prfvnmi oe o`tireoti gfdduengotnfe -nehrostrugturi hfr dfanì fr hnxim efmis, * wntlfut tli spigtrud riusi gfestronet & * wntlfut tli riqunridiet fh eitwfrb pòeenek fh gi`ùòr eitwfrb • Nt prfvnmis doey o`tireoti potls hfr moto troeshir aitwiie sfurgi & mistneotnfe, mistneotnfe, wlngl risu`ts ne qungb ri gfehnkurotnfe fh potl wlie tli ixnstnek potl hon`s mui tf efmi-honùri. • Dojfr omvoetokis ori * `fw gfst fh mip`fydiet * lnkl sgoòan`nty * suppfrt hfr o lnkl moto-roti * iosy ixtiemoan`nty * lnkl ovonòan`nty & * `fw gfst/ant • Wnegi tli nehrostrugturi-aun`t nehrostrugturi -aun`t ns ne tli hfrd fh sdo`` romnf riòynek-mivngis, tli nevistdiet riqunrim ns dugl ìss wlie gfdporim tf gi`ùòr-eitwfrb gfuetirport. • ]li pfssnaì pfssnaì mip`fydiet sgieornfs negùmi * risnmietno` zfeis * lnklwoys * ausneiss zfeis * ndpfrtoet gnvn`noe riknfes & * uenvirsnty godpusis • Nt slfu`m ai gopoaì fh si`h -frkoenzotnfe si`h -frkoenzotnfe oem donetieoegi. • Nt fpirotis ot `ngiesi-hrii `ngiesi -hrii NWD aoem orfuem 1.= KLz & 9 KLz.


















[nriìss Wiesfr Eitwfrbs ([WE) ]lisi ori usim tf prfvnmi o wnriìss gfdduengotnfe nehrostrugturi odfek tli siesfrs mip`fyim ne o spignhng opp`ngotnfe mfdone. Wiesfr-efmis ori tney mivngis tlot lovi gopoan`nty fh ↑ siesnek plysngo` poroditirs ↑ prfgissnek tli moto kotlirim & ↑ gfdduengotnek tf tli dfentfrnek systid 

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]li nssuis tlot dobi siesfr eitwfrb o mnstnegt gotikfry fh omlfg eitwfrb ori tli hf``fwnek ?.

Efmi Dfan`nty Dfan`nty fh efmis ns eft o doemotfry riqunridiet ne s iesfr-eitwfrbs. Hfr ixodpì, ↑ tli efmis usim hfr pirnfmng dfentfrnek fh sfn` prfpirtnis ori eft r iqunrim tf ai dfanì ↑ tli efmis hnttim fe tli afmnis fh potniets ori misnkeim tf suppfrt portno` dfan`nty Ne kieiro`, siesfr-eitwfrbs eiim eft ne o`` gosis ai misnkeim tf suppfrt dfan`nty fh efmis. Eitwfrb Wnzi ]li eudair fh efmis ne siesfr eitwfrb goe ai dugl òrkir tloe tlot ne o typngo` omlfg eitwfrb Miesnty fh Mip`fydiet ]li miesnty fh efmis vornis wntl tli mfdone fh opp`ngotnfe. Hfr ixodpì, dn`ntory opp`ngotnfes riqunri lnkl ovonòan`nty fh eitwfrb, wlngl dobis rimuemoegy o lnkl prnfrnty. Sfwir Gfestronets ]li pfwir gfestronets ne siesfr eitwfrbs ori dugl dfri siviri tloe tlfsi ne omlfg eitwfrbs. ]lns ns done`y aigousi tli efmis ori ixpigtim tf fpiroti ne lorsl ievnrfedieto` gfemntnfes, wntl dnendud ludoe supirvnsnfe & donetieoegi. Ne girtone gosi, tli riglorknek fh tli ieirky sfurgi ns ndpfssnaì. Queenek sugl o eitwfrb midoems viry ihhngniet prftfgf` ot eitwfrb, moto `neb, oem plysngo` òyir. ]li pfwir sfurgis goe ai gòssnhnim netf hf``fwnek 7 gotikfrnis ↑ Qipìensloaì Sfwir Wfurgi: ]li Wfurgi: ]li pfwir sfurgi goe ai ripògim wlie tli ixnstnek sfurgi ns hu``y mroneim. ↑ Efe-ripìensloaì Sfwir Wfurgi: Wfurgi: ]li pfwir sfurgi goeeft ai ripìenslim fegi tli eitwfrb los aiie mip`fyim. ]li ripògidiet fh efmi ns tli fe`y sfùtnfe. ↑ Qikieirotnvi Sfwir Wfurgi: Liri, Wfurgi: Liri, pfwir sfurgi lovi tli gopoan`nty fh rikieirotnek pfwir hrfd tli plysngo` poroditir uemir diosuridiet. Moto/Nehfrdotnfe Husnfe Moto husnfe rihirs tf tli okkrikotnfe fh du`tnpì pogbits netf fei aihfri riòynek nt . Moto husnfe ns usim ↑ tf rimugi aoemwnmtl gfesudim ay rimuemoet liomirs fh pogbits & ↑ tf rimugi miòy nevf`vim ne troesdnttnek du`tnpì pogbits Nehfrdotnfe husnfe ns usim ↑ tf prfgiss siesim moto ot netirdimnoti efmis & ↑ tf riòy tli futgfdi tf tli dfentfrnek systid ]rohhng Mnstrnautnfe ]li gfdduengotnfe trohhng pottire vornis wntl tli mfdone fh opp`ngotnfe. Hfr ixodpì, ↑ Ievnrfedieto` siesnek opp`ngotnfe kieirotis slfrt pirnfmng pogbits nemngotnek tli stotus fh

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7.

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Lyarnm [nriìss Eitwfrbs Fei fh tli dojfr opp`ngotnfe orios fh omlfg eitwfrb ns ne tli lyarnm wnriìss orglntigturi sugl os Du`tn-lfp Gi`ùòr EitwfrbRDGET & Netikrotim Gi`ùòr Omlfg Omlfg QiòyRnGOQT. ]li prndory gfegipt ailnem gi`ùòr eitwfrbs ns kifkroplngo` gloeei`-riusi. Wiviro` tiglenquis `nbi gi`` sigtfrnek, gi`` risnznek oem du`tn tnir gi``s negriosi tli gopognty fh gi`ùòr eitwfrbs. DGEs gfdanei ↑ ri`noan`nty & suppfrt fh hnxim aosi -stotnfe fh gi`ùòr eitwfrb wntl ↑ hìxnan`nty & du`tn-lfp riòynek omlfg eitwfrbs Dojfr omvoetokis ori os hf``fws ↑ Lnklir gopognty tloe gi`ùòr eitwfrbs mui tf tli aittir gloeei` riusi ↑ Negriosim hìxnan`nty & ri`noan`nty ne rfutnek ↑ Aittir gfviroki & gfeeigtnvnty ne lfìs fh o gi`` goe ai prfvnmim ay dioes fh du`tnpì lfps tlrfukl netirdimnoti efmis ne o gi`` 

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NWWYIW NE OM LFG [NQI@IWW EI][FQBW ]li dojfr nssuis tlot ohhigt tli misnke, mip`fydiet, & pirhfr doegi fh oe om lfg wnriìss eitwfrb systid ori:  Dimnud Oggiss Oggiss Wglidi  ]roespfrt ]roespfrt @oyir @oyir Srftfgf` Srftfgf`  Qfutne Qfutnek k  Ieirky Doeokidiet Doeokidiet  Du`tngostne Du`tngostnek k  Wi`h Wi`h -Frkoenzotnfe  Wgoòan`nty Wgoòan`nty  Ommrissnek Ommrissnek &Wirvngi mnsgfviry  Srngnek Srngnek Wglidi Wglidi  Mip`fydiet Mip`fydiet gfesnmirotn gfesnmirotnfes fes  _fWSrfvnsnfenek fWSrfvnsnfenek Dimnud Oggiss Wglidi ]li prndory rispfesnan`nty fh o Dimnud Oggiss Gfetrf` (DOG) prftfgf` ns : tli mnstrnautim orantrotnfe hfr tli slorim gloeei` hfr troesdnssnfe f h pogbits.

] li dojfr dojfr n ssuis tf tf ai ai gfesnmirim gfesnmirim n e misn misnkk enek en ek o DO G prftfgf` prftfgf` or or i os os hf``f h f``fws ws ?. Mnstrnautim Fpirotnfe • ]li omlfg eitwfrbs eiim tf fpiroti ne ievnrfediets wliri ef gietro`nzim gf -frmneotnfe ns pfssnaì. • ]li DOG prftfgf` misnke slfu`m ai hu``y mnstrnautim nevf`vnek dnendud gfetrf`-fvirliom. 1. Wyeglrfenzotnfe • ]li DOG prftfgf` misnke slfu`m tobi netf oggfuet tli riqunridiet fh tndi -syeglrfenzotnfe. • Wyeglrfenzotnfe ns doemotfry hfr ]MDO -aosim systids hfr doeokidiet fh troesdnssnfe & rigiptnfe s`fts. 7. Lnmmie ]irdneo`s • Lnmmie tirdneo`s ori efmis tlot ori lnmmie (fr eft riogloaì) hrfd tli siemir fh o moto troesdnssnfe sissnfe, aut ori riogloaì tf tli riginvir fh tli sissnfe. =. Ixpfsim ]irdneo`s • Ixpfsim tirdneo`s, Ixpfsim tirdneo`s, tli efmis tlot ori ne t li troesdnssnfe-roeki fh tli siemir fh oe f e-kfnek sissnfe, ori privietim hrfd dobnek o troesdnssnfe. 9. ]lrfuklput • ]li DOG prftfgf` slfu`m ottidpt tf doxndnzi tli tlrfuklput fh tli systid, wlngl goe ai mfei ay ↑ Dnendnznek tli fggurriegi fh gf``nsnfes. ↑ Doxndnznek gloeei` utn`nzotnfe oem ↑ Dnendnznek gfetrf` fvirliom. 8. Oggiss Miòy • Nt rihirs tf tli oviroki miòy tlot oey pogbit ixpirniegis tf kit troesdnttim. • ]li DOG prftfgf` slfu`m ottidpt tf dnendnzi tli miòy. ;. Honreiss • Nt rihirs tf tli oan`nty fh tli DOG prftfgf` tf prfvnmi oe iquo` slori (fr winkltim slori) fh tli aoemwnmtl tf o`` gfdpitnek efmis. • Honreiss goe ai intlir efmi-aosim efmi -aosim fr h`fw-aosim. <. Qisfurgi Qisirvotnfe • ]li prfvnsnfenek fh _fW riqunris risirvotnfe fh risfurgis sugl os aoemwnmtl, auhhir spogi, oem prfgissnek pfwir. >. Oan`nty tf diosuri Qisfurgi Ovonòan`nty • ]li DOG prftfgf` slfu`m ai oaì tf prfvnmi oe istndotnfe fh risfurgi ovonòan`nty o t iviry efmi ne frmir ↑ tf loemì tli risfurgis ihhngniet`y oem ↑ tf pirhfrd go`` omdnssnfe gfetrf` • ]lns goe o`sf ai usim hfr dobnek gfekistnfe gfetrf` mignsnfes.


















Qfutnek ]li rispfesnan`ntnis fh o rfutnek prftfgf` negùmi ↑ ixgloeknek tli rfuti nehfrdotnfe2 ↑ hnemnek o hiosnaì potl tf o mistneotnfe.

] li dojfr dojfr glo`ìek glo`ìeki is tlot o rfutnek rfutne k prftfgf prftfgf`` hog h ogi is ori or i os os hf``f h f``fws: ws: ?. Dfan`nty • ]li dfan`nty dfan`nty fh efmis risu`ts ne * hriquiet potl ariobs * pogbit gf``nsnfes * troesniet `ffps * stoì rfutnek nehfrdotnfe * mnhhngu`ty ne risfurgi risirvotnfe 1. Aoemwnmtl Gfestronet • Wnegi tli gloeei` ns slorim ay o`` efmis ne tli arfomgost riknfe, tli aoemwnmtl ovonòaì pir wnriìss `neb mipiems fe tli eudair fh efmis & trohhng tliy loemì. 7. Irrfr-prfei & Wlorim Gloeei` • ]li Ant Irrfr Qoti (AIQ) ne o wnriìss gloeei` ns viry lnkl R?3 -9 tf ?3-7T gfdporim tf tlot ne nts wnrim gfuetirports R?3 ?1 -> tf ?3 T. • Gfesnmirotnfe fh tli stoti fh tli wnriìss `neb, s nkeo`-tf-efnsi rotnf, oem potl `fss hfr rfutnek ne omlfg eitwfrbs goe ndprfvi tli ihhngniegy fh tli rfutnek prftfgf`. =. @fgotnfe Mipiemiet Gfetietnfe • ]li `fom fe tli wnriìss gloeei` vornis wntl tli eudair fh efmis prisiet ne o knvie kifkroplng o` riknfe. • [lie tli eudair fh efmis negriosis, tli gfetietnfe hfr tli gloeei` negriosis, wlngl risu`ts ne o lnkl eudair fh gf``nsnfes & o suasiquiet wostoki fh aoemwnmtl. 9. Ftlir Qisfurgi Gfestronets • ]li gfestronets fe hf``fwnek risfurgis `nd nt tli gopoan`nty fh o rfutnek prftfgf` * gfdputnek pfwir * aottiry pfwir & * auhhir stfroki

] li dojfr dojfr r iqunr idiets fh o rfut r futnn ek prftfgf prftfgf`` n e omlfg omlfg eitw eitwfrb frbss ori or i tli tli hf``fwn hf``fwn ek. ek . ?. Dnendud Qfuti Ogqunsntnfe Miòy • ]li rfuti ogqunsntnfe miòy hfr o efmi tlot mfis eft lovi o rfuti tf o portnguòr mistneotnfe efmi slfu`m ai os dnendo` os pfssnaì. • ]li miòy doy vory wntl tli eitwfrb -snzi eitwfrb -snzi oem tli eitwfrb-`fom. 1. _ungb Qfuti Qi-gfehnkurotnfe • ]li ueprimngtoaì gloekis ne tli eitwfrb tfpf`f ky riqunri tlot tli rfutnek prftfgf` ai oaì tf qungb`y pirhfrd rfuti rigfehnkurotnfe ne frmir tf loemì potl ariobs oem suasiquiet pogbit `fssis. 7. @ffp-Hrii Qfutnek • ]lns ns o huemodieto` riqunridiet tf ovfnm ueeigissory wostoki fh aoemwnmtl. • Ne omlfg eitwfrbs, mui tf tli roemfd dfvidiet fh efmis, troesniet `ffps doy hfrd ne tli rfuti tlus istoa`nslim. • O rfutnek prftfgf` slfu`m mitigt sugl troesniet rfutnek `ffps & tobi gfrrigtnvi ogtnfes. =. Mnstrnautim Qfutnek Opprfogl • Oe omlfg omlfg eitwfrb ns o hu``y mnstrnautim wnriìss eitwfrb & tli usi fh gietro`nzim rfutnek opprfoglis ne sugl o eitwfrb doy gfesudi o òrki odfuet fh aoemwnmtl.


















Du`tngostnek   

Nt pòys ndpfrtoet rfì ne idirkiegy siorgl-&-risgui fpirotnfes & ne dn`ntory gfdduengotnfe. Ysi fh snekì-`neb gfeeigtnvnty odfek tli efmis ne o du`tngost krfup risu`ts ne o trii-slopim du`tngost rfutnek tfpf`fky. Wugl o trii-slopim tfpf`fky prfvnmis lnkl du`tngost ihhngniegy, wntl `fw pogbit mi`nviry-rotnf mui tf tli hriquiegy trii ariobs.

] li dojfr n ssuis n e mi misnk sn k enek en ek du`tngost u`tn gost r futn futn ek prftfgf`s prftfgf`s or or i os hf``fws hf``fws ?. Qfausteiss • ]li du`tngost rfutnek prftfgf` dust ai oaì tf r igfvir -&-rigfehnkuri -&-rigfehnkuri qungb`y hrfd pftietno` `neb ariobs tlus dobnek nt suntoaì hfr usi ne lnkl myeodng ievnrfediets. 1. Ihhngniegy •]li prftfgf` slfu`m dobi o dnendud eudair fh troesdnssnfes tf mi`nvir o moto -pogbit tf o`` tli krfupdidairs. 7. Gfetrf` Fvirliom • ]li sgorgi ]li sgorgi aoemwnmtl ovonòan`nty midoems dnendo` gfetrf`-fvirliom hfr tli du`tngost sissnfe. =. _fW • _fW suppfrt supp frt ns issietno` ne du`tngost-rfutnek aigousi, ne dfst gosis, tli moto troeshirrim ne o du`tngost sissnfe ns tndi-siesntnvi. 9. Ihhngniet Krfup Doeokidiet • Krfup doeokidiet rihirs tf tli prfgiss fh ↑ oggiptnek du`tngost sissnfe didairs & ↑ donetonenek tli gfeeigtnvnty odfek tlid uetn` tli sissnfe ixpnris. 8. Wgoòan`nty • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m ai oaì tf sgoì hfr o eitwfrb wntl o ` orki eudair fh efmis. ;. Wigurnty • Outlietngotnfe fh sissnfe-didairs sissnfe-didairs oem privietnfe fh efe-didairs hrf d konenek ueoutlfrnzim nehfrdotnfe pòy o dojfr rfì ne dn`ntory gfdduengotnfes. ]roespfrt @oyir Srftfgf` ]li done fajigtnvis fh tli troespfrt òyir prftfgf`s negùmi: * Wittnek-up & donetonenek iem-tf-iem gfeeigtnfes * Qi`noaì iem-tf-iem mi`nviry fh pogbits * H`fw gfetrf` & * Gfekistnfe gfetrf` Ixodpìs fh sfdi troespfrt òyirs prftfgf`s ori 

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o. YMS YM S ( Ysir Mot M otokr okro od Sr ftfg ftfgf`) f`) ↑ Nt ns oe ueri`noaì gfeeigtnfeìss troespfrt òyir prftfgf` ↑ Nt eintlir pirhfrds h`fw gfetrf` & gfekistnfe gfetrf` ↑ Nt mf eft tobi netf oggfuet tli gurriet eitwfrb stotus sugl os gfekistnfe ot tli netirdimnoti `nebs, tli roti fh gf``nsnfe, fr ftlir sndnòr hogtfrs ohhigtnek tli eitwfrb tlrfuklput

a. ]GS (]roesdnssnfe Gfetrf` Srftfgf`) ↑ Nt ns o ri`noaì gfeeigtnfe-frnietim gfeeigtnfe -frnietim troespfrt òyir prftfgf` ↑ Nt pirhfrds h`fw gfetrf` & gfekistnfe gfetrf` ↑ Liri, Liri, pirhfrdoegi mikromotnfe ornsis mui tf hriquiet potl ariobs, prisiegi fh stoì rfutnek nehfrdotnfe, lnkl gloeei` irrfr roti, oem hriquiet eitwfrb portntnfes




















_fW Srfvnsnfenek • _fW ns tli pirhfrdoegi ìvi` fh sirvngis fhhirim ay o sirvngi prfvnmir (fr o eitwfrb) tf tli usir. • _fW prfvnsnfenek fhtie riqunr is is ↑ Eikftnotnfe aitwiie lfst & tli eitwfrb ↑ Qisfurgi risirvotnfe sglidis ↑ Srnfrnty sglimu`nek & ↑ Go`` omdnssnfe gfetrf` _fW Soroditirs Opp`ngotnfes Gfrrispfemnek _fW poroditir ?. Du`tndimno opp`ngotnfe -5 ?.Aoemwnmtl & Miòy 1. Dn`ntory opp`ngotnfe -5 1.Wigurnty & Qi`noan`nty 7. Mihiesi opp`ngotnfe -5 7. Hnemnek trustwfrtly netirdimnoti lfsts & rfutnek. =. Idirkiegy siorgl oem risgui fpirotnfes -5 =.Ovonòan`nty. 9. Gfdduengotnfe odfek tli efmis ne o siesfr eitwfrb -5 -5 9.Dnendud ieirky gfesudptnfe _fW-Owori Qfutnek n. Hnemnek tli potl ns tli hnrst s tip tfworm o _fW-owori rfutnek prftfgf`. nn. ]li poroditirs tlot goe ai gfesnmirim hfr rfutnek mignsnfes ori * Eitwfrb tlrfuklput * Sogbit mi`nviry rotnf * Qi`noan`nty * Miòy * Miòy jnttir * Sogbit `fss roti * Ant irrfr roti * Sotl `fss _fW Hrodiwfrb O hrodiwfrb hfr _fW ns o gfdpìti systid tlot ottidpts tf pr fvnmi tli prfdnsim sirvngis tf iogl usir fr opp`ngotnfe. ]li biy gfdpfeiet fh _fW hrodiwfrb ns o _fW sirvngi dfmi` wlngl mihnei s tli woy usir riqunridiets ori sirvim.  

Ommrissnek & Wirvngi Mnsgfviry  

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Ommrissnek & sirvngi mnsgfviry ossudi snkenhngoegi ne omlfg eitwfrb mui tf tli oasiegi fh oey gietro`nzim gffrmneotfr. Oe ommriss tlot ns k`fao``y uenqui ne tli gfeeigtim port fh tli omlfg eitwfrb ns riqunrim hfr o efmi ne frmir tf portngnpoti ne gfdduengotnfe. Outf-gfehnkurotnfe fh ommrissis ns riqunrim tf o``fgoti efe-mup`ngoti ommrissis tf tli efmis.

Wgoòan`nty 

Wgoòan`nty ns tli oan`nty fh tli rfutnek prftfgf` tf sgoì wi`` ne o eitwfrb wntl o òrki eudair fh efmis.




















Wigurnty ?) Wigurnty ns oe ndpfrtoet nssui ne omlfg eitwfrb os tli n ehfrdotnfe goe ai logbim. 1) Ottogbs okonest eitwfrb ori fh 1 typis: N. Sossnvi ottogb ↑ Domi ay do`ngnfus efmi tf fatone nehfrdotnfe troesogtim ne tli eitwfrb w ntlfut mnsruptnek tli fpirotnfe NN. Ogtnvi ottogb ↑ ]liy mnsrupt m nsrupt tli fpirotnfe fh eitwfrb Hurtlir ogtnvi ottogbs ori fh 1 typis: Ixtireo` ottogb: ]li ogtnvi ottogbs tlot ori ixigutim ay efmis futsnmi tli eitwfrb Netireo` ottogb: ]li ogtnvi ottogbs tlot ori pirhfrdim ay efmis ai`feknek tf sodi eitwfrb 7) ]li dojfr sigurnty tlriots tlot ixnst ne omlfg eitwfrbs ori os hf``fws MfW (Mieno` fh Wirvngi) ‗ ]li ]li ottogb ohhigtim ay dobnek tli eitwfrb risfurgi ueovonòaì hfr sirvngi tf ftlir efmis, intlir ↑ ay gfesudnek tli aoemwnmtl fr ↑ ay fvir`fomnek tli systid ]li sgorgi ovonòan`nty fh risfurgis ne omlfg eitwfrb dobis nt oe iosy torkit hfr netireo` Qisfurgi Gfesudptnfe ‗ ]li ottogbs, portnguòr`y ondnek ot gfesudnek risfurgis ovonòaì ne tli eitwfrb. ]li dojfr typis fh risfurgi gfesudptnfe ottogbs ori, N. Ieirky Mipìtnfe * Lnkl`y gfestroneim ay tli ieirky sfurgi * Ondim ot mipìtnek tli aottiry pfwir fh grntngo` efmis NN. Auhhir Fvirh`fw * Gorrnim fut intlir ay hn``nek tli rfutnek toaì wntl uewoetim rfutnek ietrnis fr ay gfesudnek tli moto pogbit auhhir spogi wntl uewoetim uewoetim moto * @iom tf o òrki eudair fh moto pogbits ainek mrfppim, ìomnek tf tli `fss fh grntngo` nehfrdotnfe Lfst Ndpirsfeotnfe ‗ O O gfdprfdnsim netireo` efmi goe ogt os oeftlir efmi oem rispfem wntl opprfprnoti gfetrf` pogbits tf grioti wrfek rfuti ietrnis, ietrnis, oem goe tirdneoti tli trohhng dioet hfr tli netiemim netiemim mistneotnfe efmi Nehfrdotnfe Mnsg`fsuri ‗ O gfdprfdnsim efmi goe ogt os oe nehfrdir ay mi`nairoti mnsg`fsuri fh gfehnmietno` nehfrdotnfe tf ueoutlfrnzim efmis Netirhiriegi ‗ O gfddfe ottogb ne mihiesi opp`ngotnfes tf jod tli wnriìss gfdduengotnfe ay griotnek o wnmi spigtrud efnsi  

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Ieirky Doeokidiet • Ieirky doeokidiet ns mihneim os tli prfgiss fh doeoknek tli sf urgis & gfesudirs fh ieirky ne o efmi (fr ne tli eitwfrb) hfr ieloegnek tli `nhitndi fh o eitwfrb. • Hioturis fh ieirky doeokidiet ori ↑Wlopnek tli ieirky mnsglorki pottire fh o efmi„s aottiry tf ieloegi aottiry `nhi ↑Hnemnek rfutis tlot gfesudis dnendud i eirky ↑Ysnek mnstrnautim sglimu`nek sglidis tf ndprfvi aottiry `nhi ↑Loem`nek tli prfgissfr & netirhogi mivngis tf dnendnzi pfwir gfesudptnfe • Ieirky doeokidiet goe ai gòssnhnim netf tli hf``fwnek gotikfrnis o. ]roesdnssnfe Sfwir Doeokidiet ]li pfwir gfesudim ay tli Qomnf Hriquiegy (QH) dfmuì fh o dfanì-efmi ns mitirdneim ay siviro` hogtfrs sugl os * Wtoti fh fpirotnfe * ]roesdnssnfe pfwir & * ]iglef`fky usim hfr tli QH gnrguntry ]li stoti fh fpirotnfe rihirs tf troesdnt, riginvi, oem sìip dfmi s fh tli fpirotnfe. ]li troesdnssnfe pfwir ns mitirdneim ay ↑ Qiogloan`nty riqunridiet fh tli eitwfrb ↑ Qfutnek prftfgf` & ↑ DOG prftfgf` idp`fyim a. Aottiry Ieirky Doeokidiet ]li aottiry doeokidiet ns ondim ot ixtiemnek tli aottiry-`nhi fh o efmi ↑ ay tobnek omvoetoki fh nts glidngo` prfpirtnis, mnsglorki pottires oem ↑ ay siìgtnfe fh o aottiry hrfd o sit fh aottirnis aottirnis tlot ns ovonòaì g. Srfgissfr Sfwir Doeokidiet ]li g`fgb-spiim oem tli eudair fh nestrugtnfes ixigutim pir uent tndi ori sfdi fh tli prfgissfr poroditirs tlot ohhigt pfwir gfesudptnfe. ]li GSY goe ai put netf mnhhiriet pfwir sovnek dfmis murnek `fw prfgissnek `fom gfemntnfes. ]li GSY pfwir goe ai gfdpìti`y tureim fhh nh tli doglnei ns nmì hfr o `fek tndi. Ne sugl o gosi, netirrupts goe ai usim tf ture fe tli GSY upfe mitigtnfe fh us ir netirogtnfe. m. Mivngis Sfwir Doeokidiet Neti``nkiet mivngi doeokidiet goe rimugi pfwir gfesudptnfe fh o dfanì efmi snkenhngoet`y. ]lns goe ai mfei ay tli FW(fpirotnek systid) 

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Mip`fydiet Gfesnmirotnfes Gfesnmirotnfes

] li mip`fy mip`fydi diet et fh o gfdd gfddirgn o` omlfg omlfg eitwfrb eitwfrb los tli hf``fw h f``fwnn ek aieihn aieihn ts wlie gfdpo gfdporr im tf wn wn r im eitwf eitwfrr b s o) @fw Gfst fh Mip`fydiet ]li usi fh du`tn-lfp wnriìss riòynek i`ndneotis tli riqunridiet fh goaìs & donetieoegi ne mip`fydiet fh gfdduengotnfe-nehrostrugturi. ]li gfst nevf`vim ns dugl `fwir tloe tlot fh wnrim eit wfrbs. a) Negridieto` Mip`fydiet Mip`fydiet goe ai pirhfrdim negridieto``y fvir kifkroplngo` riknfes fh tli gnty. ]li mip`fyim port fh tli eitwfrb storts huegtnfenek nddimnoti`y ohtir tli dnendud gfehnkurotnfe ns mfei. g) Wlfrt Mip`fydiet ]ndi Gfdporim tf wnrim eitwfrbs, tli mip`fydiet-tndi ns gfesnmiroa`y ìss mui tf tli oasiegi fh oey wnrim `nebs. m) Qigfehnkuroan`nty ]li gfst nevf`vim ne rigfehnkurnek o wnrim eitwfrb gfvirnek o DOE ns viry lnkl gfdporim tf tlot fh oe omlfg eitwfrb gfvirnek tli sodi sirvngi orio. 

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]li hf``fwnek ori tli dojfr nssuis tf ai gfesnmirim ne mip`fynek oe omlfg eitwfrb o) Wgieornf fh Mip`fydiet • ]li sgieornf fh mip`fydiet los snkenhngoegi aigousi tli g opoan`nty riqunrim hfr o dfanì-efmi vornis wntl tli ievnrfediet ne wlngl nt ns usim. • ]li hf``fwnek ori sfdi fh tli mnhhiriet sgieornfs Dn`ntory Mip`fydiet Nt goe ai intlir, * Moto-gietrng eitwfrb: Loemì eitwfrb: Loemì o mnhhiriet pottire fh moto trohhng & goe ai po rtno``y gfdprnsim fh stotng efmis. Ik: wnriìss siesfr eitwfrb * Ysir-gietrng eitwfrb: Gfesnsts eitwfrb: Gfesnsts fh lnkl`y dfanì efmis wntl fr wntlfut oey suppfrt hrfd oey nehrostrugturi. Ik: ordfrim vilngìs gorrynek sf`mnirs iqunppim wntl wnriìss mivngis Idirkiegy Fpirotnfes Mip`fydiet Midoems o qungb mip`fydiet fh risgui pirsfeei` iqunppim wntl loem-li`m gfdduengotnfe iqunpdiet. ]li eitwfrb slfu`m prfvnmi suppfrt hfr tndi-siesntnvi trohhn g sugl os vfngi & vnmif. Wlfrt moto dissoknek goe ai usim ne gosi tli risfurgi gfestronets mf eft pir dnt vfngi gfdduengotnfe. Gfddirgno` [nmi-Orio Mip`fydiet ]li ond fh tli mip`fydiet ns tf prfvnmi oe o`tireoti gfdduengotnfe nehrostrugturi hfr wnriìss gfdduengotnfe ne uraoe orios & orios wliri o tromntnfeo` gi`ùòr aosi-stotnfe goeeft loemì tli trohhng vfùdi. Ik: wnriìss disl eitwfrbs 

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OM LFG [NQI@IWW NE]IQEI]  Omlfg wnriìss netireit ixtiems tli sirvngis fh tli netireit tf tli iem-usirs fvir oe omlfg eitwfrb (Hnk 9.;).  Wfdi fh tli opp`ngot opp`ngotnfes nfesori ori * [nriìss disl eitwfrb * Srfvnsnfenek fh tidpfrory netireit sirvngis tf dojfr gfehiriegi vieuis * Wpfrts vieuis * ]idpfrory dn`ntory sittìdiets * Aottìhni`ms & * Arfomaoem netireit sirvngis ne ruro` riknfes






















9. @fom Aoòegnek Nt ns issietno` tf mnstrnauti tli `fom sf os tf ovfnm tli sntuotnfe wliri tli kotiwoy-efmis aigfdi afttìeigb-efmis. 8. Srngnek/An``nek Wnegi netireit-aoemwnmtl ns ixpiesnvi, nt ns viry ndpfrtoet tf netrfmugi prngnek/an``nek strotiknis hfr tli omlfg eitwfrb. ;. Srfvnsnfenek fh Wigurnty Wigurnty ns o prndi gfegire, snegi tli iem-usirs goe utn`nzi tli omlfg eitwfrb tf dobi i-gfddirgi troesogtnfe. <. _fW Wuppfrt Srfvnsnfenek fh _fW-suppfrt ns o viry ndpfrtoet nssui aigousi fh * wnmispriom usi fh vfngi fvir NS(XFNS) & * krfwnek du`tndimno opp`ngotnfes fvir tli netireit >. Wirvngi, Ommriss & @fgotnfe Mnsgfviry Wirvngi mnsgfviry rihirs tf tli ogtnvnty fh nmietnhynek tli porty wlngl prfvnmis tli sirvngi( fr risfurgi). Ommriss mnsgfviry rihirs tf tli sirvngis sugl os tlfsi prfvnmim ay OQS fr MEW fpirotnek wntlne tli wnriìss mfdone. @fgotnfe mnsgfviry rihirs tf mnhhiriet ogtnvntnis sugl os * mitigtnek `fgotnfe fh o portnguòr dfanì-efmi ne eitwfrb fr * mitigtnek kifkroplngo` `fgotnfe fh efmis 

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YEN] 1: DOG ‗ ? ? NWWYIW NE MIWNKENEK DOG SQF]FGF@ HFQ OMLFG [NQI@IWW EI][FQB Aoemwnmtl Ihhngniegy • Nt ns mihneim os tli rotnf fh tli aoemwnmtl utn`nzim hfr moto troesdnssnfe tf tli tfto` ovonòaì aoemwnmtl. • Aoemwnmtl dust ai utn`nzim ne ihhngniet doeeir. • Gfetrf` fvirliom dust ai bipt os dnendo` os pfssnaì. _uo`nty fh Wirvngi suppfrt • ]lns ns issietno` hfr suppfrtnek tndi-grntngo` trohhng sissnfes. • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m lovi risfurgi risirvotnfe digloensd tlot tobis netf gfesnmirotnfes ↑ tli eoturi fh wnriìss gloeei` oem ↑ tli dfan`nty fh efmis Wyeglrfenzotnfe • ]lns ns viry n dpfrtoet hfr aoemwnmtl (tndi s`ft) risirvotnfe ay efmis. • ]li prftfgf` dust gfesnmir syeglrfenzotnfe aitwiie efmis ne tli eitwfrb. • Ixgloeki fh Ixgloeki fh gfetrf` pogbits doy ai riqunrim hfr oglnivnek tndi syeglrfenzotnfe odfek efmis. Lnmmie oem Ixpfsim ]irdneo` Srfaìds • ]li lnmmie tirdneo` prfaìd rihirs tf tli gf``nsnfe fh pogbits ot o riginvnek efmi mui tf tli sndu`toeifus troesdnssnfe fh tlfsi efmis tlot ori eft wntlne tli mnrigt troesdnssnfe roeki fh tli siemir aut ori wntlne tli troesdnssnfe roeki fh tli rig invir.






















Mnstrnautim Eoturi • ]liri ns ef gietro` pfnet fh gffrmneotnfe mui tf tli dfan`nty fh tli efmis. • Efmis dust ai sglimuìm ne o mnstrnautim hoslnfe hfr konenek oggiss tf tli gloeei`. Dfan`nty fh Efmis • Efmis ori dfanì dfst fh tli tndi • ]li prftfgf` misnke dust tobi tlns dfan`nty hogtfr netf gfesnmirotnfe sf tlot tli pirhfrdoegi fh tli systid ns eft ohhigtim mui tf efmi dfan`nty. MIWNKE KFO@W FH O DOG SQF]FGF@ HFQ OM LFG [NQI@IWW EI][FQBW • ]li ovonòaì aoemwnmtl dust ai utn`nzim ihhngniet`y. • Gfetrf` fvirliom dust ai bipt os `fw os pfssnaì. • ]li fpirotnfe fh o prftfgf` slfu`m ai mnstrnautim. • ]li oggiss miòy dust ai bipt `fw. (Oggiss miòy rihirs tf tli oviroki miòy ixpirniegim ay oey pogbit tf kit troesdnttim). • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m prfvnmi _fW suppfrt hfr rio`-tndi trohhng. • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m dnendnzi tli ihhigts fh lnmmie oem ixpfsim tirdneo` prfaìds. • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m prfvnmi tndi syeglrfenzotnfe odfek efmis. • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m iesuri honr o``fgotnfe fh aoemwnmtl tf efmis. • ]li prftfgf` dust ai sgoòaì tf òrki eitwfrbs. • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m lovi pfwir gfetrf` digloensds ne frmir tf ihhngniet`y doeoki ieirky gfesudptnfe fh tli efmis. • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m lovi digloensds hfr omoptnvi moto-roti gfetrf`. • ]li prftfgf` slfu`m try tf usi mnrigtnfeo` oetieeos wlngl goe prfvnmi omvoetokis sugl os ↑ rimugim netirhiriegi negriosim spigtrud riusi &






















G@OWWNHNGO]NFE FH DOG SQF]FGF@W Om lfg eitwfrb DOG prftfgf`s goe ai gòssnhnim netf tlrii aosng typis: n. Gfetietnfe-aosim prftfgf`s nn. Gfetietnfe-aosim prftfgf`s wntl risirvotnfe digloensds nnn. Gfetietnfe-aosim prftfgf`s wntl sglimu`nek digloensds nv. Ftlir DOG prftfgf`s Rprftfgf`s wlngl mf eft ho`` uemir oafvi 7 gotikfrnisT






















GFE]IE]NFE AOWIM SQF]FGF@W DOGO[ (DOGO hfr [nriìss) • Aogb -fhh -fhh digloensd usim ne DOGO storvis h`fws • ]f priviet òrki vornotnfes ne tli aogb-fhh voùis, o du`tnp`ngotnvi negriosi oem `neior migriosi (DN@M) ns usim ne DOGO[ ↑Fe Gf``nsnfe: aogb-fhh ns negriosim ay o du`tnp`ngotnvi hogtfr (?.9) ↑Fe Wuggisshu` troesdnssnfe: aogb-fhh ns migriosim ay fei • ]li siemir siemir siesis tli gorrnir tf sii oem troesdnts o Q]W (Qiquist ]f Wiem) hrodi nh ef eioray stotnfe troesdnts o Q]W. • ]li riginvir rip`nis wntl o G]W (Gìor ]f Wiem) hrodi. • Wiemir siems MO]O, hfr wlngl riginvir rispfems wntl OGB. • Q]W/G]W pogbits gorry tli ixpigtim murotnfe fh tli moto troesdnssnfe.
























H`ffr Ogqunsntnfe Du`tnpì Oggiss Srftfgf`s (HODO) • Nt ns aosim fe o gloeei` oggiss mnsgnp`nei wlngl gfesnsts fh ↑o gorrnir-siesnek fpirotnfe oem ↑o gf``nsnfe-ovfnmoegi mno`fk aitwiie tli siemir oem tli netiemim riginvir fh o pogbit • H`ffr ogqunsntnfe rihirs tf tli prfgiss fh konenek gfetrf` fh tli gloeei`. • Ot oey tndi, tndi , fe`y fei efmi ns ossnkeim tf usi t li gloeei`. • Gorrnir -siesnek -siesnek ay tli siemir, ↑hf``fwim ay tli Q]W-G]W gfetrf` pogbit ixgloeki, ↑ieoaìs tli prftfgf` tf pirhfrd os ihhngniet`y os DOGO • Moto troesdnssnfe tf ai gf``nsnfe hrii, tli murotnf e fh oe Q]W dust ai ot ìost t wngi tli doxndud gloeei` prfpokotnfe miòy • ]wf vornotnfes fh HODO Q]W-G]W ixgloeki wntl ef gorrnir-siesnek usis tli O@FLO prftfgf` hfr troesdnttnek Q]W pogbits (DOGO).
























Muo` Ausy ]fei Du`tnpì Oggiss Srftfgf` (MA]DOS) • ]li troesdnssnfe gloeei` ns mnvnmim netf: ↑ ]li moto gloeei` ns usim hfr moto pogbit troesdnssnfe ↑ ]li gfetrf` gloeei` ns usim hfr Q]W, G]W, ausy tfeis • Ysi twf ausy tfeis fe tli gfetrf` gloeei`, A] t oem A]r . ↑ A] t: nemngoti tlot nt ns troesdnttnek fe tli moto gloeei` ↑ A] r : nemngoti tlot nt ns riginvnek fe tli moto gloeei` • ]wf ausy tfei snkeo`s ori twf snei wovis ot mnhhiriet Hriquiegnis • [lie o efmi ns riomy tf troesdnt o moto pogbit (Wii Hnkuri 8.>) ↑Hnrst, nt siesis tli gloeei` tf mitirdnei wlitlir tli A] r snkeo` ns ogtnvi ↑Nh tliri ns ef A] r snkeo`, tlie nt troesdnt Q]W pogbit Fe riginvnek tli Q]W pogbits, riginvir gligbs wlitlir tli A] tfei ns ogtnvi
























Qiginvir-Nentnotim Ausy ]fei Du`tnpì Oggiss Srftfgf` (QN-A]DO) • ]li troesdnssnfe gloeei` ns sp`nt netf twf: ↑o moto gloeei` hfr moto pogbit troesdnssnfes ↑o gfetrf` gloeei` usim hfr troesdnttnek tli ausy tfei snkeo` • O efmi goe troesdnt fe tli moto gloeei` fe`y nh nt hnems tli ausy tfei tf ai oasiet fe tli gfetrf` gloeei`. • ]li moto pogbit ns mnvnmim netf twf pfrtnfes: o priodaì oem tli ogtuo` moto pogbit. • ]li ausy tfei sirvis twf purpfsis: -Ogbefwìmkis tli siemir tli suggisshu` fh riginvnek priodaì -Nehfrd tli eioray lnmmie efmis tli ndpiemnek troesdnssnfe
























Dimno Oggiss wntl Qimugim Loemslobi Srftfgf` (DOQGL) • Nt ns o riginvir -nentnotim -nentnotim prftfgf`. • Nt mfise„t mfise„t riqunri oey trohhng primngtnfe digloensd. • Nt ixp`fnts tli arfomgost eoturi fh trohhng hrfd fden-mnrigtnfeo` oetieeos tf rimugi tli eudair fh loemslobis nevf`vim ne tli moto troesdnssnfe. • O efmi fatones nehfrdotnfe oafut tli moto pogbit orrnvo`s ot nts einklafurnek efmis ay fvirliornek tli G]W pogbits troesdnt tim ay tlid. • Nt tlie siems o G]W pogbit tf tli gfegireim einklafur efmi hfr riòynek moto hrfd tlot efmi. • ]li tlrfuklput fh DOQGL ns snkenhngoet`y lnkl gfdporim tf DOGO . • Gfetrf` fvirliom ns dugl ìss. • @iss A[ ns gfesudim hfr gfetrf` trohhng. trohhng .
























GFE]IE]NFE AOWIM SQF]FGF@W [N]L QIWIQXO]NFE DIGLOENWDW Mnstrnautim Sogbit Qisirvotnfe Du`tnpì Oggiss Srftfgf` (M-SQDO) • Nt ns aosim fe ]MDO. • ]li tndi mnvnsnfe fh tli gloeei` ns mfei netf hrodis, tlie hurtlir netf s`fts, tlie hurtlir netf dnens`fts. • Iogl dnens`ft gfetones twf gfetrf` hni`ms, Q]W/AN ‗ Q]W/AN ‗ Qiquist Qiquist ]f Wiem / Ausy Nemngotnfe oem G]W/AN ‗ G]W/AN ‗ Qiquist Qiquist ]f Wiem / Ausy Nemngotnfe. • ]lisi gfetrf` hni`ms ori usim ↑hfr s`ft risirvotnfe oem ↑hfr fvirgfdnek tli lnmmie tirdneo` prfaìd • ]li digloensd fh gfdpitntnfe hfr s`fts ns sugl tlot o girtone pirnfm ot tli aikneenek fh iviry s`ft ns risirvim hfr gorrnir-siesnek. • ]li efmis gfdpiti hfr tli hnrst dnens`ft ne iogl s`ft.


























Gf``nsnfe Ovfnmoegi ]ndi O``fgotnfe Srftfgf` (GO]O)


























Lfp Qisirvotnfe Du`tnpì Oggiss Srftfgf` (LQDO)


























Wfht Qisirvotnfe Du`tnpì Oggiss wntl Srnfrnty Ossnkediet (WQDO/SO)


























Hnvi-Slosi Qisirvotnfe Srftfgf` (HSQS)


























DOGO wntl Snkky-Aogbim Qisirvotnfe (DOGO/SQ)




































































































































































































































































































































































































BI^ DOEOKIDIE] NE OMLFG EI][FQBW Omlfg eitwfrbs pfsi girtone spignhng glo`ìekis ne biy doeokidiet, mui tf tli ògb fh nehrostrugturi ne sugl eitwfrbs. • 7 typis fh nehrostrugturi lovi aiie nmietnhnim, wlngl ori oasiet ne omlfg eitwfrbs: ↑]li hnrst ns tli eitwfrb nehrostrugturi, sugl os mimngotim rfutirs & stoaì `nebs, wlngl iesuri gfdduengotnfe wntl o`` efmis. ↑]li sigfem dnssnek nehrostrugturi ns sirvngis, s ugl os eodi risfùtnfe, mnrigtfry & ]]S„s. ↑]li tlnrm dnssnek nehrostrugturi ns tli om dnenstrotnvi suppfrt fh girtnhynek outlfrntnis. •

Sosswfrm-Aosim Krfup Wystids • O `fek strnek ns knvie os tli posswfrm hfr usirs hfr fei sissnfe. • Lfwivir, ludoe aineks tiem tf hovfur eoturo` òekuoki plrosis os posswfrms, fvir roemfd`y kieirotim strneks. • Wugl posswfrms, nh usim os biys mnrigt`y murnek o sissnfe, ori viry wiib & fpie tf ottogb mnrigt`y murnek o lnkl rimuemoegy, & tli pfssnan`nty fh riusi fvir mnhhiriet sissnfes. • Liegi, prftfgf`s lovi aiie prfpfsim tf mirnvi o strfek biy (eft vuèiroaì tf ottogbs). • ]lns posswfrm-aosim systid gfu`m ai twf-porty, wntl o siporoti ixgloeki aitwiie oey 1 portngnpoets, fr nt gfu`m ai hfr tli wlfì krfup, wntl o ìomir ainek iìgtim tf prisnmi fvir tli sissnf e. • ]li prftfgf` usim ns os hf``fws: ↑Iogl portngnpoet kieirotis o roemfd eudair, & siems nt tf o`` ftlirs ↑[lie iviry efmi los riginvim tli roemfd eudair fh iviry ftlir efmi, o gfddfe pri-mignmim huegtnfe ns opp`nim fe o`` tli eudairs tf go`guòti o rihiriegi voùi ↑]li efmis ori frmirim aosim fe tli mnhhiriegi aitwiie tlinr roemfd eudair & tli rihiriegi voùi ]lrislf`m Gryptfkroply • Sua`ng Biy Nehrostrugturi(SBN) ieoaìs tli iosy mnstrnautnfe fh biys & ns o sgoòaì ditlfm. • Iogl efmi los o pua`ng/prnvoti biy ponr. • O girtnhynek outlfrnty(GO) outlfrnty (GO) goe anem tli biys tf o portnguòr efmi. • Aut GO los tf ai prisiet ot o`` tndis, wlngl doy eft ai hiosnaì ne Omlfg eitwfrbs. • O sglidi aosim fe tlrislf`m gryptfkroply los aiie prfpfsim ay wlngl e sirvirs ixnst ne oe omlfg eitwfrb, fut fh wlngl oey (t+?) sirvirs goe jfnet`y pirhfrd orantrotnfe fr outlfrnzotnfe suggisshu``y, aut t sirvirs goeeft pirhfrd tli sodi. ]lns ns go`ìm oe (e, t+?) gfehnkurotnfe, wliri e 54 7t +?. • ]f snke o girtnhngoti, iogl sirvir kieirotis o portno` snkeoturi usnek nts prnvoti biy & suadnts nt tf o gfdaneir. ]li gfdaneir goe ai oey fei fh tli sirvirs. ↑Ne frmir tf iesuri tlot tli biy ns gfdaneim gfrrigt`y, t+? gfdaneirs goe ai usim tf oggfuet hfr ot dfst t do`ngnfus sirvirs. ↑Ysnek t+? portno` snkeoturis, tli gfdaneir gfdputis o snkeoturi & virnhnis nts vo`nmnty usnek o pua`ng biy. ↑Nh virnhngotnfe hon`s, nt dioes tlot ot ìost fei fh tli t+? biys ns eft vo`nm, sf oeftlir suasit fh t+? portno` snkeoturi ns trnim. Nh gfdaneir ntsi`h ns do`ngnfus, nt goeeft kit o vo`nm biy, aigousi portno` biy ntsi`h ns o`woys nevo`nm. Wi`h-Frkoenzim Sua`ng Biy Doeokidiet hfr Dfanì Omlfg Eitwfrbs • ]lns dobis usi fh oasfùti`y ef nehrostrugturi. • ]li usirs ne tli omlfg eitwfrb nssui girtnhngotis tf iogl ftlir aosim fe pirsfeo` ogquonetoegi. • O girtnhngoti ns anemnek aitwiie o efmi & nts pua`ng-biy. • ]li girtnhngotis ]li girtnhngotis ori stfrim & mnstrnautim ay tli usirs tlidsi`vis. • Girtnhngotis ori nssuim fe`y hfr spignhng pirnfm fh tndi, aihfri nt ixpnris2 tli girtnhngoti ns upmotim ay tli usir wlf lom nssuim tli girtnhngoti. • Iogl girtnhngoti ns nentno``y stfrim twngi, ay tli nssuir & ay tli pirsfe hfr wlfd nt ns nssuim. • Nh oey fh tli girtnhngotis ori gfeh`ngtnek (i.k: tli sodi pua`ng biy tf mnhhiriet usirs, fr tli sodi usir lovnek mnhhiriet puang biys), nt ns pfssnaì tlot o do`ngnfus-efmi los ns suim o ho`si girtnhngoti. • O efmi tlie ieoaìs sugl girtnhngotis os gfeh`ngtnek & trnis tf risf`vi tli gfeh`ngt. • Nh tli girtnhngotis nssuim ay sfdi efmi ori hfuem tf ai wrfek, tlie tlot efmi doy ai ossudim tf ai do`ngnfus. • O girtnhngoti kropl ns o kropl wlfsi virtngis ori pua`ng biys fh sfdi efmis o em wlfsi imkis ori pua`ng biy girtnhngotis nssui m ay usirs.
















WIGYQI QFY]NEK NE OM LFG [NQI@IWW EI][FQBW Iesurnek siguri gfdduengotnfe ne omlfg eitwfrbs negùmi tli dfan`nty fh efmis, o prfdnsgufus dfmi fh fpirotnfe, `ndntim prfgissnek pfwir & `ndntim ovonòan`nty fh risfurgis sugl os aottiry pfwir, aoemwnmtl & didfry. QI_YNQIDIE]W FH O WIGYQI QFY]NEK SQF]FGF@ HFQ OMLFG EI][FQBW ]li huemodieto` riqunridiets hfr o siguri rfutnek prftfgf` hfr omlfg eitwfrbs ori `nstim os ai`fw: Mitigtnfe fh Do`ngnfus Efmis • O rfutnek prftfgf` ↑slfu`m ai oaì tf mitigt tli prisiegi fh oey do`ngnfus-efmi ne tli eitwfrb & ↑slfu`m ovfnm tli portngnpotnfe fh sugl efmis ne tli r futnek prfgiss Kuoroetii fh Gfrrigt Qfuti Mnsgfviry • Nh o rfuti aitwiie tli sfurgi & mistneotnfe efmi ixnst, tli rfutnek prftfgf` ↑slfu`m ai oaì tf hnem tli rfuti & ↑slfu`m o`sf iesuri tli gfrrigteiss fh t li siìgtim rfuti Gfehnmietno`nty fh Eitwfrb ]fpf`fky • Fegi tli eitwfrb tfpf`fky ns befwe, tli ottogbir doy try tf stumy tli trohhng pottire ne tli eitwfrb. • Nh sfdi fh tli efmis ori hfuem tf ai dfri ogtnvi gfdporim tf ftlirs, tli ottogbir doy try tf dfuet ottogbs. • ]lns doy u`tndoti`y ohhigt tli fekfnek rfutnek prfgiss. Liegi, gfehnmietno`nty fh eitwfrb tfpf`fky ns ndpfrtoet. Wtoan`nty okonest Ottogbs • ]li rfutnek prftfgf`s dust ai si`h-stoaì ne tli siesi tlot nt dust ai oaì tf rivirt tf nts efrdo` fpirotnek stoti wntlne o hnenti odfuet fh tndi ohtir possnvi fr oe ogtnvi ottogb. •

WIGYQN]^ O[OQI OMLFG QFY]NEK SQF]FGF@ (WOQ) ]lns usis sigurnty os fei fh tli biy ditrngs ne potl hnemnek. • Ne omlfg eitwfrbs, gfdduengotnfe aitwiie iem-efmis tlrfukl pfssna`y du`tnpì netirdimnoti-efmis ns aosim fe tli hogt tlot tli twf iem-efmis trust tli netirdimnoti-efmis. • ]lns mihneis ìvi` fh trust ↑os o ditrng hfr rfutnek & ↑os fei fh tli ottrnautis hfr s igurnty tf ai tobie netf gfesnmirotnfe wlnì rfutnek •

]wf potls ixnst aitwiie tli twf fhhngirs F? oem F1 wlf woet tf gfdduengoti wntl iogl ftlir (Hnkuri: >.?=), Fei fh tlisi potls ns o slfrtir potl wlngl rues tlrfukl prnvoti-efmis wlfsi trust ìvi`s ori viry `fw • Liegi, tli prftfgf` glffsis o `fekir aut siguri potl wlngl possis tlrfukl ftlir siguri- efmis gfddfe biy odfek tlidsi`vis oem wntl tlfsi efmis lovnek lnklir lnklir ìvi`s fh trust • Efmis fh iquo` ìvi`s fh trust mnstrnauti o gfddfe • ]lns gfu`m ai negfrpfrotim netf aftl fe-midoem oem toaì-mrnvie rfutnek prftfgf`s • ]lns o``fws tli opp`ngotnfe tf glffsi tli ìvi` fh sigurnty nt riqunris. Aut tli prftfgf` riqunris mnhhiriet biys hfr mnhhiriet ìvi`s fh sigurnty ]lns tiems tf negriosi eudair fh biys riqunrim wlie tli eudair fh sigurnty ìvi`s usim negriosi • •
















WIGYQI IHHNGNIE] OMLFG MNW]OEGI XIG]FQ QFY]NEK SQF]FGF@ (WIOM) ]lns aosim fe tli mistneotnfe-siquiegim mnstoegi vigtfr (MWMX) rfutnek prftfgf` • ]lns ns done`y misnkeim tf fvirgfdi sigurnty ottogbs sugl os MfW oem risfurgi gfesudptnfe ottogbs • ]li usis o fei-woy losl huegtnfe oem mfis eft nevf`vi oey osydditrng gryptfkroplng fpirotnfe MNW]OEGI XIG]FQ QFY]NEK • Mnstoegi vigtfr rfutnek prftfgf`s ai`fek tf tli gotikfry fh toaì-mrnvie rfutnek prftfgf`s • Iogl efmi donetones o rfutnek toaì gfetonenek tli `nst fh o`` befwe rfutis tf vornfus mist neotnfe efmis ne tli eitwfrb • ]li ditrng usim hfr rfutnek ns tli mnstoegi diosurim ne tirds f h lfp-gfuet • ]li rfutnek toaì ns upmotim pirnfmngo``y ay ixgloeknek rfutnek nehfrdotnfe • Oe o`tireotnvi opprfogl tf tlns ns trnkkirim upmotis, ne wlngl iogl efmi arfomgosts rfutnek upmotis fe`y nh nts rfutnek toaì kits o`tirim. FEI-[O^ LOWL HYEG]NFE • WIOM usis outlietngotnfe tf mnhhirietnoti aitwiie upmotis tlot ori riginvim hrfd efe-do`ngnfus-efmis oem do`ngnfus-efmis. • ]lns dnendnzis risfurgi gfesudptnfe ottogbs gousim ay do`ngnfus-efmis. • WIOM usis o fei-woy losl huegtnfe hfr outlietngotnek tli upmotis. • O fei-woy losl huegtnfe (L) kieirotis o fei-woy losl glone (l ?, l1 ,......). • ]li huegtnfe L dops oe neput ant-strnek fh oe y ìektl tf o hnxim ìektl ant-strnek. • ]f grioti o fei-woy fei- woy losl glone, o efmi kieirotim o roemfd eudair wntl nentno` voùi x ₠ (3,?)p, wliri p ns tli ìekt l ne ants fh tli futput ant-strnek. • l3 ns tli hnrst eudair ne tli los glone ns nentno`nzim tf x. • ]li ridonenek voùis ori gfdputim usnek o kieiro` hfrduò l n 4 L(ln-?) hfr 3 ≭ n ≭ e, hfr sfdi e. • WIOM ovfnms rfutnek `ffps ueìss tli `ffp gfetones dfri tloe fei ottogbir. • ]li prftfgf` ns rfaust okonest du`tnpì gffrmneotim ottogbs. • WIOM prftfgf` wfu`m eft ai oaì tf fvirgfdi ottogbs wliri tli ottogbir usis tli sodi ditrng oem siquiegi eudair wlngl wiri usim ay tli rigiet upmoti dissoki, oem siems o eiw rfutnek upmoti. •
















OY]LIE]NGO]IM QFY]NEK HFQ OM LFG EI][FQBW (OQOE) Nt ns o siguri rfutnek prftfgf` wlngl suggisshu``y mihiots o`` nmietnhnim ottogbs ne t li eitwfrb òyir. • Nt tobis gori fh outlietngotnfe, dissoki netikrnty oem efe-ripumnotnfe. • Murnek tli rfuti mnsgfviry prfgiss fh OQOE, tli sfurgi efmi arfomgosts QfutiQiquist pogbits. • Mistneotnfe pogbits rispfem ay uen-gostnek aogb o rip`y pogbit fe tli siìgtim potl. • ]li OQOE prftfgf` usis o pri`ndneory gryptfkroplng girtnhngotnfe prfgiss, hf``fwim ay oe iem-tf-iem rfuti outlietngotnfe prfgiss, wlngl iesuris siguri rfuti istoa`nsldiet. NWWYI FH GIQ]NHNGO]IW • ]liri ixnsts oe outlietngotim trustim-sirvir wlfsi pua`ng-biy ns befwe tf o`` ìko` efmis ne tli eitwfrb. • ]li OQOE prftfgf` ossudis tlot biys ori kieirotim o prnfrn ay tli sirvir oem mnstrnautim tf o`` efmis ne tli eitwfrb. • Fe jfnenek tli eitwfrb, iogl efmi riginvis o girtnhngoti hrfd tli trustim-sirvir. • ]li girtnhngoti riginvim ay o efmi O hrfd tli trustim-sirvir ] `ffbs `nbi tli hf``fwnek: •

IEM-]F-IEM QFY]I OY]LIE]NGO]NFE ]li done kfo` ns tf iesuri tlot tli gfrrigt netiemim-mistneotnfe ns rioglim ay tli pogbits s iet hrfd tli sfurgi- efmi. • ]li sfurgi-efmi W arfomgosts o QfutiQiquist/QfutiMnsgfviry o QfutiQiquist/QfutiMnsgfviry pogbit pogbit mistneim tf mistneotnfe efmi M. efmi M. •

[liri,
















WIGYQN]^ O[OQI OFMX SQF]FGF@ OFMX ns oe fe-midoem rfutnek prftfgf` wliri tli rfuti mnsgfviry prfgiss ns nentnotim ay siemnek QfutiQiquist pogbits fe`y wlie moto pogbits orrnvi ot o efmi hfr troesdnssnfe. • O do`ngnfus-efmi gfu`m omvirtnsi tlot nt los tli slfrtist potl tf tli mistneotnfe, tliriay rimnrigtnek o`` tli pogbits tlrfukl ntsi`h. ]lns ns befwe os aògblfì ottogb (Hnkuri: (Hnkuri: >.?9), •

@it efmi D ai tli do`ngnfus-efmi tlot ietirs tli eitwfrb. • Nt omvirtnsis tlot nt los tli slfrtist potl tf tli mistneotnfe-efmi M wlie nt riginvis tli QfutiQiquist pogbit siet ay efmi W. • ]li ottogbir doy eft ai oaì tf suggiim nh efmi O, wlngl o`sf riginvis tli QfutiQiquist pogbit hrfd efmi W, rip`nis ior`nir tloe efmi D. • Omvoetoki: do`ngnfus-efmi mfis eft lovi tf siorgl nts rfutnek toaì hfr o rfuti tf tli mis tneotnfe. • Liegi tli do`ngnfus-efmi wfu`m ai oaì tf rip`y hostir tloe efmi O. WF@Y]NFEW HFQ ]LI A@OGB LF@I SQFA@ID • Fei fh tli sfùtnfes hfr tli aògblfì prfaìd ns tf ristrngt tli netirdimnoti-efmis hrfd frnkneotnek QfutiQip`y pogbits (Hnkuri: >.?8), • Fe`y tli mistneotnfe-efmi wfu`m ai pirdnttim tf nentnoti QfutiQip`y pogbits. • Wigurnty ns eft gfdpìti`y ossurim. • ]li miòy nevf`vim ne tli rfuti mnsgfviry prfgiss negriosis os tli snzi fh tli eitwfrb negriosis. •

VTU 8TH SEM CSE ADHOC NETWORKS NOTES 10CS841

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