Web Application Development

Web Application Development Computer Programming assignment Help

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Assignment 07-09-16 Rochio Varela 0 comment

P1 Explaining the Concept Application Development

of

Web

P1.1 Critically Evaluate the Functions and Advantages of Web Applications Web applications are programs those are created in a language that supports browser like JavaScript, CSS and HTML and run on web browser.  

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Requirements those are fulfilled by web designing applications are: A user can get access to multiple websites by use of web applications. Let’s take an example of google.com. By the use of this application program we can search any website like facebook, Gmail, yahoo, pinterest etc. Web applications are collection of static as well as dynamic pages. These are more effective as compared to the desktop applications as data is fetched from the database connected to it. Data over the database design r emains emains updated always as it is stored on web server and for any modification only server needs to be updated.

Various advantages of web applications are: 

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Websites are cost effective. They just require one time installation and we do not have to worry about installing every time new version of product is available. It can be accessed by users on various web browsers. Web applications development can be accessed at any place where there is internet connectivity. Unlike desktop applications web applications do not require program installation / installers to run the application. They can be accessed by client browsers. The presentation of the web interface can be customized as per the user need which is not possible with desktop applications where users have to work with the set installer. Web applications can be accessed by any device like computers, notebooks or mobiles with internet connectivity or data enabled. Websites are easier to manage and maintain as with increasing software and hardware requirements on one system needs to be updated rather than going to rectify the problem on multiple client systems as with desktop applications. Use of proper updated antivirus software makes the system robust and easy to manage and secure. With the use of internet technology, we can achieve interoperability between web applications which is not possible with isolated desktop systems. It is much easier to integrate new functionality like shopping cart, search, add, delete, update combo box list,

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view, hide etc. in web applications. This thing is difficult in desktop systems as there we have to make two systems to communicate with each other. We can use SSL protocol to secure all online transactions.

(Function-point-resources/function-point-FAQ/web-based-applications, (Function-point-resources/function-point-FAQ/web-based-applicati ons, 2015) 20 15)

P1.2 Differentiate between Various Types Types of Client Side Side and Server Side Scripting Languages The differences between client side and server side languages are as follows: Client Side Scripting Languages

These scripts are run on client / user computers’ browser. These are used to put validations and enhance the effectiveness of web pages. These are also called front end languages.

Server Side Scripting Languages

These scripts are run on server computers. These are used to add functionality

These are called back end languages. These scripts are run before page loads over the client computer. These are used to create / The scripts are run on client browser after the construct the various functionalities of the page gets loaded on client computer. application like adding, updating, deleting, view of records, search criteria, selection from drop down list etc. Examples: PHP, ASP.NET, JAVA, Ruby on Examples: JavaScript, CSS, HTML etc. Rails etc. We can construct message box, pop up If a script is written in any of the server side windows by the use of JavaScript. If we write scripting language that is taken care off from some message, that gets displayed along with backend and just the message is displayed over the pop up box on the screen. screen. When the user requests any web page, web For generating dynamic HTML page, user’s server processes this request and sends it to request is fulfilled by running script directly in user / client; web page gets displayed in web web server; afterwards this HTML is sent to browser. client browser. (website/client-side-vs-server-side, (website/client-side-vs-s erver-side, 2015) 2015 ) (Interviews/answer/7393/explain-the-difference-between-client-side-script-and-server, (Interviews/answer/7393/explain-the-differe nce-between-client-side-script-and-server, 2015)

P1.3 Argue About Security of Web Applications and Give Suggestions for Improvement To mark success of your web applications it is important to check and understand if there are any security vulnerabilities.


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Programmers must construct and define generic error messages in web applications. For example, if password user enters incorrect password the error message must be ‘Username or password incorrect’ rather than ‘Password incorrect’. Cookies must be used securely as they are sent to client’s browser and contain valuable user data so they are vulnerable to spoofing attacks and other malicious use. Care must be taken so that no important information is stored in cookies. They must be encrypted and expiration time should be minimal. While fetching data from database via web application care must be taken that database has its inherent security mechanism. While querying database when two queries are concatenated, it must not involve user input. Database system login credentials must be stored in web.config file which must be secured with credentials. Web server must be protected with antivirus software. While using windows operating system over web server, NTFS file system must be used instead of FAT32 as it provides more security. Password used for login credentials must be strongly constructed. It must be at least 8 characters long and must be a combination of letters, numbers and special characters. When programmers use HTTP GET methods along with querystring to pass valuable information between client and server, it must be checked that parameters are not manipulated by attackers. SQL injection attacks are very frequent with web applications. No special character must be allowed in text boxes. All those points within the web application must be checked that allow user inputs as attackers can inject SQL commands to extract vital information from the database. Cross site scripting is another issue which must be handled by programmers. An application must not be allowed to accept HTML scripts or not scripts must be passed along with querystring as parameters like:

E.g.: http://www.newsite.com/index1.php?userid=321&query=abc 

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Configuration of application or server must not be modified by testers after development completes. Existing user data that is hosted by the application must remain intact. Services running on the server must not be touched. Users must always take care of hoax websites and emails that require users to enter some data. This is called spoofing.

(security-testing-of-web-applications, (security-testing-of-web-applications, 2015) 2015 ) (en-us/library/zdh19h94(v=vs.140).aspx, 2015) Read more about Website about Website Designing & Testing

P2.1 Design Web Application According To To the Given Case Study


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As per the case study, it was required to design an application on Hotel Rooms Reservation System. This website is designed so that it becomes easy for users to find hotels, check room availability and book rooms online without going elsewhere. 

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As per the case study, register facility for new customers and login facility for existing customers is given. Users can search for the room availability. The details of hotel rooms are given along with the images. Payment gateway is integrated to enable secure secu re online transactions via this website. At time of any festivals, details and history about festivals must get displayed along with special discount offers if any, to attract more tourists. There is a contact us and help page to assist users to find and locate the hotel. There must be a logo on home page which is linked to it and will get displayed on page header over all other web pages so that navigation across the website is easy.

P2.2 Describe How the Developed Web Application Application Incorporates Incorporates Client Side and and Server Side Functionalities An example of client side functionality in this website: When a button is clicked an ‘onclick’ even is called in JavaScript. Example of server side functionality in website can be: Rendering everything in web server. Have a look at this code excerpt:

#for $people in $all_people #end for

$person.name Sign up
This code is executed when script is rendered over server. This code adds a new person when a person gets registered with the site. This application on Sea Side south Park website is constructed by using PHP language as front end and MY SQL as backend database. JavaScript, CSS and HTML are used for placing validations and providing special effects to the application app lication like font style, size, color, images etc.


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P2.3 Screenshots of Backend Backend And Front Front End End Of Website

Figure: Home


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Figure: Rooms

Figure: Important Information about Hotel


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Figure: Available Rooms


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Figure: Room Booking


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Figure: Booking Details

Table: JOS_ASSETS


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Table: JOS_ASSOCIATIONS

Table: JOS_BANNERS

Table:JOS_BANNER_CLIENTS


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Table: JOS_BANNER_TRACKS

Table: JOS_CATEGORIES

Table: JOS_CIS_CATEGORIES


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Table: JOS_CIS_IMAGES

Table: JOS_CIS_SLIDERS


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Table: JOS_FINDER_TERMS

Table: JOS _Hotelreservation_Confirmations_Extra_Options

Table: JOS_Hotelreservation_Confirmations_Guests

P2.4 To Meet Given Requirement Evaluate Alternative Alternative Design Design For Website As per the given case study, 

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This application must allow multiple users to connect co nnect with this system. Administrator must have his own login account and the new users have to register into the system and existing users have to login into the system. There must be a facility to check the room availability before booking. To enable payment by users website integrates payment gateway which is SSL protected.


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Vision/mission of hotel along with the logo of hotel must get displa yed on home page. There is contact page for convenience of users. Images of hotel rooms, lounge area, indoor pool, gym and various sports facilities are provided.

Navigation across a cross the website is easy as logo is connected to home h ome page which is visible on all pages over the header. So if we are on any page over the website, we can reach home page at just one click. Validations are applied on login, sign up and contact us pages to validate user input. In future we can think of migrating over SQL Server database d atabase as right now there is less number of web pages so database is small. It can be extended later to add more web pages. We can think of including more mor e functionality and more features like Google map to guide tourist, worth visiting places, shops and market near hotel for tourists and other tourist attractions, festivals going on in the city, news related to hotel, conferences and meetings etc. A help page can also be integrated which will guide the visitors in real time without waiting long to get reply of their queries. A chat option can be made available and 24×7 call center can be updated for convenience of users. [Read about CCL about CCL Website Implementation] Implementation]

P3 Implementation of Web Application as Per Case Study P3.1 Implement Web Application Application for Sea Side South South Park Park Screenshots for front end of website are given in point 2.3 above.

P3.2 Implement Web Enabled Database Database Management Management System for Sea Side Side South Park Screenshots for backend of website are given in point 2.3 above.

P3.3 Error Handling Handling and Reporting Strategy For Given Website Discovery of errors in a program and their proper communication c ommunication is called error handling. Special programming structures or commands are available to handle the errors which are called error handlers. PHP language has very simple error handling mechanism. This website of Sea Side South Park is developed by making use of PHP and MySql therefore we would apply simple error handling mechanisms to be used for PHP websites. We can define custom error handlers, make use of try/catch blocks, use ‘die’ statements or can merge them all up to provide comprehensive result. All these methods are explained in below paragraphs:


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A typical error message in a PHP program contains filename, line number and a message describing the error which is then sent to browser. Different error handling methods in PHP include:   

Using ‘die’ statements Custom errors and error triggers Error reporting

Basic error handling : Use of ‘die’ statements Let’s take an example of a php program which opens a text file. Now the above program will give error if it does not exist. Warning: fopen(hellothere.txt) [function.fopen]: failed No such file or directory in D:\firstphpfile\firstphp.php D:\firstphpfile\firstphp.php on line 2

to

open

stream:

To prevent above warning message from occuring, one must make use of ‘die’ statement in php:

absent”); {

else

Now if we execute above program, it will give message as – as – File absent. Read more about Computer about Computer Network Assignment help Creating custom Error Handler

We can create certain functions in PHP which can be called when any error occurs in php. Certain PHP functions can be constructed in PHP which can be called whenever any error occurs. Every error message must be recorded in the system. All the notifications, errors, warning messages must be sent to system. There is certain built in error reporting levels to describe the


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nature of the error. Named constants are used by the programmers and each level is represented by an integer value. Value Constant / Parameter

Description

These are non-fatal run-time errors. Execution of script is not halted. These are run-time notices. These crop up when the script finds 8 E_NOTICE something that might be an error. These are fatal user-generated error. These are like an E_ERROR 256 E_USER_ERROR set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error() These are non-fatal user-generated warning. It is similar to 512 E_USER_WARNING E_WARNING using trigger_error() but is user generated. These are user-generated notice. It is similar to E_NOTICE using 1024 E_USER_NOTICE trigger_error() but is user generated. This level denotes that there is some fatal error in the application. 4096 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR These can be caught by a user defined handle (see also set_error_handler()), but are like E_Error. This level enables all errors and warnings in PHP (E_STRICT 8191 E_ALL became a part of E_ALL in PHP 5.4) 2

E_WARNING

We make use of error handlers so that errors are displayed along with custom messages. Errors are also raised using throw and caught by try/catch blocks Along with these, there are some custom error handlers han dlers associated in PHP Programs. These are: Value 2 8 256 512 1024 4096 8191

Parameter / Constant

Description These message is prompted for non-fatal run-time errors. Script E_WARNING execution is not halted. These messages pop up for notices at run time. When the script E_NOTICE finds something that might be an error these are prompted, p rompted, but this could also happen when the script is running normally This is fatal error generated by user. PHP function trigger_error() E_USER_ERROR sets this E_ERROR. These are warning messages which are non-fatal non -fatal but userE_USER_WARNING generated warning. By making use of trigger_error() function, user can set these warning messages. These are user-generated notice. These are similar to E_NOTICE E_USER_NOTICE warning message but are set by user. These are fatal errors which can be caught and recovered. These E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR are like E_error but can be caught by a user defined handle (see also set_error_handler()) This enables all errors and warnings in PHP (E_STRICT became E_ALL a part of E_ALL in PHP 5.4)


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Also read Web Web Designing using JSP Architecture.

P4 Testing Of Given Web Application 4.1 Critically Review And Test Web Application For Given Case Study Including Functionality Testing, Acceptance Testing, Compatibility, Functionality And Error Detection. Testing of web application is required because humans make mistakes and to know the state of the product and whether it is fit to be released. Some of the mistakes are not so important but some are very dangerous and may ma y affect the functionality of entire application. It also helps us in finding any risks associated with the software, compliance with known regulations and its usability. Things can go wrong as software applications are developed by b y humans, therefore testing is required. Here are some of the types of testing techniques that we must practice over our software before releasing it: In this type of testing it is checked that: Functionality Testing – In    

There are no dead pages, All forms, links, buttons are working properly, All validations are working properly, The workflow across the website and data integrity is verified.

Compatibility Testing – Based on the context of the application it is checked whether the application can run on multiple browsers, b rowsers, hardware, network and operating systems.

Navigation of the website is tested, whether it is easy to move across the pages pa ges Usability Testing – Navigation and get back to home page easily, whether content is readable and proper use of font style, size and colors is there or not, number, shape and size of images is checked. ac ross the system. Interface Testing – Testing – This is performed to verify the flow of data across Performance Testing – Testing – This type of testing is done to verify the behavior of application under various conditions and server response time. It is to be checked whether multiple users are able to access application at one particular time. Increasing the number of modules or number of users suddenly must not affect the working application. Web applications’ usage, reliability and scalability is validated and it is seen how various components of the system s ystem are performing under various conditions.

(what-is-performance-testing-load-testing-stress-testing, (what-is-performance-testing-l oad-testing-stress-testing, 2015) 201 5) Security Testing – Testing – This is performed to check whether the application is secure over web against malicious access and theft of data. It is to be checked whether by changing URL parameters hackers are not able to dig into the system or password is strong enough (must be a combination of alphabets, numbers and special characters). cha racters).


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Therefore it is important to test the web application due to following reasons: 

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It is necessary to test the application to find out the defects that were made during development process. It is to be tested that application is developed as per customer requirements and that end user is satisfied with the final product. Software testing ensures that quality product is going to the cu stomer. It is checked whether software is performing optimally. The software application must not result into any failures in future and that all bugs are fixed before the release of the software.

4.2 Identify Actual Test Results against Expected Test Results (Including Test Plan and Findings) Expected Result

Actual Result

New user must be able to register into the Users are able to register and login into the system and existing users must be able to login system. into the system. User must be given control of the system. User must be given control of the system. Users are able to check room availability on Users must check rooms availability online particular date based upon the number of people. There is simple functionality to check the room Users must get their rooms booked online availability online There must be a payment gateway to enable A Payment gateway with SSL is integrated for fast and secure transactions. online transactions. Website must provide details about the famous Right now website is not providing any an y details festivals being held in the city. about the famous festivals in the city. There must be a contact us and help page for There is a contact us page but there is no help convenience of users. page There is logo on home page which is linked to it. It gets displayed on header which is Home page must have logo image accessible from all other web pages, so navigation across the website is easy. There must be a ‘news’ section displaying important information about city, all meetings News section is missing. and conferences held in hotel There must be a section to display information No such section exists. about various festivals being held in the city 4.3 Critically Evaluate Independent Feedback and Recommendations for Improvements (Including Surveys, Questionnaires, Interviews Etc)


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This website is a good remix of sensuality and hospitality. Although it looks comprehensive still it can be enhanced by increasing the number of modules and features for a better look and feel. 

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A help page is missing from the website; we can include it along with a live chat facility for the convenience of the visitors. A history / about us page describing the inception of the website can be included so that users may get to know more things about the hotel. Users can be given facility to ‘inform a friend’ about this website and facility to forward the link as an advertisement. We can put a facility of counting coun ting the number of visitors on each visit on website. We can add more number of images and entertaining videos to attract visitors of all age groups. A page showing the upcoming festivals can be added up. A facility of quick online booking / instant booking to first time visitors and frequent visitors can be given a discount on their next visit.

User Documentation for Developed Web Application

This website is easily navigable as logo image is connected with home page and gets displayed on all pages of website. Users can easily navigate from any page on the website by clicking on the logo image. Home page has all the links to other pages on the website. We can check the availability of the rooms in hotel by clicking on ‘Check Availability’ option. Upon clicking on ‘Rooms’ option user will get to see all the available rooms and suites along with the images. ‘View all photos’ option displays all the images of the facilities, rooms, gym, playing area, kitchen etc. within the hotel. Besides this there is a page displaying important information about the hotel: Check in, Check out time, parking facility, allow pets or not, city tax, bungalow rooms, standard room, luxury room, king rooms, cancellation conditions, internet / Wi-Fi facility, suitability for disabled / modified rooms, public transportation, payment options, discount options according to children age category (0-2% are eligible for 100% 100 % discount, 3-7% are eligible for 50% discount). Read more about Computer about Computer Programming Assignment Help Bibliography en-us/library/zdh19h94(v=vs.140).aspx. (2015, 02, 16). Retrieved from msdn:

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zdh19h94(v=vs.140).aspx


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function-point-resources/function-point-FAQ/web-based-applications function-point-resources/function-point-FAQ/web-ba sed-applications. (2015, 02, 16). Retrieved

from totalmetrics: http://www.totalmetrics.com/f http://www.totalmetrics.com/function-point-resources/function-pointunction-point-resources/function-pointFAQ/web-based-applications Interviews/answer/7393/explain-the-difference-between-client-side-script-and-server Interviews/answer/7393/explain-the-difference-be tween-client-side-script-and-server . (2015, 02,

16). Retrieved from c-sharpcorner: http://www.csharpcorner.com/Interviews/answer/7393/explain-the-difference-between-client-side-script-andserver php/php_error.asp. (2015, 02, 17). Retrieved from w3schools:

http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_error.asp security-testing-of-web-applications. (2015, 02, 16). Retrieved from softwaretestinghelp:

http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/security-testing-of-web-applications/ Programming Assignments Help is the best assignment help provider in the United Kingdom. Our online assignment writing help UK is is especially dedicated for the students studying in all UK colleges colleges and universities . Submit assignment to assignment to get the best quality assignment help.


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Web Application Development

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