UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CAJAMARCA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA ESCUEALA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA
YACIMIENT YACIMIENTOS OS NO METÁLICOS
YESOS,SALES Y ANHIDRIT ANHIDRITA A ALUMNO:
DOCENTE:
MAURO ALBERTO SÁNCHEZ DÍAZ
Ing. Roberto Gonzáles Yana
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Introducción, Introducción, Definición de Sales •
El clima desértico de la costa peruana permite la formación de sales solubles por evaporación en la superficie.
•
Las aguas evaporadas pueden provenir del mar o del continente variando de acuerdo con esto su composición.
•
Entre las sales con origen continental predominan los sulfatos de sodio (thenardita) y sulfatos de magnesio con diferente grado de hidratación.
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Geología de los Yacimientos Salinos •
Los depósitos más importantes son los cenozoicos
•
Del agua de mar se precipita carbonato de calcio y luego yeso. La precipitación comienza cuando la concentración de sulfato de calcio es superior a su solubilidad en las salmueras.
•
Cuando la evaporación de las salmueras sobrepasa al aporte de agua marina, después de la deposición del yeso comienza a precipitarse la sal común (NaCl) y finalmente, las sales de potasio y magnesio.
•
El yeso puede convertirse posteriormente, por diagénesis, en anhidrita. Algunos investigadores opinan que la anhidrita puede precipitarse directamente, lo que requeriría temperaturas
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Yeso y Anhidrita. Definición •
Yeso, mineral común consistente en sulfato de calcio hidratado (CaSO4·2H2O). Es un tipo ampliamente distribuido de roca sedimentaria, sedimentaria, formado por la precipitación de sulfato de calcio en el agua del mar y está asociado con frecuencia a otras formas de depósitos salinos, como la halita y la anhidrita, así como a piedra caliza y a esquisto.
•
El yeso se origina en zonas volcánicas por la acción de ácido sulfúrico sobre minerales con contenido en
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Alabastro, nombre dado a dos minerales diferentes. El primero, el alabastro oriental, era usado extensivamente por los antiguos egipcios. Es una variedad de la calcita, con una dureza de 3; en general es blanco y translúcido, pero a veces tiene rayas oscuras o coloreadas. El otro mineral, llamado alabastro verdadero, es una variedad del yeso que suele tener color blanco nieve y un grano fino y uniforme. El alabastro verdadero es más blando (dureza 1,5) que
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Fórmula química:
CaSO4· 2H2O
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Propiedades físicas: Incoloro, blanco, gris; diversas tonalidades de amarillo
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Génesis Origen sedimentario en conexión con rocas calcáreas y arcillas,
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PROCESO • Se obtiene directamente de la naturaleza por
extracción en forma de roca de yeso (mineral de sulfato de calcio dihidratado) en canteras o minas y se procesa industrialmente con poca alteración.
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APLICACIONES APLICACIONE S El yeso es uno de los minerales mas ampliamente utilizados en el mundo. En la actualidad existe una amplia gama de aplicaciones: En construcción debido construcción debido a sus excelentes propiedades bioclimáticas, de aislamiento y regulación higrométrica, mecánicas y estéticas se utiliza en guarnecidos, enlucidos, prefabricados y relieves arquitectónicos, proporcionando proporcionando bienestar y comodidad. Esencial
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