Chapter 2: Research Paradigm and Methodology 2.1. Research Paradigm 2.2. Research Methodology 2.3. Activity Path
1 Chapter 2: Research Paradigm & Methodology
PROJECT TITLE: Project Description
Chapter 2: Research Paradigm
and
Methodology Approach is your personal selection of methods to treat the problem and paradigm is an accepted and frequently used philosophy of research. - Attia Zulfiqar • University of the Punjab
2.1.
Research Paradigm A research paradigm is: “a broad vie or perspective of something!. " #aylor$ %ermode and &oberts “are patterns of beliefs and practices that regulate inquiry ithin a discipline by providing lenses$ frames and processes through hich investigation is accomplished!. " 'eaver and (lsons
A. POSITIVISM The postivism approach on this research will (be: !mphasi"ed on observation and reason as means to #nderstand h#man behavio#r on •
•
s speciali"ed healthcare $acilities. !ssential to enhanced precision on description o$ parameters and discernment o$ the relatioship among h#man health and environmental s#stainability. !mphasi"ed
•
correlation. P#t interests in ca#se and e$$ect o$ architect#re on improving h#man health and
envirnmental s#stainability that will be tr#e or acceptable $or all in an ob%ective manner. B. ATI!POSITIVISM Anti-positivism is mar)ed by three schools of thought in the social science research. #hese are phenomenology$ ethnomethodology and symbolic interactionism. All the three schools of thought emphasi*e human interaction ith phenomena in their daily lives$ and suggest qualitative rather than quantitative approach to social inquiry. - +r. ,irod %. +ash$ ,(U - /odule0 1election of the &esearch Paradigm and /ethodology
Phenomenology This school o$ tho#ght state that one&s behavior is determined by an e'perience or direct interaction o$ that being on the phenomena. n this school o$ tho#ght) it can simply be stated that a researcher m#st wear the shoes o$ his*her s#b%ect to be able to interpret or reprod#ce in his*her mind the sensations and tho#ghts that are behind the actions o$ the s#b%ect.
!thnomethodology
1 Chapter 2: Research Paradigm & Methodology
PROJECT TITLE: Project Description
This $oc#s on the st#dy o$ day+to+day basis o$ li$e.
,asically) it&s abo#t
sociology which interest is mainly on the interpretation o$ people to ma-e sense o$
social settings. ymbolic nteractionism This school o$ tho#ght is basically abo#t h#man interactions with each other) interpreting and #nderstanding it. t is said that h#man beings tends to #nderstand and interpret each other&s action instead o$ simply reacting on it. ymbolic interactionism #sed di$$erent media s#ch as lang#age to give an interpretation on an ob%ect. The main goal o$ this school o$ tho#ght is to #nderstand h#man interaction and res#lting patterns o$ di$$erent social organi"ation by $oc#sing on an individ#al&s ability to interpret an ob%ect) res#lting to h#man beings changing not only themselves thro#gh interaction b#t also the societies.
This three school o$ tho#ghts is what is being #sed in doing architect#ral case st#dies and behavioral st#dies. These $orms o$ st#dies are s#b%ective in manner which is a /#ality o$ Anti+Positivism. All dats gained in this $orm o$ st#dies is based on the researchers interpretation in the s#b%ects. C. CRITICA" T#$OR% Three types o$ interests which generated three types o$ -nowledge $orm#lated by 0abermas: •
A technical interest concerned ith the control of the physical
•
environment$ hich generates empirical and analytical )noledge. A practical interest concerned ith understanding the meaning of
•
situation$ hich generates hermeneutic and historical )noledge. An emancipating interest concerned ith the provision for groth and advancement$ hich generates critical )noledge and is concerned ith e2posing conditions of constraints and domination.
1 Chapter 2: Research Paradigm & Methodology
PROJECT TITLE: Project Description
- +r. ,irod %. +ash$ ,(U - /odule0 1election of the &esearch Paradigm and /ethodology
o#rce: +r. ,irod %. +ash$ ,(U - /odule0 1election of the &esearch Paradigm and /ethodology
principles underlying an area of study. t is a form of standardisation or frameor)$ allos things to be compared on a li)e-forli)e basis$ and allos findings to be replicated so as to validate them. /ethodology also ensures that findings are as true to reality and it is the frameor) that allos the body of human )noledge to progress. #hrough using a standard approach to creating ne information$ all people or)ing ithin a given field can continually revie$ refine and validate 3or invalidate4 previous findings$ until )noledge that is as accurate as possible is found. - &esearch 1trategies$ #actics and Paradigms &elevant to a 1pecific Ph+ #hesis in /AP- Program by 5ahid ,a*ari #aloo)i
This research st#dy will be g#ided by the principles o$ Positivism) Anti+ positivism and ritical theory and will $ollow the $ollowing step+by+step proced#res:
+ + + + + +
Pro%ect verview 4e$inition o$ the ss#e 4evelopment o$ Tools and n$ormation denti$ication o$ a ol#tion Planning 4evelopment and nvestigation 5orm#lation o$ oncl#sions and Recomendations
1 Chapter 2: Research Paradigm & Methodology
s e n i l e d i # n 6 n g * g s i i s d s s s e e e t d r 4 , 4 s a d s $ n e d e 7 s o m n 7 s e n r e i o t g o l g e i r n s a , e n n n n $ i i b a a . g d s l o # i n l n i n e * p m / o o r # n l n c # e n s a c a c i e s s e a i s a a P i i 6 t l l l v t M , r 9 R * P t n P 4 n b s P , t s e y e s e l d l $ d $ m e o n i d s s o n g d e n d o . m s # a m s 8 $ r e s a i e n r s e e o n t i t t r a s l i s " n e e # i a i l i l a s a ; l m r 9 A r i s e a a i * s e s d d p b P o s i c r # c l c g r y d # t n n n l n n a i o l c 0 a y s 7 p a i g l a c 4 i a e 5 T 5 o t * a a e i a i a e / r e s 4 n l d e t a v P ' h n r n a . 8 v v m s c n M R t e i c i c h n i t o a A A t P t e a e e a t v d l l c * e A n i l , d n 8 r i i s n l $ T l a d . P # v 4 * o $ g i i e t s i l d a a l i g d . o n n e l , n t i ' e n r t a a s s c r a a e t + a a n a m a ! P c s 0 e e n r c n O 0 s i s s s i s t e t + a 7 . e 7 s e e t n 2 t l a o 7 A d c r e + o s h c a c 4 m e T 4 i i o i s y l p + i g e s t l i t e l t + e h c 8 e a a s P r R n o r s s l i i s M l t i t i i i + t i e o p i e l i t a n t l # p m a 0 i 4 p t i i . t p p a # i t n a d a i + t + r / m i s t s e c n . a n s m g p e o d + t o . a o o a a . o e s l + ! 5 P + 0 s 0 h s p R 2 e h o P a + M l t t i t 0 s r l + r l n + 6 a s 4 i o a i o : + a + e g $ $ c + r i e 8 e s s 0 s l t e a d 0 e e + t e a s + e c n i a 4 n h i i M t + l l p l + e e s : a d d o + e i i # 0 # 0 + 6 6 7 + + l a t i p s o 0 +
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r s e e n c i c o $ r i $ $ i e $ 3 e 3 t a n ' l i l t a e h g a n t e n i l T c # m ! $ a r $ e y p y 3 o t t 0 s i l o i y d C e 2 s t i e i v e r o p e h s 2 e ( 4 t e e 4 a $ s h $ g 7 o s t o e g e A $ y o t r " i n i c e i s n $ $ c n 3 i $ g a $ e l 3 R P
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r e t n e C g n + " e n i p p i l i h P
PROJECT TITLE: Project Description
s o n a l s o c o i n , a $ l o o c y i i , t l $ t a o r n o o M i t d a n l # a p y o t i P + d i b r o M +
n g i s e 4 7 g n n i g n i n s s l s t a e s i e s n P 4 y e d c l i s n v m t r a e a n t r i e A l i a c g s . n p a i a 7 7 e 5 n n l s 4 s i n P c h e a t t d l t i l i t i s n a l l P # i i t e l , c t a a 0 a + a . s s e 7 s 5 o l s e l p A a t y a i s o t c n i e l p i i d t p 4 e a m s e M P ! o t 0 s r a o : $ s e n i l e d i # 6
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2.3.
A c ti vi t y
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l a t i p s o # g n i h c a e T d n a g n i n i a r T l a n o i g e R l o c i B
