2005 in

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Đề thi TOEFL tháng 5 năm 2005. SECTION I 1. (A) Listen to a weather report

8. (A) She and Sally have already finished painting the apartment (B) She and Sally decided not to paint the apartment.

(B) Decide whether to cancel the trip (C) Schedule foe trip for a later date (D) Ask other students for their opinion about the trip

(C)She hopes the roan will help paint the apartment. (D) She will invite the man to see the apartment after it is painted. 9. (A) She will help the man with the machine soon. (B) She thinks the man should use another machine. (C) The machine takes a few minutes to warm up. (D) Something got caught in the copy machine.

2. (A) She plays tennis better than Jane does. (B) She prefers to study with Jane today. (C) She cannot play tennis with the roan today. (D) She cannot attend math class today.

10. (A) Robert is taking a different class. (B) He is surprised the woman knows Robert. (C) The woman should be on the committee. (D) The woman should recommend additional people.

3. (A) He has not yet started his lab assignment (B) He just finished his chemistry experiment. (C) He can give the woman a ride home. (D) He is tired and wants to leave 4. (A) She just received information about the art festival (B) She will help the man find information. (C) The man can easily find the information by himself.

11. (A) The book had been misplaced on the shelf. (B) He can probably get a copy of the book for the woman. (C) He will call the warehouse to see if the book is available. (D) The woman should check to see if other bookstores have the book.

(D) The man should go to the art library. 5. (A) The book does not belong to her. (B) She prefers not to lend her books to other people. (C) The man will be able to buy the book soon. (D) The man cannot borrow the book light now.

12. (A) She agrees with the man about got ng to the movies (B) She has heard about a good new movie. (C) She is tired of going to movies. (D) She already has plans for tonight 13. (A) It was what she had expected. (B) She may need a new floor.

6. (A) She did not buy a ticket for the concert. (B) She was not sure which band would be playing. (C) The band was better than she expected. (D) The man did not know the band well.

(C) She plans to vote for Carl, (D) She was very surprised. 14. (A) The space in the office is sufficient. (B) She does not like the desk. (C) Someone else wants the typewriter. . (D) She would like to have the typewriter removed.

7. (A) Read the speech to her (B) Give a different speech (C) Finish writing the rest of the speech (D) Stop worrying about the speech

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15. (A) She will go to the party. (B) She has to work tonight

22. (A) He is not feeling well today. (B) He will be late for the theater club meeting.

(C) She has no plans for this afternoon. (D) She does not know, the man's roommate.

(C) He forgot to meet the woman at the theater. (D) He has not made the phone calls yet.

16. (A) The woman went to the wrong place, (B) The German class ended early. (C) The professor cancelled the class. (D) The woman forgot to go to class.

23. (A) He did not expect to see so many people at the lecture. (B) The lecture did not start on time. (C) Bad weather kept many people from attending the lecture. (D) Few people knew about the lecture,

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(A) Make some coffee for the woman (B) Stay up late (C) Stay overnight at a friend's house (D) Finish the paper in the morning

(A) Take both sweaters along (B) Choose the warmer sweater (C) Pick the brighter-colored sweater (D) Wear a heavy coat instead of a sweater

18. (A) He never shops at the local grocery store. (B) The woman should buy her produce from the farm. (C) The grocery store has higher quality produce. (D) It is cheaper to buy vegetables at the farm.

25. (A) The manager is too busy to see the man now. (B) The manager will be available before the meeting. (C) The man should come back tomorrow. (D) The man should go to the meeting.

19. (A) Pam wants to get a job in the infirmary. (B) Pam will come home from the infirmary on the weekend. (C) The woman should get off work early to visit Para. (D) The woman could go to theinfirmary on the weekend.

26. (A) She cannot use the computer now. (B) The man is not allowed to use the computer. (C) The library does not have the book the man needs. (D) The man probably will not enjoy the book.

20. (A) She needs to take chemistry as a requirement. (B) She was having trouble finding the chemistry room.

27. (A) The letters should have had more postage (B) The letters should have been sent by airmail.

(C) She did not realize there was a lab class. (D) She has already taken me lab class.

(C) Airmail rates have gotten too high. (D) The man should have waited to mail the letters. 28. (A) She wants one sandwich because she is nearly full, (B) She is ready to leave as soon as the ship gets here. (C) She recently learned her school expenses win be paid next year. (D) She is surprised there is only one scholarship awarded each year.

21. (A) Apply for a new library card (B) Go get his student ID card (C) Talk to the librarian about his ID card (D) Get the library books from his room

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29. (A) Kathy helped the man find a good car. (B) The man needs more time to decide about a car.

36. (A) They work together at the library, (B) They took a class together.

(C) The man is definitely going to buy Kathy's car. (D) The man was not satisfied with the car he bought from Kathy.

(C) They are on the staff of the campus literary review. (D) They met at a writer's conference.

30. (A) Study outside (B) Finish studying before going outside (C) Go outside now and enjoy the weather (D) Stay inside until the weather improves

37. (A) He is an experienced writer. (B) He is the editor of the literary review. (C) Professor Mitchell recommended hint (D) She believes he will contribute useful comments.

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(A) Drive her mother to the theater (B) Take care of her little brother (C) Come to the theater with her (D) Help her prepare for a class presentation

(A)Suggestions for additional assistance (B) Written critiques of their work (C) Time in class to work on their project (D) Permission to use ihe meeting room in the library

32. (A) He was difficult to understand. (B) He made her laugh. (C) He seemed well prepared. (D) He seemed nervous.

39 (A) The development of printing technology in the early United States (B) The firat newspapers in the British colonies (C) Colonial newspapers published by the British government (D) The role of newspapers in colonial elections

33. (A) It was a funny incident. (B) He has made the same mistake before. (C) He is worried that it will happen again. (D) The woman should be more honest with him.

40. (A) He wanted 10 be free of government control (B) He could not get a job with the government newspaper. (C) He was dissatisfied with other independent newspapers. (D) He wanted to encourage colonists to learn to read.

34. (A) To baby-sit her little brother (B) To study with Joe

41. (A) It was printed on a new kind of printing press. (B) It was humorous and critical*

(C) To see a play (D) To watch a video

(C) It was printed on two sides* (D) It was partially founded by the government. 42. (A) They could not participate in the conversations about the news. (B) They were encouraged to go to school, (C) They received information by bearing it read to them. (D) They thought newspapers were unnecessary.

35. (A) To help students improve their grades (B) To start a new student magazine (C) To provide assistance to student writers (D) To place students in jobs at publishing companies

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43 (A) The history of the Galileo space probe (B) Recent discoveries about one of Jupiter's moons

50. (A) The role of algae in the food chain (B) The effect of household chemicals on algae

(C) The differences between moons and planets (D) The composition of the Earth's moon

(C) The detection of chemicals in wastewater (D) The creation of safer household products

44 (A) It is larger than the planet Mercury, (B) It is covered with ice. (C) It is orbited by asteroids. (D) It creates its own magnetic field.

SECTION II PART 1 1. In the early eighteenth century, Ohio grew from a virtual wilderness to become-------of the early states had been in 1776, (A) most than more populous (B) more populous than most

45 (A) A core of molten metal (B) A huge deposit of ice (C) A combination of metal and sail water (D) A thin layer of magnetic rock

(C) more than most populous (D) populous most than more

46. (A) They prevented Galileo from getting too close to Ganymede. (B) They disrupted Galileo's ability to transmit images of Ganymede. (C) They indicate that Ganymede may have an atmosphere. (D) They arc the cause of Ganymede's unstable surface.

2. -------in pronunciation that Canadian English asserts its distinctiveness, and it has done so from earliest times. (A) Primarily is (B) Primarily has (C) It is primarily (D) There has primarily

47 (A) A rare species of algae (B) The treatment of wastewater (C) A threat to the aquatic environment (D) The increasing number of algae in rivers

3. New York City. -------"Big Apple” is the largest city in the United States and has been the gateway location for repeated waves of Immigrants. (A) is the (B) which the (C) calling the (D) me

48 (A) They are becoming more dangerous to the user. (B) They are encouraging the growth of algae in streams

4. Surface tension is the property ------the surface of a liquid to behave as if it were covered with a weak elastic skin. (A) of which causes

(C) They are being made with fewer chemicals. (D) They are being made to kill bacteria.

(B) that causes (C) that it causes (D) causes 5. While flies are frequently observed assembled in great numbers, they are not social insects------termites, bees, and ants are social. (A) sense that (B) that is the sense (C) in the sense that (D) is the sense

49. (A) It does not remove all chemicals. (B) It encourages the growth of some bacteria. (C) It is not done on a regular basis. (D) It has been improved by new technologies,

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6. Baaed on atmospheric physics, -------is mainly applied in weather forecasting and control. (A) and meteorology (B) meteorology (C) is where meteorology (D) on meteorology 7. -------Betsy Ross did make flags during the American Revolution, the legend mat she designed and made the first national flag for the United States is generally discredited. (A) Whether (B) For (C) Although (D) In spite of 8. The heart, a rhythmically contracting muscle, is------- of the cardiovascular system. (A) the major organ (B) the organ is major (C) the organ that is major (D) how the major organ 9. Extensive deposits of salt buried far underground-------found on all continents except Antarctica. (A) toe (B) that are (C) have been (D) they are

Copyright 2005 by Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (A) concerned (B) concerning (C) to concern (D) to be concerned 13. Fragile though it may seem, straw also has-------, keeping its natural gloss and pliancy for centuries. (A) resilience is extraordinary (B) some extraordinary and resilient (C) that of extraordinarily resilient (D) extraordinary resilience 14. ------subject to rust, many examples of decorative ironwork on buildings have disappeared. (A) If iron were (B) iron is being (C) Since iron is (D) How iron is 15. The starting point for the formation of petroleum is-------that has accumulated in die sediments on the ocean floor. (A) marine plankton has decayed (B) the decay of marine plankton (C) when decaying marine plankton (D) marine plankton, the decay of which 16. In me eighteenth century, quilting became a common technique in foe American colonies for the make of coverlets sewed in floral and geometric designs.

10. Stagecoaches reached their greatest importance in the United Slates in the nineteenth century, when paved roads made travel —-~. (A) was quicker and more comfortable (B) quicker and more comfortable (C) for being quicker and more comfortable (D) quicker and more comfortable to be 11. In North America, the Nebraska culture that succeeded the Woodland culture about A.D 1300 pioneered in------to become the area's chief economic activity, agriculture. (A) it was (B) which was (C) what was (D) was

17. The computer's complex circuitry is miniaturized inside silicon chips, wafer-thin silicon crystals with circuits electronic etched onto them. 18. Centrifuges are widely use to separate liquids having different densities or to separate solids from liquids. 19. There is ample evidence of that about 700 million years ago, glaciers reached well into what are now tropical regions. 20. Mathematics is a tool that can help solve problems and lead to new developments in other fields, such as space flight, medical, and architecture. 21. The meter of English poetry is determined by accented syllables rather by the quantities of vowels,

12. Contrary to some widely held beliefs-------bats, they are not blind and are not likely to attack humans.

22. In the nineteenth-century United States, It was assumed that growth, change, and progressive

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23. Swelling of the mucous membranes, cause by irritants, allergies, or infections, may block the nasal passages, making breathing difficult.

37. The sub cutis layer of the skin contains fat and muscle that insulate internal organ and act as an energy reservoir for the body. 38. A supernova, the explosive death of a star, temporary attains a brightness of 100 million suns or more.

24. The spearmint plant, which grows to about three feet height, has stalk less leaves and la*, tapering spikes of flowers that are usually pink or lilac.

39, The Northern Hemisphere faces the Sun most fully during the summer solstice which occurs in about June 22,

25. Germ theory defined precisely how diseases affect tissues and described their passage from one living creature to other .

40. San Diego has a diverse economy, deriving substantial revenue from manufacturing, maritime commerce, military installations, and agricultural active in the surrounding area.

26. The rings of the planet Uranus consists primarily of boulder-sized chunks of dark matter, averaging about one meter in diameter.

Section III Questions 1-9 Color in textiles is produced by dyeing, by printing, or by painting. Until the nineteenth century, all dyes were derived from vegetable or, more rarely, animal

27. George Inness’ rendering of distance and atmosphere raised his art above the ordinarily realism of nineteenth-century American landscape painting. 28. Not much is it known about the details of the development and acquisition of primate communication, especially in the wild. 29. Although Alaska ia the state in the United States with the largest area, Texas is the one that is divide into the largest number of counties. 30. Much of the early European colonists in North America remarked on the profusion of birds, animals, and fish .

or mineral sources, Line Since madder plants could be grown practically everywhere, the roots of some 5 species of the madder plant family were used from the earliest period to produce a whole range of reds. Red animal dyes, derived! from certain species of scale insects, were also highly valued from ancient times through the Middle Ages. Blues were obtained from indigo, which was widely .cultivated in India and exported from there, and from woad, a plant common in Europe and also used in the Near East from the beginning of the 10 Christian era. Before the first, nonfading "solid" green was invented in the early nineteenth century, greens were achieved by the overdyeing or overprinting of yellow and blue. However, yellow dyes± whether from weld or some other plant source such

31. The dancer and choreographer Twyla Tharp grew up in Los Angeles, California, and hers childhood included comprehensive training in music and dance. 32. Telecommunication systems involve the transmission of sound, pictures, words, and other types of information by electronic means, training in signals and satellite relays. 33. In addition to being the state capital, Albany is a focal point of trade, ship, and commerce in upstate New York.

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34. Like bats, dolphins use echolocation—pulses of high-frequency sound—both to find prey and for explore their environments. 25 35. The American zoologist Dian Fossey conducted field studies of wild gorillas that disproved old beliefs that gorillas were violence and aggressive. 36. Delaware is the only state which the legislature can amend the state constitution without the approval of the voters .

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as saffron or turmeric, invariably fade or disappear. This accounts for the bluish tinge of what were once bright greens in, for example, woven tapestry. The range of natural colors was hugely expanded and, indeed, superseded by the chemical dyes developed during the eighteen hundreds. By 1900 a complete range of synthetic colors had been evolved, many of them reaching a standard of resistance to fading from exposure to light and to washing that greatly exceeded that of natural dyestuffs. Since then, [he petroleum industry has added many new chemicals, and from hese other types of dyestuffs have been developed. Much of the research in dyes was stimulated by the peculiarities of some of the new synthetic fibers- Acetate rayon, for example, seemed at first to have no affinity for dyes and a new range of dyes had to be developed; nylon and Terylene presented similar problems. The printing of textiles has involved a number of distinct methods. With the exception of printing patterns directly onto the cloth, whether by block, roller, or screen, all of these arc based on dyeing; that is, the immersion of the fabric in a dye bath. 1. The passage mainly discusses the (A) development of synthetic colors foe textiles during the nineteenth century (B) advantages of chemical dyes over dyes derived from plants and animals (C) differences between dyeing textiles and printing ihem

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(D) history of the use of natural and chemical dyes to color textiles

(C) New synthetic fibers required brighter colors tijan natural fibers did. (D) New fabrics easily lost their colors when washed. 9. Why does the author mention "block, roller, or screen" in line 25 ? (A) To give examples of textile printing techniques that are based on dyeing (B) To argue that all methods of printing patterns onto textiles involve dyeing

2. According to the passage, what was the source of most textile dyes that were used before the nineteenth century? (A) Animals (B) Minerals (C) Plants (D) Chemicals

(C) To emphasize the variety of special tools used in me process of dyeing textiles (D) To give examples of textile printing techniques mat do not involve dyeing

3. What was the advantage of using madder plants for different shades of red? (A) It was possible to cultivate madder plants in almost every location, (B) Madder plants produced brighter colors than other plant sources. (C) Plant sources produced more lasting colors than animal sources. (D) Dyes derived from the madder plants were easier to work with than other dyes4. The word "invariably" ID line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) without exception (B) steadily (C) after some time (D) noticeably 5. It can be inferred from the passage that the green areas in woven tapestries developed a bluish tinge because (A) a darker color, like blue, dominates a light color, like yellow (B) light changed some of the green dye used in the tapestries to blue

Questions 10-19 The strangest-looking fish in the Everglades wetland region of southern Florida is the Florida gar, whose unusual appearance includes sharp needlelike teeth that ftil a long snout. Young gars have numerous dark spots and patches on an olive to yellow, Line long, slender body. Gars darken with age so that adults appear mostly dark brown, 5 especially when seen from above. Several types of gar exist in eastern and central North America, some of which are extremely large. The aptly named alligator gar is

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(C) the yellow dye. that was used in the tapestries had faded (D) the dyes used to color woven tapestries were made from minerals 6. The word "superseded" in line 15 is closest in meaning to (A) strengthened (B) improved (C) replaced (D) complemented

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25 7. According to the passage, how did chemical dyes compare to natural dyes? (A) The chemical dyes had less attractive colors. (B) The chemical dyes were less easy to use. (C) The chemical dyes lost their brightness more quickly when exposed to light. (D) The chemical dyes held up belter after washing. 8 According to the passage, what problem led to the development of new dyes after 1900 ? (A) Previously developed dyes did not work on new types of fibers. (B) Dyes derived from petroleum caused damage to new synthetic fibers.

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occasionally mistaken for an alligator and occurs from the lower Mississippi drainage basin to the rivers of the western panhandle of Florida. Only the relatively small Florida gar, seldom longer than two feet, lives in the Everglades. (The much larger long-nose gar as occasionally been found in the Everglades hut historically occurs only north of the region.) As with all gars, the Florida gar is predatory and is adept at catching smaller fish from schools by using a fast sideways snap of the jaws. It is also capable of catching individual prey, pursuing them along the bottom or in douse tangles of vegetation. Using a slow, stealthy approach, tins technique is effective on fish and grass shrimp. Florida gars are sometimes seen in huge numbers, which is the result of low water that confines individuals from the expanses of the marshes to limited aquatic habitats where they remain during the dry season. At these times, gars become prey for the alligator. The sight of a gar held in an alligator's jaws is a vision of prehistoric imagery. In fact, gars have changed little from their ancestors that dominated Earth's waters when the dinosaurs flourished; they even have primitive interlocking scales that differ greatly from those of most fish. They also have the dual ability to breathe air and water and can be observed regularly rising to the surface of the water to renew the air in their swim bladders. Florida gars are sometimes confused with a similarly shaped but unrelated needlefish, which are marine but commonly enter freshwater. Needlefish are greenish, bluish, or silvery and have a translucent appearance, hi marked contrast to the darker and opaque Florida gars. 10. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The different types of gar that live in North America (B) The type of gar that is common in the Everglades region (C) The similarities between the Florida gar and alligators (D) The different types of fish that live in the Everglades region 11 Which of ihe following physical characteristics of the Florida gar is NOT described? (A) Length of snout

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(B) Strength of bones (C) Type of teeth (D) Shape of body

(A) complex (B) useful (C) deep (D) double

12. The passage mentions which of the following as changes that occur when young gars grow to be adults? (A) The number of spots and patches on their bodies increase*. (B) They become extremely large. (C) Their teeth become sharper. (D) They become darker.

19. Which of the following is a characteristic of both needlefish and Florida gars? (A) A primitive method of breathing (B) A long, slender body (C) Brightly colored markings (D) A translucent appearance

13. The word "seldom" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) slightfy (B) similarly (C) rarely

Questions 20-29 The Native American people of Oregon transported themselves and their goods on foot, by canoe, by raft, by dog, and by horse. Each tribe used a combination of methods, choosing the mode of transportation best suited to the terrain, the type of load, and the

(D) apparently

Line desired speed. Since each band and local group had a different pattern of settlement and 5 easonal movement, the mixture of transportation methods differed from group to group and from season to season. Long-distance travel by foot was common all over Oregon. In rougher parts of the inland valleys area and in eastern Oregon prior to the arrival of the horse (first introduced to the area some 300 years ago), it was the principal mode of long-distance travel. Foot 10 trails wound across most mountain passes and were important in maintaining the vast Native American trading network. Leather moccasins and Cute sandals were worn for long hikes and for protection against cold, rather than for everyday use. In winter, snowshoes were used for hunting expeditions, ID the Klamath area, where lakes were well stocked

14. The word "adept" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) skilled (B) unusual (C) alone (D) observed 15. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method that Florida gars use to obtain food? (A) Using a sideways movement (B) Following prey slowly (C) Finding prey that swim near the surface (D) Catching prey that swim in large groups According to the passage, why are Florida gars sometimes concentrated in large numbers? (A) Low water restricts them to certain areas. (B) Swimming in groups protects them from predators. (C) They form large groups to reproduce

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(D) They migrate from the marshes each year. 17. The word "they" in line 17 refers to (A) individuals (B) expanses . (C) marshes (D) habitats 18. The word "dual” in line 21 is closet in meaning to

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with waterfowl and plant products, Native Americans used mudshoes (built similarly to snowshoes) to keep from sinking in the mud. Canoes and rafts were osed by Native Americans in all parts of Oregon, although they were not a major method of travel in eastern Oregon. The boat* were used on lakes and rivers for fishing, gathering water plants, bird hunting, and travel. Native Americans from Oregon occasionally ventured to sea for seal hunts, but long sea voyages were much less common than they were further north among the Nootka, Kwakiutl, and Halda people. The use of canoes along the Columbia River contributed to the development of trading and continued, communication among neighboring tribes. Most Oregon canoes were made by hollowing logs. The wooden dugout was uniquely suited to western Oregon's plentiful supply of timber. The canoes were expertly carved in a variety of shapes and sizes to ensure a smooth and quiet voyage even in rough waters. 20. According to the passage, all of the following affected the choice of transportation EXCEPT (A) the type of land that had to be traveled (B) what was to be carried (C) how fast an Item needed to be transported (D) the cost of transportation

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21. The word "principal" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) original (B) simple

28. The passage supports which of the following statements about Native American trade in Oregon? (A) Trade was limited by the mountainous terrain,

(C) main (D) ordinary

(B) Trade was more depended oc the canoe than on any other form of travel. (C) Items related to transportation were typical trade products. (D) Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.

22. According to the passage, the horse (A) could not be used for long distance travel (B) replaced traveling by foot in more rugged areas (C) Improved the quality of mountain foot trails (D) was an important part of Oregon's culture

29. The passage most likely continues with a discussion of (A) the process of seal hunting (B) transportation by dog and horse (C) winter transportation methods (D) transportation outside of Oregon

23. According to the passage, tube sandals were used for (A) waiting great distances (B) wanner weather (C) wearing every day (D) walking in mud 24. The word "stocked" in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) utilized (B) endangered (C) supplied (D) hunted

Questions 30-39 The atmosphere of Venus is quite different from ours. Measurements taken from the Earth show a high concentration of carton dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus. In fact, carbon dioxide makes up 96 percent of Venus* atmosphere; nitrogen makes up almost all Line the rest. The Earth's atmosphere, by comparison, is mainly nitrogen, with a fair amount 5 of oxygen as well. Carbon dioxide makes up less than 0.1 percent of the terrestrial atmosphere, The surface pressure of Venus* atmosphere is 90 limes higher than the pressure of Earth's atmosphere, as a result of the large amount of carbon dioxide in the former. Throughout Earth's history, carbon dioxide on Earth has mixed with rain to dissolve 10

25. The word "they" in line 20 refers to (A) long sea voyages (B) Native Americana (C) seal hunts (D) canoes

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26. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as uses of die canoe EXCEPT (A) hunting animals (B) fishing (C) carrying timber (D) collecting plants

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27. The word "ensure" in tine 25 is closest in meaning to (A) guarantee (B) decrease (C) convince (D) continue

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rocks; the dissolved rock and carbon dioxide eventually flow into the oceans, where they precipitate to fonn new terrestrial rocks, often with the help of life-forms. If this carbon dioside were released from the Earth's rocks, along with ower carton dioxide trapped in seawater, our atmosphere would become as dense and have as high a preasore as that of Venus. Venus, slightly closer to the Sun than Earth and thus hotter, had no'oceans in which the carbon dioxide could dissolve or life to help take up the carbon. Also, Venus has probably lost almost all the water it ever had. Since Venus is closer to the Sun than the Earth is, its lower atmosphere was hotter even early on. The result was that more water vapor went into its upper atmosphere, where solar ultraviolet rays broke in up into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen, a light gas, escaped easily; the oxygen has combined with other gasses or with iron on Venus1 surface. Studies from the Earth show that the clouds on Venus are primarily composed of droplets of sulfuric acid, with water droplets mixed in* Sulfuric acid may sound strange as a cloud constituent, but the Earth too has a significant layer of sulfuric acid droplets in its stratosphere. However, the water in the lower layers of the Earth's atmosphere, circulating because of weather, washes the sulfur compounds out of these layers, whereas Venus has sulfur compounds in me lower layers of its atmosphere in addition to those in its clouds.

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Copyright 2005 by Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (D) The expansion of Earth’s oceans

30. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Atmospheric differences between Venus and Earth (B) How Venus lost the water it once had

37. The passage suggests that which of the following helps explain; why Earth has kept most of its water? (A) Earth's surface contains only small amounts of iron.

(C) The influence of the Sun on Venus (D) A comparison between the upper and lower atmosphere on Venus

(B) Earth has always been cooler than Venus. (C) Earth now has higher amounts of carbon dioxide than it used to have. (D) Earth's atmosphere has never completely blocked sulfuric acid droplets,

31 The phrase “the former” in line8 refers to (A) the surface pressure (B) Venus1 atmosphere (C) Earth's atmosphere (D) a result

38. Avoiding to the passage, what happened to oxygen on Venus'? (A) Most of it was absorbed into rocks. (B) It was released from water and then combined with other substances. (C) It chemically combined with hydrogen to form atmospheric water, (D) It has been slowly replacing carbon dioxide in Venus' upper atmosphere,

32. The word "eventually1* in line 10 is closest in meaning to (A) in the past (B) first (C) ultimately (D) occasionally

39. The word "constituent” in line 23 is closest in meaning to (A) type (B) alternative (C) product (D) component

33. According to the passage, what causes Venus' high surface pressure? (A) Dissolving rocks (B) Frequent heavy rains (C) Its distance from the Sun (D) The composition of its atmosphere 34. Why does the author begin the sentence in lines 11-12 with the phrase "If this carbon dioxide were released from Earth's rocks,.-."' (A) To present a situation that is contrary to fact (B) To convince readers that a certain process is harmless (C) To describe an event that took place long ago (D) To explain what is likely to happen in the future 35. The word "trapped" in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) caught

Questions 40-50 In the years leading up to the First World War, the realist tradition in the United States was given new life within the ranks of the so-called Ashcan School, a term that loosely describes a group of artists in New York who favored, as the name implies, commonplace Line subjects, even ones that emphasized the seedy aspects of daily life. In an era when the 5 United States was shifting from an agricultural to an industrially based economy, artists turned to the vitality of the city for their themes, sometimes documenting the lives of the nation's urban inhabitants with a literalness that shocked viewers accustomed to the bland generalizations of academic art. Thus, the first modern American revolution in painting in the early twentieth century was not away from, but toward, realism. 10 The developments toward realism and new pictorial subject matter introduced by this revolution are explained in part by the fact that the academic spirit had become anathema to many young painters by the beginning of the twentieth century, when the professional survival of an artist was largely contingent on membership in the National Academy of

(B) transported (C) lacking (D) involved

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36. According to the passage, which of the following has resulted from processes involving Earth’s carbon dioxide? (A) A steady increase in the density of Earth’s atmosphere (B) An increased rate at which rock dissolves (C) The accumulation of carbon dioxide in Earth’s rocks

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Design, the American equivalent of the French Academy of Aits. The National Academy of Design perpetuated the Traditions of ftp French Academy, such as annual juried exhibitions. Although it merged with the more tolerant Society of American Artists in 1907, it remained steadfastly intolerant of new developments. At the same time, important venues in New York, particularly Alfred Stteglitz's gallery known as 291 and* in 1913, the gigantic exhibition of modern art known as the Armory Show, introduced European modernists to American audiences and nurtured a number of American artists committed not to realism but to experimental art During the 1930's, the country's focus turned inward, giving rise to new varieties of realist art based on

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intrinsically American themes. These were practiced by the so-called Regionalists, who recorded the rural lire of the Midwest, and the more politically engaged Social Realists, who documented the social consequences of extreme economic change. Also a fertile period for American photography, the era before the Second World War witnessed the development of photojournalism, as well as social documentary and advertising photography. 40. What aspect of twentieth-century art in the United States does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The realistic representation of urban life in the years before the First World War (B) he limitations of early twentieth-century academic art (C) The development of realism from the early twentieth century to the Second World War (D) The influence of European art on American an between the First and the Second World Wars


46. The word "perpetuated" in line 15 is closest in meaning to (A) started (B) influenced (C) continued (D) changed 47. The word “it” in line 17 refers to (A) the Society of American Artists (B) the French Academy of Arts (C) the professional survival of - an artist (D) the National Academy of Design

41. The word "bland" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

48. Why docs the author mention the Armory Show in lines 19-20?

(A) thoughtless (B) regulated (C) false (D) dull 42. According to the passage, all of the following are characters-tics of the Ashcan School EXCEPT – (A) a preference for everyday subjects (B) the representation of agricultural life (C) an untraditional approach to art (D) a tendency to disturb many viewers

(A)To explain why most American artiste rejected the influence or European experimental art (B)To explain why politically engaged art developed in the United States during the 1930’s (C)To give an example of an exhibition that introduced modem European artists (D)To argue that American painters were not sufficiently exposed to experimental art

43. It can be inferred from the passage that the first modern American revolution in painting (A) was unusual in turning toward realism rather than away from it (B) was a reaction against the literalness of academic art (C) was similar in its realism to artistic revolutions in other parts of the world (D) was strongly influenced by earlier developments away from realism

50- The word "witnessed”'in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) opposed (B) observed (C) influenced (D) resulted in

49. According to the passage, the Regionalist (line 23) were artists who (A) documented the lives of urban inhabitants (B) portrayed life in me countryside (C) recorded the social consequences of economic change (D) were not committed to realism in their art

44. Which of the following developments in [he art world contributed to a renewal of realism in the early twentieth century? (A) The organization of annual juried exhibitions (B) The rejection of academic art by young painters (C) The joining of two important artistic societies (D) The increasing recognition of artists as professionals 45. The phrase "contingent on" in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) unrelated to (B) separate from (C) expanded on (D)dependent on

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Đề thi TOEFL tháng 5 năm 2005

Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (D) She went home for vacation.

Section I 1.

8. (A) Try to fix what is wrong with the computer

(A) The man should go to the museum by shuttle bus. (B) The next train leaves in25 minutes. (C) The train will arrive at the museum before 10:30. (D) The man just missed the shuttle bus to the museum.

(B) Ask someone else for help with the computer (C) Turn on another computer (D) Let the woman use his computer

2. (A) She forgot to study for the exam. (B) She had planned to go to the movie. (C) The man should have invited her to the movies. (D) The man should have studied for the exam.

9. (A) She thinks the man should order the fish. (B) She wants the man to choose quickly. (C) She prefers the chicken (D) She cannot decide what to eat 10. (A) She should go home now to get the CD. (B) She can return the CD to Tom later. (C) She can borrow a CD from Tom when she sees him in class. (D) She should not have taken Tom's CD home with her.

3. (A) A' new building (B) Directions to the gym (C) Going to the library (D) New library hours

11(A) Cancel her appointment at the clinic (B) Make an appointment at the clinic soon (C) Begin practicing for the German test next week

4. (A) Take a different history course (B) Use a computer in the lab (C) Help him write his paper (D) Return his computer as soon as possible

(D) Arrange to take the German test at a later date

5. (A) She got her watch where her sister works. (B) She will help the man buy a watch. (C) She had to work hard to buy a watch. (D) The man should not buy a watch at her sister's store.

12. (A) Rent the apartment she saw first (B) Visit her new neighbors (C) Look at other apartments before deciding (D) Write a check for the rent 13. (A) He likes to play basketball

6. (A) Find out if classes are cancelled (B) Not go to classes tomorrow (C) Turn on the radio (D) Look to see if the storm has stopped

(B) He is proud of his ability as a basketball player. (C) He does not want to watch the basketball game. (D) He is not on the basketball team. 14. (A) Buy both shirts today (B) Buy the green shirt (C) Return the shirt he bought last week (D) Not buy any shirts

7. (A) No one has recently seen her (B) She is spending a lot of time in the library. (C) She is avoiding the man.

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15. (A) The woman did not accept the job offer.

22 (A) She is looking for a job on campus.

(B) The woman does not like her new job. (C) The woman is planning to start a new job. (D) The woman is looking for a job at a different bank.

(B) She can get the materials they gave out at the meeting, (C) She went to the meeting with her roommate. (D) She is too busy to help the man.

16 (A) Go to the party with the man (B) Take her aunt to the party (C) Invite the man to the play (D) See a play with her aunt

23. (A) He probably will not be able to follow the professor's advice. (B) He has not finished doing the research for his presentation. (C) He does not understand what the professor means. (D) He would like the professor to listen to him rehearse his presentation.

17 (A) She is looking for another job (B) She will apply for financial aid next year. (C) She thinks she will not need financial aid. (D) She thinks she is not taking enough classes.

24 (A) He knows who will be performing in the musical. (B) He doubts that the theater group will perform a musical next year. (C) The theater group needs to select a new director. (D) The director has probably chosen the musical,

18 (A) It is the only kind the restaurant has left, (B) The woman does not have to pay extra for it. (C) It is a specialty of the restaurant.

25 (A) He has been sick recently. (B) He is tired of looking for an apartment. (C) He wants an apartment near his work.

(D) He will replace it with a different dessert.

(D) He has been looking for a new job for a long time.

19 (A) A small town can have negative qualities. (B) It can be difficult to run a business in a small town. (C) His family owns a business in his hometown. (D) He would like to visit the woman's hometown.

26. (A) The woman would not vote in the elections. (B) Ben would be elected class president. (C) Ben would not run for class president. (D) The elections would be held later.

20 (A) He would like more time to prepare next time.

27. (A) He did not recommend the lecture.

(B) He will not be able to attend the open house. (C) He enjoyed working as a volunteer (D) He will not be able to coordinate the program again.

(B) He did not speak to the woman yesterday. (C) He is eager to go to the lecture. (D) He started to like astronomy only recently.

21 (A) He will meet the man and woman before his psychology class, (B) He is in the same class as the man and woman. (C) He is late for an appointment with the man and woman. (D) He forgot to do his assignment for today's class.

28. (A) She needs to continue studying. (B) She did not read the reviews. (C) She has already seen the movie. (D) She Intends to go see the movie.

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29. (A) He thinks the dry weather will change.

36 (A) Their voice box is not positioned correctly yet.

(B) He is already conserving water. (C) Ways should he found to use less water. (D) The dry weather will be worse than last summer.

(B) Their hearing is not good enough yet. (C) They do not yet have the muscle control needed. (D) Their brains are not yet adequately developed.

30. (A) Everyone should already have the new manual. (B) The old manual should not be used anymore. (C) The new manual has not been completed yet. (D) The old manual will not be changed.

37 (A) When children learn to say whole sentences (B) In the first month of life (C) When children start to go to school (D) When children learn to associate sounds with meaning

31 (A) The class reading list (B) Books about New York City (C) A book by Theodore Dreiser (D) A critical review of Sister Carrie

38 (A) Until what age vocabulary growth continues (B) How children are able to learn language (C) When die best time to start a foreign language is (D) How to identity children with language disorders

32 (A) It is set in the city instead of the country. (B) It does not try to teach a moral lesson. (C) It is about a woman working in a traditionally male role.

39 (A) The use of beads in Native American monetary systems (B) Communication over long distances in North America ' (C) Difficulties encountered by native couriers

(D) The main character gets into trouble.

(D) Alliances between the Iroquois and the Algonquin

33. (A) Some British reviewers wrote favorably about it. (B) Dreiser published it himself. (C) An editor revised it. (D) Dreiser rewrote it using a different style.

40. (A) Adverse traveling conditions delayed the courier. (B) The courier needed to hire a guide. (C) The fees of several couriers were included in the charge. (D) The letter contained a valuable item.

34 (A) How to learn a second language

41. (A) The signing of a treaty

(B) The importance of early childhood education (C) Phases of language development in young children (D) Methods to help children develop their vocabularies

(B) A wedding feast (C) The birth of a child (D) A funeral

35. (A) They are difficult for children to pronounce. (B) They occur in all languages. (C) They are among the first sounds babies make. (D)They are sometimes used to refer to house pets.

42. (A) Planning a garden (B) Feeding pets (C) Attracting birds (D) Preserving eggs

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43. (A) They use them in making nests.

50. (A) Frequent landslides

(B) They like to eat them, (C) They use them when mating. (D) They drink water from them,

(B) Too much vegetation (C) Water draining from another slope (D) A wall that stops water from draining

44. (A) They are dried in the sun. (B) They are soaked in water. (C) They are cooled in the refrigerator. (D) They are baked in the oven.

Section II PART A 1. The rock-fill dam, essentially an embankment like the earth -fill dam, uses rock instead of

45. (A) It makes them clean and free of germs. (B) It makes them more visible for the birds. (C) It makes them more nutritious. (D) It makes them softer.

earth-----~, (A) and providing stability (B) to provide stability (C) stability is provided (D) provides stability

46 (A) She is a good cook. (B) She collects birds' nests. (C) She likes to have birds visit her garden.

2. The telegraph, invented in the mid-nineteenth century, remained even into the 1970's-------of telecommunication. (A) a principal system (B) a system was principal

(D) She is a professional gardener

(C) that was a principal system (D) a principal system when

47. (A) How to prevent landslides in populated areas (B) How to repair damage to houses caused by heavy rains (C) How geologists study landslides (D) Three materials needed for stable construction 48. (A) They can determine the cost of construction.

3. Royal jelly, a secretion produced by worker bees, is fed to------- destined to become queen bees. (A) those that (B) be those (C) those of (D) those 4. -------is necessarily limited to areas of productive soils, tillable topography, and adequate

(B) They can reveal unsafe conditions for building. (C) They can show where landslides have occurred. (D) They can measure the rate of water drainage. 49. (A) It often interferes with construction (B) It helps keep the soil in place. (C) It grows quickly after heavy rains. (D) It makes slopes unstable,

moisture, where the growing season is long enough for plant germination and maturation. (A) Farm (B) Farming (C) When farming (D) To farm 5 - Among the most famous products of the Aesthetic Movement were the Tiffany lamps, first-------in 1899. (A) had been producing

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Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (B) had been produced (C) produced (D) were producing 6. Refrigerating meats-------the spread of bacteria. (A) retards (B) retarding (C) to retard (D) is retarded 7. The islands of the Florida Keys are joined to the mainland by an overseas highway-------a railroad destroyed in the hurricane of 1935 (A) replaces (B) and replaces (C) hat replaces (D) that it replaces 8. The------east of the Mississippi River is made up of the Lumbee people. (A) Native American nation largest (B) largest Native American nation (C) largest nation Native American (D) Native American largest nation 9. Kim Campbell was the nineteenth Prime Minister of Canada,--------. (A) heid the office the first woman (B) was the first woman to hold the office (C) the first woman to hold the office (D) and for holding the office the first woman

Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) summer (A) is when (B) when there are (C) when (D) when does 13. The illusion of motion pictures rests on the eyes* tendency-------an image for a fraction of a second after the image has been withdrawn. (A) to retain (B) that retaining (C) to be retained (D) has retained 14. Through reproduction....... the properties of a species, (A) successive generations that carry on (B) that successive generations carry on (C) successive generations carry on (D) cany on successive generations 15, Four flags have flown over the Palace of the Governors in Santa Fe, New Mexico: ------ Spain, Mexico, the Confederacy, and the United States. (A) which of (B) of mose being (C) those of (D) Those that of PART B 16. Nearly 100 million tons of fish, mollusks, squid, and crustaceans are extracted from the ocean every years.

10.Type metal used in the printing industry varies in its components -------is generally a combination of lead, tin and antimony. (A) as (B) if (C) why (D) but 11.The author Mark Twain worked as a newspaper reporter in Nevada and California before moving to Hartford, Connecticut,-------he wrote most of his books. (A) where (B) which (C) in addition to (D) such as

17. In the Missouri Ozark Mountains more than 10,000 springs can be found, some among the most largest in the world. 18. The first high school in the United States, which opened in 1821, was the English Classical School, locate in Boston, Massachusetts. 19, Artificial satellites can perform many task and send back data or pictures to Earth. 20. By the 1880’s, world demand for cotton had begun fall off. 21. The early Quakers adopted a distinctive and simply style of dress.

12.Glaciers begin to form-------more snow falls during the winter than melts and evaporates in the

22. At present, about 300 different varieties of dinosaur have been identified from bones found on every of the continents.

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23. A black hole warps the surrounding space-time fabric as severely that nothing that comes within its event horizon can escape from its gravitational grip. 24. By using special equipment, seismologists can determine the size and location of an earthquake and the fault to which it originated.

39. Logic, whether modem, tradition , or ancient, limits its concern strictly to problems of validity.

25. For most bees, life revolves around the scent, colorful, and nectar of flowers.

SECTION III Questions 1-9 With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, knowing the age of rocks became a necessary prerequisite to finding industrial minerals, such as coal, iron, and the other materials that fueled and sustained the great Western industrialization of the eighteenth Line and nineteenth centuries. It was in the mining regions where engineers, who needed a 5 better system for organizing the various types of rock scattered across Earth's surface, first grappled with scientific approaches to understanding the age of various rocks—and the age of Earth. They realized that if the various rock units could he dated by their

26. Portrait artists sometimes intentional alter the appearance of their subjects by refining their images to emphasize or minimize particular physical qualities. 27. May Sarton's first two novels had European settings, but after 1955 New England provided the background for most her fiction. 28. Methane gas in the upper atmosphere account for the planet Uranus' greenish hue. 29. As adolescents gain weight, the amount and distribution of fat in their bodies will change, and so it will the proportion of bone and muscle.

40. Cable cars in hilly San Francisco are pulled along by an endless cable between the rails, which is driven by machinery in a centrally powerhouse.

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30. Raccoons prefer swampy areas or woods near water; either they avoid very high elevations, very arid regions, and purely coniferous forests. 31. By 1996, the United States population exceeded 261 million, with a median age of thirty-four, making it one of the oldest national population on Earth.

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32. In medical and dentistry, radiography is invaluable for diagnosing bone damage tooth decay, and internal disease, 20 33. Water droplets in clouds are very small; they must coagulate or grow before they falling as rain or snow. 34. One of the most powerful tools available to labor unions has been the ability to strike in order to settle its disputes with management. 35. The velocity of a river is control by the slope, the depth , and the roughness of the riverbed. 36. By selectively breeding plants, researchers have created strains of plants that are more resistance to disease. 37. Much governmental and international organizations throughout the world are concerned with the development of guidelines for daily nutritional requirements 38. When a ray of light passes from one transparent medium, such as air, into other, such as glass, it is bent.

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relative ages, correlations among even widely separated rocks could be established and from this, some order recognized. The pioneering European geologists first believed that identifying a rock's type would give them a strong clue to the age of the rock formation and that one of the most powerful clues came from the hardness of a given rock. Specific rock types were thus assumed to have formed at characteristically different rimes, the softest rocks having formed the most recently. This crude type of dating was first used to understand the way mountains were formed, In the mid-1700's it was thought thai there were three distinct types of mountains in Europe, each formed by a different type of rock and each created at a different time. According to this theory, the oldest were the Alps, which had interior cores composed of very hard, crystalline rocks (such as granite, schist, or basalt). These mountains were called Primitive. Sitting on the flanks of the Primitive mountains were younger, smaller, Secondary mountains composed of layered sedimentary rocks such as limestone. They were often rich with fossils and intermediate in hardness. The youngest Tertiary mountains were composed of softer mudstones and sandstone. Rock type, hardness, and size thus established mountain type, and rock type also became a proxy for age. However, study soon exposed the fallacy of these early notions. It was discovered that some of the very high mountains were composed of the softest sediments and that even hard volcanic rock was sometimes found in very low mountains. By the early 1800's, it was understood that rock type was of no help in establishing age. 1, What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) An early attempt to find reliable rules for dating rocks and mountains (B) The search for different rock types to be used in industry (C) Changing views about what caused high mountain ranges to form (D) A controversy about rocks between mining engineers and geologists 2. The word "grappled" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) competed (B) struggled

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(C) agreed (D) searched

(C) product (D) choice

3. According to the passage, how could knowing the age of rocks benefit industry'? (A) It reduced the dependence of industry on coal.

Questions 10-18 Some people are concerned that our soils arc becoming depleted of trace minerals by

(B) It helped miners find new types of minerals. (C) It helped people in their search for industrial minerals. (D) It made it possible to mine rocks under Earth's surface. 4. According to the passage, mining engineers were the first to realize that (A) various types of rock were scattered across Earth's surface (B) rocks in different locations could be related by their age (C) there were wide differences in the appearance of different types of rocks (D) older rocks were better suited for industrial use 5. The word 'They" in line 21 refers to (A) crystalline rocks (B) the flanks (C) the Primitive mountains (D) layered sedimentary rocks

continuous agricultural use and hence that foocte are becoming depleted in vital minerals. This is a complex issue about which not a great deal is known, but the lack of evidence of Line mineral deficiencies in our population speaks to the adequacy of our soils. Furthermore, 5 soils are replenished in trace minerals by rainwater and especially by irrigation water that is obtained from rivers or wells that draw water from other soil or rock formations far away from the farm, On the other hand, agricultural practices that remove the total crop from the field year after year with no replenishment of trace minerals can over time result in a crop poor in 10 these minerals. Of course, the fanner could supply chemical fertilizer to the fields* but with most fertilizers this practice would replenish only potassium, phosphates, and nitrogen.

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6. Why does the author mention rock type, hardness, and size in lines 22-23? (A) To describe the development of European geology (B) To explain the differences between mudstone and sandstone (C) To introduce the new theories that were about to emerge in the 1800's (D) To summarize the characteristics thought to distinguish mountain types 7. According to the passage, pioneer geologists believed that to determine a rock's age, it was helpful to know (A) how deep under the surface the rock was located (B) how much power was needed to remove the rock (C) how rough the rock's texture was (D) how soft the rock was

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Rotating a "green manure" crop such as clover, which is plowed under after the end of the growing season, would renew only nitrogen in the soil, not trace elements. There is a growing realization, therefore, (hat so-called organic farming makes good commercial sense and would help minimize mineral depletion: Organic fanning essentially refers to farming that does not depend on chemical fertilizers; rather, soils are invigorated by applying manure and by plowing in crop wastes, such as corn stalks and bean vines, and compost. These techniques return organic material and trace minerals back to the soils and are to be commended. However, for maximum yields, a chemical fertilizer may be required in addition to manure and plant waste. Some critics of modern farming methods fear that the hardier varieties of fruits and vegetables that have been developed to make shipment easier have resulted in loss of vitamin content. This concern is unfounded because the creation of vitamins by plants is an automatic biological process. Any variety of plant will make the full complement of vitamins it needs, regardless of species.

8. According to the passage, early geologists believed which of the following about Primitive

10. The word "vital" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) effective (B) ideal (C) unique (D) necessary

mountains? (A) They had interior cores of sandstone and mudstone, (B) They contained a large number of fossils. (C) They had been formed during the same limited period in Earth's history. (D)They were smaller than the Tertiary mountains.

11 The author mentions clover in tine 12 as an example of a (A) plant that is typically grown on organic farms (B) crop that can be rotated and used as fertilizer (C) crop that replaces both nitrogen and trace elements in soil (D) plant that has been thoroughly depleted of nutrients in recent years

9. The word "proxy" in line 23 is closest in meaning to (A) substitute (B) preparation

12. The author mentions all of the following as an example of ways to renew trace minerals in the soil EXCEPT (A) plowing crop wastes into the soil

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Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (B) organic farming (C) using appropriate water (D) growing the same crop year after year 13. The word "essentially" in line 15 is closest in meaning to (A) probably

images.

(B) biologically (C) basically (D) automatically

(B) The equipment needed (C) The high cost (D) The role of the artist

14. Which of the following does the passage identify as examples of plant waste products? (A) Potassium and phosphates (B) Clover (C) Trace elements (D) Com stalks and bean vines

20.According to the passage, in computer-assisted animation the role of the computer is to draw the (A) first frame (B) middle frames (C) last frame (D) entire sequence of frames

Questions 19-29 Animation traditionaily is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frames of an object, each slightly different than the preceding frame. In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in moat cases the artist will Line draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings 5 between the first and the last drawing. This is generally referred to as computer-assisted animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator. In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequence of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers that define the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database 10

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19. What aspect of computer animation does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The production process

21. The word "they" in line 9 refers to (A) formulas (B) databases (C) numbers (D) objects 22. According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in line 15 are used to (A) add color to the images (B) expose several frames at the same time

consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information. Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques for three-dimensional transformation, shading, and curvatures. High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen, A camera can be used to film directly from the computer's display screen, but for the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer

(C) store individual images (D) create new frames

computes the positions and colors for ihe figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder. Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next frame. When the entire sequence has been recorded on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be viewed. If the entire sequence does not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and rerecorded. This approach can be very expensive and time consuming. Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking

are determined by (A) drawing several versions (B) enlarging one frame at a lime (C) analyzing the sequence from different angles (D) using computer calculations

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23. The phrase "nothing more than" in lines 15-16 is closest in meaning to (A) increasingly (B) simply (C) paiticularly (D) instantly 24. According to the passage, the positions and colors of the figures m high-tech animation

25. The word "captures" in line 21 is closest in meaning to (A) separates (B) registers

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(C) describes (D) numbers 26. The word "Once" in line 22 is closest in meaning to (A) before

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(B) since (C) after (D) while 25 27. According to the passage, how do computer-animation companies often test motion? (A) They experiment with computer-generated line drawings. (B) They hand-draw successive frames. (C) They calculate high-resolution images. (D) They develop extensive mathematical formulas.

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Delaware Valley, and ought to serve as a symbol of this composite culture. Construction with logs was a tradition brought to North America by Finnish settlers of New Sweden, It was quickly picked up by other settlers, for with the resources of the American woods, a few tools, and a little training, several men could erect a rough shelter in a day, or a solid house in a week, What is truly fascinating is that Native Americans quickly learned these construction techniques and probably did as much as colonists to spread the practice of log construction across the frontiers of colonial North America. 30. Which one of the following questions does the passage answer? (A) What role did Native American men play in teaching their agricultural methods to

28. The word "task" in line 28 is closest in meaning to (A) possibility (B) position (C) time (D) job

Scandinavian settlers? (B) How did the interaction between Native Americans and Scandinavian settlers benefit both groups? (C) What hardships did the Scandinavian women settlers experience in North America? (D) What caused a rivalry between the English and Scandinavian settlers in North America?

29. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? (A) Computers have reduced the costs of animation. (B) In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed. (C) Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings.

31. The word "fostered" in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) encouraged (B) predated (C) predicted

(D)Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills.

(D) rejected

Questions 30-39 The first Europeans in the Delaware Valley, a region located near die Atlantic Coast of North America, were Scandinavians. They came to the short-lived colony known as New Sweden, founded in 1638, Loose organization and local autonomy fostered a cultural Line fusion between native and settler cultures that proved one of the most notable—and least 5 understood—developments of early North American history. The Native Americans were both fanners and hunters; Native American women farmed gardens of corn, beans, and squash, while Native American men hunted for furs, hides, and meat. Such a gender

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understanding the patterns of game animals. But Scandinavian men were familiar with hunting and receptive to learning the hunting methods of the local Native Americans. In turn Native Americans readily incorporated European steel knives, firearms, and linen hunting shirts into their hunting routines. The most common symbol of pioneer North America, the log cabin, emerged in the

division of labor was much like that practiced by Scandinavian settlers. In the harsh environment of northern Europe, Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation, and they immediately understood Native American horticulture. Colonial women of the Delaware valley quickly adopted the crops of the Native American women, while Native American women welcomed European tools, such as metal hoes, and farm animals, such as pigs and chickens. Similarly, Scandinavian men quickly adapted to hunting in North America, In France and England, unlike Scandinavia, hunting had been long reserved for the nobility, and so few French and English settlers had much experience in handling firearms or

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32. In line 4, the word "notable" is closest in meaning to (A) social (B) predictable (C) remarkable (D) early 33.According to the passage, the Native American and Scandinavian cultures of the Delaware Valley initially had all of the following in common EXCEPT (A) loose organization (B) farming experience (C) metal fanning tools (D) local autonomy 34. According to the passage, why were Scandinavian women easily able to understand Native American horticulture? (A) They had prior knowledge of most Native American plants. (B) They had used similar cultivation practices in Scandinavia.

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(C) They were helped by Native American and colonial men, (D) hey were able to use Native American farming tools. 35. Why does the author contrast English and French settlers with Scandinavian settlers in lines 14-18 ? (A) To suggest that they learned at least some hunting skills from each other (B) To illustrate that it is hard to decide who established the earliest North American hunting techniques (C) To explain why the Scandinavians were able to adopt Native American hunting techniques more easily (D) To show how Native Americans might have acquired steel knives and firearms 36. What does the author imply about French and English settlers? (A) Most of them did not come from the nobility. (B) Most of them hunted with advanced firearms. (C) They taught hunting skills to Scandinavian settlers. (D) They provided Native Americans with linen hunting shirts. 37. In Line 18, the phrase "receptive to" is closest in meaning to (A) suspicious of (B) ready for (C) dependent on (D) new lo 38. The word ''emerged" in line 21 is closest in meaning to (A) enlarged (B) disappeared (C) remained (D) developed 39. Why does the author state in lines 21-22 that the log cabin ought to serve as a symbol? (A) It could be built by using the available resources of the Delaware Valley. (B) It was built across the frontiers of colonial North America. (C) It uses a construction technique brought to North America by Scandinavian settlers. (D) It is a good example of the cultural mixing of native and settler cultures.

Questions 40-50 At the turn of the twentieth century, Americans who wished to travel between cities either for work or for pleasure had limited options. The steam railroad offered the best, the most reliable and the fastest means of transport. Electric railways (trams and trolleys) Line provided reasonable intraurban and short-distance intercity travel They also offered some 5 longer routes, but only in certain parts of the country. Horse-drawn coaches were neither

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a competitive nor a comfortable alternative given the deplorable slate of the nation's highways; and though bicycles were popular in both town and country, they, too, were hampered by poor road surfaces. It took the mass production and ownership of cars, together with increased attention to road construction, to bring the major breakthrough in travel in the 192Q*s. And alongside the rapid spread of the popular and individualistic auto came the slower, but significant, growth of bus transport. Not only did buses largely replace trams and trolleys in urban mass transit, they also opened up new avenues of intercity travel both to those Americans who couH not afford cars and to those car owners who preferred to leave distance driving to others. No particular date marks the beginning of the American intercity bus industry because so many individuals were attracted to it at about the same time by the large profits available to those who could cany fare-paying passengers over public highways- These ubiquitous bus pioneers came from all walks of life. Few knew much about transport or about business, but they were willing to take a chance on a new venture that had low entry costs. Frequently driving used vehicles, these drivers concentrated on local services operated on a consumer-demand basis with the driver taking cash fares. There were no formal schedules or routes. People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements, but a regular commitment was not guaranteed. Bus drivers frequently did not start until they Had a full load; and those who traveled on the early buses were content with reaching iheir destination rather than enjoying a fast or comfortable journey. 40, What is the main topic of the passage? (A) The difficulties with various forms of public transportation in the 1920's (B) The effect of poor roads on the development of rail transportation (C) The differences between intraurban arid intercity transportation at the aim of the century (D) The early development of bud transportation 41 What does the author imply about horse-drawn coaches at the turn of the twentieth century? (A) They were not available within cities. (B) They did not provide as good service as the railroads. (C) They were more popular than bicycles. (D) They were strong competitors of trams and trolleys. 42. The word "deplorable" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) unusable (B) worn (C) awful (D) difficult 43. The word "hampered" in line 8 is closest in meaning to (A) restrained (B) supported (C) favored

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Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (D) damaged

Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (D) Published schedules

44. According to the passage, until the 1920's, the best way to travel between cities was by (A) steam powered trains (B) trams and trolleys (C) bicycles (D) cars 45. According to the passage, all of rhe following changed travel in America in the 1920's EXCEPT (A) widespread ownership of cars (B) improved roads (C) innovations in public transport (D) competition between trams and trolleys 46. The phrase "These ubiquitous bus pioneers" in lines 17-18 refers to (A) Americans who could not afford cars (B) car owners who preferred toleave distance driving to others (C) individuals attracted to the intercity bus industry (D) fare-paying passengers 47. Which of the following best describes early bus drivers? (A) They had previous work experience ia public transportation, (B) They were cautious in business matters* (C) They did not at first have high costs. (D) They did not have many competitors 48. According to the passage, people learned about new bus routes from (A) radio broadcasts (B) conversations with otherpeople (C} signs in the buses (D) notices posted in local stores 49. What can be inferred from the passage about the beginning of the bus industry in America'? (A) High profits do not explain why so many people started providing bus services. (B) The bus industry was started by the large corporations that constructed highways. (C) The founders of bus transportation had difficulty buying vehicles that could be used as buses. (D) Passengers used bus transportation even though it was neither regular nor fast. 50. According to the passage, which of the following characterized early bus travel? (A) Established routes (B) Comfortable seats (C) Fully occupied buses

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Đề thi TOEFL tháng 8 năm 2005 SECTION I PART A 1. (A) He is not sure where the student-service’ office is. (B) He recently got a new student ID card. (C) He is too busy to go to the student-services office now. (D) He plans to get his new student ID card on Monday. 2. (A) She lost the man's calculator. (B) She will lend the man her calculator. (C) The calculator may be under the man's book. (D) The man will not have time to find the calculator.

Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (D) The woman is already living in the best dorm. 8. (A) She will help me man look for the book:. (B) She knows where the man's book is. (C) She will return the book to the man later. (D) She saw someone walk away with the man's book. 9. (A) Lend the woman money (B) Get the woman's purse (C) Invite the woman to lunch next week (D) Pay for the woman's lunch 10. (A) Ask the man to help her figure out how to' use her new computer (B) Let the man use her computer (C) Take her computer to a repair shop (D) Help the man fix his Computer

3. (A) He wanted to be an artist. (B) He is not qualified to judge the painting. (C) The painting is not finished yet. (D) He will find a fine arts major for the woman. 4. (A) She does not know where the student center is. (B) She does not need a flu shot this year. (C) Flu shots will not be free this year. (D) She would like to get a free flu shot next week. 5. (A) He will be studying tomorrow. (B) He will see the game at night. (C) He does riot like baseball. (D) He has a ticket for the game.

11. (A) He always exercises on Wednesdays. (B) He would like to play tennis with the woman this week. (C) He thinks the woman plays tennis as well as he does. (D) He always plays tennis with the same person. 12. (A) Professor Miller is not teaching in this semester. (B) Professor Miller teaches anthropology. • ; (C) The man should take a different biology course, (D) The man is looking in the wrong part of the catalog. 13. (A) He will do it before he begins his other work. (B) He will submit it on Thursday. (C) He has already finished it.

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(D) He is allowed to complete it later.

(A) She is not sure if she can attend the meeting. (B) She will be out of town until Friday. (C) She has been planning to go to the meeting. (D) She cannot change her schedule for Friday. 7. (A) He will help the woman move. (B) The woman needs to accept her current situation. (C) The woman can move in the middle of the semester.

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14. (A) She forgot about the sale books. (B) She thinks the man should get a second job. (C) She wants the man to move the sale books. (D) She has changed her mind about the textbooks. 15.

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(A) She does not agree that it is a stressful time. (B) She does not feel as calm as she seems. (C) She admires the man's calmness. (D) She will help the man to deal with his stress.

(C) The professor requires that it be typed. (D) It was not completed on time.

16. (A) He would like to take a break. (B) He thinks the library will close soon. (C) He does not want to stop working. (D) He does not like coffee.

(B) Go out for coffee (C) Ask the man to bring her coffee (D) Prepare a pot of coffee for the

23. (A) Continue working on her paper

24. (A) Phone the company to ask about the job (B) Buy a new answering machine (C) Wait for the company to call him (D) Assume that he did not get the job

17. (A) When he is coming to visit (B) Why he was not as friendly as (C) Why he did not feel well (D) What he was trying to tell her on the phone 18. (A) Mary is not going to the (B) Mary does not know about the concert. (C) The man should call Mary. (D) The man should go to the concert without Mary. 19. (A) The woman was surprised by the topic of Professor Black's lecture. (B) The man was out able to attend Professor Black' s lecture. (C) Professor Black missed class today. (D) Professor Black gives challenging lectures. 20. (A) He does not have time to help the woman. (B) He is not sure whether he can help the woman. (C) He can help the woman after three o'clock. (D) He will help the woman. 21. (A) Become a photography instructor (B) Return to her old photography class (C) Try a class at the new studio (D) Look for a less expensive class

25. (A) Jim might not have been (B) Jim often changes his mind, (C) Jim was just joking about (D) Jim rarely tells jokes. 26. (A) It will take a few days for the fan to be repaired. (B) Air conditioners will be installed on Saturday. (C) Using the oven made the apartment hotter. (D) The weather will cool off soon. 27. (A) She is not sure how long it takes to knit a sweater. (B) She will make a sweater for the man, (C) The wool she uses for her sweaters has gotten very expensive. (D) Her academic schedule does not allow time for knitting. 28. (A) Tell the woman what time the bus will come (B) Change his class schedule (C) Go downtown with the (D) Give the woman his history book 29. (A) She plans to attend the meeting. (B) She thinks the meeting time will be fine for everyone. (C) She enjoys going to basketball games: (D) She set up the study group meeting time.

22. (A) It is hard to read. (B) Some of the answers are wrong.

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30. (A) He read an article about Professor Monroe's research. (B) He does not know Professor Monroe (C) Professor Monroe probably will talk to the woman.

37. (A) She spent many hours on a bus. (B) She was too busy to enjoy the beach. (C) She had plenty of time to study.

(D) Professor Monroe does not like giving interviews.

(D) She did not have time to watch the competition.

PART B 31. (A) Inorganic chemistry (B) Genetics (C) Mathematics (D) Anthropology

38. (A) Enter a singing competition (B) Add new members (C) Organize a graduation party (D) Take a trip to the beach

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PART C 39.

(A) He is waiting to hear about the woman's research. (B) He is more interested in DNA found in frogs. (C) He is just twinning 10 gather the data. (D) He avoids controversial research topics.

(A) Musicians of the early twentieth Century (B) Early vaudeville theaters in Europe (C) The development of American silent films (D) The history of vaudeville entertainment

33. (A) They attack and destroy other molecules. (B) They do not reproduce under ordinary conditions. (C) They do not contribute to the organism that supports them. (D) They carry the blueprints only for complex organisms.

40. (A) Their scripts were written by famous playwright*. (B) They featured a variety of (C) They did not include music. (D) They were usually performed outdoors.

34. (A) A swimming competition (B) A singing contest (C) The water temperature at the beach (D) The woman's schedule this semester

41. (A) To acquaint audiences with a European art form (B) To increase attendance at the vaudeville theaters (C) To introduce new actors to the audience (D) To enable vaudeville theaters to raise ticket prices

35. (A) They have won for the past three years. (B) They placed second last year.

42. (A) It was performed more frequently. (B) It featured actors from films.

(C) They practiced for three months prior to the competition. (D) She ihought they did not perform well.

(C) It became less popular, (D) It was first accepted as serious

36. (A) Studying in the library (B) Practicing his singing (C) Walking on the iieach (D)Swimming in the ocean

43. (A) One factor that affects the Earth's climate (B) The professor's experience analyzing types of dust (C) How to estimate temperature the ice ages (D) The use of technological advances in studying climate

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44. (A) To find ways of improving aircraft safety in storms (B) To discover new species of bacteria (C) To find out whether dust contains dangerous substances

SECTION II PART A

(D) To determine what types of dust are present under different conditions

stained or mottled effect. (A) containing (B) in which containing (C) contains (D) that is contained

45. (A) To explain why collecting dust is difficult (B) To illustrate the damage that dust can cause (C) To show how different types of dust affect the weather in different ways (D) To give an example of how dust in the atmosphere is reduced 46. (A) Whether dust caused the last ice age (B) Whether the overall effect of dust is heating or cooling (C) How high temperatures affect the amount of dust in the (D) How cold the planet was daring the lie ages 47. (A) Reasons the Mycenaeans never became successful sea traders (B) The development and decline of Minoan and Mycenaean sea trade (C) The influence of the Mycenaeans on the Minoans (D) Causes of conflict between the Minoans and Mycenaeans 48. (A)They existed long before the Minoans began to trade by sea. (B) They produced great wealth for the Minoans. (C) They were established by the Mycenaeans. (D) They were frequently attacked by the Mycenaeans. 49. (A) It ended the dominance of the Minoans. (B) It resulted in increased sales of farm goods by [he Minoans. (C) It was not serious enough to affect Sea trade. (D) It interrupted the Mycenaean production of bronze objects. 50. (A) The decline of their harbors (B) Natural disasters that destroyed their crops (C) An increase in trade by the Minoans (D) Politician unrest that interfered with trade.

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1. Drinking water-------excessive enamel of teeth to become brittle and to chip off, leaving a

2. Carbohydrates, -------of the three principal constituents of food, form the bulk of the average human diet (A) are one (B) one [hat (C) one (D) which one 3. -------the eye, a camera takes in rays of light thai are reflected from an object and focuses the rays into an image. (A) Alike (B) As like (C) Is like (D) Like 4. Great pain and swelling characterize both sprains and fractures, but------- he affected part and unnatural ting often indicate a bone break. inability lo move (A) inability to move (B) they were unable to move (C) unable to move (D) when inability to move 5. The human skin forms-------against the action of physical, chemical, and bacterial agents on the deeper tissues. (A) a protective barrier is (B) a protective barrier (C) a barrier and protective (D) when a protective barrier 6. The technique of frying food has prepare n^eats, fish, vegetables, and breads. (A) to have most cultures (B) that in most cultures (C) in cultures when (D) in most cultures

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7. Music has been called both the most mathematical-------the most abstract of the arts. (A) but (B) and (C) however (D) or 8. Roots of plants lend to grow downward into soil, unless —-— more readily available at the surface. (A) have water (B) water has (C) is water (D) water is 9. United States income taxes are paid to the Internal Revenue Service,-------funds for use by the government. (A) which distributes (B) and distributes (C) the distribution of (D) so that the distribution of

Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (B) they are visible (C) visibly (D) it visible 14. Nitroglycerin is an unstable chemical compound that is very sensitive sudden movement -------dangerous to transport (A) because (B) and therefore (C) why it is (D) making 15. A computer is a fast electronic machine ------- information according to a stored sequence of instructions called a program. (A) processes (B) that processes (C) that it processes (D) thai processes it PART B

10. Robert Penn Warren's first novel was published in 1939, and seven years later, his third novel, All the King's Men, made —-— famous. (A) he was (B) him (C) his (D) how he was

16. Lucy Motile Montgomery, a Canadian novelist, is best of known for Anne of Green Gables, the story of a spirited, unconventional orphan girl. 17. Every magnet has two ends, called north and south poles, where the forces it exert are strongest 18. Approximate 92 percent of the world's trading goods are transported by ships.

11. Although legend has it that the Pilgrims first set foot in America on Plymouth Rock in 1620, ------- documentary evidence confirming (A) no (B) still is no (C) there is no (D) but no 12. The gardenia, about 200 species --—to tropical and subtropical countries, was named in honor of eighteenth-century naturalist Alexander Garden. (A) native of which are (B) are nalive of which (C) which are native of (D) of which are native 13- High-speed photography has made -------certain aspects of motion never before seen. (A) visible

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19. Rapid eye movement sleep is sometimes called paradoxical sleep because it has characteristics of either the waking and sleeping states. 20. With the exception of gold, silver is most malleable and ductile of all metals. 21. The fact that mothers in some species of animals reaction immediately if they are missing one or more of their litter demonstrates a sense of number. 22. Approximately four percent of human body weigh is made up of fat in me organs, skeletal muscles, and central nervous system. 23. By about seven years of age, children begin to grasp that a given quantity remains the same not matter how its shape changes. 24. Sleek and powerful swimmers found to all seas, dolphins are distinguished from porpoises by well-defined, beaklike snouts and conical teeth.

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25. Stereo recording began with the introductory of two-track magnetic tape in the 1950s

borrow from foreign governments, international institutions, or its own population. SECTION III

26. The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain, is where most memory storage, cognitive skills, and creative think reside.

Questions 1-10 Unlike those available for painting, the opportunities to exhibit sculpture in the

27. The physical universe is governed by law that demand the continuous increase of entropy or disorder. 28. Metonymy is a literary device involving the substitution of the name of one thing with that of other thing with which it is closely associated. 29. The 1906 Hepburn Act gave the United Stales Interstate Commerce Commission power to investigated financial accounts of interstate utilities and to set rates, subject to judicial review.

United-States around the turn of the twentieth century were quite scarce. There was almost no room for sculpture at the influential Fine Arts Society's 57th Street Galleries Line in New York. As late as 1905, the Monumental News, a journal dedicated to the 5 promotion of sculpture, lamented, "Exhibitions of sculptors' works are so comparatively rare." In response to this dire predicament, (he sculptor Frederick W. Ruckstull and Charles de Kay, art editor of the newspaper The New York Times, founded the National Sculpture Society (NSS) in 1893, the first organization dedicated solely to the advancement of sculpture. 10 Incorporated in 1896 to promote sculptural production and encourage the exhibition and sale of the plastic arts, the National Sculpture Society (NSS) elected John Quincy

30. Although Republican Dwight Eisenhower won the United Slates presidency in 1952 and 1956, the Democrats ran Congress for six of his eight years into office. 31. Substance such common salt, when dissolved in water, lower the freezing point of water

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32. Some advantages of celluloid ate that it is inexpensive and durable, takes a highly polish, does not warp or discolor, and is not affected by moisture • 33. The pitch of a musical note—how much high or low the sound is depends on its wavelength.

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34. Two good ways to prevent attacks of hay fever are to effect a change of climate also to eliminate harmful substances from the environment. 35. In filmmaking a flashback is an interruption of the actual chronology of a story to relate a significant event of a earlier time. 36. The bottom end of a guitar string is attached to a hardwood bridge, which transmitting the vibration to the top plate. 37. Missouri is a heavily industrialized state whose leading products are transportation equipment, processed food, and chemical. 38. Seamounts are isolated submarine mountains believed to be the remnants of extinct volcanoes that either formed or sank far beneath of the ocean surface. 39. Transfusion of plasma or whole blood increases the volume of circulating blood, raising blood pressure and ensuring adequate distribution of oxygenated blood among the body. 40. The national debt is the sum total of financial obligations the national government incurs by

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Adams Ward (1830-1910), the prestigious sculptor of public monuments, to serve as its first president, an office he held from 1893 to 1905. During the last twenty years of his life, ward dedicated much time to public and private organizations that promoted public art. To the end, he headed the NSS committee that oversaw the sculptural decoration of the Library of Congress Reading Room in Washington D.C. as well as the building and decorating of the Dewey Arch—a monument in New York to honor Admiral George Dewey. He was a champion of the City Beautiful Movement— an effort to increase the presence of urban art—and defended the central role that sculpture played in its national program. The National Sculpture Society promoted the production of sculpture by standardizing procedures for competitions, enhancing the professional status of sculptors, and encouraging commissions for American sculpture in homes, public buildings, parks, and squares. Moreover, ii included members in its organization who were not sculptors, hoping to close the gap between artists and the great body of the people, not merely well-to-do patrons, bui the working public. The NSS encouraged the commission and purchase of sculptures for both private consumption—home and garden—and for public enjoyment—parks and squares. Through this campaign, small-scale sculptures—either reductions of monumental artworks or smaller-sized originals—were brought to the attention of an interested public. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss (A) The establishment and goals of the National Sculpture Society (B) Why artists of the twentieth century wanted to jojn the National Sculpture Society (C) The effects of the National Sculpture Society on twentieth-century art (D) The relationship between the National Sculpture Society and national arts groups 2. The word "scarce" in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) exciting (B) expensive

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(C) uncommon (D) popular

10. According to the passage, the National Sculpture Society promoted the production of sculpture by doing which of the following? (A) Carrying oui activities that increased the public's respect for sculptors (B) Replacing old sculptures in public places with new ones

3. The word "lamented" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) declared (B) complained (C) revealed (D) described

(C) Increasing the number of sculptural competitions (D) Encouraging private sculpture lessons in homes

4. What is (he "dire predicament" mentioned by the author in line 6 ? (A) The limited professional opportunities for sculptors (B) The failure of the Fine Arts Society to include paintings in its exhibitions (C) The founding of the National Sculpture Society (D) The production of the Monumental News 5. The passage suggests which of the following about early-twentielh-century art? (A) Many New Yorkers were not interested in painting. (B) Newspapers and journals rarely discussed painting. (C) People saw more public displays of painting than of sculpture. (D) An appearance in galleries of the Fine Arts Society guaranteed financial success. 6. According to the passage, who was the first president of the National Sculpture Society? (A) Frederick W. Rucksmll (B) John Quincy Adams Ward (C) Charles de Kay

Questions 11-20 In the United States, many social reformers in the late nineteenth century demonstrated a concern for improved housing conditions for workers, George Pullman (1831-1897), the wealthy industrialist who introduced luxury railway cars with beds, built his model tine city called Pullman in 1880 to address housing problems caused by Chicago's 5 industrialization. Constructing the town, Pullman hoped to produce an ideal environment that would help attract workers of a superior type to [he railway car industry and retain

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(D) Admire! George Dewey 7. The phrase "that end" in line 15 refers to (A) the last twenty years of his life. (B) much time (C) promoting public art (D) the NSS committee 8. The word "champion" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) critic (B) founder (C) creator (D) supporter

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them. Pullman inhabitants were expected to embody values of thrift, industry, and morality. They were taught to develop propriety and good manners, cleanliness and neatness of appearance, diligence, and self-improvement through education and savings. Like the brick clock tower that dominated [he town center, Pullman kept a regulatory eye on his workers. In its first five yean, this new experiment in industrial life received little criticism, except from radical political groups. Crediting the town of Pullman with producing a new type of dependable and ambitious worker in a rationally ordered environment, reformers, at first, praised it as a successful model for modern industrial life. However, after 1885, with the high gloss of the experiment dulled, it became clear that the residents of Pullman had honest grievances about the overcharging of rent and other services. In 1893, The World's Columbian Exposition, an exhibition that aimed to promote American cultural, economical, and technological development, and in which George Pullman was a major investor, was held in Chicago. The town of Pullman became a popular tourist stop, attracting more than its share of curious travelers. There were 10,000 foreign viators-alone during the exposition year. In fact, the first Baedeker Travel Guide to the United States advised visitors to tour Pullman. Frequent trains and trolley cars connected the fairgrounds of the exposition with the town, and on several occasions, George Pullman himself guided the tours. Constructing a fantastic environment for the benefit of tourists, he made sure that any real tensions between bis office and the working inhabitants of the town were rendered invisible to the tourist gaze.

9. According to the passage, what was a goal of the City Beautiful Movement? (A) To increase national sales of Sculpture (B) To encourage sculptors to create more monuments (C) To improve to appearance of the city with art (D) To convince more sculptors to work in New York

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11. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The effect of industrialization on Ihe city of Pullman (B) The model city built by George Pullman (C) The career of George Pullman (D) Housing problems in the nineteenth century ' 12. According to the passage, which L the following led to the creation of the town of

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Pullman? (A) A surplus of railway workers in Chicago (B) Housing problems caused by industrialization (C) George Pullman's decision to slop producing railway cars (D) The opening of the World's Columbian Exposition

(D) His lack Of knowledge about how the Inhabitants of Pullman really lived 19. According to the passage, what did George Pullman do to promote tourism in the town of Pullman? (A) He personally showed tourists around the town. (B) He published a travel guide to the town. (C) He started to invest in the town's cultural development. (D) He built a new road connecting it to the World's Columbian Exposition.

14. According to the passage, George Pullman expected that the city of Pullman would (A) impress social reformers (B) satisfy radical political groups (C) soon develop housing problems (D) draw workers Co the railway car industry

20. Why does the author mention the first Baedeker Travel Guide to the United States? (A) To explain where tourists could find train and trolley schedules (B) To identify a way used by George Pullman to attract tourists to Pullman (C) To indicate how a large number of foreign tourists became interested in visiting the town of Pullman (D) To provide evidence that tourists were often more interested in visiting Pullman than in seeing the World's Columbian Exposition

15. According to the passage. Pullman inhabitants were taught to do all of Ihe following EXCEPT (A) have good manners (E) become active in town politics (C) value education (D) save money 13. The word "retain" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) house (B) train (C) keep (D)reward 16. What does the author imply about George Pullman's attitude toward his workers in lines 10-11 ? (A) Pullman believed that his workers should follow a strict daily schedule. (B) Pullman felt that his workers required careful monitoring and supervision. (C) Pullman thought that individual workers could be taught to work together as a team. (D) Pullman believed that his workers had trouble keeping track of the time they spent on a task.

Questions 21-29 Face masks are commonly used in rituals and performances. They not only hide the real face of the mask wearer but they often evoke powerful emotions in the audience-danger, fear, sadness, joy. You might think, because so many things vary Line cross-culturally, that the ways in which emotions are displayed and recognized in the 5 face vary too. Apparently they do not. Recent research on masks from different cultures supports the conclusion that masks, like faces, tend to represent certain emotions in the some ways. We now have some evidence that the symbolism used in masks is often universal 10

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17. The word "grievances" in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) stories (B) opinions (C) findings (D) complaints

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18. The passage suggests that George Pullman worked to hide which of the following from tourists? (A) His role as an investor in the World's Columbian Exposition (B) His conflicts with the inhabitants of the town of Pullman (C) His efforts to promote the town of Pullman

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The research on masks builds on work done by anthropologists, who used photographs of individuals experiencing various emotions. These photographs were shown to members of different cultural groups who were asked to identify the emotions displayed in the photographs. Emotions were identified correctly by most viewers, whatever the viewer's native culture. Coding schemes were developed to enable researchers to compare the detailed facial positions of individual portions of die face (eyebrows, mouth, etc.) for different emotions, What exactly do we do when we scowl? We contract the eyebrows and lower the comers of the mouth; in geometric terms, we make angles and diagonals on our faces. When we smile, we raise the corners of the mouth; we make it curved. Psychologist Joel Arnoff and his colleagues compared two types of wooden face masks from many different societies—masks described as threatening versus masks associated with nonthreatening functions. As suspected, the two sets of masks had significant differences in certain facial elements. The threatening masks had eyebrows and eyes facing inward and downward and a downward-facing mouth. In more abstract or geometrical terms, threatening features generally tend to be angular or diagonal and nonthrcatening features tend to be curved or rounded, A face with a pointed beard is threatening; a baby's face is not. The theory is that humans express and recognize basic emotions in uniform ways because all human faces are quite similar, skeletally and

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muscularly. 21. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The techniques for comparing facial expressions across cultures (B) The photography of faces (C) Cultural variations in mask

28. The wood "significant" in line 21 is closest in meaning to (A) excellent (B) important (C) continuous

(D) The uniformity of facial expressions in revealing emotions

(D) genuine

22. According to the passage, masks are used in performances to (A) disguise the real emotions of the performers (B) cause members of the audience to have strong emotional (C) remind the audience that an illusion is being created (D) identify the cultural background of the performers

29. The passage mentions-"* baby's face" in line 26 as an example ofa (A) typical human face (B) source of inspiration in the creation of masks (C) nonthreatening face (D) face that expresses few emotions

23. The word "they" in line 2 refers to (A) masks

Questions 30-39

(B) rituals (C) performances (D) emotions 24. The word "evidence" in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) concern (B) interest (C) roof (D) reference

Line 5

10 25. What does the author mean by stating, "the symbolism used in masks is often universal" (lines 7-8)? (A) Masks are sometimes used to hide emotions. (B) Performers often need help conveying emotions to an audience. (C) Not all societies use masks in their rituals and (D) People from different cultures generally express certain emotions in similar ways. 26. The word "schemes" in line 14 is closest in meaning to (A) systems (B) presentations

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(C) proposals (D) investigations 27. What does the author suggest by Stating, "in geometric terms, we make angles and diagonals on our faces" (line 17)? (A) Different portions of the face are used to show specific emotions. (B) It is difficult to use objective terminology to describe facial expressions. (C) Facial expressions can be described in terms of shapes. (D) Precise methods of classifying emotions have not been developed.

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The response of most animals when suddenly faced with a predator is to flee. Natural selection has acted in a variety of ways in different species to enhance the efficacy of the behaviors, known as "flight behaviors" or escape behaviors that are used by prey in fleeing predators: Perhaps the most direct adaptation is enhanced flight speed and agility. Adaptations for speed. However, are likely to require sacrifices biter attributes, so we might expect only some species to adopt a simple fast flight strategy. Another way of enhancing the effectiveness of flight is to move in an erratic and unpredictable way. Many species, like ptarmigans, snipes, and various antelopes and gazelles, flee from predators in a characteristic zigzag fashion. Rapid unexpected changes in flight direction make it difficult for a predator to track prey. In some species, like the European hare, erratic zigzag flight might be more effective in the presence of predators that aie faster than they are and straight flight more effective against predators that are slower. One observation lhat supports this suggestion is the recorded tendency for slow-flying black-headed gulls, which are normally able to escape predators by means of direct flight, to show frequent changes in flight direction when they spot a peregrine falcon (peregrines are adept at capturing flying birds). A quite different way of enhancing escape by flight is to USB so-called "flash" behavior. Here, the alarmed prey flees for a short distance and then "freezes." Some predators are unexcited by immobile prey, and a startling flash of activity followed by immobility may confuse them. "Flash" behavior is used in particular by frogs and orthopteran insects, which make conspicuous jumps and then sit immobile. In some species, "flash" behavior is enhanced by the display of bright body markings. Good examples of insects with colorful markings are the red and yellow underwing moths. At rest, both species are a cryptic brown color. When they fly, however, brightly colored hind wings are exposed, which render the moths highly conspicuous. Similarly, some frogs and lizards have brightly colored patches or frills that may serve a 'flash" function when they move quickly, Some species even appear to possess "flash" sounds. The loud buzzing and clicking noises made by some grasshoppers when they jump may serve to emphasize the movement.

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30. The word "enhance" in line2 is closest in meaning to (A) encourage (B) resist (C) increase

37. The phrase "in particular" in line 20 is closest in meaning to (A) especially (B) with difficulty (C) expertly

(D) reveal

(D) frequently

31. The description of the prey's movement as "zigzag" in line 9 suggests that the movement is (A) reliable (B) fast (C) constant (D) unpredictable

38. The hind wings of red and yellow underwing moths function in a way that is most similar to (A) the hind wings of peregrine falcons (B) the zigzag flight of European hares (C) the colored patches on frogs (D) the clicking of grasshoppers

32. It can be inferred from the passage that the European hare

39. Why does the author mention grasshopper* in line 28?

(A) is faster than most of its predators (B) is capable of two kinds of flight (C) is more likely to escape using straight flight (D) is preyed upon by gulls and falcons

(A) To contrast animals that "flash" with animals that “freeze” (B) As an example of an animal whose "flash" behavior is a sound? (C) To compare the jumping behavior of insects and reptiles (D) As an example of a predator that moths escape by using "flash" behavior

33. The behavior of black-beaded gulls is most comparable to that of (A) gazelles (B) European hares (C) peregrine falcons (D) frogs

Questions 40-50 In the nineteenth century, oceanography benefited from the new desire to study phenomena on a global scale. Many scientists collected information on the chemical composition, temperature, and pressure of the ocean at various depths and in different regions. The difficulty of gathering information about the ocean depths was immense.

Line 5

34. It can be inferred that black-headed gulls change direction when they spot a peregrine falcon for which of the following reasons? (A) The falcons are faster than the gulls. (B) The gulls want to capture the falcons. (C) The falcons are unpredictable. (D) The gulls depend on the falcons for protection.

10

35. The word "alarmed" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) moving (B) selected (C) frightened (D) exhausted

IS

36. All of the following are mentioned as characteristics of "flash" behavior EXCEPT (A) brief conspicuous activity (B) Immobility (C) bright body markings (D) aggressive fighting

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At first ii was believed that the temperatures in the depths never fell below 4 degrees Celsius, until it was shown that the figures were distorted by the effect of pressures on the thermometers. There was intensive study of tides and ocean currents; and a number of physicists examined the forces responsible for the movements of the water. For example, James Reonell provided the first accurate map of the currents in the Atlantic. Ocean, and the United Slates Coast Survey made extensive studies of the Gulf Stream. The zoologist Edward Forbes argued that no lire existed below a depth of 300 fathoms (about 600 meters) a view widely accepted until disproved by the voyage of the British research vessel HMS Challenger(1872-1876)The HMS Challenger expedition provided valuable information about the seabed, including the discovery of manganese nodules that are now being seen as a potentially valuable source of minerals. The first detailed map of the seabed was provided for the Atlantic by the American geographer Matthew F. Maury- He devised new techniques for measuring ocean depths, and his work proved of great value in laying the first transatlantic telegraph cables. He also studied global wind patterns and was able to provide sailors with guides that significantly reduced die time taken on many routes. Some oceanographers believed that the winds were responsible for producing ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream, but Maury disagreed. He argued that they were produced by changes in the density of seawater due to temperature, which Bet up systems of movement between warm and

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cool regions of the world. Maury believed that the circulation of a warm current would produce ice-free sea around the North Pole, a claim not disproved until Fridtjof Nansen allowed his vessel The Pram to be carded to within a few degrees of the pole in the years 1893-1896.

Hp Group (www.hp-vietnam.com) (B) They confirmed theories about (C) They provided no new information about the seabed (D) They revealed an important new mineral source. 47. The word "they" in line 22 refers to

40. What does this passage mainly discuss? (A) Exploration of the Atlantic Ocean seabed (B) Differences between the Gulf Stream and other ocean currents (C) Oceanography in the nineteenth century (D) The reaction of water to temperature changes 41. According to the passage, what led to advances in the study of oceans? (A) An interest in conducting ocean research on a worldwide level (B) A disagreement between American and British (C) The development of new global weather patterns

(A) routes (B) oceanographere (C) winds (D) currents 48. According to the passage, which of the following is true about Matthew F. Maury? (A) His ship traveled to the North Pole in 1893. (B) He believed winds to be the source of currents. (C) His studies or wind patterns enabled sailors to shorten their travel times. (D) He believed that currents flowed only from warmer regions to cooler ones.

(D) The use of thermometers that could withstand deep ocean pressures 42. The word "accurate" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) correct (B) published (C) detailed (D) accepted 43. According to the passage, Edward Forbes held which of the following opinions? (A) The Golf Stream did not extend below 300 fathoms. (B) Nothing lived in the ocean below 300 fathoms. (C) The discoveries of the HMS Challenger were false. (D) Manganese nodules were a potentially valuable source of minerals.

49. The passage suggests which of the following about the visit of The Fram to the North Pole? (A) Matthew F. Maury was aboard The Fram when it traveled to the North Pole. (B) During The Pram's visit to the North Pole. Matthew F. Maury's belief about the North Pole's sea was tested. (C) The discoveries of The Pram were later refuted by Matthew F. Maury's discoveries. (D) The Pram found that the water surrounding the North Pole was ice free. 50. What did the voyages of HMS Challenger (line 13) and The Pram (line 26) have (A) Both provided new scientific data about the Gulf Stream. (B) Both disproved previously accepted scientific beliefs. (C) Both voyages took place at the same time. (D) Both voyages produced maps of the seabed.

44. The word "expedition" in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) boat (B) evidence (C) voyage (D) route 45. The word "devised" in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) tested (B) understood (C) popularized (D) developed 46. According to the passage, which of the following is ture of the discoveries of the HMS Challenger? (A) They Jed zoologists to argue that there were no 300 fathoms,

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