4th Amendment Flow Chart

Government Action

S or S

Consent

PC

Warrant (Gates)

R  E A S O  N A B L E

Requirements: (1) Particularity (Andreson) degree of   particularity is determined on a case-by-case  basis (2) (2) Affi Affida davi vitt under  under  oath (3) (3) Neutr eutral al magistrate (4) (4) Scop Scopee of of the the execution of the

RAS

 No Warrant

Felony Arr  est

Stop & Frisk 

Misdemeanor  Arrest (Atwater)

Protective Sweep2 (areas beyond  immediately adjoining area Students (TLO)

Has to be in public

Has to be in  public and in  presence of  the officer 

No individualized suspicion

Protective Sweep1 (immediately adjoining area) Fixed Border  Checkpoint

Sobriety Checkpoint

Administrative Inspections

Search Incident to Arrest Exceptions (Warrantless searches & seizures)

(1) Search Search incid incident ent to to arrest arrest (2) (2) Exig Exigen enci cies es a. Hot pursuit  b.  b. Dest estruct uction ion of  of  evidence c. Emergencies (3) (3) Auto Automo mobi bile le (4) Invent Inventory ory searc searches hes (5) Consen Consentt searc searches hes (6) Plain Plain view view seizur seizures es

Drug Testing

Inventory Search

4th Amendment Analysis