5G RAN

5g nr

RAN Michaell Kalani Michae

Senior Advisor RAN Solutions Busin ess Ar ea Ne Netwo rks Ericsson Swe Sweden den

5G global plan Industrial Use Case Studies & Pilots 5G Radio Testbed

E2E Network & Precommercial Trials

FT’s & Radio

Prototypes

5G Commercial Launches

IMT-2020 ITU

Requirements

3GPP

R14 5G 5G Study Item

Specifications

Proposals R15 NR NR Ph.1

R16 NR NR Ph.2 Early Ph.2 Deployments

Early Drop Early Ph.1 Deployments Early Drop Deployments 5G NR NSA Completion

5G NR SA Completion

NSA Op.3 ASN.1

2015

2016

2017

SA & NSA ASN.1

2018

2019

Full IMT-2020

2020

2021

2022

5G global plan Industrial Use Case Studies & Pilots 5G Radio Testbed

E2E Network & Precommercial Trials

FT’s & Radio

Prototypes

5G Commercial Launches

IMT-2020 ITU

Requirements

3GPP

R14 5G 5G Study Item

Specifications

Proposals R15 NR NR Ph.1

R16 NR NR Ph.2 Early Ph.2 Deployments

Early Drop Early Ph.1 Deployments Early Drop Deployments 5G NR NSA Completion

5G NR SA Completion

NSA Op.3 ASN.1

2015

2016

2017

SA & NSA ASN.1

2018

2019

Full IMT-2020

2020

2021

2022

5G Radio Access Overall 5G solution LTE evolution

Interworking

New Technology “NX or NR”

Backwards compatible

Existing spectrum

Below 6 GHz GHz

Gradual migration into existing spectrum

New Ne w s pectrum

Abo ve 6 GHz Potentiall n ew spectrum below 6 GHz Potentia

A combination of evolved and new access technologies

NR numerology options Flexible Numerology to Support Varying Frequency Bands & Carrier Bandwidth Lower-frequency/wide-area deployments

Higher-frequency deployments with less time dispersion

Millimeter wave

Frequency domain Time domain

Shorter symbol time & CP – Potential for even lower latency

Larger CP – larger time dispersions in wide areas

Current LTE Sub-carrier spacing Cyclic prefix ( s) Slot duration Symbols per slot

15 kHz

30 kHz

60 kHz

4.7 s (6.6%)

2.4 s (6.6%)

1.2 s (6.6%)

500 s

250 s

125 s

7

7

7

on the road to 5G 2016

2017 3GPP Rel-14

2018

2019

Rel-15

Rel-16

Early deployments

Rel-17

5G new Carrier Type, NR

Intelligent Connectivity Low latency RAN Virtualization Massive MIMO Massive IoT LTE Advanced

2020

LTE/NR co-existence Migration LTE band to NR

› In order to continue to support legacy LTE users, and at the same time enable NR coverage in the same

band, LTE/NR co-existence is needed. – –

Both DL and UL sharing are needed 3GPP impact only when UE support is needed and/or enable multi-vendorness If not the solutions are completely vendor specific ›

Static sharing- Frequency multiplexing • + No UE support needed • + Easy migration option • - Impact LTE and NR peak rate

Semi-dynamic or dynamic sharing • + More efficient use of spectrum • + No Impact LTE and NR peak rate • - UE support might be needed • - More complex migration option

5G architectures NextGen Core

5G Enabled Core 3GPP target Q4 17

3GPP target Q2 18 NG-S1 like based

S1’-based

Op.2* Op.3*

Op.1

LTE

LTE • • •

Current archtiecture Supported in 3GPP * Most likely 1st architectures supported commercially

Op.5 Op.7

• • • •

NR

LTE NR/EPC

Q4’18: Option 3 (NSA) Q2’19: Option 2 (SA) From Q2’19: Option 7(NSA)* From Q2’19: Option 5 *

NR

* Timing depends on the complexity of the new NextGen Core interface to LTE – currently being defined in 3GPP

NR & LTE Al l depl oymen ts

With m assive MIMO

In mmW bands

› 10-30% higher peak

› Improved MU-MIMO

› Optimized numerology

spectral efficiency › Up to 2x cell-edge rates at low load › Faster response times › Increased energy efficiency

performance › Beamformed control channels for coverage › Better TDD feedback

› Support for analogue BF

e c n a m r o f r e P

NR

NR

LTE LTE

NR No LTE

FDD Peak Rates (DL) › NR has 12-20% higher peak spectral efficiency due to – –

Higher spectrum utilization More flexible overhead (control channels, reference symbols) Peak Data Rate (2x2)

400

312

] 350 s p b300 M [ e250 t a r

NR spectral efficiency gain over LTE 25.00% 20.00%

200

a t a d150 k a100 e P

374

156

E S d15.00% e z i l a 10.00% m r o N

182

78 88

5.00%

50

0 10 MHz

20 MHz

LTE

NR

40 MHz

0.00% 10 MHz

20 MHz

40 MHz

2x2 antenna configuration for all systems

TDD Peak Rates (DL) › 100 MHz, 77% DL (LTE TDD Conf 2) › NR has 10-35% higher peak spectral efficiency Peak Data Rate TDD 4.0 ] 3.5 s p b3.0 G [ e2.5 t a r 2.0 a t a d1.5 k a1.0 e P

LTE

NR spectral efficiency gain over LTE

3.6

NR

40.00% 35.00%

2.7 1.6 1.8 0.8 0.9

E30.00% S d25.00% e z i l 20.00% a m r 15.00% o N10.00%

0.5

5.00%

0.0

0.00%

2x2

4x4

8x8

2x2

4x4

8x8

Low band FDD Latency › Significant reductions in RAN latency for both NR and LTE Rel-15 0.79 0.79

NR IUA + mini-slot

UL

NR IUA

3.2 3.2

NR

3.2

DL

6.2

0.86 1

LTE Rel-15 sTTI LTE Rel-14 IUA

4 4

LTE Baseline

4 0

1

2

3

4

8 5

6

7

8

9

Mid band TDD Latency › Significant reductions in RAN latency for both NR and LTE Rel-15 1.1 1.1

NR IUA + mini-slot

UL

NR IUA

2.1 2.1

NR

2.1

LTE Rel-15 sTTI

4.6

5

4

LTE Rel-14 IUA

6

LTE Baseline

6 0

DL

5

7 18 10

15

20

Empty CELL - LTE vs NR 0.25

Sync Signal

System Information (SIB): 0.2

NR:

] 0.15 % [ d a o l A P 0.1

NR: PA on time ratio  5%

0.05

0

0

50

100 Time [ms]

150

200 0.25

0.2

]0.15 [ % d a o l A P0.1

0.05

0.25 0

0.2

LTE:

] 0.15 % [ d a o l A P 0.1

0.05

LTE: PA on time ratio  50%

0

1

2

3

4

5 6 Time[ms]

7

8

9

1 0

Higher frequencies › Quite crowded at 1-3 GHz › Solution: Use higher frequency bands –

300 MHz

3 GHz

30 GHz

300 GHz

Beyond 6 GHz and up to mmW

› New problem: Higher path loss? › Solution: Use beamforming 2.1GHz

6,5GHz

RBS

C e l l e d g e 2 --

UE2

-

2.1GHz C e l l e d g e 1 --

UE1

RBS

6,5GHz

UE2 C e l l e d g e 1 & 2 --

UE1&2

< 20% of area

100% of area

Same bit-rate

Same bit-rate

RBS

UE1

london Macro 3.5GHz › Macro network in London – – –

Macro network, ~400m ISD Digital 3D map Raytracing propagation model

› NR 40MHz TDD at 3.5GHz – – –

64T/64R base station antenna array TDD, DL:UL 3:1 80W output power › High resolution 3D geo data including terrain, clutter and building info › Ray-tracing propagation model Site-specific and fully frequency dependent –

london Macro 3.5GHz › NR DL throughput unloaded › Very good coverage – –

Peak rate achievable outdoors > 30Mbps in 95% of indoor area

london Macro 3.5GHz

NR 3.5GHz

› UL throughput unloaded › Decent NR 3.5GHz coverage stand

alone but superior when combined with LTE 800MHz NR 3.5GHz+LTE 800MHz

NR@mmwave for offload and peak rate [Gbps]

› To show real NR performance in dense urban

areas › Feasibility –

–

Great outdoor coverage with NR mmwave, despite reflections, diffractions, etc. Indoor coverage highly depends on building material

› Benefits –

Peak rate, low band offload

› Three key scenarios where 28GHz is very useful: – – –

Macro deployment with low band support Fixed wireless use case with advanced CPE Street level small cell deployment

Highloss building

Low-loss building

Mbb-maCRO

scenario: gangnam › Gangnam - dense urban hotspot – – –

ISD ~ 200m Digital 3D map Raytracing propagation model

› LTE 60MHz FDD at 2.6GHz 4x4 SU-MIMO –

› NR 800MHz TDD at 28GHz 2x4 SU-MIMO –

› High resolution 3D geo data including terrain, and building info › Ray-tracing propagation model –

Site-specific and fully frequency dependent

NR 28GHZ, LTE 2600MHz, isd 200m data usage: 5GB/month

25000 users/sq.mil e 40% market share

LTE only

LTE + NR Peak is 6Gpbs

No user gets 1Gbps

40% of t he users g et >1Gbps

59% of the DL traffic is carr ied by NR@28GHz

NR 28GHZ, LTE 2600MHz, isd 200m data usage: 100GB/month LTE only

LTE + NR Peak is 6Gpbs

5% of the u sers g et >100Mbps cell edg e=0Mbps

95% of t he users get >100Mbps

Ericsson radio system baseband Industry's first full Mixed Mode Baseband

LTE FDD LTE TDD

5G Plug-ins: Shorter TTI Latency reduction

Massive IOT NB / M1 / EC-GSM

+E-Cpri +Router

WCDMA

+SYNC GSM +5G Ready

All simultaneously supported on one Baseband board

5G RAN commercial product plan high level

2018 NR Radio @39GHz

NR Radio @28GHz

Additional frequency bands

NR Radio @4.5GHz

NR Radio @3.4..3.8GHz

5G NR

2020

2019

First 3GPP R15 NR SW

NSA Option 3x

NR Radios, 600, 700, 900 MHz 3GPP NR NG HW

Full 3GPP R15 NR SW

Selfbackhauling

SA Op. 2 w/wo vPP

SA Op. 2 w/wo vRAN

NSA Op. 3x w/wo vPP

NSA Op. 3x w/wo vRAN Indoor: 5G DOT @ 3.5GHz

Start 3GPP R16 NR SW

NSA Op. 7 and/or Op. 4

5G RAN product plan beyond 2019

2020

2021

Massive MIMO NR@24-27GHz

Massive MIMO NR@60+GHz Optimized Indoor solutions

Indoor solutions for mmWave

Massive IoT

2022+

Critical IoT NR Optimized HW (Gen4>?)

5G NR First 3GPP NR SW rel16 NSA Option 7 and/or Option 4

Full 3GPP NR SW rel16

5G DEVICE Roadmap 1H

2H

2016

1H

2H

2017

1H

2H

1H

2H

1H

2019

2018

2H

2020

39GHz 28GHz 4.5GHz 3.5GHz

ASIC TRIAL DEVICE

600MHz 700MHz 900MHz FPGA Pre 3GPP spec test start FPGA 3GPP tracking test start ASIC 3GPP spec test start

Single Band Device

Multiband Devices

Non Optimized solutions

Optimized Multimode Solutions

Non Stand Alone 3X

NR Physical Layer User #2 scheduled Δf=15, 30, 60 kHz

User #1 scheduled

› Adaptive OFDM and OFDMA Channel-dependent scheduling and link adaptation in time and frequency Flexible numerology (15, 30, 60… kHz) 7 or 14 OFDM symbols per slot

User #3 scheduled

–

–

frequency

› Multi-Antennas, both RBS and terminal Massive MIMO, antenna beams, TX- and RX diversity, interference rejection High bit rates and high capacity Increased coverage Energy efficiency

y kHz

– – –

TX

RX

–

› Flexible bandwidth Possible to deploy different bandwidths up to hundreds of MHz –

… 5

› Harmonized FDD and TDD concept Maximum commonality between FDD and TDD Dynamic TDD

10

– –

FDD-only f DL

15

20 MHz

~100 MHz

Half -duplex FDD f DL

TDD-only f DL/UL

DynamicTDD

5G RAN Requirements (38.913) Performance Measure Peak data rate Peak spectral efficiency Spectrum Scalability Bandwidth Bandwidth Scalability Control plane latency UP latency URLLC, one-way UP latency eMBB, one way Latency for infrequent small packets Mobility interruption time (intra-syst.) Mobility Inter-system mobility

Reliability

Requirement DL: [20 Gbps] UL: [10 Gbps] DL: [30 bps/Hz] UL: [15 bps/Hz] Yes Reference to IMT-2020 Yes [10 ms] [0,5 ms] [4ms] 10s / 20byte packet [0 ms] Up to 500 km/h Yes

[1-10-5] in [1ms]

Performance Measure Ue Battery life UE energy efficiency Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. Area traffic capacity TRP spectral efficiency User experienced data rate

Requirement 10-15 years Inspection (Qualitative) 3xIMT-A requirement 10Mbps/m2 [ITU] [3x IMT-A requirement] 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU]

User sp. eff. at 5% percentile Connection density

[3x cell edge IMT-A requirement] [1,000,000 devices/Km2]

NW energy efficiency eMBB Extreme coverage IoT Coverage Support of wide range of services

Qualitative & Quantitative KPI 140/143 dB loss MaxCL (2/1(DL)) MCL [164dB] for [160bps] Yes


Reliability


[1-10-5] in [1ms]

Important for FWA & eMBB •

DL Peak data rate, CP/UP eMBB latency, etc

Performance Measure Ue Battery life UE energy efficiency Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. Area traffic capacity TRP spectral efficiency User experienced data rate User sp. eff. at 5% percentile Connection density


Requirement 10-15 years Inspection (Qualitative) 3xIMT-A requirement 10Mbps/m2 [ITU] [3x IMT-A requirement] 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU] [3x cell edge IMT-A requirement] [1,000,000 devices/Km2]

Qualitative & Quantitative KPI 140/143 dB loss MaxCL MCL [164dB] Yes



Performance Measure Ue Battery life UE energy efficiency Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. Area traffic capacity TRP spectral efficiency User experienced data rate User sp. eff. at 5% percentile Connection density


Requirement 10-15 years Inspection (Qualitative) 3xIMT-A requirement 10Mbps/m2 [ITU] [3x IMT-A requirement] 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU] [3x cell edge IMT-A requirement] [1,000,000 devices/Km2]

Qualitative & Quantitative KPI 140/143 dB loss MaxCL MCL [164dB] Yes

[1-10-5] in [1ms]

Reliability

Important for future IOT •

NGMN requirements type (like combinations of the above for possible future services) are pending durring the 3GPP R15/16 WI‘s

Classical Antennas › A classical antenna consists of

subelements one column

› Weighting of subelements shapes a beam › Two TXRUs (antenna ports) per column Beam shape fixed vertically – –

Beam shape adaptable horizontally subelement weights w1

antenna ports

PA

w4

PA

w5

w8

Note: Special case of only one column shown

Active antenna system Maximum flexibility case

Note: Special case of only one column shown

› One TXRUs (small PA / receiver) per element

(or per sub-array) w1

PA PA

› Baseband has access to each element/sub-array

› Adaptable & flexible weighting Horizontal and vertical

s t r o p a n n e t n a

PA

w4

PA

w5

PA PA

–

PA

w8

PA

What is new?

Increased opportunities to adapt the weights! Beamforming as such is not a distinguishing factor for active antennas

Functional Split For LTE/NX With NX on different grid De-centralized PDCP

RRC PDCP RLC MAC

RLC

PHY

MAC PHY

LTE-E

NX (separate)

Functional split For LTE/NX With NX on different grid De-centralized PDCP

C-RAN Centralized or D-RAN PDCP RRC PDCP

RRC PDCP RLC

RLC

MAC

MAC

RLC

PHY

MAC

RLC

PHY

MAC

PHY

LTE-E

NX (separate)

PHY

LTE-E

NX (separate)

4G-5G Interworking Core network

S1/X2 PDCP

S1/X2 PDCP RLC MAC PHY

L3-C UPC

RLC MAC PHY

S1/X2

L3-C

PDCP

RLC

UPC

MAC

PHY-C

PHY

RLC

UPC

MAC

PHY-C

PHY-C BF

Current

BF

BF and PDCP split

BF

L3-C

BF

PHY

Interworking BF

UPC PHY-C

BF

4G-5G Interworking with Common PDCP

PPF and RCF ON COTS › RCF will run as a VNF › PPF will run as a VNF – –

VNF (server look-aside ciphering HW) VNF with more of the packet processing accelerated In a smart NIC

› Smart Network Interface Card (NIC)

with PPF acceleration

VRAN is compatible with DRAN/CRAN/ERAN VRAN deployment on controller site or EPC site

5G technology brings the capability to efficiently address multiple industries simultaneously

5G RAN

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