PEOPLE V LACSON (2003) TOPIC: DOCTRINE: If a criminal case is pr!isinall" #ismisse# $i%& %&e e'press cnsen% f %&e accse# %&e case ma" *e re!i!e# nl" $i%&in %&e peri#s pr!i#e# in %&e ne$ rle+ On %&e %&er %&er &an# &an# if a crimin criminal al case case is pr!i pr!isi sinal nall" l" #ismisse# $i%&% %&e e'press cnsen% f %&e accse# r !er &is *,ec%in %&e ne$ rle $l# n% appl"+ appl"+ T&e case ma" *e re!i!e# re!i!e# r re-le# re-le# e!en *e"n# *e"n# %&e prescri*e# prescri*e# peri#s s*,ec% % %&e ri.&% f %&e accse# % ppse %&e same same n %&e .rn# .rn# f #*le #*le ,epar# ,epar#" " r %&a% %&a% sc& sc& re!i!al r re-lin. is *arre# *" %&e s%a%%e f limi%a%ins+ E'press cnsen% % a pr!isinal #ismissal is .i!en ei%&er !i!a !ce r in $ri%in.+ I% is a psi%i!e #irec% ne/i!cal cnsen% re/irin. n inference r implica%in % sppl" i%s meanin.+ Please *ear $i%& m" #i.es% &a&a sper &a*a since fa!ri%e ni"a i%n. case na % 2 pa.es fac%s lan. re&as& lan. n. "a#a e%c+ I incl#e# #in all isses in case i%ann. ni"a+ 1.a 2 pa.es lan. %ala.a #apa% i% if ssn#an lan. "n. %pic &e&e
ACTS: On 1a" 1a" 4 4 5 556 56 %&en %&en PNP PNP Direc Direc% %rr7e 7ene nera rall Recar ecare# e# Sarm Sarmie ien% n% II ann annn nce ce# # in a pres press s cnference %&e 8illin. f ele!en () mem*ers f %&e 9ra%n. 9ra%n. alelen. 7an. (97) in a s&%% s&%% $i%& $i%& pli plice ce elem elemen en%s %s near near %&e %&e ;" ;"!e !err aln aln. . Cmmn$eal%& A!ene <e=n Ci%" a% a*% >:00 A+1+ T&a% #a" Dels Re"es claime# %&a% %&e plice %eam arres%e arres%e# # %&e ele!en () .an. mem*ers in earl" mrnin. f 1a" 4 556 a% %&e .an.?s safe &se in Sper! Sper!ille ille S*#i! S*#i!isi isin n Para@ Para@a/ a/e e %&a% %&a% af%er af%er %&eir %&eir arre arres% s% %&e .an. .an. mem*er mem*ers s $ere $ere ma#e ma#e %
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*ar *ar# # %$ %$ !ans !ans %&ei %&eirr &an# &an#s s %ie# %ie# *e&i *e&in# n# %&ei %&eirr *ac8s an# *r.&% ini%iall" % Camp Crame $&ere a #ecisin #ecisin % smmaril" smmaril" e'ec% e'ec%e e %&em $as ma#e an# la%er % Cmmn$eal Cmmn$eal%& %& A!ene A!ene $&ere %&e" $ere s&% % #ea%& *" elemen%s f ARIT7+ B$e!er %&ere $ere asser%ins %&a% %&e 8illin. $as a r*% an# n% a s&%% &ence an i n!es%i.a%in $as cn#c%e#+ On ne ne 556 556 PNP Direc Direc%r %r fr In!es% In!es%i.a i.a%i %in n -le# -le# mr mr#er #er c&ar c&ar.e .es s $i%& $i%& %&e %&e Oce Oce f %&e %&e Om*#sman a.ains% nine%"se!en (5) cers an# persnnel f ARIT7+ T&e ne'%f8in f %&e slain 97 mem*ers als -le# mr#er c&ar.es a.ains% a.ains% %&e same cers an# persnnel+ Om*#sman -le# *efre %&e San#i.an*a"an ele!en () Infrma%ins Infrma%ins fr 1FRDER #c8e%e# a.ains% respn#en% Pan-l 1+ Lacsn an# %$en%"-!e (26) %&er accse#+ All %$en%"si' (2G) f %&em $ere c&ar.e# as principals+ Amen#e# Infrma%ins $ere -le# a.ains% %&e same %$en%"si' %$en%"si' (2G) sspec%s sspec%s *% %&e par%icipa% par%icipa%in in f respn#en% Lacsn $as #$n.ra#e# frm principal % accessr" acces sr"++ Hi%& Hi%& %&e #$n.r #$n.ra#i a#in. n. f c&ar.e c&ar.es s a.ains a.ains%% &im respn#e respn#en% n% Lacsn Lacsn /es%ine# /es%ine# %&e ,ris#ic%i ,ris#ic%in n f %&e San#i.an*a"an % &ear %&e criminal cases as nne f %&e principalJ principalJ accse# accse# in %&e Amen#e# Infr Infrma% ma%in ins s $as a .!er .!ernme nmen% n% cial cial $i%& $i%& a Salar" 7ra#e (S7) 2 r &i.&er ci%in. Sec%in 2 f R+ A+ N+ 56 %&en pre!ailin.+ Accr#in.l" %&e San#i.an*a"an r#ere# %&e cases %ran %ransf sfer erre re# # % %&e %&e Re.i e.ina nall Trial rial Cr Cr%+ %+ T&e T&e Om*#sman %&en ci%e# %&e amen#men% % RA 56 *" RA 42>5 $&ic& #ele%e# %&e $r# principal as /alif"in. /alif"in. %&e par%icipa% par%icipa%in in f %&e p*lic cial+ cial+ Spr Sprem eme e Cr Cr% % $&ile $&ile a.re a.reein ein. . %&a% %&a% $i%& $i%& %&e %&e
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amen#men% %&e case s&l# . % %&e San#i.an*a"an nne%&eless r#ere# %&e %ransfer f %&e criminal cases % %&e Re.inal Trial Cr% n %&e .rn# %&a% %&e Amen#e# Infrma%ins fr mr#er faile# % in#ica%e %&a% %&e Kenses c&ar.e# %&erein $ere cmmi%%e# in rela%in % r in #isc&ar.e f %&e cial fnc%ins f %&e respn#en% as re/ire# *" R+ A+ N+ 42>5+ T&e cases $ere rae# K % ranc& 4 f %&e Re.inal Trial Cr% f <e=n Ci%" %&en presi#e# *" #.e n$ Asscia%e s%ice f %&e Cr% f Appeals Hencesla A.nir r+ efre %&e accse# cl# *e arrai.ne# sme prsec%in $i%nesses recan%e# %&eir a#a!i%s $&ic& implica%e# respn#en% Lacsn in %&e mr#er f %&e 97 mem*ers $&ile %&ers als e'ec%e# %&eir respec%i!e a#a!i%s f #esis%ance #eclarin. %&a% %&e" $ere n ln.er in%eres%e# % prsec%e %&ese cases+ De % %&ese #e!elpmen%s %&e %$en%"si' (2G) accse# incl#in. respn#en% Lacsn -le# -!e separa%e *% i#en%ical m%ins % () ma8e a ,#icial #e%ermina%in f %&e e'is%ence f pr*a*le case fr %&e issance f $arran%s f arres% (2) &l# in a*e"ance %&e issance f %&e $arran%s an# (3) #ismiss %&e cases s&l# %&e %rial cr% -n# lac8 f pr*a*le case+ On 1arc& 25 555 #.e A.nir i sse# a Resl%in #ismissin. criminal cases+ 1ean$&ile amen#men%s n %&e Rles f Cr% as % %&e Criminal Prce#re $ere *ein. #eli*era%e# an# %&e m#i-e# Rles n Criminal Prce#re %8 eKec% n Decem*er 2000+ On 1arc& 2 200 PNP Direc%r Lean#r R+ 1en#=a in#rse# % %&e Depar%men% f s%ice %&e
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ne$ a#a!i%s f PMInsp+ smael S+ an# PMS Insp+ A*elar# Rams re.ar#in. %&e 9ra%n. alelen. inci#en% fr preliminar" in!es%i.a%in+ On %&e s%ren.%& f %&ese ne$ pieces f e!i#ence n ne G 200 ele!en () Infrma%ins fr mr#er $ere -le# *efre %&e Re.inal Trial Cr% f <e=n Ci%" an# $ere #c8e%e# as Criminal Cases Ns+ 0002 % 002+ T&e ne$ Infrma%ins c&ar.e# as principals %&ir%"fr (3>) peple incl#in. respn#en% Lacsn an# &is %$en%"-!e (26) %&er caccse# in %&e pre!is cases+ On %&e same #a" respn#en% Lacsn -le# *efre %&e Cr% f Appeals a pe%i%in fr cer%irari+ On A.s% 2> 200 %&e Cr% f Appeals (Special T&ir# Di!isin) ren#ere# %&e n$ assaile# Decisin+ I% c&arac%eri=e# %&e %ermina%in f Criminal Cases Ns+ <554G5 % <554G45 (%&e pre!is cases ) as pr!isinal #ismissalJ an# cnsi#ere# Criminal Cases Ns+ 0002 % 002 as mere re!i!als f %&e same+ Appl"in. Sec%in 4 Rle f %&e 2000 Re!ise# Rles f Criminal Prce#re i% #ismisse# %&e criminal cases a.ains% %&e respn#en%+ On 1a" 24 2002 %&e Spreme Cr% in a Resl%in #a%e# as sc& .ran%e# %&e pe%i%in f %&e Rep*lic s%a%in. %&a% in li.&% f %&e lac8 f r %&e cn;ic%in. e!i#ence n %&e !aris re/iremen%s % #e%ermine %&e applica*ili%" f Sec%in 4 Rle %&is Cr% is n% in a psi%in % rle $&e%&er r n% %&e re-lin. f %&e cases fr ml%iple mr#er a.ains% respn#en% Lacsn s&l# *e en,ine#+ n#amen%al fairness re/ires %&a% *%& %&e prsec%in an# %&e respn#en% Lacsn s&l# *e aKr#e# %&e ppr%ni%" % *e &ear# an# % a##ce e!i#ence n %&e presence r a*sence f
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%&e pre#ica%e fac%s pn $&ic& %&e applica%in f %&e ne$ rle #epen#s+ T&e" in!l!e #isp%e# fac%s an# ar.a*le /es%ins f la$+ T&e recep%in f e!i#ence n %&ese !aris isses cann% *e #ne i n %&is Cr% *% *efre %&e %rial cr%+ Bence %&e cases $ere reman#e# % RTC <e=n Ci%"+ T&e pe%i%iners %&en -le# a pe%i%in fr recnsi#era%in cn%en#in. %&a% %&ere $as n pr!isinal #ismissal an# %&a% Rle Sec 4 cann% *e .i!en re%rac%i!e applica%in+ On April 3 2003 in a Resl%in %&e Spreme Cr% fa!re# %&e pe%i%iners+ T&e Resl%in $as prepare# *" s%ice Rme Calle, Sr+ Be prepare# %&e #raf% fr %&e reasn %&a% &e $as %&e ne $& replace# Re%+ s%ice De Len % $&m %&e Lacsn case $as ri.inall" assi.ne#+ I% $as &ere $&ere %&e cr% -nall" resl!e# %&e isses an# &el# %&a% Sec 4 f Rle $ill n% appl" % Criminal Cases Ns+ 0002 % 002 *ecase i% $as n% pr!en %&a% %&e respn#en% Lacsn .a!e cnsen% % %&e #ismissal f sc& cases an# %&a% %&e &eirs f %&e !ic%ims $ere n%i-e#+ Als assmin. %&a% %&e sai# rle applies i% $l# *e applie# prspec%i!el" an# n% re%rac%i!el"+ T&is %ime i% $as %&e %rn f respn#en% Lacsn % -le &is m%in fr recnsi#era%in+ T&e respn#en% als -le# an mni*s m%in as8in. %&e in&i*i%in f 7lria 1acapa.alArr"?s appin%e# SC ,s%ices an# a m%in % se% %&e case fr ral ar.men%s+
ISSFES: HON %&e rles n Pr!isinal Dismissal (T&e Re!ise# Rles f Criminal Prce#re Sec 4 Rle ) appl" in criminal cases 000 % 0 02+ NO •
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HON Sec 4 Rle s&l# *e applie# re%rac%i!el" frm %&e 1arc& 555 #ismissal *" #.e A.nir r prspec%i!el" frm %&e #a%e f i%s eKec%i!i%" n Decem*er 200+ PROSPECTIVEL HON %&e respn#en%?s m%in callin. fr %&e in&i*i%ins f Arr"appin%e# Spreme Cr% s%ices s&l# *e .ran%e#+
RFLIN7: Ba!in. in!8e# Sec 4 Rle *efre %&e pe%i%inerspanel f prsec%rs an# *efre %&e Cr% f Appeals %&e respn#en% is *r#ene# % es%a*lis& %&e essen%ial re/isi%es %&eref namel": o T&e prsec%in $i%& %&e e'press cnfrmi%" f %&e accse# r %&e accse# m!es fr a pr!isinal (sin per,ici) #ismissal f %&e case r *%& %&e prsec%in an# %&e accse# m!e fr a pr!isinal #ismissal f %&e case o T&e Ken#e# par%" is n%i-e# f %&e m%in fr a pr!isinal #ismissal f %&e case T&e cr% isses an r#er .ran%in. %&e o m%in an# #ismissin. %&e case pr!isinall" o T&e p*lic prsec%r is ser!e# $i%& a cp" f %&e r#er f pr!isinal #ismissal f %&e case+ Pe%i%iners cn%en# %&a% i% $ill n% appl" since %&e #ismissal f %&e cases $as $i%&% %&e cnsen% f Lacsn an# %&a% %&ere $ere n n%ices .i!en % %&e &eirs f %&e !ic%ims $&ic& are cn#i%ins sine /a nn fr %&e applica%in f %&e sai# rle+ Respn#en% n %&e %&er &an# insis%s %&a% as fn# *" #.e A.nir &e &imself m!e# fr %&e #ismissal f %&e cases an# %&a% %&e &eirs f %&e !ic%ims $ere n%i-e# %&r.& %&e p*lic an# pri!a%e •
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prsec%rs since %&e prsec%rs $ere presen% #rin. %&e 1arc& 22 555 &earin. $&erein respn#en% m!e# fr %&e ,#icial #e%ermina%in f pr*a*le case+ In %&is case %&e respn#en% &as faile# % pr!e %&a% %&e -rs% an# secn# re/isi%es f %&e -rs% para.rap& f %&e ne$ rle $ere presen% $&en #.e A.nir r+ #ismisse# Criminal Cases Ns+ <55 4G5 % <554G45+ T&e prsec%in #i# n% -le an" m%in fr %&e pr!isinal #ismissal f %&e sai# criminal cases+ r &is par% %&e respn#en% merel" -le# a m%in fr ,#icial #e%ermina%in f pr*a*le case an# fr e'amina%in f prsec%in $i%nesses alle.in. %&a% n#er Ar%icle III Sec%in 2 f %&e Cns%i%%in+ T&e respn#en% %&r.& cnsel e!en a#mi%%e# %&a% #espi%e &is plea fr e/i%a*le relief in &is m%in fr a ,#icial #e%ermina%in f pr*a*le case in %&e RTC &e #i# n% a.ree % a pr!isinal #ismissal f %&e cases+ T&e respn#en% insis%e# %&a% %&e nl" relief &e pra"e# fr *efre #.e A.nir r+ $as %&a% $arran%s fr &is arres% *e $i%&&el# pen#in. a -n#in. f pr*a*le case+ Be asser%e# %&a% %&e ,#.e #i# n% e!en re/ire &im % a.ree % a pr!isinal #ismissal f %&e cases+ As % n%ice %&e fac%s s&$ %&a% %&e &eirs f %&e !ic%ims $ere n% n%i-e# %&eref prir % %&e &earin. n sai# m%in n 1arc& 22 555+ Respn#en% -le# &is m%in nl" n 1arc& 555 an# se% i% fr &earin. n 1arc& 22 555 r *arel" -!e #a"s frm %&e -lin. %&eref+ Al%&.& %&e p*lic prsec%r $as ser!e# $i%& a cp" f %&e m%in %&e recr#s # n% s&$ %&a% n%ices %&eref $ere separa%el" .i!en % %&e &eirs f %&e !ic%ims r %&a% s*penae $ere isse# % an# recei!e# *" %&em incl#in. %&se $& e'ec%e# %&eir a#a!i%s f
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#esis%ance $& $ere resi#en%s f Dipl. Ci%" r Pi@an am*an.a #el Nr%e r Palmpn Le"%e+ T&ere is as $ell n prf in %&e recr#s %&a% %&e p*lic prsec%r n%i-e# %&e &eirs f %&e !ic%ims f sai# m%in r f %&e &earin. %&eref n 1arc& 22 555+ Since the conditions sine qua non for the application of the new rule were not present when Judge Agnir, Jr. issued his resolution, the State is not barred by the time limit set forth in the second paragraph of Section 8 of Rule 117 of the Reised Rules of !riminal "rocedure. #he State can thus reie or re$le !riminal !ases %os. &'(('81)7( to &'((' 81)8( or $le new *nformations for multiple murder against the respondent. T&e S%a%e sa"s %&a% if i% $ill *e applie# re%rac%i!el" i% $l# !ila%e %&e ri.&% f %&e Peple % #e prcess an# n#l" impair re#ce an# #iminis& %&e S%a%e?s s*s%an%i!e ri.&% % prsec%e %&e accse#+ H&ile %&e respn#en% asser%s %&a% %&e rle ma" *e applie# re%rac%i!el" since %&ere is n s*s%an%i!e ri.&% f %&e S%a%e %&a% ma" *e impaire# since %&e S%a%e?s $i%nesses $ere rea#" $illin. an# a*le % pr!i#e %&eir %es%imn" an# %&a% %&e S%a%e &as mre %&an reasna*le %ime % in#ic% &im $&en %&e rle %8 eKec% n Decem*er 2000+ T&e %ime*ar n#er %&e ne$ rle #es n% re#ce %&e peri#s n#er Ar%icle 50 f %&e Re!ise# Penal C#e a s*s%an%i!e la$+ I% is *% a limi%a%in f %&e ri.&% f %&e S%a%e % re!i!e a criminal case a.ains% %&e accse# af%er %&e Infrma%in &a# *een -le# *% s*se/en%l" pr!isinall" #ismisse# $i%& %&e e'press cnsen% f %&e accse#+ Fpn %&e lapse f %&e %imeline n#er %&e ne$ rle %&e S%a%e is presme# al*ei% #isp%a*l" % &a!e a*an#ne# r
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$ai!e# i%s ri.&% % re!i!e %&e case an# prsec%e %&e accse#+ T&e #ismissal *ecmes ips fac% permanen%+ S%a%%es re.la%in. %&e prce#re f %&e cr%s $ill *e cns%re# as applica*le % ac%ins pen#in. an# n#e%ermine# a% %&e %ime f %&eir passa.e+ Prce#ral la$s are re%rac%i!e in %&a% sense an# % %&a% e'%en%+ T&e fac% %&a% prce#ral s%a%%es ma" sme&$ aKec% %&e li%i.an%s? ri.&%s ma" n% precl#e %&eir re%rac%i!e applica%in % pen#in. ac%ins+ T&e re%rac%i!e applica%in f prce#ral la$s is n% !ila%i!e f an" ri.&% f a persn $& ma" feel %&a% &e is a#!ersel" aKec%e#+ Nr is %&e re%rac%i!e applica%in f prce#ral s%a%%es cns%i%%inall" *,ec%ina*le+ T&e reasn is %&a% as a .eneral rle n o !es%e# ri.&% ma" a%%ac& % nr arise frm prce#ral la$s+ T&e ne$ rle is n% nreasna*le % *%& %&e S%a%e an# %&e accse#+ T&e %ime*ar ma" appear n -rs% impressin nreasna*le cmpare# % %&e peri#s n#er Ar%icle 50 f %&e Re!ise# Penal C#e+ B$e!er in -'in. %&e %ime*ar %&e Cr% *alance# %&e scie%al in%eres%s an# %&se f %&e accse# fr %&e r#erl" an# spee#" #ispsi%in f criminal cases $i%& minimm pre,#ice % %&e S%a%e an# %&e accse#+ I% %8 in% accn% %&e s*s%an%ial ri.&%s f *%& %&e S%a%e an# f %&e accse# % #e prcess+ +oweer, the rule cannot be applied retroactiely in this case. #he time'bar under the new rule was $ed by the !ourt to ecise the malaise that plagued the administration of the criminal -ustice system for the bene$t of the State and the accused not for the accused only #he !ourt agrees with the
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petitioners that to apply the time'bar retroactiely is inconsistent with the intendment of the new rule. *nstead of giing the State two years to reie proisionally dismissed cases, the State only had one year and three months to do so. T&is is in cnsnance $i%& %&e in%en#men% f %&e ne$ rle in -'in. %&e %ime*ar % pre!en% in,s%ice % %&e S%a%e an# a!i# a*sr# nreasna*le ppressi!e in,ris an# $rn.fl resl%s in %&e a#minis%ra%in f ,s%ice+ r i% $l# *e a #enial f %&e S%a%e?s ri.&% % #e prcess an# a %ra!es%" f ,s%ice fr %&e Cr% % appl" %&e ne$ rle re%rac%i!el" in %&e presen% case as %&e respn#en% insis%s especiall" cnsi#erin. %&a% %&e criminal cases $ere pr!isinall" #ismisse# n 1arc& 25 555 *efre %&e ne$ rle %8 eKec% n Decem*er 2000+ T&e respn#en% pin%s % %&a% %&e fll$in. mem*ers f %&e Cr% (Rena% Crna 1a+ Alicia As%ria1ar%ine= Cnc&i%a 1rales Rme Calle, an# A#lf A=cna ) $ere appin%e# *" Presi#en% 7lria 1acapa.alArr" af%er %&e e*rar" 5 2002 ral ar.men%s an# af%er %&e case a% *ar $as s*mi%%e# fr %&e #ecisin f %&e Cr%+ Be asser%s %&a% al%&.& A+1+ N+ 55405SC speci-call" pr!i#es %&a% i% applies nl" % %&e #i!isins f %&e Cr% i% s&l# li8e$ise appl" % %&is case an# accr#in.l" %&e case s&l# *e nla#e# *" Calle, an# *e rerae# % %&er SC ,s%ice+ #he respondent/s reliance on Supreme !ourt !ircular %o. (('8'0( is misplaced. As admitted by the respondent, the said circular is applicable only to motions for reconsideration in cases assigned to the iisions of the !ourt. 2or cases assigned to
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the !ourt 3n 4anc, the policy of the !ourt had always been and still is, if the ponente is no longer with the !ourt, his replacement will act upon the motion for reconsideration of a party and participate in the deliberations thereof. #his is the reason why Justice !alle-o, Sr. who had replaced retired Justice e 5eon, prepared the draft of the April 1, 600 Resolution of the !ourt. T&e Cr% als rle# %&a% %&ere $as n nee# fr i%s ne$es% mem*ers % in&i*i% %&emsel!es frm par%icipa%in. in %&e #eli*era%in f %&e respn#en%?s 1%in fr Recnsi#era%in+ Al%&.& s%ices Cnc&i%a Carpi1rales Rme + Calle, Sr+ an# A#lf S+ A=cna $ere n% "e% mem*ers f %&e Cr% #rin. %&e e*rar" 4 2002 ral ar.men%s *efre %&e Cr% nne%&eless %&e" $ere n% #is/ali-e# % par%icipa%e in %&e #eli*era%ins n %&e pe%i%iner?s m%in fr recnsi#era%in f %&e 1a" 24 2002 Resl%in f %&e Cr% r f %&e ins%an% m%in fr recnsi#era%in+ Nei%&er is s%ice Calle, Sr+ #is/ali-e# % prepare %&e resl%in f %&e Cr% n %&e m%in fr recnsi#era%in f %&e respn#en%+ H&en %&e Cr% #eli*era%e# n pe%i%iners? m%in fr recnsi#era%in s%ices Cnc&i%a Carpi1rales Rme + Calle, Sr+ an# A#lf S+ A=cna $ere alrea#" mem*ers f %&e Cr%+ I% *ears s%ressin. %&a% %ranscrip%s f s%en.rap&ic n%es %a8en #rin. %&e e*rar" 4
2002 &earin. an# ral ar.men%s f %&e par%ies are par%s f %&e recr#s f %&is case an# a!aila*le % %&e par%ies an# %&eir cnsels+ esi#es %&e respn#en% s.&% %&e in&i*i%in f s%ices Cnc&i%a C+ 1rales an# A#lf S+ A=cna nl" af%er %&e" &a# alrea#" cncrre# in %&e Cr%?s Resl%in #a%e# April 2003+ Case la$ &as i% %&a% a m%in fr #is/ali-ca%in ms% *e #enie# $&en -le# af%er a mem*er f %&e Cr% &as alrea#" .i!en an pinin n %&e meri%s f %&e case %&e ra%inale *ein. %&a% a li%i.an% cann% *e permi%%e# % specla%e pn %&e ac%in f %&e Cr% nl" % raise an *,ec%in f %&is sr% af%er a #ecisin &as *een ren#ere#+ DISPOSITIVE: IN LI7BT O ALL TBE ORE7OIN7 respn#en% Pan-l 1+ Lacsn?s Omni*s 1%in an# 1%in % Se% fr Oral Ar.men%s are DENIED+ T&e respn#en%?s 1%in fr Recnsi#era%in an# i%s Spplemen% are DENIED HITB INALIT+ T&e E'ec%i!e #.e f %&e Re.inal Trial Cr% f <e=n Ci%" is &ere*" DIRECTED % CONSOLIDATE Criminal Cases Ns+ 0 002 % 002 an# % RERALE %&e same $i%& #ispa%c& % ne f %&e *ranc&es f %&e Re.inal Trial Cr% f <e=n Ci%" #esi.na%e# as a special cr% e'clsi!el" % %r" an# #eci#e &eins crimes+
