Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment
Terms: Fertile Crescent: (pg.11, 12) the Fertile Crescent was a region where early civilizations frst settled and started arming !his region e"tends rom modern day #gy$t all the way u$ to !ur%ey and down to the &order o 'ra( !his region region was signifcant signifcant &ecause &ecause it was were were early humans discovered discovered &eer and started the )eolithic *evolution *evolution Chicha: (pg. 19) !his was what the 'nca+s called their &eer !hey would also use this as a religious oering !he 'ncas would oer this to the rising sun in a golden cu$ then $our it on the ground as an oering to the #arth gods !his was very signifcant &ecause this led to the idea that alcohol could cause or su$ernatural orces to awa%en Storehouses: (pg 22) -nce arming started to s$read through the Fertile Crescent, settlements started to ma%e storehouses which was were valua&le items were %e$t such as sacred o&.ects or sur$lus ood !his was very im$ortant &ecause it hel$ed civilizations in the uture when they had a ood shortages or when they needed to ma%e religious oerings Uruk: (pg.25) 't was an ancient city in /eso$otamia that &y 0111 2C# it was one o the largest cities in its day 't had a &ig $o$ulation which was around 31,111 !his city was im$ortant &ecause it &ecame a city4state in /eso$otamia and it was one o the frst cities to develo$ Sumer: (pg.2) Sumer was a region in southern southern /eso$otamia 't was very signifcant &ecause this is where &eer was discovered and where writing frst &egan !his also were the frst great literacy wor% was written and were the frst humans to live in a city lived !pic o" #ilgamesh: (pg.2) 't is a story a&out a %ing who ruled Sumer and tal%s a&out his adventures he has with his riend #n%idu !his is very signifcant &ecause it was the world+s frst great literary wor% $iggurat: (pg %1) 't+s what storehouses were called during the )eolithic *evolution Storehouses &ecame ela&orate tem$les or ziggurats they were very im$ortant &ecause this is where they would have their religious oerings &esopotamian cit'states: (pg 25) /eso$otamian city4 states included 5ru%, 5r, 6agash, #ridu, and )i$$ur !hese were im$ortant &ecause these were some o the frst ew large city4 states Cunei"orm: (pg.%) wedge sha$ed characters that was used in ancient writing, created &y the Sumerians !hey would write on clay ta&lets, this is how they would %ee$ trac% o their storehouses su$$ly and would even tell stories *shurnasirpal ++: (pg.%) 7ing o Assyria around 891 2C#, he is %nown or giving one o the greatest east in history !his east lasted or :1 days and $eo$le rom all over /eso$otamia attended to this east A&out ;<,39= $eo$le attended to this e$ic east !his east is very signifcant &ecause the %ing+s choice o drin% was wine instead o &eer !his gave the im$ression o wealth to other $eo$le since it was considered a ar more e"otic drin% than
Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment &eer which was very common in /eso$otamia ion'sius: (pg.5%) !he god o wine !here is dierent stories o this god For e"am$le, >ionysius ?ed to @reece to esca$e &eer4loving /eso$otamia Another story is that >ionysius created &eer or the &eneft o other $eo$le in countries who could not cultivate the vine 'n another version though he only creates it or the elite or the wealthy -latos /epu0lic: (pg.5) 't is a Socratic dialogue in which it tal%s a&out .ustice and his his sus$icion sus$icion o democracy democracy He &elieved that $lacing too much much $ower in the hands o $eo$le would lead to an anarchy Plato &elieved that the ideal society would &e led &y the elite and $hiloso$her %ings Plato saw drin%ing as a way to test one sel, he &elieved that wine tested a man+s character !his was very signifcant &ecause it was one o the frst $hiloso$hies o drin%ing /oman illas: (pg.3) !his is a term that descri&ed *oman country houses, usually made or the elite or the wealthy !hese villas were im$ortant &ecause *omans would cele&rate easts and drin%ing $arties with wine 4attle o" Tours: (pg.) !his &attle too% $lace in 90 C#, in central France Ara& troo$s were deeated &y Charles /artel who was $art o the Fran%ish %ingdom !his &attle was very signifcant &ecause it mar%ed Ara& 'n?uence in #uro$e Charles &artel: (pg.) He was $art o the Fran%ish %ingdom, he was very strong in character He led the 2attle o !ours which was a mar%er event in history Cor6o0a: (pg.9%) !he most greatest and cultured city in western #uro$e Cordo&a was the ca$ital o Ara& Andalusia which is now southern S$ain 't was very develo$ed and civilized, it had $ar%s, $alaces, roads, and drainage and sewage systems Betc 't even had the most im$ressive li&rary with hal a million &oo%s, more than any #uro$ean li&rary *7ua itae: (pg.9) Since distilled wine $roduced an un$leasant sensation in the throat , $eo$le &elieved that concentrated and $urifed wine would have good healing $owers so, as medicine was starting to &e more advanced and started to ?ourish more distilled wine was called a(ua vitae or Dwater o lieE ashee80i': (pg.135) Alcohol was the most distinguished good that was e"changed e"changed or slaves, it soon &ecame traditional or #uro$eans to give large amounts o alcohol called D>asheeE or D&izyE as a git to give Aricans &eore starting negotiations negotiations 1% &olasses *ct: (pg.11) !he /olasses Act was $assed in :990 in 6ondon !his law was made to in?ict ta"es on rum or molasses that came rom oreign countries BFrance into )orth America Sugar *ct: (pg.123) 6aw $assed in :99= &y the 2ritish government, it came ater the /olasses Act !his law ta"ed sugar that was im$orted rom other oreign countries, so that the money made rom ta"es would &e a mono$oly or 2ritish sugar growers in the West 'ndies
Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment
Su +slam: (pg.1%) Sufsm is a conce$t in 'slam 't+s a mystical &elie and $ractice in which /uslims try to see% god+s love and %nowledge utch !ast +n6ia Co.: (pg.1, 1) !his was a trade networ% that was ounded in :;1 't was located at 2atavia in Java, which was an island that is now 'ndonesia -rincipia: (pg.11) Princi$ia was a &oo% that scientist 'saac )ewton wrote and $u&lished in :;89 !his is the greatest &oo%s in history o science that was ever written !he ull name o this &oo% is D/athematical $rinci$les o natural $hiloso$hyE With this &oo% he re$laced the unrelia&le theories o the @ree%s and made the whole world start to reason His wor% was amazing that he is recognized as one o the greatest scientist in history ;ealth o"
ennis >iderot and Jean 6e *ond d+Alem&ert, d+Alem&ert, the frst volume volume a$$eared in :93: :93: !he #ncyclo$edie #ncyclo$edie came to &e as the defnitive summary summary o #nlightenment thin%ing thin%ing !his &oo% was fnished in :99 with all o its twenty eight volumes delivered to secret scri&ers Changan: (pg.19) Changan was the ca$ital o Ancient China 2y ;:84<19 C# China had the golden days 't was the largest, wealthiest and most $o$ulated em$ire in the world Changan was the greatest metro$olis on #arth, a&out two million $eo$le lived there !his city was also a cultural magnet es$ecially during a time $eriod where China was $articularly o$en to other in?uences surrounding them =u >u: (pg.11) 6u Gu was a !aoist $oet, she wrote D!he Classic o !eaE and many other &oo%s a&out tea He even wrote a&out dierent ty$es o leaves used to ma%e tea and how to &oil water !his character turned tea rom a normal ulflling drin% to a sym&ol o so$histication and culture !his led to $resenting Dtri&ute teaE to the em$eror every year Celestial !mpire: (pg.1) !he Chinese #m$ire was also %nown as the Celestial #m$ire, many inha&itants inha&itants use to thin% that it was located in the center o the universe /ichar6 *rk?right: (pg.19 2ritish inventor who designed and invented wigs 'n :9;9 he &egan an invention called Da s$inning rameE !his hel$ed with weaving and it was a machine that anyone could o$erate !han%s to Ar%wright 2ritain &ecame the world+s frst industrialized country He did this
Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment &y develo$ing a frst s$inning mill $owered &y horses and causing an im$ression to two wealthy man which gave Ar%wright a und to hel$ him &uild a &igger and &etter one Tea *ct o" 1%: B$g 13 Since *am$ant smuggling was reducing the sales or legal tea so there was $iles o tea sitting in stoc%$iles since the com$any had to $ay im$ort sold or not , so they owed the government over one million $ounds !hat is why the government $assed the !ea Act which was a loan to this tea com$any so they could shi$ tea rom China to America, which meant they didn+t have to $ay the 2ritish im$ort =in TeSu: (pg.213) Commissioner who $ut an end to the o$ium trade since it was causing tension &etween China and 2ritain He &urned down a one year su$$ly o o$ium which made a war &rea% out that only lasted or a short $eriod time and 2ritain won ma%ing China sign a $eace treaty and ma%ing China trade or ree +n6ian &utin': (pg.219) wides$read wides$read u$rising against com$any that rule that triggered &y the revolt 2engal army which made the 2ritish ta%e control o 'ndia and ma%ing the #ast 'ndia Com$any get a&olished
/ea6ing @uestions: Beer : 1. Ao? is the the 6iscoBer' 6iscoBer' o" 0eer 0eer linke6 linke6 to the gro?th o" the the rst ciBiliations ciBiliations (pg 1115) !he discovery o o &eer is lin%ed lin%ed to the the growth o frst civilizations civilizations &ecause &ecause &eer &ecame very im$ortant socially and ritually Peo$le started to rely on &eer since it could &e %e$t or a long $eriod o time without it rotting or going to waste !hat is why $eo$le started to leave the nomadic lie in order to start growing grain that hel$ed ma%e the &eer, this made the hunter4gatherers ado$t arming and settle down in villages
Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment
2. ;hat is the connection 0et?een the 6iscoBer' 6iscoBer' o" 0eer 0eer an6 the
Wine: 1. Ao? 6i6 the 6eBelopment 6eBelopment o" large states states an6 empires empires promote promote ?ine as a 6rink o" choice (pg.%3) !he cost and scarcity scarcity o wine itsel made it very diIcult or many em$ires to ac(uire /eanwhile many large states and em$ires used wine as a sym&ol o wealth ma%ing wine its drin% o choice 2.
;hat role 6i6 #reek geograph' pla' in its economic 6eBelopment an6 tra6e (pg.32) @reece was $laced in a airly decent s$ot in which they had dense traIc o trade Which aected economic develo$ment massively, the /eso$otamians were very wealthy &ecause o its general location close to the ocean a. Ao? ?as ?ine use6 use6 0' #reeks #reeks an6 ho? ho? 6i6 it 6eBelop into a s'm0ol s'm0ol o" status (pg.%1)
Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment !he /eso$otamians /eso$otamians used wine wine $rimarily as a sign o recognition recognition or e"am$le they used wine or the greatest east in history given &y 7ing Ashurnasir$al '' Wine was a sign o wealth to the @ree%s as it was diIcult to trans$ort it and $roduce it, while many other $eo$le in the em$ire havent tasted wine Since wine was scarce and very e"$ensive it made it worthy or consum$tion &y the god+s, it made the @ree%s loo% airly wealthy u$on the rest o the em$ires in that era
a. ;hat ?as -latos Bie? Bie? o" 6emocrac' 6emocrac' Ao? 6i6 -latos -latos s'mposium s'mposium 6iDer "rom others (pg.515%) Plato was sus$icious o democracy He &elieved it interered with the natural order o things and he thought that $utting too much $ower in ones hands was something to &e worried a&out Plato argued in his &oo% The Republic that democracy could lead to anarchy Plato+s sym$osium diered rom others &ecause at a regular sym$osium sym$osium wine would e"$ose truths, &oth $leasant and un$leasant, &ut Plato+s sym$osium was &elieved to test a mans character &y drin%ing wine 0. Compare the /oman conBiBium to the #reek s'mposium.(p s'mposium.(pg.5,) g.5,) A *oman convivium was &asically a dinner $arty 'n this convivium it was all a&out a man &eing a&le to move u$ the social chain A $erson+s social status was determined &y where they would sit, the (uantity and (uality o the ood and the ty$e o wine they were served For e"am$le, the most im$ortant or wealthy would get the most distinguisha&le distinguisha&le and e"otic wine while the $eo$le at the &ottom o the social chain chain would get the most &asic &asic wine 'n a @ree% sym$osium wine was what determined where a $erson would stand in the social chain, since only the wealthy would &e served wine c Compare the acceptance o" ?ine in Christianit' to the +slamic Bie?s o" spirits.(pg.) >ue to the act that Christ frst miracle was converting ; .ars o water into wine and in the 6ast Su$$er with his ollowers he served wine to re$resent his &lood he would sacrifce or his $eo$le, Christian worshi$$ers regarded wine drin%ing as a orm o sacred communion 'n the other hand, 'slamic views on s$irits was the contrary to the Christians /uhammad who was a $ro$het that received divine guidance got a vision rom Allah who said that DWine and the games o chance are a&ominations o SatanE in other words it was unholy or these $eo$le to drin% wine that is why they would a&stain rom it
Spirits: 1. ;hat is the origin origin o" 6istil 6istille6 le6 spirits spirits (pg.9) (pg.9) >istilled s$irits were created &y ancient Ara& chemists &y distilling wine and using the resulting ?uid as medicine >istilling wine ma%es it stronger since the &oiling $oint o alcohol is lower than water !his ma%es it have more alcohol than water and ma%ing it a higher alcohol content than wine 2. !Eplain the the connection connection 0et?een 0et?een spirits, slaBes, slaBes, an6 sugar (pg.132,13%) !he Arican Arican traders would sell slaves slaves or s$irits s$irits and would &uy &uy sugar and rum rum at the trading mar%ets to ta%e &ac% to #uro$e
Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment
%. ;h' 6i6 spirits 0ecome 0ecome an important important staple in colonial colonial *merica (pg.22) When colonies in America started to settle they had no ty$e o alcohol so they were stuc% drin%ing water -nce they discovered rum, it &ecame %nown across all colonies and soon was the drin% o choice since it was not e"$ensive . ;hat role 6i6 rum pla' in the *merican /eBolution /eBolution (pg.11119) (pg.11119) /olasses was used in rum $roduction and due to the increase on ta" in molasses it caused or the cost o rum to go u$ as well !his caused or citizens to turn against the government 6. ;h' 6i6 ?hiske ?hiske' ' supplant rum in the ?estern colonial colonial regions regions o" *merica (pg.122) Whis%ey was su$$lant to rum in Western Americas &ecause the *evolution meant the decline o rum When the 2ritish cut o American molasses $orts, most )ew #ngland rum drin%ers converted to whis%ey e. ;hat ?ere the causes an6 eDects eDects o" the ;hiske' ;hiske' /e0ellion /e0ellion (pg.122 (pg.122 12) !he reason reason or this re&ellion re&ellion was &ecause armers armers were mad mad that the government had im$osed ta"es on distilled li(uor !he eects o this re&ellion was using the militia to ma%e things more $eaceul and it showed that the ederal government could maintain $eace and tran(uility with the $eo$le
Cofee: 1. Ao? 6i6 6i6 *ra0s come to to 6ominate the coDee coDee in6ustr' in6ustr' (pg.1%) (pg.1%) !he Ara&s dominated dominated the coee coee industry &ecause &ecause they saw it it as an alternative to alcohol and coeehouses an alternative to &ars were wine and other alcoholic drin%s 2. ;h' 6i6 coDee coDee come to 0e pre"erre6 pre"erre6 oBer alcoholic 0eBerages 0eBerages (pg.1%9,13) Coee was $reerred over other alcoholic drin%s &ecause it %e$t the mind awa%e 'n other words, it made the $erson more active and $roductive 6eBelopment that man' !uropeans 0 ;h' ?as it important to !uropes 6eBelopment chose coDee oBer alcohol as their "aBore6 0eBerage o" consumption (pg.11) 't was im$ortant &ecause this drin% was ar more res$ecta&le, intellectual and even the $o$e had acce$ted or Christian+s to drin% this &everage Coee &ecame $o$ular in #uro$e ma%ing $eo$le o$en coeehouses, which &ecame were $eo$le would gather to discuss im$ortant to$ics and share news . Ao? 6i6 coDee pla' pla' a piBotal role in the scientic reBolution (pg.152,15%) !han%s to coee, coee, coeehouses were &uilt &uilt and many scientists scientists would would gather in one s$ecifc coeehouse to e"change ideas and inormation !here were also lectures that tal%ed a&out inventions and $eo$le would even have intellectual conversations with others 5. Ao? 6i6 coDee pla' pla' a piBotal role in the nancial reBolution reBolution (pg.1%,1) Since the government had $laced limits on trade, &ro%ers moved closer to coeehouses were were they were a&le to have auctions as long as they would want !hey also were a&le to trade in these coeehouses . Ao? 6i6 coDee pla' pla' a piBotal role in the !nlightenment !nlightenment an6 the French reBolution (pg.13)
Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment !he French French had &anned many media and restricted restricted many things on the the $eo$le As the fnancial crisis worsened, revolutionary s$ea%ers started to s$ea% at coee houses to others Ater a ailed convention, a lawyer named Camille >esmoulins stood in a ta&le gathering a crowd o $eo$le while yelling D!o armsE ma%ing the French *evolution start Coee also $layed a role in the #nlightenment $eriod since $eo$le would gather in coeehouses to discuss ideas and new innovations
Tea: 1. Ao? 6i6 6i6 tea trans"orm Chinese societ' (pg.1) !ea !ea &ecame a daily drin% drin% in China China and since it it was a water $urifcation technology it &ecame even more $o$ular es$ecially in #uro$e were $ota&le water was rare Also tea &ecame one o the main e"$orts and was traded or silver 2. ;hat ?ere Chinas Chinas maor eEports eEports 6uring the Tang Tang 6'nast' (pg.19) >uring the !ang >ynasty, China was %nown as the wealthiest and largest em$ire >uring this $eriod, China e"$orted sil%, tea, $a$er, and ceramics %. ;hat t?o "actors "actors ma6e tea a popular popular 6rink in !nglan6 (pg.19,193) (pg.19,193) !ea !ea frst &ecame esta&lished esta&lished in 2ritain 2ritain &ecause &ecause o the in?uence in?uence o a oreign oreign $rincess, Catherine o 2raganza, the (ueen o Charles '' She introduced tea to the #nglish court, they loved the &everage and set it as their drin% choice Another actor that in?uenced tea as a $o$ular drin% in #ngland was the 2ritish #ast 'ndia Com$any, they managed to &ring tea into #uro$e rom the )etherlands since they didn+t have direct access to China . Ao? ?as tea an integral integral part o" o" the +n6ustrial +n6ustrial /eBolution /eBolution (pg.199 (pg.199 231) !ea !ea was one o the the ma.or items that that was traded during the 'ndustrial 'ndustrial *evolution 't was also grown in 2ritish arms so it was easy or $eo$le to invest selling tea !ea also hel$ed shar$en wor%ers mind while on the .o& since it contained caeine unli%e &eer that would Ddull the mindE 5. ;hat ?as the the connection connection 0et?een 0et?een tea an6 an6 politics politics (pg.23%23) (pg.23%23) !ea !ea was a ma.or su$$ly su$$ly or the the 2ritish #ast #ast 'ndia Com$any Com$any !ea !ea was also the lu&ricant that %e$t the actories running well Also the 2ritish #ast 'ndia Com$any used its money and $ower to $rotest or a new government $olicy a&out trade 'n :990 A !ea Act was $assed &y the government which meant that there would &e ta"es to $ay or tea, /any $eo$le disagreed to this causing !he 2oston !ea Party . ;hat role 6i6 6i6 the 4ritish 4ritish !ast +n6ia +n6ia Compan' pla' in ?orl6 histor' (4e 6etaile6 here) (pg.23,235) !he #ast 'ndia 'ndia Com$any would would trade tea with with 'ndia, ma%ing the 2ritish want tea and o$ening more .o&s in 'ndia 2ritain did not want to rely on China or their tea su$$ly so instead ound another tea $roducer, 'ndia Ater fnding another tea $roducer, 2ritain relied on 'ndia or their tea . Ao? ?as tea connecte6 connecte6 to the the opium tra6e tra6e an6 the the Gpium ?ar o" 1%912 (pg. 23212)
Flor Jacome, AP World History Summer Assignment 'n order or the 2ritish to $ay their de&t o tea rom China, !he #ast 'ndia Com$any grew o$ium and would sell it to China or silver Ater 6in4!ze4Su tried to $ut an end to this trade, the -$ium War &ro%e out
