ACI Committee 533-ACI 533R-11_ Guide for Precast Concrete Wall Panels-American Concrete Institute (ACI) (2011).pdf

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HITIRHW SR WXVYGXYVI X]TI ERH PSGEP TVEGXMGI 'SRXVEGXYEP EKVIIQIRXWWLSYPHMRHMGEXI[LSMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVXLIWYTTP] ERHMRWXEPPEXMSRSJLEVH[EVI;LIRXLIWYTTSVXMRKJVEQIMW WXVYGXYVEP WXIIP MRWXEPPEXMSR LEVH[EVI MW RSVQEPP] WYTTPMIH ERHMRWXEPPIHF]XLITVIGEWXIVIGXSVSVWXIIPJEFVMGEXSV;LIR XLIFYMPHMRKJVEQIGSRWMWXWSJGEWXMRTPEGIGSRGVIXILEVH[EVI MWRSVQEPP]WYTTPMIHF]XLITVIGEWXQERYJEGXYVIVERHTPEGIH F] XLI GSRGVIXI GSRXVEGXSV (IXEMPIH LEVH[EVI PE]SYX MW TVITEVIH F] XLI TVIGEWX QERYJEGXYVIV JSV ETTVSZEP F] XLI IRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX 3GGEWMSREPP] GIVXEMR WTIGMEP MRWIVXW SV WPIIZIWEVIVIUYMVIHJSVSXLIVXVEHIW-RXLIWIMRWXERGIWXLI XVEHIMRZSPZIHMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVLEZMRKWYGLTEVXWETTVSZIH ERHHIPMZIVIHXSXLITERIPQERYJEGXYVIVMRXMQIJSVIQFIHQIRX MR XLI [EPP TERIPW 8LIWI WLSYPH FI EGGSQTERMIH F] XLI IRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXvWETTVSZIHTPEGIQIRXHVE[MRKWERH MRWXVYGXMSRWJSVMRWXEPPEXMSR )\IGYXMSRSJGSRRIGXMSRW{8LIKIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSV MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV EGGYVEXIP] GSRWXVYGXMRK FIEVMRK WYVJEGIW ERHERGLSVEKIWJSVTVIGEWXIPIQIRXW;LIRETERIPGERRSX be erected within tolerances specified in the contract documents, XLI QEXXIV WLSYPH FI GEPPIH XS XLI IRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXvW EXXIRXMSRJSVGSRWMHIVEXMSRERHGSVVIGXMSR 'LERKIW SXLIV XLER EHNYWXQIRXW [MXLMR XLI TVIWGVMFIH XSPIVERGIW GER SRP] FI QEHI EJXIV ETTVSZEP %R] EHNYWX QIRXWEJJIGXMRKWXVYGXYVEPTIVJSVQERGIWLSYPHFIETTVSZIH F] XLI IRKMRIIV SJ VIGSVH 2S TERIP WLSYPH FI PIJX MR ER YRWEJIWYTTSVXGSRHMXMSR 7LST HVE[MRK ETTVSZEP{-RWXEPPEXMSR ERH WLETI HVE[MRKW TVITEVIH F] XLI TVIGEWX QERYJEGXYVIV VIJIV XS 7IGXMSR WLSYPHFIJSV[EVHIHXSXLIKIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSV JSV ETTVSZEP VIKEVHMRK GSRWXVYGXMFMPMX] ERH XLIR JSV[EVHIH XSXLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX[LSGLIGOWJSVGSRJSVQERGI[MXL XLI HIWMKR VIUYMVIQIRXW ERH GSRXVEGX HSGYQIRXW (VE[ MRKWVIZMI[IHF]XLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXWLSYPHFIVIXYVRIH XSXLIQERYJEGXYVIV [MXL EWXEXIQIRXWMQMPEVXS SRI SJXLI JSPPS[MRK 6IZMI[IH JSV GSRJSVQERGI [MXL XLI GSRXVEGX HSGY QIRXW2SVIWYFQMWWMSRWRIGIWWEV] 6IZMI[IHEWRSXIHJSVGSRJSVQERGI[MXLXLIGSRXVEGX HSGYQIRXW2SVIWYFQMWWMSRWRIGIWWEV] 6IZMWIERHVIWYFQMX 6INIGXIH {%IWXLIXMGGSRWMHIVEXMSRW *EFVMGEXMSR XIGLRMUYIW ERH TVSGIHYVIW GSZIVIH MR XLMW guide allow flexibility during fabrication to achieve uniform aesthetic results and concrete quality. Performance specifi GEXMSRWJSVXLIETTIEVERGISJTVIGEWX[EPPTERIPWI\TPEMRMRK EIWXLIXMGVIUYMVIQIRXWSVIWXEFPMWLMRKYRHIVWXERHEFPIGVMXIVME for acceptance are difficult to achieve. It is recommended XLEXVIJIVIRGIWEQTPIWFIYWIHMRHIXIVQMRMRKTVSHYGXGLEV EGXIVMWXMGWERHUYEPMX]VEXLIVXLER[VMXMRKVIWXVMGXMSRWXLEXEVI difficult to achieve and may prohibit the manufacturer from YWMRKETVSGIWWXLEXSJJIVWXLIFIWXTSWWMFMPMX]SJTVSHYGMRK XLIHIWMVIHTERIP (IWMKRVIJIVIRGIWEQTPIW{*YPPWMÎWEQTPITERIPW are preferred, but construction specifications may require XLEXXLIGSPSVERHXI\XYVIQEXGLWQEPPWEQTPIW7YGLWEQTPIW


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

WLSYPH FI EX PIEWX \ MR \ QQ EPXLSYKL PEVKIVWEQTPIWQE]FIHIWMVEFPI-JFSXLTERIPJEGIWEVIXSFI exposed, samples should show the finished interior surface EW[IPPEWXLII\XIVMSVJEGISJXLITVIGEWX 8LI QERYJEGXYVIV WLSYPH WYFQMX WEQTPIW XS XLI KIRIVEP GSRXVEGXSV JSV ETTVSZEP F] XLI IRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX [LMPI VIXEMRMRKHYTPMGEXIWEQTPIW-JXLIWEQTPIMWRSXETTVSZIH VIWYFQMWWMSRW WLSYPH FI QEHI YRXMP ETTVSZEP MW SFXEMRIH 7EQTPIETTVSZEPWLSYPHFIMR[VMXMRK[MXLVIJIVIRGIXSXLI GSVVIGXWEQTPIGSHIRYQFIVSVXLIETTVSZEPQE]FI[VMXXIR SRXLIWEQTPIMXWIPJ 6ERKI WEQTPIW{%X PIEWX XLVII JYPPWGEPI FYX RSX necessarily full-size) sample panels should be specified. 8LIWIWEQTPITERIPWWLSYPHGSRXEMRX]TMGEPGEWXMRMRWIVXW VIMRJSVGMRK WXIIP ERH TPEXIW EW VIUYMVIH JSV XLI TVSNIGX 8LIWITERIPWWLSYPHIWXEFPMWLXLIVERKISJEGGITXEFMPMX][MXL VIWTIGXXSGSPSVERHXI\XYVIZEVMEXMSRWWYVJEGIHIJIGXWERH SZIVEPPETTIEVERGI-XWLSYPHFIGPIEVP]WXEXIHMRXLIGSRXVEGX HSGYQIRXWLS[PSRKXLIJYPPWGEPIWEQTPIWWLSYPHFIOITX EXXLITSMRXSJQERYJEGXYVI TVIGEWXMRKTPERX SVEXXLINSF WMXI JSV GSQTEVMWSR %TTVSZIH JYPPWGEPI TERIPW WLSYPH FI EPPS[IHXSFIYWIHMRXLIGSQTPIXIHWXVYGXYVI-JJYPPWGEPI WEQTPIWEVIVIUYMVIHFIJSVISVEXXLIFIKMRRMRKSJJEFVMGE XMSR PIEH XMQI MW RIGIWWEV] ERH XLI GSRWXVYGXMSR WGLIHYPI WLSYPH FI EHNYWXIH EGGSVHMRKP] ;LIR JYPPWGEPI WEQTPI panels are not specified, the first fabrication panels should FI WYFQMXXIH JSV MRWTIGXMSR ERH ETTVSZEP F] XLI IRKMRIIV EVGLMXIGX ',%48)6{238%8-32%2(()*-2-8-327 {2SXEXMSR F ! [MHXLSJGVSWWWIGXMSR JG ! concrete compressive strength specified at age GSRWMHIVIHHYVMRKHIWMKR LIJJ ! IJJIGXMZIXLMGORIWWSJQIQFIV -K ! QSQIRX SJ MRIVXME SJ KVSWW GSRGVIXI WIGXMSR RIKPIGXMRKVIMRJSVGIQIRX O ! IJJIGXMZIPIRKXLJEGXSV ! PIRKXLSJWTER V ! VEHMYWSJK]VEXMSRSJGVSWWWIGXMSR ! YRWYTTSVXIHPIRKXLSJTERIP Y ACI provides a comprehensive list of definitions through ER SRPMRI VIWSYVGI w%'- 'SRGVIXI 8IVQMRSPSK]x LXXT terminology.concrete.org). Definitions provided herein GSQTPIQIRXXLEXVIWSYVGI FS[MRKzzXLIHIZMEXMSRSJXLIIHKISVWYVJEGISJETPERIV [EPP QIQFIV MR XLI SYXSJTPERI HMVIGXMSR JVSQ E PMRI TEWWMRKXLVSYKLER]X[SGSVRIVWSJXLIQIQFIV GEQFIVzza deflection that is intentionally built into a WXVYGXYVEP IPIQIRX SV JSVQ XS MQTVSZI ETTIEVERGI SV XS nullify the deflection of the element under the effects of PSEHWWLVMROEKIERHGVIIT WYVJEGISYXSJTPERIRIWW VSYKLRIWW zzEPSGEPWQSSXL RIWWZEVMEXMSRVEXLIVXLEREFS[MRKZEVMEXMSR8LIXSPIVERGI JSVXLMWZEVMEXMSRMWYWYEPP]I\TVIWWIHMRJVEGXMSRWSJERMRGL QMPPMQIXIV SV MR MRGLIW TIV JX QMPPMQIXIVW TIV Q

%PXLSYKLSXLIVGVMXIVME EVI EZEMPEFPIXLI XSPIVERGI MW X]TM GEPP]GLIGOIH[MXLEJX Q WXVEMKLXIHKISVIUYMZEPIRX and definition of roughness. XSPIVERGIzzE TIVQMXXIH ZEVMEXMSR JVSQ XLI FEWMG HMQIR WMSRSVUYERXMX]EWMRXLIPIRKXL[MHXLSVHITXLSJEQIQFIV YRIUYEP FS[MRKzzQE] FI SFWIVZEFPI [LIR TERIPW EVI ZMI[IH XSKIXLIV SR XLI GSQTPIXIH WXVYGXYVI ;LIR X[S TERIPWFS[MRXLIWEQIHMVIGXMSRXLIQEKRMXYHISJYRIUYEP FS[MRKMWHIXIVQMRIHF]WYFXVEGXMRKSRIFS[MRKZEPYIJVSQ ERSXLIV;LIRTERIPWFS[MRSTTSWMXIHMVIGXMSRWXLIGSRZI\ FS[MRKMWXEOIREWTSWMXMZI ERHGSRGEZIFS[MRKMWXEOIR EWRIKEXMZI z F]EWXERHEVHWMKRGSRZIRXMSRXLIYRIUYEP FS[MRKMWXLIEPKIFVEMGHMJJIVIRGI [EVTMRKzzHIZMEXMSRSJETPERIVWYVJEGIHYIXSHMWTPEGI QIRXSJSRIGSVRIVMRVIPEXMSRXSER]X[SEHNEGIRXGSVRIVW ;EVTMRKXSPIVERGIWEVIWXEXIHMRXIVQWSJXLIQEKRMXYHISJ XLIGSVRIVZEVMEXMSR8LMWZEPYIMWYWYEPP]KMZIRMRXIVQWSJ XLIEPPS[EFPIZEVMEXMSRTIVJX QQ SJHMWXERGIJVSQ XLIRIEVIWXEHNEGIRXGSVRIV[MXLERSXXSI\GIIHQE\MQYQ ZEPYISJGSQIV[EVTMRK ',%48)6{;%004%2)0()7-+2 {-RXVSHYGXMSR 8LMW KYMHI TVIWIRXW HIWMKR VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW JSV TVIWXVIWWIH ERH GSRZIRXMSREPP] VIMRJSVGIH GSRGVIXI [EPP TERIPW 0SEHFIEVMRK ERH RSRPSEHFIEVMRK TERIPW EVI GSZIVIH 4VIGEWX [EPP TERIPW GER FI HMJJIVIRXMEXIH SR XLI basis of structural function as well as panel configuration. 8LI GPEWWIW ERH X]TIW SJ TERIPW GSZIVIH MR XLMW KYMHI EVI defined in the following. 4ERIPGPEWWIW 2SRPSEHFIEVMRK TERIP GPEHHMRK {% TVIGEWX [EPPTERIPXLEXXVERWJIVWRIKPMKMFPIPSEHJVSQSXLIVIPIQIRXW SJXLIWXVYGXYVI8LMWTERIPMWKIRIVEPP]HIWMKRIHEWEGPSWYVI TERIP ERH WLSYPH VIWMWX EPP ETTPMGEFPI WIVZMGI ERH JEGXSVIH PSEHW JVSQ [MRH JSVGIW IEVXLUYEOIMRHYGIH JSVGIW XLIV QEPP]MRHYGIHJSVGIWJSVGIWJVSQXMQIHITIRHIRXHIJSVQE XMSRWWIPJ[IMKLXERHXLSWIJSVGIWVIWYPXMRKJVSQLERHPMRK WXSVEKIXVERWTSVXEXMSRERHMRWXEPPEXMSR 0SEHFIEVMRK TERIP{% TVIGEWX [EPP TERIP HIWMKRIHXSGEVV]PSEHWJVSQSRIWXVYGXYVEPIPIQIRXXSSXLIV WXVYGXYVEP IPIQIRXW 0SEHFIEVMRK TERIPW WLSYPH MRXIVEGX [MXL SXLIV TERIPW ERH XLI WYTTSVXMRK WXVYGXYVEP JVEQI XS VIWMWXEPPETTPMGEFPIHIWMKRPSEHWMREHHMXMSRXSXLSWIPMWXIH JSV RSRPSEHFIEVMRK TERIPW 0SEHFIEVMRK TERIPW EPWS MRGPYHITERIPWHIWMKRIHXSJYRGXMSREWWLIEV[EPPW 4ERIPX]TIW 7SPMH TERIP{% TERIP SJ GSRWXERX XLMGORIWW ER EPPS[ERGIJSVWYVJEGIXI\XYVIWLSYPHFIQEHIMRHIXIVQMRMRK IJJIGXMZIXLMGORIWW ,SPPS[GSVI TERIP{4VIGEWXTERIPXLEX LEW ZSMHW [MXLMR XLIXLMGORIWW MR SRI HMVIGXMSRJSVXLI JYPP PIRKXL SJ XLITERIP 7ERH[MGLTERIP{4VIGEWXTERIPGSRWMWXMRKSJX[S PE]IVW SJ GSRGVIXI WITEVEXIH F] E RSRWXVYGXYVEP MRWYPEXMRK GSVI 6MFFIHTERIP{4VIGEWXTERIPGSRWMWXMRKSJEWPEF VIMRJSVGIHF]EW]WXIQSJVMFWMRSRISVX[SHMVIGXMSRW


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

{(IWMKRKYMHIPMRIW +IRIVEP{4VIGEWX [EPP TERIPW WLSYPH FI HIWMKRIH according to ACI 318-08 except as modified in Sections ERHSJXLMWKYMHI %'-VIUYMVIQIRXWQE]FIPIKEPP]FMRHMRK *SVGIW JSV HIWMKR{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{8LIJSPPS[MRKGLETXIVWSVWIGXMSRWSJ%'- WLSYPH FI JSPPS[IH JSV XLI HIWMKR EWTIGXW IRYQIVEXIH except as otherwise modified in this guide. )JJIGXMZI TVIWXVIWW{7IGXMSR 8LI EZIVEKI GSRGVIXI WXVIWWHYIXSTVIWXVIWWMRKEJXIVPSWWIWMWPMQMXIHXSEVERKISJ XSTWM XS14E *PI\YVI{'LETXIV JSV RSRTVIWXVIWWIH TERIPW ERH 'LETXIVJSVTVIWXVIWWIHTERIPW6IUYMVIQIRXWSJ7IGXMSR JSVHIITFIEQWETTP]VIKEVHPIWWSJ[LIXLIVXLIQIQFIV MWTVIWXVIWWIHSVRSRTVIWXVIWWIH 7LIEV{'LETXIV JSV FSXL TVIWXVIWWIH ERH RSRTVI WXVIWWIHTERIPW &IEVMRK{7IGXMSRWERH 'SQFMRIHFIRHMRKERHE\MEPPSEH{7IGXMSR 'SQFMRIHFIRHMRKERHE\MEPPSEH +IRIVEP{%PPJSVGIWPMWXIHMR7IGXMSRWLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH MR HIWMKRMRK [EPP TERIPW JSV GSQFMRIH FIRHMRKERHE\MEPPSEH%PWSXLIIJJIGXWSJWIGSRHEV]JSVGIW caused by deflection, variable moment of inertia, stiffness, ERH HYVEXMSR SJ PSEH WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH %\MEP JSVGIW FIRHMRK QSQIRXW ERH WLIEV JSVGIW WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH JVSQEREREP]WMWSJXLIWXVYGXYVI'SRWMHIVEXMSRWSJQIQFIV XVERWPEXMSRNSMRXXVERWPEXMSRSVFSXLWLSYPHFIGSRWMHIVIH MR XLI EREP]WMW -R TPEGI SJ XLI EJSVIQIRXMSRIH TVSGIHYVI GSQTVIWWMSRQIQFIVHIWMKRQE]FIFEWIHSRXLIETTVS\M QEXITVSGIHYVIWKMZIRMR7IGXMSR %TTVS\MQEXI IZEPYEXMSR SJ WPIRHIVRIWW IJJIGX{ 4VSGIHYVIWHIWGVMFIHMR7IGXMSRSJ%'-WLSYPH FIJSPPS[IHJSVHIXIVQMRMRKXLIYRWYTTSVXIHPIRKXLIJJIG XMZIPIRKXLERHVEHMYWSJK]VEXMSRSJTVIGEWX[EPPTERIPW E 7PIRHIVRIWW IJJIGXW QE] FI RIKPIGXIH MJ WPIRHIVRIWW GSRJSVQWXS7IGXMSRSVSJ%'- *SV GSQTVIWWMSR QIQFIVW [MXL WPIRHIVRIWW O YV KVIEXIV XLER ER EREP]WMW EGGSVHMRK XS 7IGXMSR SJ XLMW KYMHIWLSYPHFIQEHI

(b) The magnified moment for design of a compres WMSR QIQFIV WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH EGGSVHMRK XS 7IGXMSR SJ%'- G *SV TVIGEWX [EPP TERIPW GSRWMHIVIH XS FI VIMRJSVGIH GSRGVIXIGSQTVIWWMSRQIQFIVWF]XLIWIVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW XLI TVSZMWMSRW SJ 7IGXMSR SJ %'- GER FI YWIHMRWXIEHSJEQSVIEGGYVEXIEREP]WMW H *SV TVIGEWX [EPP TERIPW GSRWMHIVIH XSFI TVIWXVIWWIH GSRGVIXIGSQTVIWWMSRQIQFIVWF]XLIWIVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW XLITVSZMWMSRWSJ7IGXMSRSJXLI4'-(IWMKR,ERHFSSO 120 GER FI YWIH MRWXIEH SJ E QSVI EGGYVEXI EREP]WMW (e) An equivalent uniform bending moment factor, defined MREGGSVHERGI[MXL7IGXMSRSJ%'-WLSYPHFI GSRWMHIVIHJSVTVIGEWX[EPPTERIPWFVEGIHEKEMRWXWMHIW[E] ERH[MXLSYXXVERWZIVWIPSEHFIX[IIRWYTTSVXW J 8LI QMRMQYQ IGGIRXVMGMX] EGGSVHMRK XS 7IGXMSRW ERHSJ%'-EWETTVSTVMEXIWLSYPHFI GSRWMHIVIHJSVTVIGEWX[EPPTERIPW[LIRRSFIRHMRKQSQIRX SGGYVWEXIMXLIVIRHSJXLITERIP 6IMRJSVGIQIRX{4VIGEWX[EPPTERIPWEVIRSXVIUYMVIH XSLEZIPEXIVEPLSSTSVWTMVEPVIMRJSVGIQIRXYRPIWWEREP]WMW MRHMGEXIWXLMWVIMRJSVGIQIRXMWVIUYMVIH 0MQMXW SJ VIMRJSVGIQIRX JSV TVIGEWX [EPP TERIPW WLSYPH GSRJSVQXS7IGXMSRWERHSJ%'- 8[S[E] VIMRJSVGIQIRX MW RSX VIUYMVIH JSV WSQI IWWIRXMEPP]SRI[E]TERIPWWYGLEWLSPPS[GSVITERIPW {)JJIGXMZIHMQIRWMSRW )JJIGXMZIXLMGORIWW +IRIVEP{8LI IJJIGXMZI TERIP XLMGORIWW JSV HIWMKRQE]FIHMJJIVIRXJVSQXLIXSXEPTERIPXLMGORIWW8LI JSPPS[MRK WIGXMSRW I\TPEMR LS[ XS HIXIVQMRI XLI IJJIGXMZI XLMGORIWW JSV HIWMKR TYVTSWIW ERH *MK E XLVSYKL G TVSZMHIXLIKIRIVEPGLEVEGXIVMWXMGWSJXLIZEVMSYW IJJIGXMZIXLMGORIWWIW %VGLMXIGXYVEP JEGIH TERIPW{8LI IJJIGXMZI XLMGO RIWW SJ E [EPP TERIP [MXL ER MRXIKVEP I\TSWIH EKKVIKEXI WYVJEGI WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH F] WYFXVEGXMRK XLI HITXL SJ EKKVIKEXIVIZIEPJVSQXLIXSXEPTERIPXLMGORIWWMJXLIHITXL SJEKKVIKEXIVIZIEPI\GIIHWTIVGIRXSJXLIXSXEPXLMGORIWW 8LIIJJIGXMZIXLMGORIWWSJE[EPPTERIP[MXLERSRGSQTSWMXI JEGMRKWLSYPHRSXMRGPYHIXLIWITEVEXIJEGMRKXLMGORIWW 7SPMHLSPPS[GSVIERHVMFFIHTERIPW{)JJIGXMZI TERIPXLMGORIWWWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHF])U

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3

12I g b

[LIVI -KMWXLIYRGVEGOIHQSQIRXSJMRIVXMEEGGSYRXMRKJSV ZSMHWSVVMFWMJXLI]I\MWX 7ERH[MGL TERIPW{)JJIGXMZI XLMGORIWW SJ EWERH [MGL TERIP QE] FI EWWYQIH IUYMZEPIRX XS XLI IJJIGXMZI XLMGORIWWSJXLIX[S[]XLIWTPYWMRWYPEXMSRSRP]MJQIGLER MGEPWLIEVGSRRIGXSVWGETEFPISJHIZIPSTMRKJYPPGSQTSWMXI EGXMSREVIYWIHXSGSRRIGXXLIMRXIVMSVERHI\XIVMSV[]XLIW -R WYGL GEWIW XLI IJJIGXMZI XLMGORIWW QE] FI HIXIVQMRIH JVSQ)U


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

*MK G {)JJIGXMZIXLMGORIWWSJWERH[MGLTERIPW

*MK E zz)JJIGXMZI XLMGORIWW SJ EVGLMXIGXYVEPJEGIH TERIPW

*MK F {)JJIGXMZIXLMGORIWWSJWSPMHLSPPS[GSVISV VMFFIHTERIPW -J XLI MRWYPEXMSR GSVI MW GIPPYPEV PMKLX[IMKLX GSRGVIXI SV PMKLX[IMKLX GSRGVIXI QEHI [MXL QMRIVEP EKKVIKEXIW XLI WLIEVXVERWJIVXLVSYKLXLIMRWYPEXMSRGSVIWLSYPHRSXI\GIIH XLIWLIEVEPPS[IHF]XLIWXVIRKXLSJXLIMRWYPEXMRKGSRGVIXI GSVI ;LIR SRP] TEVXMEP GSQTSWMXI EGXMSR FIX[IIR []XLIW I\MWXW ERH PSEHMRKW EVI JVSQ PEXIVEP JSVGIW SV PSRKXIVQ WYWXEMRIH PSEHW XLI X[S []XLIW WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH EW WITEVEXI QIQFIVW YRPIWW XIWXMRK MW GSRHYGXIH XS ZIVMJ] TERIPFILEZMSV6IJIVXS7IGXMSRJSVPMQMXEXMSRWSRXLI QE\MQYQWPIRHIVRIWWVEXMSSJXLIPSEHFIEVMRK[]XLI

4ERIPWSJMVVIKYPEVWLETI{4ERIPWRSXGSRJSVQMRK to the configurations listed in this section may have the IJJIGXMZIXLMGORIWWHIXIVQMRIHF]EREP]WMWSVXIWXMRKFEWIH SRGVEGOMRKQSQIRX )JJIGXMZI[MHXL{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{0MQMXMRKHMQIRWMSRW +IRIVEP{0MQMXMRK HMQIRWMSRW JSV TVIGEWX [EPP TERIPWWLSYPHFIFEWIHSRVIUYMVIQIRXWSJGSRGVIXITPEGI QIRXTVSXIGXMSRSJTVIWXVIWWIHERHRSRTVIWXVIWWIHVIMRJSVGI ment, fire resistance, member and local stability, deflection, LERHPMRKXVERWTSVXEXMSRERHGSRGVIXIGVEGOMRK (MWXERGI FIX[IIR WYTTSVXW{7TEGMRK SJ PEXIVEP supports for a precast wall panel loaded in flexure only should RSXI\GIIHXMQIWXLIIJJIGXMZI[MHXLSJXLIGSQTVIWWMSR flange or face. The maximum slenderness O YVSJETVIGEWX [EPPTERIPWLSYPHRSXI\GIIH7TEGMRKFIX[IIRPEXIVEP WYTTSVXWSJETVIGEWXTERIPGEVV]MRKE\MEPPSEHERHFIRHMRK QSQIRXWLSYPHRSXI\GIIHXMQIWXLIIJJIGXMZI[MHXLSJ the compression face or flange for stemmed sections. Lateral FVEGMRKWLSYPHFIEXXEGLIHXSXLIGSQTVIWWMSRVIKMSRSJXLI QIQFIVGVSWWWIGXMSRRIIHMRKPEXIVEPWYTTSVXYRPIWWMXGER be shown that other portions of the cross section have suffi GMIRXWXMJJRIWWXSFVEGIXLIQIQFIV {7IVZMGIEFMPMX] +IRIVEP{The action of service loads on deflec XMSRWTIVTIRHMGYPEVERHTEVEPPIPXSXLI[EPPTERIPWLSYPHFI GSRWMHIVIH *EXMKYI MQTEGX GVEGOMRK ERH MRTPERI PEXIVEP


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

8EFPI 1IQFIVX]TI

0SEHFIEVMRKTVIGEWX[EPPTERIPW

Deflection to be considered

Deflection limitation

Immediate deflection due to combined effects of prestress (if any), WIPJ[IMKLXERHWYTIVMQTSWIHHIEHPSEH

FYXRSXKVIEXIVXLERMR QQ

Immediate deflection due to live load, in. (mm).


2SRPSEHFIEVMRK TVIGEWX [EPP TERIP That part of the total deflection after the installation of the non-loadIPIQIRXW PMOIP] XS FI HEQEKIH F] bearing element (sum of long-time deflection due to all sustained loads large deflection and the immediate deflection due to live load).

WXEFMPMX]EXWIVZMGIPSEHGSRHMXMSRWWLSYPHFIEGGSYRXIHJSV MRHIWMKR Computed permissible deflections—4VIGEWX[EPPTERIP HMQIRWMSRWWLSYPHFIGLSWIRWSXLEXYRHIVWIVZMGIPSEHGSRHM tions, deflection of any point on the panel measured from its SVMKMREPTSWMXMSRWLSYPHRSXI\GIIHXLIPMQMXWKMZIRMR8EFPI 3.5.2. In calculating deflection, nonlinear behavior of the QEXIVMEPWWXVYGXYVEPQIQFIVSVFSXLWLSYPHFIVIGSKRMÎH 'VEGOMRK %GGITXEFMPMX] SJ GVEGOMRK{4VIGEWX [EPP TERIPW X]TMGEPP]YRHIVKSPIWWGVEGOMRKXLERGEWXMRTPEGIGSRGVIXI FYXXLI]EVIRSXKIRIVEPP]GVEGOJVII'SQTYXEXMSRWFEWIHSR GYVVIRX IRKMRIIVMRK TVEGXMGIEWWYQI XLEX GVEGOW [MPP SGGYV MREGSRGVIXIQIQFIVIZIRXLSYKLXLI]QE]RSXFIZMWMFPI XSXLIREOIHI]I-XMWXLIGSRXVSPERHEGGITXEFMPMX]SJXLIWI GVEGOW XLEX WLSYPH FI IZEPYEXIH ;EPP TERIPW GSRXEMRMRK GVEGOWYTXSMR QQ [MHIWLSYPHFIEGGITXEFPI Crack size limitations are specified for structural reasons. %HHMXMSREPKYMHERGISRGVEGOMRKERHMXWGEYWIWGERFIJSYRH MRXLI4'-1204'-1204'-120 4'-120%'-6ERH%'-6 %IWXLIXMGGVEGOWMÎPMQMXEXMSRHITIRHWSRWYVJEGIXI\XYVI ERHVIUYMVIHETTIEVERGI3RGSEVWIXI\XYVIHWYVJEGIWWYGL EW I\TSWIH EKKVIKEXI GSRGVIXI ERH SR WQSSXL WYVJEGIW GSQTEVEFPIXSXLIFIWXGEWXMRTPEGIWXVYGXYVEPGSRGVIXIXLI WXVYGXYVEPPMQMXEXMSR[SYPHFIEIWXLIXMGEPP]EGGITXEFPI2SXI EPWSXLEXGVEGOW[MPPFIGSQIQSVITVSRSYRGIHSRWYVJEGIW receiving a sandblasted or acid-etched finish. Cracks in precast concrete panels may be classified as hair PMRIGPIEZEKISVJVEGXYVIGVEGOW ,EMVPMRI GVEGOW EVI WYVJEGI GVEGOW SJ QMRYXI [MHXL visible but not measurable without magnification. 'PIEZEKIGVEGOWEVIGVEGOWRSXSZIVMR QQ [MHIXLEXMRXLINYHKQIRXSJXLIMRWTIGXSVTIRIXVEXIEX PIEWXXSXLITPERISJXLIRIEVIWXVIMRJSVGMRKWXIIP *VEGXYVIW EVI XSXEP GPIEZEKIW SJ QIEWYVEFPI [MHXL XLVSYKL[LMGL[EXIVQE]TEWWJVIIP] 'VE^MRK GSRWMWXW SJ LEMVPMRI GVEGOW MR ER ETTVS\MQEXI LI\EKSREP SV SGXEKSREP TEXXIVR SR XLI GSRGVIXI WYVJEGI 8LIWI GER SGGYV MR QER] TERIPW FYX XLI] EVI RSX VIEHMP] ZMWMFPIMRI\TSWIHEKKVIKEXIWYVJEGIWSV[LIRXLIGSRGVIXIMW dark. They are most apparent on white panels, flat surfaces, and smooth finishes. Crazing is of little structural impor XERGI ERH WLSYPH RSX FI GEYWI JSV VINIGXMSR -J TERIPW EVI XSFIMRWXEPPIHMRERIRZMVSRQIRXXLEXQE]FIXLIWSYVGISJ GSRWMHIVEFPI WSMPMRK MX QE] FI EHZMWEFPI XS EZSMH WQSSXL concrete finishes to render potential crazing less visible.


'VEGOTVIZIRXMSRERHGSRXVSP{Significant reduc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is more like that of a two-way slab, flexural reinforcement VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ 7IGXMSR SJ %'- QE] PIEH XS GVEGO[MHXLW[MHIVXLERI\TIGXIH*SVMRJSVQEXMSRSRGVEGO VITEMVVIJIVXS%'-6 Limit on flexural tension—*SV GSRZIRXMSREPP] VIMRJSVGIH ERH TVIWXVIWWIH [EPP TERIPW [LIVI XLI I\TSWIH WYVJEGIMWXSVIQEMRJVIISJHMWGIVRMFPIGVEGOWXLIQE\MQYQ flexural tension in the member under loads produced by WXVMTTMRK LERHPMRK XVERWTSVXEXMSR MQTEGX ERH PMZI PSEH 5

c IJJIGXWWLSYPHFIPIWWXLER 8LIXIRWMPIWXVIRKXLZEPYI of concrete should be modified according to Section 11.2 of %'-MJPMKLX[IMKLXEKKVIKEXIGSRGVIXIMWYWIH

{'SRRIGXMSRW +IRIVEP{;EPP TERIP YRMXW WLSYPH FI WEJIP] ERH EHIUYEXIP] WIEXIH ERH ERGLSVIH F] QIGLERMGEP QIERW GETEFPI SJ WYWXEMRMRK EPP PSEHW ERH WXVIWWIW XLEX QE] FI ETTPMIH XS XLI [EPP TERIP MRGPYHMRK TSWMXMZI SV RIKEXMZI [MRH TVIWWYVIW ERH WIMWQMG JSVGIW [LIVI VIUYMVIH F] %'- ;LIRIZIVTSWWMFPITERIPWWLSYPHFIGSRGIRXVMGEPP] WYTTSVXIHXSEZSMHFS[MRKERH[EVTMRKHYIXSWXVIWWHMJJIV IRXMEPFIX[IIRMRWMHIERHSYXWMHIJEGIWSJXLITERIP ;LIRXLI[EPPTERIPMWHIWMKRIHXSWIVZIEWEWXVYGXYVEP QIQFIVMXQE]FIVIUYMVIHXSGEVV]MQTSWIHZIVXMGEPPSEHW VIWMWXFIRHMRKERHWLIEV SXLIVXLERXLEXGEYWIHF]MXWS[R [IMKLX ERH ZSPYQIXVMG GLERKIW SV MX QE] FIHIWMKRIH XS JYRGXMSR EW E WLIEV [EPP ;LIR [EPP TERIPW EVI HIWMKRIH XSXVERWQMXPSEHJVSQSRIXSERSXLIVGSRWMHIVEXMSRWLSYPH FIKMZIRXS XLI EHHMXMSREP PSEHW VIUYMVIH JSV HIWMKR SJXLI GSRRIGXMSR W 'SRGITXW JSV HIWMKR SJ GSRRIGXMSRW JSV TVIGEWX[EPPTERIPWQE]FIJSYRHMR4'-120ERH 4'-120


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

*MK{(IWMKRSJ[EXIVHVMTMRVIPEXMSRXSWPSTI

4ERIPQSZIQIRX{;EPPTERIPGSRRIGXMSREWWIQFPMIW WLSYPHFIHIWMKRIHXSEPPS[JSVTERIPQSZIQIRXMRHYGIHF] XIQTIVEXYVISVGEYWIHF]ZSPYQIXVMGGLERKIMRXLIGSRGVIXI QSMWXYVIHMJJIVIRXMEPGVIITMRTVIWXVIWWIHTERIPWERHHMJJIV IRXMEP QSZIQIRXSVHVMJXFIX[IIRFYMPHMRK JVEQI ERH [EPP TERIPYRMXW(IWMKRKYMHERGIHIWMKRJSVXLIWIGSRHMXMSRWGER FIJSYRHMR4'-120ERH+E]PSVHIXEP &IEVMRK WIEXW{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{'SRGVIXI LEYRGLIW YWIH XS TSWMXMZIP] WIEXTERIPWWLSYPHGSRJSVQXSWLIEVVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ7IGXMSR SJ %'- ERH WLSYPH FI HIWMKRIH JSV IGGIRXVMG PSEHMRKERHGSQFMRIHWLIEVFIRHMRKXIRWMSRERHFIEVMRK WXVIWWIW 8LI IJJIGX SJ IGGIRXVMGMX] [LMGL GEYWIW TERIP deflection, should be considered in the design of panel VIMRJSVGIQIRX 4ERIPMRWIVXW{8LIHIWMKRSJ[EPPTERIPMRWIVXWXLEX EVI TEVX SJ E GSRRIGXMSR EWWIQFP] WLSYPH FI FEWIH SR XLI

PSEHJEGXSVWERHWXVIRKXLVIHYGXMSRJEGXSVW JEGXSVW WTIGM fied in Sections D.4.4 and D.4.5 of ACI 318-08. Connec XMSRWWLSYPHRSXFIXLI[IEOPMROMRETVIGEWXW]WXIQ-RWIVXW WLSYPHLEZIEWEJIX]JEGXSVGSRWMWXIRX[MXLXLIMRWIVXQERY JEGXYVIVvWVIGSQQIRHEXMSR *MVIVIWMWXERGI{;EPPTERIPGSRRIGXMSRWWLSYPHFI fireproofed to have minimum fire resistance equivalent to XLEXVIUYMVIHF]PSGEPGSHIJSVXLI[EPPTERIPW ;IPHHIWMKR{4SXIRXMEPVIPEXMZIQSZIQIRXFIX[IIR XLITERIPERHWYTTSVXMRKWXVYGXYVEPJVEQISVEHNEGIRXTERIPW WLSYPHFIMRZIWXMKEXIH[LIRHIWMKRMRK[IPHW8LIIJJIGXWSJ TSWWMFPIGSRGVIXIGVEGOMRKHYIXS[IPHMRKLIEXSRXLITVIGEWX TERIPSVMXWWYTTSVXMRKGSRGVIXIJVEQIWLSYPHFIGSRWMHIVIH MRXLIHIWMKRSJXLIGSRRIGXMSREWWIQFP] {%VGLMXIGXYVEPJIEXYVIW (VMT HIXEMPW{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


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

HVMTW ERH E WIGSRH HVMT SV KYXXIV WIVZIW EW E HYEP PMRI SJ HIJIRWIEKEMRWXWPS[[EXIVVYRSJJ8LMWGERFIEGGSQTPMWLIH F]LEZMRKEGEWXMRHVMTMRXLITERIPSVF]YWMRKSJEPYQMRYQ SVRISTVIRII\XVYWMSRWEGVSWWXLI[MRHS[LIEH[LMGLLEZI IMXLIVERMRXIKVEPKYXXIVSVERI\XIRHIHHVMTPMTSJEXPIEWX MR QQ *MK .SMRX WMÎ ERH PSGEXMSR{.SMRXW FIX[IIR TVIGEWX TERIPWSVTERIPWERHEHNEGIRXFYMPHMRKQEXIVMEPWWLSYPHFI [MHIIRSYKLXSEGGSQQSHEXIERXMGMTEXIHTERIPERHFYMPHMRK QSZIQIRXW 2S NSMRX WLSYPH IZIV FI HIWMKRIH XS FI PIWW XLER\MR \QQ 4EVXMGYPEVGEVIWLSYPHFI KMZIRXSNSMRXXSPIVERGIWWSXLINSMRXWIEPERXW]WXIQTIVJSVQW [MXLMRMXWHIWMKRGETEGMXMIW*SVSTXMQYQTIVJSVQERGIERH QE\MQYQ WIEPERX PMJI VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW SJ XLI WIEPERX QERYJEGXYVIVWLSYPHFIJSPPS[IH 4ERIPWPIWWXLERJX Q PSRKQE]LEZIMR QQ NSMRXWFYXEPPSXLIVTERIPWWLSYPHLEZIEXPIEWXMR QQ NSMRXW 'SVRIV NSMRXW WLSYPH FI EX PIEWX MR QQ XS EGGSQQSHEXI I\XVE QSZIQIRX ERH FS[MRK XLEX SGGYVWXLIVI.SMRX [MHXLWPIWW XLER SV IUYEP XSMR QQ EVIRSXVIGSQQIRHIHJSVER]WIEPERXMRWXEPPEXMSR;LIR NSMRXWEVIXSSREVVS[EHNEGIRXTERIPWSVFYMPHMRKQEXIVMEPW QE]GSRXEGXIEGLSXLIVERHFIWYFNIGXIHXSMRHYGIHPSEHMRK HMWXSVXMSRGVEGOMRKERHGVYWLMRKSJIRHW ',%48)6{830)6%2')7 {+IRIVEP 4VIGEWXWXVYGXYVIWWLSYPHFIHIWMKRIHERHHIXEMPIHWSXLEX XLIGSQTPIXIWXVYGXYVI[MPPFIWEJIJYRGXMSREPEIWXLIXMGEPP] ETTIEPMRK ERH IGSRSQMGEP 2S WXVYGXYVI MW I\EGXP] PIZIP TPYQFERHWXVEMKLXWSEPPGSRWXVYGXMSRERHQEXIVMEPWWLSYPH be specified with tolerances limiting deviation from design ZEPYIW8LIWIXSPIVERGIWVIUYMVIQSRMXSVMRKXSGSRWXVYGXXLI WXVYGXYVI EW HIWMKRIH +IRIVEP GSRWXVYGXMSR XSPIVERGIW JSV GEWXMRTPEGIERHTVIGEWXGSRGVIXILEZIFIIRWYQQEVMÎHMR %'--8+ERH4'-1208LMWGLETXIV presents tolerances specifically applicable to precast concrete [EPPTERIPW8LVIIXSPIVERGIKVSYTWWLSYPHFIIWXEFPMWLIHEW TEVXSJTVIGEWXGSRGVIXI[EPPTERIPHIWMKR;EPPTERIPWERH XLIMVGSQTSRIRXHIXEMPWWLSYPHGSRJSVQXS 4VSHYGXXSPIVERGIW 7IGXMSR -RWXEPPEXMSRXSPIVERGIW 7IGXMSR -RXIVJEGMRKXSPIVERGIW 7IGXMSR ;LIRXSPIVERGIW EVI YRHIVWXSSHERHTVSZMHIHJSVMR XLI HIWMKRWXEKIHIXIVQMRMRKERHWTIGMJ]MRKXLIQMWIEWMIV8LI TVIGEWXIVGSRWXVYGXSVERHIVIGXSVWLSYPHYRHIVWXERHXLIWI EPPS[ERGIWXSGSRWXVYGXXLIWXVYGXYVIEWHIWMKRIH {6IEWSRWJSVXSPIVERGIW 8SPIVERGIWEVIRIIHIHJSVTVSHYGXMRWXEPPEXMSRERHMRXIV JEGMRKJSVXLIJSPPS[MRKVIEWSRW 7XVYGXYVEP GSRWMHIVEXMSRW{XS IRWYVI WXVYGXYVEP HIWMKR EGGSYRXW JSV JEGXSVW WIRWMXMZI XS ZEVMEXMSRW MR HMQIR WMSREP GSRXVSP )\EQTPIW MRGPYHI IGGIRXVMG PSEHMRK FIEVMRKEVIEWLEVH[EVIERHLEVH[EVIERGLSVEKIPSGE XMSRWERHPSGEXMSRWSJVIMRJSVGMRKSVTVIWXVIWWMRKWXIIP 4IVJSVQERGI{XS IRWYVI EGGITXEFPI TIVJSVQERGI SJ joints and interfacing materials in the finished structure.

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F 1IQFIVGERFIFVSYKLX[MXLMRXSPIVERGIF]WXVYGXYV EPP]ERHEVGLMXIGXYVEPP]WEXMWJEGXSV]QIERW (c) Total erected assembly can be modified to meet all WXVYGXYVEPERHEVGLMXIGXYVEPVIUYMVIQIRXW {4VSHYGXXSPIVERGIWJSV[EPPTERIPW +IRIVEP{4VSHYGX XSPIVERGIWGSZIV XLIHMQIRWMSRW ERHHMQIRWMSREPVIPEXMSRWLMTWSJMRHMZMHYEPTVIGEWXGSRGVIXI QIQFIVW %PP XSPIVERGIW WLSYPH FI FEWIH SR E TVEGXMGEP HIKVII SJ EGGYVEG] [LMGL MW EGLMIZEFPI [LMPI WEXMWJ]MRK JYRGXMSREP ERH ETTIEVERGI VIUYMVIQIRXW ERH TVIZIRXMRK GSWXW JVSQ FIGSQMRK TVSLMFMXMZI 8LMW VIUYMVIW GSRWMHIV EXMSRSJXLIEQSYRXSJVITIXMXMSRXLIWMÎERHSXLIVGLEVEG XIVMWXMGWSJXLITVIGEWXQIQFIV *EFVMGEXMSR XSPIVERGIW EVI WXERHEVHMÎH XLVSYKLSYX XLI TVIGEWXMRHYWXV]ERHJSVIGSRSQMGVIEWSRWWLSYPHFIQEHI QSVI HIQERHMRK SRP] [LIVI EFWSPYXIP] RIGIWWEV] *SV example, bowing or warping tolerances for flat concrete panel members with a honed or polished finish might have XSFIHIGVIEWIHXS SJX]TMGEPXSPIVERGIWXSEZSMHNSMRX WLEHS[W;LIRHIWMKRHIXEMPWPIEHXSEREPMKRQIRXTVSFPIQ SV TVSZMHI MREHIUYEXI NSMRX WMÎ TVSHYGX XSPIVERGI QE] RIIH EHNYWXQIRX XS GSQTIRWEXI JSV NSMRX HIWMKR TVSFPIQW -RIWXEFPMWLMRKGEWXMRKXSPIVERGIWJSVTERIPWXLIJSPPS[MRK MXIQWWLSYPHFIGSRWMHIVIH 0IRKXL SV [MHXL HMQIRWMSRW ERH WXVEMKLXRIWW SJ XLI TVIGEWXIPIQIRX[MPPEJJIGXXLINSMRXHMQIRWMSRHMQIR WMSRW SJ STIRMRKW FIX[IIR TERIPW ERH TIVLETW XLI SZIVEPPWXVYGXYVIPIRKXL 3YXSJWUYEVI TERIPW GER GEYWI XETIVIH NSMRXW ERH make adjustment of adjacent panels extremely difficult. Sealant application difficulties due to tapered joints can PIEHXS[EXIVPIEOEKITVSFPIQW 8LMGORIWWZEVMEXMSRSJXLITVIGEWXYRMXFIGSQIWGVMXMGEP [LIRMRXIVMSVWYVJEGIWEVII\TSWIHXSZMI[%RSRYRM JSVQXLMGORIWWSJEHNEGIRXTERIPW[MPPGEYWISJJWIXWEX XLIJVSRXSVVIEVJEGIWSJXLITERIPW (MQIRWMSREP XSPIVERGIW{%VGLMXIGXYVEP TVIGEWX GSRGVIXITERIPWWLSYPHFIQERYJEGXYVIHERHMRWXEPPIHWSXLEX IEGLTERIPJEGII\TSWIHXSZMI[EJXIVMRWXEPPEXMSRGSQTPMIW [MXL XLI HMQIRWMSREP VIUYMVIQIRXW WLS[R MR -8+ 8EFPIWERHMR-8+EPWSPMWXXLITSWMXMSRXSPIV ERGIJSVGEWXMRMXIQW[MXLMRXLITERIP8LIWIEVIJSVX]TMGEP KIRIVMGTERIPWERHXLIXSPIVERGIWQE]VIUYMVIEHNYWXQIRXJSV specific job conditions. Cast-in grooves, reglets, or lugs that EVI XS VIGIMZI KPE^MRK KEWOIXW WLSYPH FI LIPH GPSWI XS XLIMV GSVVIGXPSGEXMSR+EWOIXQERYJEGXYVIVWTPEGIVIWXVMGXMZIXSPIV ERGIWSRKVSSZI[MHXLERHWYVJEGIWQSSXLRIWWRIGIWWEV]XS SFXEMRETVSTIVQSMWXYVIWIEPSJXLIKEWOIX1MWEPMKRQIRXSJ VIKPIXWEXGSVRIVWSVGEWXMRKXLIQMRE[EVTIHSVVEGOIHTSWM XMSRVIWXVMGXWTVSTIVMRWXEPPEXMSRSJXLIKPE^MRKKEWOIX (MQIRWMSRXSPIVERGIW JSV WXERHEVH TVIGEWX VMFFIHTERIPW ERH LSPPS[GSVI WPEFW YWIH EW [EPP TERIPW EVI WLS[R MR 8EFPISJ-8+7XERHEVHMÎHVMFFIHERHLSPPS[GSVI members, typically used for roof and floor units, are also JVIUYIRXP]YWIHEW[EPPTERIPW8SPIVERGIWJSVXLIWIWXERHEVH MÎHWXVYGXYVEPYRMXWEVIKIRIVEPP]QSVIPMFIVEPXLERXLSWIJSV EVGLMXIGXYVEPTERIPW-JXLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXGERRSXEGGITX

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4ERIPHMQIRWMSRW

8EFPISJ-8+[LMGLWLS[WMRWXEPPEXMSRXSPIVERGIW JSVRSRWXVYGXYVEPEVGLMXIGXYVEP[EPPTERIPWEW[IPPEW8EFPI SJ -8+ [LMGL WLS[W MRWXEPPEXMSR XSPIVERGIW JSV WXVYGXYVEP[EPPTERIPW 'SRXVSPTSMRXWERHFIRGLQEVOW{8SIRWYVIEGGYVEXI ETTPMGEXMSRSJMRWXEPPEXMSRXSPIVERGIWXLIKIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSV WLSYPH IWXEFPMWL ERH QEMRXEMR EGGYVEXI GSRXVSP TSMRXW ERH benchmarks in areas that will remain undisturbed until final GSQTPIXMSRERHEGGITXERGISJETVSNIGX 8LIKIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSVWLSYPHTVSZMHIXLIIVIGXSV[MXLE building perimeter offset line at each floor approximately 2 ft (0.6 m) from the edge of the floor slab and benchmarks on EPPTIVMQIXIVGSPYQRW3JJWIXPMRIWERHFIRGLQEVOWWLSYPH be maintained until final completion and acceptance of the work. They may be scored into columns and floor slabs or WIXEWGLEPOPMRIWERHPEGUYIVIHJSVTVSXIGXMSR .SMRX TVSFPIQW{;MHXL ZEVMEXMSRW FIX[IIR EHNE GIRXNSMRXWGERFIQMRMQMÎ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site dimensions, a 3/4 in. (19 mm) joint may be specified [MXLEXSPIVERGISJMR QQ FYX[MXLSRP]EMR QQ HMJJIVIRXMEPEPPS[IHFIX[IIRNSMRX[MHXLWSRER] one floor, or between adjacent floors. ;LIVIENSMRXLEWXSQEXGLEREVGLMXIGXYVEPJIEXYVIWYGLEW JEPWINSMRXWEMR QQ ZEVMEXMSRJVSQXLIXLISVIXMGEP NSMRX [MHXL QE] RSX FI EGGITXEFPI ERH E XMKLXIV XSPIVERGI specified. Adjustment in building length will then have to be

EGGSQQSHEXIHEXXLIGSVRIVTERIPWSVMRNSMRXWEHNEGIRXXS SXLIV[EPPQEXIVMEP -JVIEWSREFPIXSPIVERGIWERHEHNYWXQIRXWEVIHIWMKRIHMRXS XLI GSRWXVYGXMSR HIXEMPW ERH EHLIVIH XS XLIIVIGXSV WLSYPH FIEFPIXS 1MRMQMÎ NSMRX MVVIKYPEVMXMIW WYGL EW XETIVIH NSMRXW TERIPIHKIWRSXTEVEPPIP 1MRMQMÎNSKWEXMRXIVWIGXMSRW 1MRMQMÎRSRYRMJSVQNSMRX[MHXLW 1EMRXEMRTVSTIVSTIRMRKHMQIRWMSRW 4VSTIVP]GSRWXVYGXEPPTVIGEWXGSRRIGXMSRW %PMKRZIVXMGEPJEGIWSJXLIYRMXWXSEZSMHSJJWIXW 4VIZIRXEGGYQYPEXMSRSJXSPIVERGIW 1SVITVIGMWIMRWXEPPEXMSRERHKIRIVEPETTIEVERGIMQTVSZI QIRXWEVIXLYWEGLMIZIH {-RXIVJEGMRKGSRWMHIVEXMSRW +IRIVEP{-RXIVJEGI XSPIVERGIW ERH GPIEVERGIW EVI XLSWI VIUYMVIH JSV NSMRMRK HMJJIVIRX QEXIVMEPW ERH EGGSQ QSHEXMRK XLI VIPEXMZI QSZIQIRXW FIX[IIR WYGL QEXIVMEPW HYVMRKXLIPMJISJXLIFYMPHMRK8LI]GSZIVTVSHYGXWMRWXEPPIH FIJSVITVIGEWXMRWXEPPEXMSRERHEJXIVXLITVIGEWXQIQFIVWEVI MR TPEGI 8LI IRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX WLSYPH TVSZMHI JSV TVSTIV GPIEVERGIW FIX[IIR XLI XLISVIXMGEP JEGI SJ XLI WXVYGXYVI ERH XLI FEGO JEGI SJ XLI TVIGEWX IPIQIRX 8LI JEGI SJ XLI WXVYGXYVI QE] FI TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI GEWXMRTPEGI GSRGVIXI QEWSRV] SV E WXVYGXYVEP WXIIP JVEQI %HNEGIRX QEXIVMEPW MRGPYHITVSHYGXWWYGLEWKPEWWSVWYFJVEQIWXLEXEVIMRWXEPPIH EJXIVTVIGEWXTERIPWEVIMRTPEGI'PIEVERGIWTEGITVSZMHIWE FYJJIV[LIVIMRWXEPPEXMSR TVSHYGXERHMRXIVJEGIXSPIVERGIW GERFIEFWSVFIH ;LIVI QEXGLMRK SJ XLI QERYJEGXYVIH QEXIVMEPW HITIRHW SR[SVOEXXLIGSRWXVYGXMSRWMXIMRXIVJEGIXSPIVERGIWWLSYPH IUYEP MRWXEPPEXMSR XSPIVERGIW ;LIVI I\IGYXMSR MW MRHITIR HIRXSJWMXI[SVOXSPIVERGIWWLSYPHGPSWIP]QEXGLXLIWXER HEVHXSPIVERGIWSJXLIQEXIVMEPWXSFINSMRIH*EFVMGEXMSRERH MRWXEPPEXMSRXSPIVERGIWSJSXLIVQEXIVMEPWWLSYPHFIGSRWMH IVIH MR HIWMKR 4VIGEWX IPIQIRXW WLSYPH FI GSSVHMREXIH [MXL ERH EGGSQQSHEXI XLI SXLIV WXVYGXYVEP ERH JYRGXMSREP IPIQIRXW GSQTVMWMRK XLI XSXEP WXVYGXYVI 9RYWYEP VIUYMVI QIRXWSVEPPS[ERGIWJSVMRXIVJEGMRKWLSYPHFIWXEXIHMRXLI GSRXVEGXHSGYQIRXW &YMPHMRK JVEQI XSPIVERGIW{-RWXEPPEXMSR XSPIVERGIW JSVTVIGEWXTERIPWEVIPEVKIP]HIXIVQMRIHF]XLIEGXYEPEPMKR QIRX ERH HMQIRWMSREP EGGYVEG] SJ XLI FYMPHMRK JSYRHE


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8EFPI {7YTTPIQIRXEV]XSPIVERGIWJSVGEWXMRTPEGIGSRGVIXIJVEQIWXS[LMGLTVIGEWXGSRGVIXI MWXSFIEXXEGLIH *SSXMRKWGEMWWSRGETWERHTMPIGETW Variation of bearing of surface from specified elevation

MR QQ

4MIVWGSPYQRWERH[EPPW

a. Variation in plan from straight lines parallel to specified linear building lines:

MRJX QQQ JSVEHNEGIRXQIQFIVWPIWWXLER JX Q ETEVXSVER][EPPSVFE]PIRKXLPIWWXLERJX MR QQ JSVEHNEGIRXQIQFIVWJX Q SVQSVI ETEVXSVER][EPPSVFE]PIRKXLJX Q SVQSVI MRJX QQQ JSVEHNEGIRXQIQFIVWPIWWXLER JX Q ETEVXSVER][EPPSVFE]PIRKXLPIWWXLERJX

b. Variation in elevation from lines parallel to specified grade lines:

MR QQ JSVEHNEGIRXQIQFIVWJX Q SVQSVI ETEVXSVER][EPPSVFE]PIRKXLJX Q SVQSVI

%RGLSVFSPXW MR QQ ERHMR Q FSPXWMR QQ a. Variation from specified location in plan:

MR QQ MR QQ ERHMR QQ FSPXW MR QQ MR QQ MR QQ ERHMR QQ FSPXW MR QQ

F:EVMEXMSRGIRXIVXSGIRXIVSJER]X[SFSPXW[MXLERERGLSVFSPXKVSYT

MR QQ

c. Variation from specified elevation:

MR QQ

H%RGLSVFSPXTVSNIGXMSR

zMRMR zQQQQ

I4PYQFRIWWSJERGLSVFSPXTVSNIGXMSR

MRJX QQQ

XMSRERHJVEQI8LIKIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSVMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVXLI TPYQFRIWW PIZIPRIWW ERH EPMKRQIRX SJ XLI JSYRHEXMSR ERH WXVYGXYVEPJVEQIMRGPYHMRKXLIPSGEXMSRSJEPPFIEVMRKWYVJEGIW ERH ERGLSVEKIW JSV TVIGEWX TVSHYGXW 'SRXVSPPMRK JSYRHE XMSR ERH FYMPHMRK JVEQI XSPIVERGIW MW SJ GVMXMGEP MQTSVXERGI ERHXLIWIXSPIVERGIWWLSYPHFIMRGPYHIHMRXLIGSRXVEGXHSGY QIRXW8SMRWXEPPTVIGEWXIPIQIRXWTPYQFWUYEVIERHXVYIXLI EGXYEPPSGEXMSRSJWYVJEGIWEJJIGXMRKXLIEPMKRQIRXSJTVIGEWX IPIQIRXWWLSYPHFIORS[RFIJSVIMRWXEPPEXMSR8LIPIZIPWSJ floor slabs and beams, vertical alignment of floor slab edges, ERHXLITPYQFRIWWSJGSPYQRWSV[EPPWWLSYPHFIGSRWMHIVIH 'SRGVIXIGEWXMRTPEGIJVEQIWXS[LMGLTVIGEWXIPIQIRXW EVIEXXEGLIHWLSYPHQIIXXLIXSPIVERGIWMR8EFPIERH XLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ%'-ERH%'- Variations in floor heights are greater and more prevalent MR GEWXMRTPEGI WXVYGXYVIW XLER MR SXLIV WXVYGXYVEP JVEQIW 8LMWEJJIGXWXLIEPMKRQIRXSJTVIGEWXMRWIVX[MXLXLIGEWXMR TPEGIGSRRIGXMSRHIZMGI 8SPIVERGIW JSV GEWXMRTPEGI WXVYGXYVIW QE] LEZI XS be increased to reflect local trade practices, structure GSQTPI\MX] ERH IRZMVSRQIRXEP GSRHMXMSRW -R *MK SJ -8+ MRWXEPPEXMSR XSPIVERGIW JSV FIEQW ERH WTERHVIPW are shown, specifically precast element to precast element, TVIGEWX XS GEWXMRTPEGIGSRGVIXI ERH QEWSRV] ERH TVIGEWX XSWXIIPJVEQI 1M\IH GSRWXVYGXMSR{%'- ETTPMIW SRP] XS VIMRJSVGIHGSRGVIXIERHQEWSRV]FYMPHMRKWERH%-7' SRP]XSWXIIPFYMPHMRKJVEQIW8SPIVERGIWMRXLIWIWXERHEVHW HS RSX ETTP] XS FYMPHMRKW SJ QM\IH GSRWXVYGXMSR WYGL EW concrete floor slabs carried by steel beams or concreteIRGEWIHWXVYGXYVEPWXIIPQIQFIVW3FZMSYWP]XLIPSGEXMSRSJ XLIJEGISJXLIGSRGVIXISRERIRGEWIHWXIIPQIQFIVERHXLI

PSGEXMSRSJXLIWXIIPQIQFIVMXWIPJEVIFSXLGVMXMGEP&IGEYWI XLIEPMKRQIRXSJQM\IHGSRWXVYGXMSRQIQFIVWERHIRGEWIH QIQFIVW MW RSX GSRXVSPPIH F] VIJIVIRGMRK XLI EJSVIQIR XMSRIHWXERHEVHWXLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXWLSYPHVIUYMVIXLEX XLIPSGEXMSRSJEPPWYGLQEXIVMEPWGSRXMKYSYWXSXLITVIGEWX YRMXFIGSRXVSPPIH[MXLMRWXEXIHPMQMXW3RIVIGSQQIRHEXMSR is that tolerances be no more than those specified in ACI JSV VIMRJSVGIH GSRGVIXI FYMPHMRKW ;LIR XLIVI MW HSYFXEWXSXLIPIZIPSJQM\IHGSRWXVYGXMSRXSPIVERGIWXLI TVIGEWXGSRGVIXIQERYJEGXYVIVQE]FIGSRWYPXIHJSVEHZMGI 7XIIP FYMPHMRK JVEQIW{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possible deflections and rotation of structural members WYTTSVXMRKTVIGEWXGSRGVIXI8LMWMWTEVXMGYPEVP]MQTSVXERXJSV FIEVMRKSRWPIRHIVSVGERXMPIZIVIHWXVYGXYVEPQIQFIVW-JJVEQI deflection is sensitive to location or eccentricity of the connec XMSRXSPIVERGIWJSVPSGEXMSRSVIGGIRXVMGMX]WLSYPHFIKMZIR 'SRWMHIVEXMSR WLSYPH FI KMZIR XS MRMXMEP ERH PSRKXIVQ deflections caused by creep of the supporting structural


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ÎH LSPIWJSV W[E] MR XEPP WPIRHIV WXIIP WXVYGXYVIW [MXL YRIZIR PSEHMRK and for deflections due to thermal effects. (IWMKRWWLSYPHTVSZMHIJSVZIVXMGEPEHNYWXQIRXSJTVIGEWX GSRGVIXITERIPWWYTTSVXIHF]XLIWXIIPJVEQI%REGGYQYPE XMSRSJE\MEPWLSVXIRMRKSJE\MEPP]PSEHIHWXIIPGSPYQRW[MPP result in the unstressed panels supported at each floor level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{'PIEVERGIWERHXSPIVERGIWJSV GSRWXVYGXMFMPMX] 7YKKIWXIH QMRMQYQ GPIEVERGIW{'PIEVERGI SV interface space between members, should be specified to JEGMPMXEXIGSRWXVYGXMSR7YKKIWXIHQMRMQYQGPIEVERGIWEVI &IX[IIRTVIGEWXTERIPWERHEHNEGIRXTVIGEWXQIQFIVW{ MR QQ &IX[IIR TVIGEWX TERIPW ERH GEWXMRTPEGI GSRGVIXI{ MR QQ FYXMR QQ MWTVIJIVVIH &IX[IIRTVIGEWXTERIPWERHWXIIPJVEQI{MR QQ &IX[IIRTVIGEWXTERIPWERHXLIJVEQISJXEPPMVVIKYPEV WXVYGXYVIW{MR QQ &IX[IIR TVIGEWX GSPYQR GPEHHMRK ERH GSPYQR{ MR QQ FYXMR QQ MWTVIJIVVIH -J GPIEVERGIW EVI TVEGXMGEPP] EWWIWWIH XLI] [MPP WSPZI QER]XSPIVERGITVSFPIQW8LIRSQMREPGPIEVERGIHMQIRWMSR WLS[RSRXLIMRWXEPPEXMSRHVE[MRKWWLSYPHIUYEPXLIEGXYEP GPIEVERGIVIUYMVIHTPYWXLISYX[EVHXSPIVERGITIVQMXXIHJSV XLIEHNEGIRXWXVYGXYVEPJVEQI2SQMREPGPIEVERGIWWLSYPHFI HIXIVQMRIHSRXLIEWWYQTXMSRXLEXXLIWXVYGXYVEPJVEQI[MPP FIEWJEVSYXSJTSWMXMSRMRXLI[VSRKHMVIGXMSREWEPPS[IH 'SRRIGXMSRWWLSYPHFIHIWMKRIHXSEGGSQQSHEXIGPIEVERGI TPYWMR[EVHXSPIVERGI

'SRRIGXMSRTVSFPIQW{'SRRIGXMSRWWLSYPHLEZIXLI QE\MQYQEHNYWXEFMPMX]XLEXMWWXVYGXYVEPP]SVEVGLMXIGXYVEPP] JIEWMFPI 'PSWIV XSPIVERGIW EVI VIUYMVIH JSV FSPXIH GSRRIG XMSRW XLER JSV KVSYXIH GSRRIGXMSRW 'SRRIGXMSRW WLSYPH TVSZMHI JSV ZIVXMGEP LSVM^SRXEP ERH PEXIVEP EHNYWXQIRXW SJ MR QQ QMRMQYQXSEGGSQQSHEXIER]QMWEPMKRQIRX SJXLIWYTTSVXW]WXIQERHXLITVIGEWXIPIQIRXW0SGEXMSRSJ LEVH[EVIMXIQWGEWXMRXSSVJEWXIRIHXSXLIWXVYGXYVIF]XLI KIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSVWXIIPJEFVMGEXSVSVSXLIVXVEHIWWLSYPHFI determined with specified tolerances for all site placement. Unless another value is specified by the engineer/architect, XSPIVERGIWJSVWYGLPSGEXMRKHMQIRWMSRWWLSYPHFIMR QQ MR EPP ZIVXMGEP ERH LSVM^SRXEP HMVIGXMSRW TPYW E WPSTI HIZMEXMSRSJRSQSVIXLERMR QQ JSVXLIPIZIPRIWW SJGVMXMGEPFIEVMRKWYVJEGIW 'SRRIGXMSRHIXEMPWWLSYPHTVSZMHIJSVXLITSWWMFMPMX]XLEX FIEVMRKWYVJEGIWEVIQMWEPMKRIHSV[EVTIHJVSQXLIHIWMVIH TPERI %HNYWXQIRXW GER FI TVSZMHIH F] XLI YWI SJ HV] TEGO GSRGVIXI RSRWLVMRO KVSYX SV IPEWXSQIVMG TEHW MJ XLI QMWEPMKRQIRXJVSQ XLILSVM^SRXEPTPERIHSIWRSXI\GIIH MR QQ ;LIRTSWWMFPIGSRRIGXMSRWWLSYPHFIHMQIRWMSRIHXSXLI RIEVIWXMR QQ 1MRMQYQGPIEVERGIFIX[IIRTEVXW [MXLMREGSRRIGXMSRWLSYPHRSXFIPIWWXLERMR QQ [MXLMR QQ TVIJIVVIH1MRMQYQGPIEVERGISVWLMQ WTEGIFIX[IIRZEVMSYWGSRRIGXMSRIPIQIRXWWLSYPHFIMR QQ ;LIVIEYRMXMWRSXIVIGXIH[MXLMRXLIXSPIVERGIWEWWYQIH MR XLI GSRRIGXMSR HIWMKR XLI WXVYGXYVEP EHIUYEG] SJ XLI MRWXEPPEXMSR WLSYPH FI GLIGOIH ERH XLI GSRRIGXMSR HIWMKR should be modified if tolerances are exceeded. No element WLSYPHFIPIJXMRERYRWEJIWYTTSVXGSRHMXMSR%HNYWXQIRXWMR XLITVIWGVMFIHXSPIVERGIWWLSYPHFIQEHISRP]EJXIVETTVSZEP F]XLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX ',%48)6{1%8)6-%07 {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oint sealants and fillers. 7YVJEGIVIXEVHIVW *SVQVIPIEWIEKIRXW 8LMRFVMGO 1SWXSJXLIWIQEXIVMEPWEVIGSRWMHIVIHMRQSVIHIXEMPF] SXLIV%'-GSQQMXXIIW


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

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8LI XLIVQEP GSRHYGXMZMX] SJ [EXIV MW JEV KVIEXIV XLER MRWYPEXMSR;LIR[EXIVMWMRXVSHYGIHMRXSFSEVHMRWYPEXMSR XLIVQEPVIWMWXERGIMW VIHYGIH 8LI EGXYEP EQSYRX SJ [EXIV ZETSVXLEXTEWWIW XLVSYKLEQEXIVMEPF] HMJJYWMSRMWGEPPIH ETIVQ0S[IVTIVQVEXMRKWQIERQSVIVIWMWXERGIXSZETSV flow. Closed-cell insulations with a water vapor permeance SJTIVQSVPIWWEVIGSRWMHIVIHZETSVFEVVMIVWERHGEREGX SRXLIMVS[RXSVIWMWXQSMWXYVIMRXVYWMSR'PSWIHGIPPMRWY PEXMSRW [MXL E [EXIV ZETSV TIVQIERGI KVIEXIV XLER TIVQ WLSYPHFITVSXIGXIHJVSQHMVIGXGSRXEGX[MXLJVIWLGSRGVIXI F] E ZETSV FEVVMIV 8EFPI WLS[W MRWYPEXMSR HIRWMX] XLIVQEP GSRHYGXMZMX] ERH TIVQIEFMPMX] JSV HMJJIVIRX MRWY PEXMRKQEXIVMEPW ;]XLI GSRRIGXSVW{;]XLI GSRRIGXSVW GSRRIGX MRXIVMSV ERH I\XIVMSV []XLIWXLVSYKLXLI MRWYPEXMSR ;]XLI connectors are classified as a structurally composite or struc XYVEPP]RSRGSQTSWMXIHITIRHMRKSRXLIMVEFMPMX]XSXVERWJIV WLIEVJSVGIWFIX[IIR[]XLIW7LIEVJSVGIXVERWJIVFIX[IIR []XLIWQEOIWWERH[MGL[EPPTERIPWGSQTSWMXI7XVYGXYVEPP] RSRGSQTSWMXIGSRRIGXSVWWLSYPHEGGSQQSHEXIHMJJIVIRXMEP XLIVQEPQSZIQIRXWXLEXSGGYVFIGEYWISJXLIPEVKIXLIVQEP fluctuations of the exterior wythe. Structurally composite GSRRIGXSVW WLSYPH XVERWJIV WLIEV JSVGIW FIX[IIR []XLIW 7SQI WXVYGXYVEPP] GSQTSWMXI GSRRIGXSVWGERRSX EGGSQQS HEXI ER] XLIVQEP QSZIQIRX [LIVIEW WSQI GER EGGSQQS HEXITEVXMEPXLIVQEPQSZIQIRX 'SRGVIXI{'SRXMRYSYW SV MRXIVQMXXIRX GSRGVIXI FPSGOW ORS[REWLEVHWTSXWVMFWSVFPSGOSYXW GERFIYWIH EW[]XLIGSRRIGXSVW8LMWGSRRIGXMSRX]TIMWSJXIRYWIHXS TVSHYGI WXVYGXYVEPP] GSQTSWMXI [EPP TERIPW ERH VIUYMVIW HMWTPEGIQIRXSJXLIMRWYPEXMSR8LMWGVIEXIWEXLIVQEPFVMHKI MR XLI W]WXIQ XLEX MRGVIEWIW XLI EQSYRX SJ IRIVK] PSWX SV VIHYGIWXLI6ZEPYISJXLIIRXMVITERIP 7XIIP XMIW{' SV 1WLETIH XMIW EVI YWIH MR XLI GSRWXVYGXMSRSJWXVYGXYVEPP]RSRGSQTSWMXI[EPPTERIPW7XIIP XMIWLEZIELMKLXLIVQEPGSRHYGXMZMX] 7XIIPXVYWWIW{7XIIP XVYWWIW [MXL XLMR [MVIW LEZI FIIRYWIHMRXLIGSRWXVYGXMSRSJWXVYGXYVEPP]GSQTSWMXI[EPP TERIPW 7XIIP XVYWWIW PMOI WXIIP XMIW LEZI E LMKL XLIVQEP GSRHYGXMZMX] Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite GSRRIGXSVW{+*64 GSQTSWMXI GSRRIGXSVW EVI QERYJEG tured from continuous glass fibers pulled through thermoset ZMR]PIWXIVVIWMR+*64GSQTSWMXIGSRRIGXSVWGERFIYWIH MR WXVYGXYVEPP] RSRGSQTSWMXI SV WXVYGXYVEPP] GSQTSWMXI [EPPTERIP GSRWXVYGXMSR HITIRHMRKSR XLIX]TISJGSRRIG XSVWYWIH+*64GSQTSWMXIGSRRIGXSVWLEZIEPS[XLIVQEP GSRHYGXMZMX]+*64TVSHYGXWWLSYPHQIIXXLIVIUYMVIQIRXW SJ%'- Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) shear XVYWWIW{'*64 WLIEV XVYWWIW EVI GYX JVSQ '*64 KVMHW QERYJEGXYVIH F] EPMKRMRK GSRXMRYSYW '*64 WXVERHW MR ER SVXLSKSREP TEXXIVR ERH MQTVIKREXMRK XLIQ [MXL ER ITS\] VIWMR XLEX MW GYVIH 9WIH MR WXVYGXYVEPP] GSQTSWMXI [EPP TERIPGSRWXVYGXMSR'*64WLIEVXVYWWIWLEZIEPS[XLIVQEP GSRHYGXMZMX]'*64TVSHYGXWWLSYPHQIIXXLIVIUYMVIQIRXW SJ%'-


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

{6IMRJSVGIQIRX 6IMRJSVGIQIRX JSV TVIGEWX TERIPW MRGPYHIW TVIWXVIWWMRK QEXIVMEPW HIJSVQIH FEVW [IPHIH [MVI VIMRJSVGIQIRX ERH '*64 QIWL 6IMRJSVGIQIRX MRGPYHIW []XLI GSRRIGXSVW EW HIWGVMFIHMR7IGXMSR (IJSVQIHVIMRJSVGMRKFEVW{(IJSVQIHVIMRJSVGMRK FEVWEVIQERYJEGXYVIHF]LSXVSPPMRKHIJSVQEXMSRWSRXSWXIIP ERHEVIQEHIMREGGSVHERGI[MXL%781%%1 FMPPIX WXIIP ERH %781 %1 PS[EPPS] WXIIP &EVWEVIRSVQEPP]YWIHMRWXVEMKLXPIRKXLWFYXGERFIFIRXXS JSVQLSSOWVIUYMVIHJSVERGLSVEKITYVTSWIW%781% %1TVIWIRXWVIUYMVIQIRXWJSVHIJSVQIH[MVIYWIHEW GSRGVIXIVIMRJSVGIQIRX ;IPHIH[MVIVIMRJSVGIQIRX{;IPHIH[MVIVIMRJSVGI QIRX ;;6 MWEZEMPEFPIMRE[MHIZEVMIX]SJQIWLWTEGMRKW ERH[MVIKEYKIW[MXLFSXLTPEMRERH HIJSVQIH[MVI FIMRK YWIH ;;6 WLSYPH FI QERYJEGXYVIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL %781%%1ERH%%1JSVTPEMRERH HIJSVQIH[MVIVIWTIGXMZIP] 4VIWXVIWWMRKQEXIVMEPW{7XIIP[MVIFEVERHWXVERH JSVTVIWXVIWWIHGSRGVIXIWLSYPHQIIXVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ%781 %%1%%1ERH%%1 'SVVSWMSR TVSXIGXMSR SJ VIMRJSVGIQIRX{;LIR EIWXLIXMG GSRWMHIVEXMSRW VIHYGI GSRGVIXI QMRMQYQ GSZIV below that ordinarily specified or recommended, reinforce QIRXMRTVIGEWXGSRGVIXITERIPWXLMRRIVXLERMR QQ QE]FIWYWGITXMFPIXSGSVVSWMSR-RWYGLGEWIWXLIPSRKXIVQ ETTIEVERGI ERH HYVEFMPMX] SJ XLI TERIPW QE] VIUYMVI GSVVS WMSRVIWMWXERXVIMRJSVGMRKQEXIVMEPW7XEMRPIWWWXIIPVIMRJSVGI ment, reinforcement clad with stainless copper, and fiber-rein JSVGIHTSP]QIV *64 VIMRJSVGIQIRXWYGLEW'*64KVMHWEVI GSVVSWMSRVIWMWXERXFEWIQEXIVMEPWXLEXGERFIYWIH +EPZERM^MRK{+EPZERMÎH[IPHIH[MVIVIMRJSVGI QIRXMWVIEHMP]EZEMPEFPIERHVIPEXMZIP]PS[GSWXGSQTEVIH XSXLIYRTVSXIGXIHTVSHYGX+EPZERMÎHVIMRJSVGMRKFEVWEVI RSX EW VIEHMP] EZEMPEFPI ERH XLI GSWX QE] FI WYFWXERXMEP +EPZERM^MRK TVSGIHYVIW WLSYPH GSRJSVQ XS %781 % %1ERH%%1MRGPYHMRKWYTTPIQIRXEV] VIUYMVIQIRXW1MRMQMÎSVEZSMHYWMRKKEPZERMÎHSVGSTTIV FEVWF]TVSTIVHIWMKRQEMRXIRERGISJQMRMQYQGSZIVERH TERIPQERYJEGXYVIWSXLEXFEVPSGEXMSRGSRGVIXITPEGIQIRX ERHGSRWSPMHEXMSREVITVIGMWIP]GSRXVSPPIH )TS\] GSEXMRK{)TS\]GSEXIH VIMRJSVGMRK FEVW %781 %%1 ERH [IPHIH[MVI VIMRJSVGIQIRX %781 %%1 LEZI FIIR YWIH I\XIRWMZIP] MR WIZIVII\TSWYVIIRZMVSRQIRXWFYXSRP]QMRMQEPP]MREVGLM XIGXYVEPTVIGEWXTERIPW%'-6HMWGYWWIWXLIGSVVSWMSR QIGLERMWQERHGSVVSWMSRTVSXIGXMSRMRHIXEMP(IZIPSTQIRX PIRKXLWLSYPHFIMRGVIEWIHJSVITS\]GSEXIHFEVWEWVIUYMVIH F] 7IGXMSR SJ %'- 8LIWI FEVW EVI E KSSH GSVVSWMSRVIWMWXERXEPXIVREXMZIMJXLIGSEXMRKMWYRMJSVQ&EVW GERFIGSEXIH[LIRWXVEMKLXERHWYFWIUYIRXP]FIRX[MXLRS IJJIGX SR GSEXMRK MRXIKVMX] -J GSEXMRK MW HEQEKIH SV RSR YRMJSVQ FEVW WLSYPH FI XSYGLIH YT [MXL E GSQQIVGMEPP] EZEMPEFPIITS\]GSQTSYRHXSTVIZIRXWIVMSYWGSVVSWMSR&EV X]MRKWLSYPHFI[MXLR]PSRSV+*64GSEXIHXMI[MVIVEXLIV XLER FPEGO [MVI &EV WYTTSVXW WLSYPH FI WXEMRPIWW WXIIP ITS\]GSEXIHSVWSPMHTPEWXMG

3XLIV GSEXMRKW{3XLIV GSEXMRKW EZEMPEFPI JSV GSVVSWMSRTVSXIGXMSRMRGPYHITEMRXWWYGLEWMRSVKERMG^MRG VMGL GSEXMRKW ITS\] TEMRXW ERH GIVXEMR TVSTVMIXEV] GLIQ MGEP GSQTSYRHW XLEX GSQFMRI [MXL S\MHI GSEXMRKW XS JSVQ E TVSXIGXMZI PE]IV 8LIWI QEXIVMEPWQE] FI FVYWL FEXL SV WTVE] ETTPMIH ;LIR IZEPYEXMRK XLIWI GSEXMRKW GSRWMHIV ORS[RTIVJSVQERGIGLEVEGXIVMWXMGWERHXIWXHEXE Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) grids{ '*64KVMHWQE]FIYWIHMRWXIEHSJ[IPHIH[MVIVIMRJSVGI QIRXXSVIMRJSVGIGSRGVIXIWXVYGXYVIW[LIVIGSVVSWMSRVIWMW XERGIERHXLMRRIVGSRGVIXIWIGXMSRWEVIHIWMVEFPI8LI]EVI TVSHYGIHMREJEFVMGEXMSR TVSGIWW [LIVIGSRXMRYSYW'*64 WXVERHW EVI EPMKRIH MR ER SVXLSKSREP TEXXIVR MQTVIKREXIH [MXLERITS\]VIWMRERHGYVIHXSJSVQEKVMH8LI]EVIX]TM cally thin and flexible and usually supplied on rolls. Like [IPHIH[MVI VIMRJSVGIQIRX GEVFSR WXVERH WTEGMRK GER FI ZEVMIH MRIEGL HMVIGXMSR XS WYTTP] XLI RIGIWWEV] XIRWMPI WXVIRKXL %'-6 7XEMRPIWWWXIIP[IPHIH[MVIVIMRJSVGIQIRX{7XEMR PIWW WXIIP [IPHIH[MVI VIMRJSVGIQIRX MW EZEMPEFPI ERH GER FIYWIHMRWXIEHSJGEVFSRWXIIP[IPHIH[MVIVIMRJSVGIQIRX [LIVIGSVVSWMSRTVSXIGXMSRMWHIWMVIH {-RWIVXWERHQMWGIPPERISYWLEVH[EVI -RWIVXWEVIGEWXMRXSETERIPJSVPMJXMRKLSPHMRKSVEXXEGLMRK XLITVIGEWXTERIPXSSXLIVWXVYGXYVEPQIQFIVW(VMPPMRKMRWIVXW MRXSTPEGIEJXIVGEWXMRKMWRSXVIGSQQIRHIHYRPIWWGLERKIWXS the cast-in inserts occurred and a field solution is required. -XIQW WYGL EW GLERRIP WIGXMSRW JVEQMRK WXYHW ERGLSVW I\TERWMSR ERGLSVW ERH MRWIVXW WLSYPH FI QEHI JVSQ TIVQE RIRXP] HYGXMPI QEXIVMEPW ;LIR VIMRJSVGMRK FEVW EVI YWIH EW ERGLSVWSVMRWIVXWJSPPS[TVIGEYXMSRW VIJIVXS 7IGXMSR

XSIRWYVIEHIUYEXIWXVIRKXLERHHYGXMPMX][LIRXLIMVGSRRIGXMSRW EVI[IPHIH&VMXXPIQEXIVMEPWWYGLEWKVE]MVSRGEWXMRKWWLSYPH not be used. Specifications for bolts include ASTM A307-10, A325-10, and A490-10. Specifications for stud welded anchors MRGPYHI%781%ERH%%1 )\TERWMSR ERGLSVW{)\TERWMSR ERGLSVW WLSYPH conform to applicable bolt specifications and be perfor QERGI XIWXIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL %781 ))1 %PP MXIQW WLSYPH LEZI HSGYQIRXIH GLIQMGEP ERH TL]WMGEP TVSTIVXMIWERHFIYWIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIQERYJEGXYV IVvWVIGSQQIRHEXMSRWERHXIWXHEXE 'SVVSWMSRTVSXIGXMSR{;LIVIGSVVSWMSRTVSXIGXMSR MWVIUYMVIHJSVIQFIHHIHSVI\TSWIHLEVH[EVIRSRGSVVSWMZI QEXIVMEPWWYGLEWWXEMRPIWWWXIIPMREGGSVHERGI[MXL%781 % SV E GSEXMRK WYGL EW ^MRG GEHQMYQ ITS\] SV GSVVSWMSRVIWMWXERX TEMRX QE] FI YWIH 4VSXIGXMZI GSEXMRKW should not interfere with the fit of nuts onto the threaded TSVXMSRW SJ JEWXIRIVW ,I\ RYXW ERH [EWLIVW SV SXLIV QEXGLMRK LEVH[EVI YWIH [MXL I\TSWIH MRWIVX GSRRIGXMSRW WLSYPHFI^MRGSVGEHQMYQTPEXIH9WMRKLI\PSGORYXW[MXL R]PSRPSGOMRK[EWLIVWMWWYKKIWXIH {'YVMRKQEXIVMEPWERHWIEPIVW 'YVMRK QEXIVMEPW{%PXLSYKL RSX KIRIVEPP] YWIH GYVMRKGSQTSYRHWEVITVIJIVVIHSZIV[EXIVFYVPETSVSXLIV [IXXIHGSZIVMRKW[LIVIEHHMXMSREPGYVMRKSJXLIGSRGVIXIMW


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

VIUYMVIH%[MHIVERKISJGYVMRKGSQTSYRHWMWGSQQIVGMEPP] EZEMPEFPI8LI]WLSYPHFIWYTTSVXIH[MXLXIWXHEXEERHYWIV I\TIVMIRGIFIJSVIEGGITXERGI7XIEQGYVMRKMWHMWGYWWIHMR 7IGXMSR'YVMRKGSQTSYRHWERHWIEPIVWQE]LEZIXS FIVIQSZIHMJXLITERIPWYVJEGIMWXSFITEMRXIH 7YVJEGI WIEPIVW{9WMRK GPIEV TVSXIGXMZI [EXIV VITIPPIRXWIEPIVWXSQEMRXEMRTERIPETTIEVERGIMWEREVIESJ GSRXVSZIVW] [MXL TERIP TVSHYGIVW 8LI TSXIRXMEP MQTVSZI QIRXSJ[IEXLIVMRKUYEPMXMIWMRYVFERSVMRHYWXVMEPEVIEWQE] NYWXMJ]WIEPIVYWIEWEWIEPIVQE]TVSXIGXI\TSWIHGSRGVIXI JVSQ EMVFSVRI MRHYWXVMEP GLIQMGEPW 0EFSVEXSV] I\TSWYVI XIWXW ERH PSRKXIVQ SYXHSSV I\TSWYVI TPSXW LEZI ]MIPHIHE [MHIVERKISJVIWYPXW7SQIWIEPIVWTVSHYGIWIZIVIHMWGSP SVEXMSR [MXLMR I\TSWYVI TIVMSHW ZEV]MRK JVSQ [IIO XS WIZIVEP QSRXLW 4ERIP WYVJEGIW XLEX LEZI FIIR WIEPIH QE] HMWGSPSV HYI XS XLI WIEPIVW EXXVEGXMRK L]HVSGEVFSRW XS XLI WIEPIVWYVJEGILEZMRKPMXXPIVIWMWXERGIXSHMWGSPSVEXMSRF]XLI WYRvWYPXVEZMSPIXVE]WSVFIMRKEJJIGXIHF]XIQTIVEXYVIWSJ * ' SVQSVI 8IWXW WLS[ XLEX WIEPIVW HS RSX MQTVSZI VIWMWXERGI XS JVII^MRKERHXLE[MRK6IWMWXERGIXSJVII^MRKERHXLE[MRKMW FIWXEGLMIZIH[MXLEMVIRXVEMRMRKEHQM\XYVIWEWSYXPMRIHMR 7IGXMSR 7IEPIV YWI WLSYPH FI FEWIH SR TVIZMSYW I\TIVMIRGI ERH GEVIJYPWXYH]SJXIWXHEXEJSVTIVJSVQERGIMRXLITVSTSWIHIRZM VSRQIRX7IEPIVWWLSYPHFIETTPMIHMRWXVMGXEGGSVHERGI[MXLXLI QERYJEGXYVIVvWVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW7IEPIVWKIRIVEPP]WLSYPHRSX FIETTPMIHSRWYVJEGIWXLEX[MPPGSRXEGXNSMRXWIEPERXW 7MPMGSRIWIEPIVTIVJSVQERGI{8LIYWISJWMPMGSRI FEWIH WIEPIVW MW RSX VIGSQQIRHIH 7YVJEGIW XVIEXIH [MXL WMPMGSRI JSVQYPEXMSRW ZEV] [MHIP] MRTIVJSVQERGI )\TIVM IRGI[MXLWMPMGSRIWIEPIVWMRHMGEXIWXLI]WLSYPHRSXFIYWIH SRI\TSWIHUYEVXÊKKVIKEXIWERHXLEXHYVEFMPMX]MWQEVKMREP [LIRYWIHSRSXLIVEKKVIKEXIW-RYVFEREVIEWWSQIWMPMGSRI WIEPIVWEXXVEGXEMVFSVRIL]HVSGEVFSRWVIWYPXMRKMRTVIQEXYVI HMWGSPSVEXMSRSJ[LMXISVPMKLXGSPSVIHTERIPW[MXLMREWLSVX TIVMSH7MPMGSRIWIEPIVWMRXIVJIVI[MXLXLIFSRHMRKSJTEXGLIW ERHTVIZIRXXLIFSRHMRKSJNSMRXWIEPERXW-JYWIHWMPMGSRI FEWIH QEXIVMEPW WLSYPH FI ETTPMIH SRP] EJXIV TEXGLMRK ERH NSMRXWIEPMRKEVIGSQTPIXIH 3XLIV WIEPIVW{&IXXIV TIVJSVQERGI VIWYPXW LEZI FIIR SFXEMRIH [MXL QIXL]P QIXLEGV]PEXI JSVQW SJ EGV]PMG VIWMR SR I\TSWIH EKKVIKEXI WYVJEGIW 7EXMWJEGXSV] VIWYPXW LEZI EPWS FIIR EGLMIZIH [MXL SXLIV EGV]PMG GSTSP]QIVW WMPERIWERHWMPS\ERIW % [MHIV VERKI SJ EGGITXEFPI WIEPIVW MW EZEMPEFPI SR PIWW HIPMGEXI WYVJEGIW WYGL EW TPEMR SV VMFFIH GSRGVIXI TERIPW 7IEPIVW XLEX HS RSX TIVJSVQ [IPP SR I\TSWIH EKKVIKEXI WYVJEGIWSVZIV]PMKLXGSPSVIHWYVJEGIWEVISJXIREGGITXEFPI SRTPEMRSVVMFFIHGSRGVIXI

1SVXEVW{'IQIRX QSVXEVW EVI RSX HYGXMPI ERH GERRSX EGGSQQSHEXI TERIP QSZIQIRX %PXLSYKL XLI] EVI RSX WYMXEFPI EW WIEPERXW QSVXEVW QE] FI YWIH [MXL SXLIV WIEPIVWJSVTEGOMRKGSRRIGXMSRNSMRXW1SVXEVWEVITVIJIVVIH JSVXLIFEWISJPSEHFIEVMRKTERIPWWYTTSVXIHF]WLMQW

)PEWXSQIVMGWIEPERXW{3RP]IPEWXSQIVMGQEXIVMEPW WLSYPHFIYWIHEWWIEPERXWMRTVIGEWXTERIPMRWXEPPEXMSR)PEW tomeric sealants (caulks) include polysulfides, silicones, and YVIXLERIW 8LI] QE] FI SRI SV X[STEVX GSQTSYRHW ERH FSXLEVITVIJIVVIHSZIVSMPFEWIHX]TIW(IWTMXILMKLIVMRMXMEP TVMGI IPEWXSQIVMG WIEPERXW EVI TVIJIVVIH FIGEYWI SJ PS[IV QEMRXIRERGI GSWXW FIXXIV [IEXLIV XMKLX NSMRXW ERH PSRKIV PMJI'SRWYPX%781'JSVHIXEMPIHMRJSVQEXMSR 2SRWXEMRMRKIPEWXSQIVMGNSMRXWIEPERXWWLSYPHFIWIPIGXIH XS TVIZIRX FPIIHMRK ERH LIEZ] HMVX EGGYQYPEXMSR ,MKL performance one- or two-part sealants such as polysulfides, YVIXLERIW WMPMGSRIW SV SXLIV WIEPERX QEXIVMEP EVI VIGSQ mended for weatherproofing joints in precast panels. These WIEPERXW WLSYPH [MXLWXERHNSMRX QSZIQIRXW SJ EX PIEWX TIVGIRX -J KVIEXIV WIEPERX QSZIQIRX GETEGMX] MW VIUYMVIH GSRWYPX [MXL QERYJEGXYVIVW SJ PS[QSHYPYW WIEPERXW 8LI WIEPERXWIPIGXIHWLSYPHQEXGLXLIGSPSVSJXLITVIGEWXTERIP EWGPSWIP]EWTSWWMFPIXSVIHYGIXLIZMWYEPIJJIGXSJZEVMEXMSRW MRNSMRXHMQIRWMSRW Joint fillers—Backup fillers are needed in joints to GSRXVSP WIEPERX HITXL JEGMPMXEXI XSSPMRK SJ XLI WIEPERX ERH WIVZIEWEFSRHFVIEOIVXSTVIZIRXXLIWIEPERXJVSQFSRHMRK XSXLIFEGOSJXLINSMRX*MPPIVQEXIVMEPWLSYPHFIRSRWXEMRMRK to the sealant. Asphaltic (bitumastic) fillers should not be used. The sealant manufacturer can advise on filler materials XLEX EVI GSQTEXMFPI [MXL XLI WIPIGXIH WIEPERX 8LI VIGSQ mended shape factor should also be listed. Acceptable fillers EVIXLSWIXLEXGSQTVIWWMRXSXLINSMRXERHVIWTSRHXSTERIP movement. A round filler profile provides maximum edge EVIE[MXLQMRMQYQGVSWWWIGXMSRJSVFIWXWIEPERXEHLIWMSR The best filler profile is a rod of spongy or foamed material XLEXMWGPSWIHGIPPXSTVIZIRXQSMWXYVIVIXIRXMSR {'LIQMGEPVIXEVHIVW +IRIVEP{'LIQMGEPVIXEVHIVWXIQTSVEVMP]HIPE]XLI LEVHIRMRKSJGIQIRXTEWXIEXXLIWYVJEGISJXLITVIGEWXTERIP %JXIVXLIFEWIGSRGVIXISJXLITERIPLEVHIRW RSVQEPP]SZIV RMKLX XLI VIXEVHIH GIQIRX TEWXI MW VIQSZIH F] FVYWLMRK LMKLTVIWWYVI[EXIV[EWLMRKSVWERHFPEWXMRKXSI\TSWIXLI EKKVIKEXIW&VYWLMRKSV[EXIV[EWLMRK[MPPRSXGLERKIXLI REXYVEPPSSOSJXLIEKKVIKEXIWFYXWERHFPEWXMRKQE]HYPPXLI WYVJEGI 8[SX]TIWSJGLIQMGEPVIXEVHIVWEVIYWIHMRTVIGEWXTERIP JEFVMGEXMSR*SVQVIXEVHIVWEVIYWYEPP]JEWXHV]MRKWSPZIRX FEWIHQEXIVMEPWETTPMIHXSXLIJSVQWYVJEGI8LIWIVIXEVHIVW VIWMWX XLI EFVEWMSR MRLIVIRX MR XLI TPEGIQIRX SJ GSRGVIXI 7YVJEGI VIXEVHIVW EVI [EXIVFEWIH QEXIVMEPW ETTPMIH XS XLI XST WYVJEGI SJ JVIWLP]TPEGIH GSRGVIXI 8LI] EVI YWYEPP] ETTPMIH [MXL KEVHIRX]TI WTVE] ETTPMGEXSVW &IJSVI XLI VIXEVHIVMWWTVE]IHSREHHMXMSREPEKKVIKEXIQE]FITPEGIH SR XLI WYVJEGI ERH XVS[IPIH MR XS TVSZMHI E QSVIYRMJSVQ finished surface. (ITXLSJVIZIEP{*SVQERHWYVJEGIX]TIVIXEVHIVW EVIYWIHXSIXGLXLIGSRGVIXIXSHITXLWXLEXEPPS[JSVHIWMKR flexibility. As a general rule, the retarder should expose RSX QSVI XLER TIVGIRX SJ XLI EKKVIKEXI HMEQIXIV EX XLI surface. When used, retarders can produce finishes of the


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PMKLXIWXVIZIEPVIQSZMRKSRP]WYVJEGIWOMRXSEHIITVIZIEP VIQSZMRKEKKVIKEXIWYTXSMR QQ {*SVQVIPIEWIEKIRXW +IRIVEP{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{'LIQMGEPP] EGXMZIVIPIEWIEKIRXWEVIXLIQSWXGSQQSR8LIMVVIPIEWMRK EFMPMX]MWXLIVIWYPXSJEGLIQMGEPVIEGXMSRFIX[IIRXLIJVII PMQIJVSQJVIWLGIQIRXTEWXIERHGLIQMGEPWMRXLIVIPIEWI EKIRXGSEXMRKXLIJSVQWYVJEGI8LMWVIEGXMSRTVSHYGIWWPMT TIV] [EXIVMRWSPYFPI WSET SV KVIEWI [LMGL TVSZMHIW JSV IEW]JSVQVIQSZEP8]TMGEPP]XLIGLIQMGEPP]EGXMZIMRKVIHM ents are fish oils, vegetable oils, animal fats, or combinations XLIVISJ )QYPWMSR X]TI EKIRXW{7SQI VIPIEWI EKIRXW YWI [EXIVIQYPWMSRWJSVEGEVVMIVMRWXIEHSJTIXVSPIYQHIVMZIHSMP 7SQIIQYPWMSRWEVIGLIQMGEPP]EGXMZIEKIRXW[LIVIEWSXLIVW facilitate form release by producing a barrier film, much like JYIPSMPHSIW+IRIVEPP]IQYPWMSRX]TIVIPIEWIEKIRXW[MPPRSX LEVQ JSVQ JEGMRK QEXIVMEPW XLEX EVI WIRWMXMZI XS TIXVSPIYQ HIVMZIHSMPW'SPH[IEXLIVSTIVEXMSRWVIUYMVIWXSVEKIERHYWI GSRWMHIVEXMSRWHMJJIVIRXJVSQSXLIVVIPIEWIEKIRXW 4IXVSPIYQHIVMZIH EKIRXW{6IPIEWI EKIRXW QEHI IRXMVIP] JVSQ TIXVSPIYQHIVMZIH SMPW WYGL EW JYIP SMP ERH OIVSWIRIJYRGXMSRF]TVSHYGMRKEFEVVMIVFIX[IIRXLIJSVQ JEGIERHXLIGSRGVIXI8LMWFEVVMIVX]TIVIPIEWIEKIRXKIRIV EPP]GEYWIWQSVIFYKLSPIWWXEMRMRKERHTSSVIVJSVQVIPIEWI XLERGLIQMGEPP]EGXMZIX]TIW %TTP]MRK VIPIEWI EKIRXW XS JSVQ[SVO{6IPIEWI EKIRXWWLSYPHFIETTPMIHMREXLMRYRMJSVQGSEXMRKSRGPIER HV] JSVQ JEGMRKW 9WYEPP] XLMW MW HSRI F] WTVE]MRK 8LI VIPIEWIEKIRXWLSYPHFIETTPMIHMREQERRIVERHWGLIHYPIH XSEZSMHGSEXMRKXLIVIMRJSVGIQIRX ',%48)6{4%2)0*%&6-'%8-32 %2(()0-:)6= {+IRIVEPVIUYMVIQIRXW 4VITEVEXMSRSJHIWMKRGEPGYPEXMSRWJEFVMGEXMSRERH MRWXEPPEXMSR HVE[MRKW{8LI TVIGEWX QERYJEGXYVIV TVITEVIW MRWXEPPEXMSRERHJEFVMGEXMSRHVE[MRKWJSVXLITVIGEWXTERIPW %PP RIGIWWEV] HIXEMPW JSV XLI JEFVMGEXMSR LERHPMRK ERH installation of the precast products from the specifications

ERH EVGLMXIGXYVEP WMXI ERH WXVYGXYVEP HVE[MRKW EVI RIIHIH XSTVITEVIMRWXEPPEXMSRERHJEFVMGEXMSRHVE[MRKW-RWXEPPEXMSR HVE[MRKWERHLEVH[EVIJVSQSXLIVXVEHIWWLSYPHFITVSZMHIH [MXLMR GSRXVEGXYEP WGLIHYPIW (IXEMPMRKQIXLSHW ZEV] [MXL XLIQERYJEGXYVIVFYXIPIZEXMSRWERHLSVM^SRXEPHMQIRWMSRW WLS[RWLSYPHPSGEXIERHQEVOIEGLTVIGEWXIPIQIRXERHKMZI MXWVIPEXMSRWLMTXS[MRHS[WSTIRMRKWERHEHNEGIRXFYMPHMRK GSQTSRIRXW(IXEMPWWLSYPHTVSZMHIWMÎWLETIHMQIRWMSRW and profiles of each member. Connections, reinforcement, ERHMRHMZMHYEPQEVORYQFIVWWLSYPHFIWLS[R-RWXEPPEXMSR HVE[MRKWWLSYPHWLS[XLIJSPPS[MRK (IWMKRKVEZMX][MRHERHWIMWQMGPSEHW 6ZEPYIJSVMRWYPEXIHTERIPWMRGPYHMRKXLIVQEPEREP]WMW ERHQIXLSHYWIH 0SGEXMSR ERH HIXEMPW SJ LEVH[EVI IQFIHHIH MR SV EXXEGLIHXSXLIWXVYGXYVEPJVEQIFIX[IIRTVIGEWXTERIPW SVFSXL ,ERHPMRK PSEHW ERH EHHMXMSREP VIMRJSVGIQIRX VIUYMVIH JSVXVERWTSVXEXMSRERHMRWXEPPEXMSRWXVIWWIW 4VSTSWIHMRWXEPPEXMSRWIUYIRGIMJVIUYMVIH Unless otherwise specified, temporary bracing for ZIVXMGEPTERIPW 1IXLSHSJIVIGXMRKTERIPTPYQF EHNYWXMRKXLIZIVXMGEP SVMIRXEXMSR ERHEHNYWXMRKGSRRIGXMSRW 7MKRMRK ERH WIEPMRK SJ HVE[MRKW F] E PMGIRWIH HIWMKR TVSJIWWMSREP .SMRX ERH NSMRX WIEPERX HIXEMPW WLSYPH FI WLS[R [LIVI applicable. Further, special fittings such as stripping, lifting SV MRWXEPPEXMSR MRWIVXW ERGLSVMRK HIXEMPW VIKPIXW GYXSYXW TMTI WPIIZIW SXLIV IQFIHHIH MXIQW ERH STIRMRKW WLSYPH FIGEVIJYPP]PSGEXIHERHHMQIRWMSRIH(VE[MRKWERHGEPGY PEXMSRW TVITEVIH XS WLS[ XLI EJSVIQIRXMSRIH WLSYPH FI JSV[EVHIHXSXLIKIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSVERHXLIIRKMRIIVEVGLM XIGXJSVETTVSZEPEWVIGSQQIRHIHMR7IGXMSR *EFVMGEXMSR JEGMPMXMIW{4VIGEWX TERIP JEFVMGE XMSR JEGMPMXMIW ZEV] [MHIP] -X MW VIGSQQIRHIH XLEX TVIGEWX concrete plants are certified in accordance with the Precast/ Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) Plant Certification 4VSKVEQ *EFVMGEXMSR JEGMPMXMIW EVI EJJIGXIH F] XLI WMÎ [IMKLX ERH ZSPYQI SJ XLI TVSHYGXW TVSHYGIH ERH F] XLI GPMQEXI ERH TVS\MQMX] SJ QEVOIXMRK EVIEW +IRIVEPP] TPERXWMRVIKMSRW[MXL[MRXIVGPMQEXIWEVIJYPP]IRGPSWIHSV MRHSSVWERHTPERXWMRVIKMSRW[MXLSYX[MRXIVGPMQEXIWQE] be outdoors. When specific project requirements warrant GEWXMRKSRXLINSFWMXIEWMXITVIGEWXIVJEGIWQER]QSVIGLEP PIRKIWXLERETPERXTVIGEWXIVHSIW7SQITSWWMFPIGLEPPIRKIW MRGPYHIPEGOSJXMKLXP]GSRXVSPPIHFEXGLMRKGSRHMXMSRWYRJE vorable curing and protection from the elements, difficulty SFXEMRMRKWOMPPIHPEFSVJSVGIERHPEGOSJQEREKIQIRXSVE WYTIVZMWSV]KVSYTI\TIVMIRGIHMRTVIGEWXMRKSTIVEXMSRW 6IGSQQIRHEXMSRW MR XLMW KYMHI LIPT SZIVGSQI XLIWI possible deficiencies. The fabrication facility, whether in a TPERXSVEXXLIWMXIWLSYPHTVSZMHIXLIJSPPS[MRK *EGMPMXMIW XS VIGIMZI ERH WXSVI VE[ QEXIVMEPW WYGL EW GIQIRXEKKVIKEXIWVIMRJSVGMRKWXIIPERHMRWYPEXMSR *EGMPMXMIW JSV GSRXVSPPIH TVSTSVXMSRMRK ERH QM\MRK SJ GSRGVIXI %GSZIVIHEVIEJSVJEFVMGEXMSRQSPHWERHJSVQW


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*MK{4VIGEWXMRKTPERXERHWXSVEKI]EVH

%REVIEJSVEWWIQFP]ERHJEFVMGEXMSRSJVIMRJSVGIQIRX *EGMPMXMIW JSV TVIWXVIWWMRK TVIGEWX [EPP TERIPW MJ VIUYMVIH %TTVSTVMEXI TVSXIGXMSR HITIRHMRK SR GPMQEXI JSV GSRGVIXITPEGIQIRXSTIVEXMSRW Additional space for finishing and curing operations. %HIUYEXI]EVHWTEGIJSVGSRZIRMIRXERHTVSTIVWXSVEKI )UYMTQIRXGETEFPISJPMJXMRKERHLERHPMRKTERIPWSJXLI WMÎERH[IMKLXXSFIQERYJEGXYVIH *EFVMGEXMSR ERH WXSVEKI EVIEW{*EGMPMXMIW JSV FEXGLMRKERHQM\MRKGSRGVIXIWLSYPHFIMREGGSVHERGI[MXL %'-6[LMGLTVSZMHIWHIXEMPWSRFEXGLMRKSJEKKVI KEXIWGIQIRXEHQM\XYVIWERH[EXIV)UYMTQIRXWLSYPHFI EZEMPEFPI XS HIXIVQMRI XLI EQSYRX SJ JVII QSMWXYVI MR XLI coarse and fine aggregates. Moisture compensation deter QMRIH F] HIZMGIW YWMRK GSRHYGXMZMX] ZEVMIW [MXL EKKVI KEXIHIRWMX] ERHMWRSX VIGSQQIRHIH*EGMPMXMIWWLSYPHFI TVSXIGXIHERHQSRMXSVIHXSTVIZIRXJVSÎREKKVIKEXIWJVSQ FIMRKMRXVSHYGIHMRXSXLIGSRGVIXI1M\MRKIUYMTQIRXWLSYPH FIEHIUYEXIJSVXLIWMÎSJXLISTIVEXMSRERHGETEFPISJXLSV SYKLP] ERH YRMJSVQP] QM\MRK GSRGVIXI GSRWXMXYIRXW 4ERIP JEFVMGEXMSR EVIEW WLSYPH FI TVSXIGXIH EKEMRWX VEMR [MRH HYWXHMVIGXWYRPMKLXERHLEZIGSRXVSPPEFPILIEXXSTVIZIRX GSRGVIXI XIQTIVEXYVIW JVSQ HVSTTMRK FIPS[ * ' 4ERIPWXSVEKIEVIEWWLSYPHTVSZMHIJSVIEW]EGGIWWERHVIEH] LERHPMRKSJWXSVIHYRMXW *MK 7XSVEKIWYVJEGIWWLSYPH FIGPIERLEVHPIZIPERH[IPPHVEMRIHXSTIVQMX[IPPSVKE RMÎH WXSVEKI ERH QMRMQMÎ SV TVIZIRX [EVTMRK FS[MRK GLMTTMRK GVEGOMRK HMWGSPSVEXMSR WXEMRMRK SV WSMPMRK SJ XLI TVIGEWX TERIPW -RWYPEXIH WERH[MGL TERIPW WLSYPH FI

GLIGOIHF]TPERXIRKMRIIVWXSHIXIVQMRILS[QER]TERIPW GERFIWXEGOIHMRSRITMPI[MXLSYXHEQEKMRKXLITERIPWEXXLI HYRREKIPSGEXMSRW {1SPHW *SVQWERHGEWXMRKFIHW +IRIVEP{;SSH GSRGVIXI WXIIP TPEWXMG TPEWXIV polyester resin reinforced with glass fibers, and combi REXMSRW SJ XLIWI LEZIFIIR YWIH WYGGIWWJYPP]EW EQSPH SV JSVQ QEXIVMEP JSV TVIGEWX TERIPW 0SRK PMRI WXIIP FIHW EVI GSQQSRJSVTVIWXVIWWIH WXVYGXYVEPTERIPW ERH[SSHQSPHW EVIGSQQSRJSVWQEPPIVPIWWVITIXMXMSYWEVGLMXIGXYVEPTERIPW :EVMSYWTEXXIVRWQEHISJVYFFIVTVIWWIHQIXEPSVZEGYYQ JSVQIH +*64 GER FI GSQFMRIH [MXL FEWMG QEXIVMEPW JSV WTIGMEP IJJIGXW *SV GSQTPMGEXIH HIXEMPW QSPHW SJ TPEWXIV KIPEXMR SV WGYPTXYVIH WERH LEZI FIIR GSQFMRIH SV VIMR JSVGIH[MXL[SSHSVWXIIPHITIRHMRKSRXLIWMÎSJXLITERIP XSFIGEWX)\EQTPISJQSPHWERHETERIPWXVMTTIHJVSQMXW QSPHEVIWLS[RMR*MK E ERH F 8LITERIPTVSHYGIVX]TMGEPP]WIPIGXWXLIETTVSTVMEXIQSPH FEWIH SR TVMGI QEMRXIRERGI QIXLSH SJ GSRWSPMHEXMSR reuse, panel details, possible salvage, and desired finish and XI\XYVISJXLITVSHYGX;LIVIXLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXVIUYMVIW a special mold or finish or a particular mold material, these VIUYMVIQIRXW WLSYPH FI GPIEVP] WIX JSVXL MR XLI GSRXVEGX HSGYQIRXW (MQIRWMSREP WXEFMPMX] ERH MRXIKVMX]{%PP QSPHW VIKEVHPIWW SJ QEXIVMEP WLSYPH GSRJSVQ XS XLI WLETI PMRIW ERH HMQIRWMSRW SJ XLI TVIGEWX TERIPW XS FI TVSHYGIH They should be sufficiently rigid to meet the casting toler ERGIWVIGSQQIRHIHMR'LETXIV)\EQTPIWSJMXIQWXSFI


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*MK E {1SPHJSVGEWXMRKTVIGEWXTERIP

*MK F {4ERIPWXVMTTIHJVSQQSPH

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+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

*MK{1EWXIVQSPHJSVPEVKITVIGEWXTERIPW

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two or more steel plates by welding to form a flat surface is difficult due to distortion from the heat of the welding opera XMSR-JNSMRMRKMWVIUYMVIH[IPHWWLSYPHFIKVSYRHWQSSXL ERHGSEXIH[MXL ERITS\]SV WMQMPEV QEXIVMEP XSLMHINSMRX MQTIVJIGXMSRW%XIWXWIGXMSRWLSYPHFIGEWXEXXLI[IPHNSMRX XSHIXIVQMRIXLEXXLINSMRIHEVIEGERTVSHYGIEREGGITXEFPI finished product. It is best to minimize casting over a welded JSVQSVFIHNSMRX-JETVIWXVIWWMRKJSVGIMWXSFIETTPMIHXS

XLIJSVQXLIWIPJWXVIWWMRKJSVQWLSYPHFIWXVSRKIRSYKLXS VIWMWXXLITVIWXVIWWMRKJSVGI[MXLSYXFYGOPMRKSV[VMROPMRK 'SRGVIXIQSPHW{'SRGVIXIGERFIJSVQIHMRXSQER] WLETIWLEWI\GIPPIRXVMKMHMX]ERHHMQIRWMSREPWXEFMPMX]ERH GERFIVIYWIHWIZIVEPXMQIW'SRGVIXIQSPHWEVIQERYJEG XYVIH F] GEWXMRK SZIV E QEWXIV QSHIP JEFVMGEXIH XS ZIV] GPSWIXSPIVERGIW8LMWQEWXIVQSHIPQE]FIYWIHXSTVSHYGI EWIVMIWSJMHIRXMGEPQSPHW*VIUYIRXP]GSRGVIXIQSPHWEVI XVIEXIH [MXL TSP]YVIXLERI SV ITS\] XS VIHYGI QSPH VITEMV ERHMQTVSZIVIPIEWIGETEFMPMX]8LIWIVIWMRWERHSXLIVGSEX MRKWVIRHIVXLIGSRGVIXIQSPHRSREFWSVFIRXERHTVSHYGIE more uniform finish on the precast product. Concrete molds QE]FIEHETXIHXSFIGSQIEWIPJWXVIWWMRKJSVQJSVYWIMR TVIWXVIWWMRK E GSRGVIXI TERIP ;LIR GSRGVIXI QSPHW EVI YWIH EHIUYEXIHVEJX WLSYPH FI TVSZMHIH SR EPP WYVJEGIW MR XLIHMVIGXMSRSJWXVMTTMRKSVVIQSZEPWSXLEXXLITVSHYGXQE] FIIEWMP]PMJXIH[MXLSYXHEQEKMRKXLITERIPSVXLIQSPH ;SSH QSPHW{;SSH QSPHW GER FI WMQTPI [LIR relatively small, flat panels are being produced, or they can FIIPEFSVEXIGSQTPMGEXIHQSPHWSJYRYWYEPWLETIWERHPEVKI HMQIRWMSRW;SSHQSPHWWLSYPHFIXVIEXIHXSTVIZIRXI\GIW sive absorption, maintain uniformity of panel finish, and WXEFMPMÎJSVQHMQIRWMSRW 4IVMSHMGVIRSZEXMSRSJ[SSHIRQSPHWMWRIGIWWEV]'EVI WLSYPHFII\IVGMWIHXSIRWYVIXLEXQYPXMTPIYWIWHSRSXGEYWI XLI QSPH XS W[IPP SV FYPKI 1SPH HMQIRWMSRW WLSYPH FI GLIGOIHEJXIVIEGLYWI;SSHQSPHWWLSYPHRSXFIYWIHMJ WXIEQGYVMRK[MPPSGGYVFIJSVIWXVMTTMRKGSRGVIXIJVSQXLI QSPH,MKLUYEPMX]GVEJXWQERWLMTERHNSMRIV]EVIRIGIWWEV] XSEGLMIZINSMRXWXLEXEVISJEGGITXEFPIETTIEVERGI4ERIPMÊ XMSRWLSYPHFITVITPERRIHERHWYFNIGXXSIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX ETTVSZEP +*64 QSPHW{+*64 TVSHYGIH JVSQ TSP]IWXIV SV ITS\]VIWMRWEVI[MHIP]YWIHFIGEYWIXLI]EVIIEWMP]QSPHIH MRXSGSQTPI\WLETIWERHGERMQTEVXEZEVMIX]SJTEXXIVRWXS the finished product. Properly designed GFRP molds have I\GIPPIRX TIVJSVQERGI ERH VIYWI I\TIGXERG] 8LI QSPH WYVJEGIQE]FIVITEMVIHEWRIIHIH +*64 QSPHW LEZI E PS[ QSHYPYW SJ IPEWXMGMX] ERH EVI somewhat flexible, even though they have excellent tensile WXVIRKXL -J XLI QSPH MW IRXMVIP] +*64 MX WLSYPH FI [IPP supported along edges and flat areas. This may be accom TPMWLIHF]VIMRJSVGMRKMX[MXLPYQFIVWXIIPWLETIWSVSXLIV QEXIVMEPWEWERMRXIKVEPTEVXSJQSPHGSRWXVYGXMSR8LMWQSPH X]TI MW JVIUYIRXP] HIWMKREXIH E QSPH PMRIV ERH VIUYMVIW E QSXLIVQSPHXSTVSZMHIEHIUYEXIWYTTSVX The high-gloss finish imparted to a precast panel by some QSPH WYVJEGIW ERH QSPH PMRIVW KIRIVEPP] +*64 QE] FI HIWMVEFPI JSV MRHSSV HIGSVEXMSR ;LIR YWIH JSV I\XIVMSV work, weathering may cause the glossy finish to disappear MRERSRYRMJSVQQERRIV'VE^MRKERHSXLIVQMRSVWYVJEGI MQTIVJIGXMSRWQE]FIQSVIETTEVIRX[LIRGSRGVIXIMWGEWX onto a GFRP mold. Avoid high-gloss finishes on exterior [SVOYRPIWWXLITERIPTVSHYGIVGERWLS[WYGGIWWJYPMRWXEP lations of this finish in a similar climate. *SVQPMRIVW{8I\XYVIWVERKMRKJVSQQYXIHI\TVIW WMSRXSFSPHVIPMIJEVISFXEMRIH[MXLHMJJIVIRXX]TIWSJJSVQ PMRIVW *MK (VEJXWLSYPHFIGSRWMHIVIHJSVEPPPMRIVW


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X]TIW XS TVIZIRX GLMTTMRK SV WTEPPMRK HYVMRK WXVMTTMRK 6YFFIV QEXXMRK MW ER IJJIGXMZI PMRIV XLEX EGGYVEXIP] VITVS HYGIWGSQTPI\TEXXIVRWSRXLIGSRGVIXIWYVJEGI6YFFIVMW KIRIVEPP] WEXMWJEGXSV] FYX MX WLSYPH FI XIWXIH JSV TSWWMFPI WXEMRMRKSVHMWGSPSVEXMSRSJXLIGSRGVIXI8VMEPGEWXMRKWGER HIXIVQMRI XLI FIWXXMQIJSVWXVMTTMRKXSIRWYVIXLIWYVJEGI VIQEMRWMRXEGXERHXLIPMRIVWGERFIVIYWIH ;SSHPMRIVWWYGLEWFSEVHWTP][SSHTERIPWSVREMPIHSR MRWIVXW[SVO[IPP;SSHPMRIVWYVJEGIWWLSYPHFIWIEPIHXS TVIZIRXQSMWXYVIEFWSVTXMSRERHXLIRPMKLXP]GSEXIH[MXLE JSVQVIPIEWIEKIRXFIJSVIGEWXMRK :EGYYQJSVQIH+*64WLIIXWGERTVSZMHIZEVMIHTEXXIVRW SR XI\XYVIH SV KPSWW]WQSSXL GSRGVIXI WYVJEGIW 8LI extremely fine finish of GFRP-formed concrete enhances the integral colors and because of high reflectivity, smaller EQSYRXW SJ TMKQIRX EVI VIUYMVIH XS SFXEMR E KMZIR GSPSV MRXIRWMX] +PSWW] ERH WQSSXL WYVJEGIW EVI FIWX JSV MRHSSV VEXLIVXLERSYXWMHII\TSWYVI Polyethylene film laid over uniformly distributed cobble WXSRIWTVSZMHIWEHMQTPIHWYVJEGI4SP]WX]VIRIJSEQWLETIH ERHEXXEGLIHXSXLI JSVQ PIEZIWHIITP] MQTVIWWIHHIWMKRW EJXIVVIQSZEPJVSQXLIGSRGVIXIJEGI Verification and maintenance{1SPHW WLSYPH FI checked in detail after construction and before the first product is made. A complete check of the first product from the mold further verifies mold adequacy. Checking the mold F]IZEPYEXMRKXLITVSHYGXMWJIEWMFPISRP][LIVIETVSHYGX can be identified by the specific mold in which it was cast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limitations specified for the product on the shop drawings. *SVQ WUYEVIRIWW WLSYPH FI GLIGOIH F] GSQTEVMRK HMEK SREP QIEWYVIQIRXW FIX[IIR XLI JSVQ GSVRIVW &YPOLIEHW templates, and similar equipment influencing the accuracy SJHMQIRWMSRWERHEPMKRQIRXWLSYPHFIVIKYPEVP]MRWTIGXIH ERHQEMRXEMRIH-JQSVIXLERSRIJSVQMWYWIHXSTVSHYGIE KMZIRYRMXEGSQTEVEXMZIHMQIRWMSREPGLIGOWLSYPHFIQEHI FIJSVIGEWXMRKXLIMRMXMEPTVIGEWXGSRGVIXITERIPW %PPTSWMXMSRMRKLSPIWSVWPSXWLSPHMRKER]GEWXMRQEXIVMEPW MRTSWMXMSRWLSYPHFIGLIGOIHXSIRWYVIXLEXGSRXMRYSYWQSPH YWI[MPPRSXGVIEXI[IEVERHI\GIIHEGGITXEFPIXSPIVERGIW ;LIR YWMRK [SSH QSPHW XLIWI GPEQTSR EVIEW WLSYPH FI TVSXIGXIH[MXLGSVRIVTPEXIW {'SRGVIXITVSTSVXMSRMRKERHQM\MRK -RXVSHYGXMSR{-RJSVQEXMSR SR QM\XYVI TVSTSVXMSRW WLSYPHFIVIGSVHIHERHOITXEXXLIGSRGVIXIFEXGLMRKTPERX %PXLSYKLXLIWEQIXIGLRSPSK]YWIHJSVQEOMRKGEWXMRTPEGI concrete should be considered in precasting, specific mixture

*MK{*SVQPMRIVVIPMIJTEXXIVRW TVSTSVXMSRW ERH QM\MRK TVSGIHYVIW HMJJIV JVSQ XLSWI JSV conventional concrete, particularly in the emphasis on finish ERHHYVEFMPMX]SJXLIGSRGVIXIWYVJEGI4VIGEWXQERYJEGXYVIVW YWYEPP]HIWMKRERHGSRXVSPXLIGSRGVIXIYWIHJSVXLITVIGEWX TVSHYGXFEWIHSRWIZIVEPJEGXSVW *MRMWLWMÎERHWLETISJYRMXWXSFIGEWX 8LI GSRWSPMHEXMSR QIXLSH WLSYPH FI ORS[R XS HIXIV QMRIVIUYMVIH[SVOEFMPMX] 1E\MQYQWMÎSJGSEVWIEKKVIKEXI 6IUYMVIHGSQTVIWWMZIWXVIRKXL Required surface finish as it affects the ratio of coarse to fine aggregate. )\TSWYVIXSWIZIVI[IEXLIVSVIRZMVSRQIRXEPGSRHMXMSRW ;EXIVGIQIRXVEXMSERHGSRWMWXIRG] WPYQT {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Î XLI WEZMRKW MR TPEGMRK PEFSV GERQSVIXLERSJJWIXLMKLIVQEXIVMEPGSWXW :EVMEXMSRMRXLI[EXIVGIQIRXVEXMS [G GEREJJIGXGSPSV YRMJSVQMX]MREVGLMXIGXYVEPTERIPW8LI[GWLSYPHFIGSRWMW XIRXJVSQFEXGLXSFEXGLJVSQXLIFIKMRRMRKSJXLITVSNIGXXS XLIIRHFIGEYWIPEGOSJGSPSVYRMJSVQMX]MRGVIEWIWXLITSWWM FMPMX]SJTVIGEWXGSRGVIXITERIPVINIGXW 'SRGVIXI QM\XYVIW WLSYPH EP[E]W LEZI GSRWMWXIRG] ERH [SVOEFMPMX] WYMXEFPI JSV XLI TVSNIGX GSRHMXMSRW ,IEZMP] VIMRJSVGIHXLMRWIGXMSRWVIUYMVIEQSVITPEWXMGQM\XYVIXLER PEVKIQIQFIVW[MXLPMXXPIVIMRJSVGIQIRX,MKLVERKI[EXIV VIHYGIVWGERMRGVIEWI[SVOEFMPMX][LMPIQEMRXEMRMRKEVIPE XMZIP]PS[[G. It is important that the specifier realize that IZIR[MXLXLIWEQITVSTSVXMSRWWPYQTQE]ZEV][MXLIRZM VSRQIRXEP GSRHMXMSRW ERH RSVQEP ZEVMEXMSRW MR QEXIVMEPW


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'SRGVIXIQM\XYVIWYWMRKREXYVEPWERHERHKVEZIPEKKVIKEXIW VIUYMVI PIWW [EXIV JSV [SVOEFMPMX] XLER GSRGVIXI QM\XYVIW YWMRKGVYWLIHWERHERHGVYWLIHGSEVWIEKKVIKEXI8LIWLETI ERHWMÎSJXLIEKKVIKEXIEJJIGX[EXIVHIQERH[LMGLMRXYVR EJJIGXXLI[G 4VSTSVXMSRMRK{'SRGVIXI QM\XYVIW WLSYPH FI TVSTSVXMSRIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL %'- ERH %'- 211.2-98 to produce a specified compressive strength of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by volume of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate usually is on XLISVHIVSJJSVJEGMRKQM\XYVIW7XERHEVHQM\XYVIWEVI YWYEPP]MRXLIVERKISJXS*SVPMKLX[IMKLXEKKVIKEXI GSRGVIXI QM\XYVIW ZSPYQI VEXMS ZEVMIW HITIRHMRK SR XLI X]TISJPMKLX[IMKLXEKKVIKEXIYWIH8LIEKKVIKEXITVSHYGIV should be consulted about specific material characteristics and recommended mixture designs. A lower ratio of fine XS GSEVWI EKKVIKEXI VIWYPXW MR E QSVI YRMJSVQP] XI\XYVIH finish caused by a maximum concentration of coarse aggre KEXIMRXLIJEGMRKQM\XYVI%PPQM\XYVIWJSVTERIPWI\TSWIH XS JVII^MRK ERH XLE[MRK WLSYPH MRGPYHI IRXVEMRIH EMV JSV MRGVIEWIHHYVEFMPMX] *EGMRK ERH FEGOYT QM\XYVIW{(MJJIVMRK EKKVI KEXI KVEHMRK ERH QM\XYVI TVSTSVXMSR HIWMKRW JSV JEGMRK QM\XYVIGSRGVIXIWQEOIMXMQTSWWMFPIXSVIGSQQIRHEKMZIR TIVGIRXEKISJEMVJSVXLIWIQM\XYVIW'SRWYPX120 JSVEHHMXMSREPMRJSVQEXMSR 7XERHEVHQM\XYVIWQE]FIYWIHEWFEGOYTQM\XYVIWMJXLI TL]WMGEP GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW EVI WMQMPEV XS XLI JEGMRK GSRGVIXI ;LIVIETVIGEWXYRMXGSRWMWXWSJEJEGIERHFEGOYTQM\XYVIXLI mixtures should have similar shrinkage, thermal coefficients SJI\TERWMSRERHQSHYPYWSJIPEWXMGMX]XSEZSMHYRHYIFS[MRK SV[EVTMRK'SRWIUYIRXP]XLIWIQM\XYVIWWLSYPHLEZIWMQMPEV [EXIVGIQIRX ERH EKKVIKEXIGIQIRX VEXMSW 'SQFMRMRK E RSVQEP[IMKLXJEGIQM\XYVIERHEFEGOYTGSRGVIXI[MXLPMKLX [IMKLXEKKVIKEXIWQE]MRGVIEWIFS[MRKSV[EVTMRK 1M\MRK{1M\MRK TVSGIHYVIW YWIH MR XLI QERYJEG XYVISJTVIGEWX[EPPTERIPWZEV]HYIXSXLIZEVMIX]SJIUYMT QIRXERHQIXLSHWSJTERIPJEFVMGEXMSR8SQEMRXEMRFEXGL XSFEXGLYRMJSVQMX]QEXIVMEPWWLSYPHFITVSTIVP]WIUYIRGIH ERHFPIRHIHHYVMRKQM\IVGLEVKMRK+SSHQM\MRKTVEGXMGIW MRGPYHIXLIJSPPS[MRK 1M\IVWLSYPHFISTIVEXMRK[LMPIEPPQEXIVMEPWEVIFIMRK GLEVKIH %HQM\XYVIWWLSYPHIRXIVXLIQM\IVMREGGSVHERGI[MXL XLIEHQM\XYVIQERYJEGXYVIVWvVIGSQQIRHEXMSRWERHFI

GLEVKIH MRXS XLI QM\IV EX GSRWMWXIRX XMQIW HYVMRK XLI QM\MRKWIUYIRGI 4MKQIRXW WLSYPH FI TVIQIEWYVIH ERH FEXGLIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI TMKQIRX QERYJEGXYVIVWv VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW ;LIVI QM\XYVIW SJ ]H Q SV PIWW EVI YWIH aggregates may be placed into the mixer first and then XLIGIQIRXERH[EXIVMRXVSHYGIHXSKIXLIV 1M\MRK XMQI{%JXIV EPP QEXIVMEPW LEZI IRXIVIH XLIQM\IVXLI]WLSYPHFIQM\IHJSVEXPIEWXQMRYXISVEW VIGSQQIRHIHF]XLIQM\IVQERYJEGXYVIVYRXMPEPPMRKVIHM IRXWEVIXLSVSYKLP]HMWXVMFYXIHERHXLIQM\XYVIMWLSQSKI RISYW %PP GSRGVIXI WLSYPH FI HMWGLEVKIH [LMPI XLI QM\IV HVYQ SV FPEHIW EVI VSXEXMRK 6IUYMVIH QM\MRK XMQI ZEVMIW [MXL GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW SJ XLI GSRGVIXI QM\XYVI ERH QM\IV % XMQIV WLSYPH FI YWIH XS IRWYVI XLI WEQI QM\MRK XMQI JSV MHIRXMGEPWMÎ FEXGLIW 4ERX]TI QM\IVW HIWMKRIH JSV LSVM ^SRXEPGSYRXIVGYVVIRXJSVGIHQM\MRKEVIFIXXIVJSVZIV]PS[ WPYQTGSRGVIXI XSMR?XSQQA 'SPH [IEXLIV{;LIR LIEXIH [EXIV SV EKKVI KEXIWEVIYWIHXS[EVQXLIQM\XYVIERHWEXMWJ]GSPH[IEXLIV VIUYMVIQIRXW XLI EHHMXMSR SJ GIQIRX WLSYPH FI HIPE]IH YRXMPEJXIVXLIEKKVIKEXIWERH[EXIVLEZIIRXIVIHXLIQM\IV ERHLEZIFIIRXLSVSYKLP]QM\IHJSVEXPIEWXQMRYXI8LMW allows the water or aggregates to cool sufficiently to avoid flash set when the cement is placed in the mixer. ,SX [IEXLIV{-J XLI EKKVIKEXIW ERH [EXIV EVI * ' SVLMKLIV[LIRGSQFMRIHQM\XYVIGSRWXMXY ents should be cooled before mixing to avoid flash set, cold NSMRXWSVWPYQTPSWW*PEOIMGISVGVYWLIHMGIXLEX[MPPQIPX GSQTPIXIP]HYVMRKQM\MRKWLSYPHFIWYFWXMXYXIHJSVEPPSVTEVX SJXLIQM\MRK[EXIV8STVSZMHITVSHYGXWSJYRMJSVQGSPSVMX MWMQTSVXERXXSGSRXVSPGSRGVIXIXIQTIVEXYVIFIX[IIRERH * ERH' XLVSYKLSYXEPPWIEWSRW 0MKLX[IMKLX GSRGVIXI{1SWX PMKLX[IMKLX EKKVI KEXIWWLSYPHFITVI[IXXIHFIJSVIMRXVSHYGXMSRXSXLIQM\IV 8LMWIPMQMREXIWPSWWMR[SVOEFMPMX]HYIXSVETMHEFWSVTXMSRSJ QM\MRK[EXIV0MKLX[IMKLXEKKVIKEXIERHWERHMJYWIHERH QSWXSJXLI[EXIVEVIRSVQEPP]QM\IHXLSVSYKLP]FIJSVIXLI GIQIRXERHVIQEMRMRK[EXIVEVIEHHIH %VGLMXIGXYVEP GSRGVIXI{%VGLMXIGXYVEP GSRGVIXI VIUYMVIWYRMJSVQQM\MRKTVEGXMGIW1M\IVWWLSYPHFIGPIERIH EJXIVIEGLTIVMSHSJJEFVMGEXMSR&PEHIWSVPMRIVWWLSYPHFI EHNYWXIH SV VITPEGIH TIV QERYJEGXYVIVvW VIGSQQIRHE tions to ensure sufficient mixing. When facing mixtures of TMKQIRXIHGSRGVIXI [MXLFYJJSV[LMXI GIQIRX EVIYWIH MR GSRNYRGXMSR [MXL KVE] GIQIRX FEGOYT GSRGVIXI WITEVEXI QM\IVW ERH LERHPMRK EVVERKIQIRXW EVI VIUYMVIH %PXIVRE XMZIP] [LIR WITEVEXI QM\IVW EVI RSX EZEMPEFPI IUYMTQIRX should be flushed several times and completely cleaned to VIQSZI EPP GSRGVIXI VIWMHYI FIJSVI FIMRK YWIH JSV QM\MRK [LIVIWTIGMEPX]GIQIRXWSVTMKQIRXWEVIVIUYMVIH {6IMRJSVGIQIRXERH[]XLIGSRRIGXSVW 4VIWXVIWWMRK +IRIVEP{7XVYGXYVEPERHMRWYPEXIHWERH[MGL[EPP TERIPW EVI X]TMGEPP] TVIWXVIWWIH JSV LERHPMRK [MRH PSEHW IGGIRXVMGE\MEPPSEHW JSVPSEHFIEVMRKTERIPW ERHPEVKIHSGO


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HSSVSTIRMRKWERHXSGSYRXIVEGXXLIVQEPFS[MRK%VGLMXIG XYVEP TERIPW EVI WSQIXMQIW TVIXIRWMSRIH SV TSWXXIRWMSRIH XS EZSMH GVEGOW GSRXVSP [EVTMRK ERH FS[MRK SV VIMRJSVGI TEVXMGYPEVP]PEVKIYRMXW*MVQERGLSVEKISJXLITVIWXVIWWMRK WXIIPMRETVIWXVIWWMRKFIHSVMRWYMXEFP]HIWMKRIHMRHMZMHYEP QSPHWMWRIGIWWEV];LIRXLITVIWXVIWWMRKJSVGIMWVIPIEWIH concrete compressive strength should be sufficient to meet HIWMKR ERH LERHPMRK VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ XLI TVIGEWX TERIP -R XLIGEWISJTVIWXVIWWIHEVGLMXIGXYVEPTERIPWWTIGMEPEXXIRXMSR WLSYPHFITEMHXSXLIXVERWJIVSJTVIWXVIWWJSVGIXSXLITERIP TEVXMGYPEVP]MJMXMWELIEZMP]WGYPTXYVIHTVIGEWXTERIPSVXLI TERIPLEWQER]STIRMRKW %GGYVEXI WXVERH PSGEXMSR MW MQTSVXERX XS EZSMH MRHYGMRK TIVQERIRX FS[MRK SV [EVTMRK 7XVERH IRHW WLSYPH FI recessed and backfilled with epoxy special grout, or other [MWIGEVIJYPP]TVSXIGXIHXSEZSMHGSVVSWMSR 7XVERHW EVI RSVQEPP] XIRWMSRIH MR X[S MRGVIQIRXW 8LI first increment applies sufficient load to the strands to WXVEMKLXIRXLIQIPMQMREXIWPEGOERHTVSZMHIEWXEVXMRKTSMRX JSVQIEWYVMRKIPSRKEXMSR8LIWIGSRHWXVERHWXVIWWMRKMRGVI ment is then applied until the strands reach final stress and IPSRKEXMSR +EYKI VIEHMRKW ERH IPSRKEXMSR QIEWYVIQIRXW WLSYPHFIXEOIRERHVIGSVHIHJSVIEGLWXVERHFIMRKWXVIWWIH 4VIWXVIWWMRKWXVERHVSHSV[MVIWWLSYPHRIZIVFI[IPHIH 8LILMKLXIQTIVEXYVIQE]TVSHYGIGV]WXEPPMÊXMSRERHGEYWI XLIWXIIPXSPSWIEGSRWMHIVEFPIEQSYRXSJWXVIRKXLERHJEMP [LIRYRHIVXIRWMSR 7XVMRKMRK XLI WXVERHW{7XVERHW EVI RSVQEPP] WYTTPMIHMR VIIPPIWW TEGOW[LIVI XLI WXVERHW GER FITYPPIH JVSQXLIWTSSPGIRXIV8LI]WLSYPHFITPEGIHMRXLIJSVQMRE [E]XLEXEZSMHWIRXERKPIQIRXHYVMRKXLIWXVIWWMRKSTIVEXMSR 7XVERHWJSVTVIXIRWMSRIHTVSHYGXWWLSYPHFIJVIISJHMVXSMP KVIEWISVER]JSVIMKR WYFWXERGIXLEXGER EJJIGXXLIMVFSRH XSGSRGVIXI7XVERHGLYGOWWLSYPHFIGPIER[IPPPYFVMGEXIH GVEGOJVII ERH GETEFPI SJ ERGLSVMRK XLI PSEHW MRHYGIH F] XLIWXVERH[MXLSYXEPPS[MRKI\GIWWMZIWPMTTEKI .EGOMRK{,]HVEYPMG NEGOW [MXL KEYKMRK W]WXIQW EVI RSVQEPP] YWIH XS XIRWMSR WXVERHW ,]HVEYPMG KEYKIW WLSYPH FI EGGYVEXI XS [MXLMR TIVGIRX SJ XLI QE\MQYQ ETTPMIH TVIWWYVI 7XVERH JSVGI WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH F] SFWIVZMRKNEGO KEYKI TVIWWYVIERH QIEWYVMRK WXVERH IPSR KEXMSR 8LI X[S GSRXVSP QIEWYVIQIRXW WLSYPH EKVII [MXL XLIMVGSQTYXIH XLISVIXMGEP ZEPYIW [MXLMR E XSPIVERGI SJ TIVGIRX%HHMXMSREPP]XLIWIX[SZEPYIWWLSYPHEPKIFVEMGEPP] FI[MXLMRTIVGIRXSJIEGLSXLIV-JWXVERHVIEHMRKWEVIRSX [MXLMRXLMWVERKIXIRWMSRMRKWLSYPHFIWXSTTIHERHGSVVIG XMZI QIEWYVIW XEOIR 8]TMGEPP] IPSRKEXMSR WXEVXMRK TSMRXW EVIQEVOIHEJXIVXLIMRMXMEPPFJSVGI O2 MWETTPMIH XSXLIWXVERHXSVIQSZIER]WPEGO 7XVERH HIXIRWMSRMRK{(IXIRWMSRMRK WLSYPH RSX begin until concrete has attained sufficient strength to resist GSQTVIWWMZIJSVGIWMRHYGIHF]XLIWXVERHERHXLIWXVERHLEW FSRHIHXSXLIGSRGVIXIMRTVIXIRWMSRIHGSRWXVYGXMSR7XVERH XVERWJIVMWRSVQEPP]YRHIVXEOIR[LIRXLIGSRGVIXIMWEXPIEWX TWM 14E FYXZEVMIW[MXLHIWMKR)EGLWXVERHWLSYPH FIGYXWMQYPXERISYWP]ERHWPS[P]EXIEGLIRHSJXLITERIP SVTVIWXVIWWMRKFIH(IXIRWMSRMRKWLSYPHFITIVJSVQIHMRE

QERRIVXSOIITJSVGIWW]QQIXVMGEPEFSYXXLITERIPZIVXMGEP ERHLSVM^SRXEPE\IW 6IMRJSVGIQIRX GEKI EWWIQFPMIW{*SV MRJSVQEXMSR SR HIXEMPMRKERH TPEGMRK VIMRJSVGMRK FEVW ERH [IPHIH[MVI VIMRJSVGMRKVIJIVXS%'-%'-XLI 1ERYEP SJ7XERHEVH4VEGXMGI '67- ERH4PEGMRK6IMRJSVGMRK &EVW '67- 4VIGEWX [EPP TERIP VIMRJSVGIQIRX MW YWYEPP] TVIEWWIQFPIH MRXS VMKMH GEKIW YWMRK E XIQTPEXI SV NMKFIJSVIXLIWXIIPMWTPEGIHMRXLIJSVQ'EKIEWWIQFPMIW WLSYPH FI GSRWXVYGXIH XS GPSWI XSPIVERGIW ERH XLI ZEVMSYW TMIGIW WLSYPH FI VMKMHP] GSRRIGXIH F] X]MRK SV [IPHMRK ;LIRGEKIWEVIXMIHWSJXWXEMRPIWWWXIIPSVKEPZERMÎH[MVI SJ EX PIEWX KEYKI QQ MW TVIJIVVIH 6IMRJSVGIQIRX GEKIW WLSYPH FI WIGYVIP] WYWTIRHIH JVSQ XLI FEGO SJ XLI QSPHWERH LIPHGPIEV SJER] I\TSWIHWYVJEGI8LIWYWTIR sion system should firmly hold the assembly in its proper TSWMXMSRHYVMRKGSRGVIXITPEGMRKERHGSRWSPMHEXMSR4IVQE RIRXWTEGIVWSVGLEMVWWYTTSVXIHSRXLIJSVQSJERI\TSWIH GSRGVIXI WYVJEGI QE] QEV XLI ETTIEVERGI SJ XLI TVIGEWX TERIP-JTSWWMFPIEZSMHYWMRKGLEMVW-JYWIHWTEGIVWWLSYPH FISJEX]TIERHQEXIVMEPXLEX[MPPRSXGEYWIWTEPPMRKSJXLI GSRGVIXIVYWXQEVOWSVSXLIVHIPIXIVMSYWIJJIGXW ;LIR GSRGVIXI MW TPEGIH EPP VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLSYPH FI JVII SJ KVIEWI SMP [E\ HMVX TEMRX PSSWI VYWX QMPP WGEPI SVSXLIVGSRXEQMRERXWXLEXQE]VIHYGIFSRHFIX[IIRWXIIP ERHGSRGVIXISVWXEMRXLIGSRGVIXIWYVJEGI6IMRJSVGMRKWXIIP WLSYPHRSXFIFIRXEJXIVFIMRKIQFIHHIHMRJVIWLGSRGVIXI ;IPHMRKSJVIMRJSVGIQIRX{8EGO[IPHMRKMWSRP] VIGSQQIRHIH JSV MRGVIEWIH VMKMHMX] ERH WLSYPH RSX FI MRHMWGVMQMREXIP]YWIH;LIREFWSPYXIP]RIGIWWEV][IPHMRK should be done by certified welders with written approval of XLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXERHMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLITVSZMWMSRW SJXLI%QIVMGER;IPHMRK7SGMIX] %;7( -JITS\]GSEXIHFEVWEVIXSFI[IPHIHXLIGSEXMRKWLSYPH FI VIQSZIH F] EGMH IXGLMRK ERH VMRWMRK XLI FEV MR GPIEV [EXIVSVF]QIGLERMGEPQIERWWYGLEW[MVIFVYWLMRKEFVE WMZIFPEWXMRKSVKVMRHMRK%PPWYVJEGIWXSFI[IPHIHWLSYPH FIFVMKLXERHGPIER8LIGPIEREVIEWLSYPHFIEXPIEWXMR QQ PEVKIVXLERXLEX[LMGLMWXSFI[IPHIHSREPPWMHIWSJ XLI[IPH%JXIV[IPHMRKXLIVIMRJSVGIQIRXWLSYPHFITEMRXIH [MXLITS\]GSEXMRKXSQEXGLSVMKMREPGSEXMRK ;IPHMRKKEPZERMÎHVIMRJSVGIQIRXVIUYMVIWEWTIGMEPX]TI SJ [IPHMRK VSH ;IPHMRK VIQSZIW XLI ^MRG GSEXMRK MR XLI [IPHEVIE&IGEYWI^MRGJYQIWEVIXS\MGEHIUYEXIZIRXMPE XMSRQYWXFITVSZMHIHXSVIQSZIJYQIW 7QEPP XEGO [IPHW TVSZMHI WYFWXERXMEP WXEFMPMX] XS VIMR JSVGMRKFEVGEKIWFYXEVIRSXVIGSQQIRHIHJSVEXXEGLQIRXXS QEMRVIMRJSVGIQIRXFIGEYWIWXIIPGV]WXEPPMÊXMSR IQFVMXXPI QIRXSVQIXEPPYVKMGEPRSXGL GERSGGYV8EGO[IPHWXLEXHS RSXFIGSQIETEVXSJTIVQERIRX[IPHWSJVIMRJSVGMRKWXIIP EVITVSLMFMXIHF]%;7(YRPIWWETTVSZIHF]XLI IRKMRIIV ,S[IZIV XEGO [IPHMRK VIMRJSVGIQIRX EX PSGE XMSRW[LIVIFEVWHSRSXLEZIEWXVYGXYVEPJYRGXMSRWLSYPHFI EPPS[IH*SVI\EQTPI[IPHMRKXLISYXWMHIFEVIRH[MXLMR FEVHMEQIXIVWJVSQXLIJVIIIRHSJXLIFEVQE]EMHMRJEFVMGE XMSRSJVIMRJSVGMRKGEKIW 6IMRJSVGMRK FEVW WLSYPH RSX FI [IPHIH [MXLMR X[S FEV HMEQIXIVWSVEQMRMQYQSJXSMR XSQQ JVSQE


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GSPHFIRHEWXLMWGERVIWYPXMRYRTVIHMGXEFPIFILEZMSVSJXLI VIMRJSVGMRKFEVEXXLIFIRH8EGO[IPHMRKWLSYPHFITIVJSVQIH without significantly diminishing the effective steel area, or XLIVIMRJSVGMRKFEVEVIEWLSYPHFISRIXLMVHPEVKIVMREVIEXLER VIUYMVIH0S[LIEXWLSYPHFIYWIHXSVIHYGIYRHIVGYXXMRKXLI IJJIGXMZIWXIIPEVIESJXLIVIMRJSVGMRKFEV %ZSMH[IPHMRKLMKLIVWXVIRKXLWXIIPWYRPIWWTVSTIV[IPHMRK TVSGIHYVIWEVITVSZMHIHMR[VMXMRK8LIWITVSGIHYVIWWLSYPH MHIRXMJ] XLI X]TI SJ TVILIEX ERH [IPHMRK VSHW XS FI YWIH ;IPHMRKWLSYPHFITVSLMFMXIHRIEVTVIWXVIWWMRKWXIIP ;]XLIGSRRIGXSVWJSVMRWYPEXIHTERIPW 7XIIP XVYWWIW TPEXIW ERH GSRRIGXSVW{7XIIP XVYWWIWWLSYPHFIMRWXEPPIHTIVXVYWWQERYJEGXYVIVvWMRWXVYG XMSRW 8]TMGEPP] WXIIP XVYWWIW EVI XMIH XS XLI JEWGME []XLI YWMRK [IPHIH[MVI VIMRJSVGIQIRX ERH GSRGVIXI MW TPEGIH MRXLIFSXXSQ []XLI8LIXVYWWMW XLIRVEMWIH SVVSXEXIHXS ZIVXMGEPTSWMXMSRWSX[SXLMVHWSJXLIXVYWWI\XIRHWSYXSJXLI GSRGVIXI-RWYPEXMSRMWTPEGIHFIX[IIRZIVXMGEPXVYWWIW%R] KETWEVIWIEPIH[MXLXETISVGEYPO 1IXEP XMIW{8]TMGEPP] QIXEP GPMTW EVI ' SV 1WLETIH ERH TYRGLIH XLVSYKL XLI MRWYPEXMSR FIJSVI TPEGMRKMRWYPEXMSREXSTXLIJEWGME[]XLIGSRGVIXI'SRGVIXI EVSYRHXLIGSRRIGXSVWWLSYPHFIGSQTEGXIHXSTVSZMHIKSSH ERGLSVEKI ,MKLWXVIRKXL*64GSQTSWMXIGSRRIGXSVW{;LMPI MRWXEPPMRK XLIWI GSRRIGXSVW JSPPS[ QERYJEGXYVIVvW MRWXVYG XMSRWXSIRWYVIERGLSVEKISJXLIGSRRIGXSVWMRXLIGSRGVIXI 8]TMGEPP] MRWYPEXMSR [MXL TVIHVMPPIH LSPIW MW TPEGIH EXST XLI JEWGME[]XLI GSRGVIXI ERH GSRRIGXSVW EVI MRWIVXIH MR XLI TVIHVMPPIH LSPIW 8LMW WLSYPH SGGYV [MXLMR QMRYXIW SJ TPEGMRK XLI JEWGME[]XLI GSRGVIXI 'SRGVIXI EVSYRH XLI GSRRIGXSVW WLSYPH FI GSRWSPMHEXIH XS EGLMIZI TVSTIV ERGLSVEKI SJ XLI GSRRIGXSVW +ETW PEVKIV XLER MR mm) between insulation sheets should be filled with spray JSEQXSTVIZIRXGSRGVIXIJVSQIRXIVMRKXLIKETERHGVIEXMRK EXLIVQEPFVMHKI Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rein JSVGIQIRX—Like steel trusses, carbon fiber trusses are MRWXEPPIHFIX[IIRX[SWMHIF]WMHIMRWYPEXMSRWLIIXW'*64 WLIEVXVYWWIWEVITVIGYXXSXLIHIWMVIHPIRKXLERH[MHXLERH MRWIVXIHFIX[IIRMRWYPEXMSRWLIIXW'EVIWLSYPHFIXEOIRXS MRWXEPPXVYWWIWEXXLIGSVVIGXHITXLXSEGLMIZITVSTIVIQFIH ment depth. Carbon fiber shear trusses can be stapled to the MRWYPEXMSRIHKIEXXLIGSVVIGXHITXLFIJSVITPEGMRKXLIMRWY PEXMSR+ETWPEVKIVXLERMR QQ FIX[IIRMRWYPEXMSR sheets should be filled with spray foam to prevent concrete JVSQIRXIVMRKXLIKETERHGVIEXMRKEXLIVQEPFVMHKI {'SRGVIXITPEGIQIRX 8VERWTSVXEXMSR{'SRGVIXI JSV GEWXMRK TVIGEWX [EPP TERIPW MW XVERWTSVXIH JVSQ XLI QM\IV ERH TPEGIH MR JSVQW F] ZEVMSYW QIXLSHW HITIRHMRK SR XLI TVIGEWXMRK STIVE XMSR PE]SYX SV XLI TERIP X]TI FIMRK QERYJEGXYVIH 1ER] TVIGEWXMRKTPERXWLEZIWXEXMSREV]QM\IVWERHHIPMZIVGSRGVIXI XS JSVQW F] FYKKMIW FYGOIXW GSRZI]SVW TYQTW SV SXLIV IUYMTQIRX7SQITVIGEWXMRKTPERXWSTIVEXIJVSQEGSRXVSPPIH VIEH]QM\IHGSRGVIXITPERXERHXVERWTSVXGSRGVIXIF]QM\IV XVYGOW 'SRGVIXI XVYGO HIPMZIV] %781 ''1

MWSJXIR YWIH JSVPEVKIZSPYQIWSJGSRGVIXI -REHHMXMSRXS WTIIHERHIGSRSQ]EZSMHMRKWIKVIKEXMSRMWETVMQIGSRGIVR MR XVERWTSVXMRK GSRGVIXI &IJSVI HIPMZIVMRKE RI[ FEXGLSJ GSRGVIXI LEVHIRIH GSRGVIXI ERH JSVIMKR QEXXIV WLSYPH FI VIQSZIHJVSQXLIWYVJEGIWSJXLIXVERWTSVXEXMSRIUYMTQIRX 7IKVIKEXMSR{8LIEQSYRXSJWIKVIKEXMSRZEVMIW[MXL XLI QM\XYVIGSRWMWXIRG] ERHEKKVIKEXI KVEHMRK7IGSRHEV] JEGXSVWXLEXQE]EJJIGXWIKVIKEXMSREVI[IEXLIVXLEXEJJIGXW GSRWMWXIRG] ERH XLI XVERWTSVXEXMSR QIGLERMWQ )UYMTQIRX WLSYPHFIYWIHXLEXTVSZMHIWXLIPIEWXNEVVMRKERHWIKVIKEXMSR JVSQXLIXMQIXLIGSRGVIXIIRXIVWXLIXVERWTSVXGEVVMIVYRXMP MXMWHIPMZIVIHXSXLIJSVQW'SRGVIXIWLSYPHFIHMWGLEVKIH MRXSJSVQW[LMPIMRMXWSVMKMREPQM\IHSVTPEWXMGWXEXI[MXLSYX WITEVEXMSRSJGSEVWIEKKVIKEXIERHTEWXI 'SRWSPMHEXMSR{'SRGVIXIYWIHMR[EPPTERIPQERY JEGXYVMRKWLSYPHFIGSQTPIXIP]ERHYRMJSVQP]GSRWSPMHEXIH F] MRXIVREP SV I\XIVREP ZMFVEXMSR ZMFVEXMRK WGVIIH MQTEGX SVEGSQFMREXMSRXLIVISJ%PXLSYKLEZEMPEFPIGSRWSPMHEXMSR W]WXIQW ZEV] [MHIP] QSWX EVI WYGGIWWJYP [LIR TVSTIVP] ETTPMIH%'-6ERH%'-6TVIWIRXHIXEMPIH VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW JSV KSSH GSRWSPMHEXMSR TVEGXMGIW ERH GSRXVSPPMRKWYVJEGIHIJIGXW )ZIR GSRGVIXIW GSRXEMRMRK LMKLVERKI [EXIV VIHYGIVW WLSYPHFIGSRWSPMHEXIHF]QMRMQEPZMFVEXMSRYRPIWWGSRGVIXI qualifies as SCC. Regardless of consolidation type, the goal MWXSEZSMHWIKVIKEXMSRERHI\GIWWMZIFPIIHMRK[LMPIGSRWSPM HEXMRKGSRGVIXIMRXSEHIRWIYRMJSVQQEWW[MXLEWYVJEGIEW JVII SJ HIJIGXW EW TVEGXMGEFPI *SYV X]TMGEP ZMFVEXMSR XIGL RMUYIWEVI HIWGVMFIH LIVIEJXIV -X MW VIGSQQIRHIH XLEX XLI GSRWSPMHEXMSR QIXLSH FI PIJX XS XLI TERIP QERYJEGXYVIV EW it depends on formwork, mixtures, and finish, among other JEGXSVW )\XIVREPZMFVEXMSR{)\XIVREPZMFVEXMSRMWYWYEPP] EGLMIZIHF]QSYRXMRKLMKLJVIUYIRG]ZMFVEXSVWHMVIGXP]XS JSVQWSVF]YWMRKEZMFVEXMRKXEFPI8LIWIZMFVEXSVWSTIVEXI EX ZEV]MRK JVIUYIRGMIW ERH EQTPMXYHIW :MFVEXMRK XEFPIW or forms should be sufficiently rigid to transmit vibration YRMJSVQP] SZIV XLI IRXMVI TERIP WYVJEGI [MXLSYX ER] JSVQ damage. A vibrating table works best for flat or low-profile YRMXW%HIKVIISJI\XIVREPZMFVEXMSRQE]FIYWIHXSGSRWSPM HEXI7''FYXKIRIVEPP]RSRIMWVIUYMVIH (VSTXEFPI ZMFVEXMSR{(VSTXEFPI ZMFVEXMSR MW YWIHMRWSQITVIGEWXMRKTPERXWXSGSRWSPMHEXIGSRGVIXI[MXL PS[XSXEP[EXIVGSRXIRX8LIHVSTXEFPI[MPPVMWIERHJEPPER EZIVEKISJ MR QQ EX PS[JVIUYIRG] *VIUYIRGMIW ZEV]FYXEVIETTVS\MQEXIP]G]GPIWTIVQMRYXI -RXIVREPZMFVEXMSR{-RXIVREPZMFVEXMSRMWTIVJSVQIH [MXLEXEQTMRKX]TIQSXSVMÎHNMXXIVFYKSVEWTYHZMFVEXSV 7TYH ZMFVEXSVW WLSYPH RSX FI YWIH XS GSRWSPMHEXI JEGMRK QM\XYVIW &IGEYWI FEGOYT QM\XYVIW EVI KIRIVEPP] WXMJJIV XLI]GERFITPEGIHERHZMFVEXIHMRXLIWEQI[E]XLEXWXVYG XYVEPGSRGVIXIMWMRXIVREPP]ZMFVEXIH:MFVEXSVWWLSYPHRSXFI EPPS[IH XS GSRXEGX MRXIVMSV JSVQ WYVJEGIW FIGEYWI GSRXEGX QE] HEQEKI XLI JSVQ QEV XLI GSRGVIXI WYVJEGI SV HVMZI GSEVWIEKKVIKEXIE[E]JVSQXLIJSVQWYVJEGI %X XMQIW E GSQFMREXMSR SJ I\XIVREP ERH MRXIVREP ZMFVE XMSR MW VIUYMVIH XS TVSTIVP] GSRWSPMHEXI GSRGVIXI ;LIR LMKLWPYQTGSRGVIXIMWTPEGIHWIKVIKEXMSRQE]SGGYV;MXL


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

RSVQEP[IMKLXGSRGVIXIQEXIVMEPWGSEVWIEKKVIKEXIXIRHWXS settle to the bottom and fines rise to the top. With lightweight EKKVIKEXIWXLISTTSWMXISGGYVW *EGMRKGSRGVIXI{*EGMRKGSRGVIXIWLSYPHFIGEVI JYPP]TPEGIHERH[SVOIHMRXSEPP TEVXWSJXLIJSVQ 8LMWMW TEVXMGYPEVP] MQTSVXERX MR I\XIVREP ERH MRXIVREP GSVRIVW JSV XVYIERHWLEVTGEWXMRKPMRIW)EGLFEXGLSJGSRGVIXIWLSYPH be placed as close as possible to its final position. The entire QEWWWLSYPHFIGSRWSPMHEXIHF]ZMFVEXMSR[MXLEWPMXXPIPEXIVEP QSZIQIRXEWTSWWMFPI*EGIQM\XYVIXLMGORIWWEJXIVGSRWSPMHE XMSRWLSYPHFIEXPIEWXMR QQ SVXMQIWXLIQE\MQYQ WMÎSJEKKVIKEXI[LMGLIZIVMWXLMGOIV*EGMRKGSRGVIXIWLSYPH be sufficiently thick to prevent any backup concrete from FPIIHMRKXLVSYKLERHWLS[MRKSRXLII\TSWIHJEGI -R HIIT VIXYVRW I\GIWWMZI EMV TSGOIXW EVI SJXIR GVIEXIH SR XLI JSVQIH WYVJEGI 8LIWI GER KIRIVEPP] FI IPMQMREXIH F] VSHHMRK XLI GSRGVIXI EX XLI VIXYVR WYVJEGI [MXL E XLMR flat, spade-like tool after internally vibrating the concrete. 7IUYIRXMEPGEWXMRKHMWGYWWIHMR7IGXMSRMWEXIGLRMUYI XLEXQMRMQMÎWEMVTSGOIXJSVQEXMSRSRXLIJSVQIHWYVJEGI

+IRIVEP QIXLSHW{9WYEPP] [LIR E TVIGEWX TERIP TVSNIGX VIEGLIW XLI JEFVMGEXMSR WXEKI GSPSV ERH XI\XYVI ETTVSZEP[MPPLEZIFIIR WIX 'SPSVERH XI\XYVIETTVSZEPMW KIRIVEPP] EGGSQTPMWLIH F] WYFQMXXMRK E WQEPP WEQTPI SV MRWSQIGEWIWEJYPPWMÎYRMXJSVETTVSZEPF]XLIIRKMRIIV EVGLMXIGX*SVWXVYGXYVEPTERIPWGSPSVMWSJXIRRSXEVIUYMVI ment if project specifications call for the panel surface to be TEMRXIHSVWXEMRIH Surface finishes can be achieved in many ways, depending SR XLI HIWMVIH EVGLMXIGXYVEP IJJIGX 7SQI WYVJEGI XVIEX ments or finishes are executed when the concrete is plastic, [LIVIEWSXLIVWEVITIVJSVQIH[LIRXLIGSRGVIXILEWLEVH IRIH *MRMWLIW SR JVIWL GSRGVIXI KIRIVEPP] YWI SRI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRKQIXLSHW Brooming, floating, or troweling the back face. 'LIQMGEPWYVJEGIVIXEVHIVW 'PE]TVSHYGXZIRIIVJEGIW 6IZIEPWQEHI[MXLVYFFIVWXVMTWKPYIHHS[RSVQEKRIX MGEPP]FSRHIHXSXLIWXIIPJSVQGEWXMRKFIH 7ERHGEWXMRK Smooth metal form finish with field-applied color stains SVTEMRX Special form finish. 7XSRIZIRIIVJEGIW 7YVJEGIXI\XYVMRKYWMRKJSVQPMRIVW Thin brick placed in GFRP frames with concrete filling XLINSMRXW ;EXIV[EWLMRKFVYWLMRKSVFSXL 7YVJEGIXVIEXQIRXSJLEVHIRIHGSRGVIXIWYVJEGIWVIUYMVIW QSVIPEFSVERHGERFIQSVIWYWGITXMFPIXSZEVMEXMSRW%ZEMP EFPIQIXLSHWMRGPYHI %GMHIXGLMRK Artificially created broken rib texture (hammered ribs or fractured fins). &YWLLEQQIVMRKSVSXLIVQIGLERMGEPXSSPMRK ,ERHFVYWLMRKTS[IVVSXEV]FVYWLIWSVFSXL

,SRMRKERHTSPMWLMRK 7ERHSVSXLIVEFVEWMZIFPEWXMRK Refer to PCI MNL-122-07 for additional finishes and further discussion of finish treatments. Regardless of the type of finishing method, factors such as type and brand of TSVXPERHGIQIRXEKKVIKEXIWGSQTVIWWMZIWXVIRKXLW EXXMQI of final architectural finishing), and curing techniques used all affect final appearance. When finishes remove part of the GSRGVIXI WYVJEGI XLI VIWYPXMRK TERIPWLSYPHLEZI EHIUYEXI GSZIV SZIV XLI VIMRJSVGIQIRX XS TVIZIRX GSVVSWMSR ERH WXEMRMRK All finishing methods for a project should be studied FIJSVI IRXIVMRK JYPP JEFVMGEXMSR 8LI TVIGEWX QERYJEGXYVIV WLSYPH HIZIPST UYEPMX] VIUYMVIQIRXW JSV EPP EVGLMXIGXYVEP finishes before undertaking fabrication of such finishes. The finishing process should produce an acceptable uniform ETTIEVERGI [MXLSYX PSWW SJ VIUYMVIH GSRGVIXI UYEPMXMIW When two or more different mixtures or finishes are on the WEQITERIPEHIQEVGEXMSR VIZIEP JIEXYVIMWRIGIWWEV] 4ERIPW[MXLPEVKISVWXIITVIXYVRW WYGLEWGLERRIPGSPYQR GSZIVWERHWSQIWTERHVIPW QE]FIGEWXMRWITEVEXITMIGIWXS achieve matching high-quality finishes on all exposed faces ERH QMRMQMÎ EMV TSGOIXW ;LIR XLIWI TERIPW EVI NSMRIH XLI] EVI NSMRIH [MXL HV] NSMRXW EW MPPYWXVEXIH MR *MK 8LMWGEWXMRKQIXLSHIREFPIWEPPTERIPWXSFIGEWXJEGIHS[R [MXL XLI WEQI EKKVIKEXI SVMIRXEXMSR ERH GSRGVIXI HIRWMX] YWMRK GSRZIRXMSREP TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI JSVQMRK QIXLSHW &EGO JSVQMRK MW XLIR RSX VIUYMVIH ERH E GSQFMREXMSR SJ JEGI QM\XYVI ERH FEGOYT QM\XYVI GER FI YWIH VEXLIV XLER TIVGIRXJEGIQM\XYVI;LIRXLMWJEFVMGEXMSRQIXLSHMW MRHMGEXIHEXXIRXMSRWLSYPHFITEMHXSWYMXEFPIGSVRIVHIXEMPW ERHVIMRJSVGIQIRXEXXLIHV]NSMRXW%PXLSYKLXLIHV]NSMRX QE]RSXWLS[[MXLGIVXEMRQM\XYVIWERHXI\XYVIWEKVSSZI [MPP LIPT QEWO XLI NSMRX ;LIVI HIWMVIH XLMW NSMRX GER FI recessed sufficiently deep to allow installation of a small FEGOIVVSHERHTPEGIQIRXSJEMR QQ FIEHSJNSMRX WIEPERX *MK 7SQIXMQIWTVIGEYXMSRWEVIRIGIWWEV]XS IRWYVI[EXIVXMKLXRIWWSJXLIHV]NSMRXW 'LIQMGEP WYVJEGI VIXEVHIVW{'LIQMGEP WYVJEGI VIXEVHIVWEVIEZEMPEFPIMRZEV]MRKGSRGIRXVEXMSRWXSGSRXVSP XLIHITXLSJEKKVIKEXII\TSWYVI8LI]QE]FIYWIHXSXVIEX the finished exposed surface whether it is cast up or cast HS[RSRXLIFSXXSQSJXLITERIP6IXEVHIVWGSRWMHIVIHJSV E TVSNIGX WLSYPH FI XLSVSYKLP] IZEPYEXIH YRHIV TVIZEMPMRK TVSNIGXGSRHMXMSRWFIJSVIJEFVMGEXMSR8LIVIXEVHIVWIPIGXIH WLSYPH FI GSQTEXMFPI [MXL XLI TEVXMGYPEV X]TI ERH WSYVGI of cement, aggregates, and specific mixture selected for the TERIPW7YVJEGIVIXEVHIVIJJIGXMZIRIWWZEVMIW[LIRXLILIEX SJL]HVEXMSRSJXLIGIQIRXMWEPXIVIH8LILIEXSJL]HVEXMSR QE] FI EPXIVIH F] PEVKIV GSRGVIXI QEWWIW TVIGEWX TVSHYGX HITXL GLERKIWMR EQFMIRX XIQTIVEXYVILYQMHMX] SVFSXL ERHF]YWMRKMRWYPEXIHTERIPWSVGLERKMRKGIQIRXW %TTP]MRK VIXEVHIV{'LIQMGEP WYVJEGI VIXEVHIVW EVIWTIGMEPMÎHGLIQMGEPWXLEXHIPE]FYXHSRSXTVIZIRXXLI WIXSJXLIWYVJEGIGIQIRXTEWXIWSXLEXXLIGSRGVIXIEKKVI KEXI GER FI IEWMP] I\TSWIH *SVQ VIXEVHIVW EVI YWYEPP] JEWXHV]MRK WSPZIRXFEWIH QEXIVMEPW HIWMKRIH XS VIWMWX XLI EFVEWMSRMRLIVIRX[LIRTPEGMRKGSRGVIXIMRXSJSVQWGSEXIH


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

*MK{%KKVIKEXII\TSWIHYWMRKWYVJEGIVIXEVHIVW

*MK{7IUYIRXMEPTVIGEWXMRK

[MXL E VIXEVHIV 6IXEVHIVW ETTPMIH XS XLI XST WYVJEGI SJ JVIWLP] TPEGIH GSRGVIXI EVI YWYEPP] [EXIVFEWIH QEXIVMEPW &SXL VIXEVHIV X]TIW LEZI VIXEVHEXMSR WXVIRKXL JSVQYPEXIH XS TVSHYGI HMJJIVIRX VIZIEP HITXLW 9WYEPP] EJXIV WYMXEFPI XIWXMRK XLI SRI WIPIGXIH I\TSWIW XS TIVGIRX SJ XLI EKKVIKEXI TEVXMGPI MRXIRHIH XS FI I\TSWIH EX XLI WYVJEGI

6IXEVHIVWGERFIETTPMIHF]VSPPIVFVYWLSVWTVE])\XVIQI GEVI WLSYPH FI XEOIR XS IRWYVI YRMJSVQ ETTPMGEXMSR SJ XLI VIXEVHIVXSXLIQSPHSVGSRGVIXIWYVJEGI Because the most suitable period for providing the final WYVJEGIXVIEXQIRXQE]ZEV]JVSQXSLSYVWEJXIVGEWXMRK TVIPMQMREV] XIWXW WLSYPH FI TIVJSVQIH YRHIV NSF GSRHM XMSRWFIJSVITPERRMRKXLIGEWXMRKJSVEPEVKITVSNIGX;LIR VIQSZMRK XLI GSRGVIXI QEXVM\ F] [EXIV WGVYFFMRK SV SXLIV QIGLERMGEPTVSGIWWIWXLII\TSWMRKSTIVEXMSRWLSYPHFIKMR MQQIHMEXIP]EJXIVWXVMTTMRKERHFIJSVIXLIQEXVM\FIGSQIW I\GIWWMZIP] LEVH 9RJSVQIH WYVJEGIW QE] FI XVIEXIH EX ER] XMQI EJXIV MRMXMEP WIX LEW XEOIR TPEGI 7YVJEGIVIXEVHIH GSRGVIXIMWWLS[RMR*MK %FVEWMZI FPEWXMRK XS I\TSWI EKKVIKEXI{'SRGVIXI EKIMWRSXEWGVMXMGEPJSVEFVEWMZIFPEWXMRKEWJSVSXLIVQIXLSHW SJI\TSWMRKEKKVIKEXIW'SRGVIXIWLSYPHFIPIWWXLERXS HE]WSPHERHEPPTERIPWWLSYPHLEZIETTVS\MQEXIP]XLIWEQI GSQTVIWWMZIWXVIRKXL'SRGVIXIQM\XYVIYWIHGSQTVIWWMZI WXVIRKXL EX XMQI SJ EFVEWMZI FPEWXMRK ERH XLI EFVEWMZIvW grading and hardness all affect final exposure. Sand or abra WMZIFPEWXMRKTVSHYGIWEQYXIHSVJVSWXIHIJJIGXXLEXXIRHWXS PMKLXIRGSPSVERHWYFHYIEKKVIKEXIPYWXIV2S^^PIHMEQIXIV EMVTVIWWYVIERHX]TISJEFVEWMZIWLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHF] I\TIVMQIRXEXMSR ;LIRWERHMWYWIHEWXLIEFVEWMZIXLIIJJIGXSJXLIWERHvW GSPSVSRXLITERIPWLSYPHFIVIZMI[IH'IVXEMRGSQFMREXMSRW SJFPEWXMRKWERHKVEHMRKTVIWWYVIERHZSPYQIGERIQFIH WSQIFPEWXMRKWERHMRXLIGSRGVIXIWYVJEGI&IGEYWISJXLMW FPEWXMRK WERH SJ WMQMPEV GSPSV XS XLI WERH MR XLI GSRGVIXI QEXVM\ WLSYPH FI YWIH 8LMW WMXYEXMSR GER FI QMRMQMÎH F] GLERKMRK XLI EQSYRX SJ QEXIVMEP XLEX LMXW XLI WYVJEGI GLERKMRKXLIKVEHMRKSJXLIFPEWXMRKEFVEWMZIERHGLERKMRK XLITVIWWYVIEXXLIFPEWXMRKRS^^PI3RGIXLIFPEWXMRKWERH LEWFIIRWIPIGXIHXLIWEQIWERHERHKVEHMRKWLSYPHFIYWIH XLVSYKLSYXXLITVSNIGX7YVJEGIVIXEVHIVWYWIHMRGSRNYRGXMSR [MXLWERHFPEWXMRKGERVIHYGIWERHFPEWXMRKXMQIERHPEFSV The surface of large flat panels should be separated into WQEPPIVWIGXMSRW[MXLVYWXMGEXMSRWXVMTWSVF]YWMRKVMFWERHJSVQ PMRIVWXSQMRMQMÎXLIZMWYEPTIVGITXMSRSJXI\XYVEPHMJJIVIRGIW 1EXIVMEPWYWIHJSVFPEWXMRKSTIVEXMSRWMRGPYHI ;EWLIHWMPMGEWERH


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

'IVXEMRLEVHERKYPEVWERHW %PYQMRYQGEVFMHI &PEWXMRKKVMXWYGLEWTS[IVTPERXFSMPIVWPEK 'EVFSRMÎHL]HVSGEVFSR 'VYWLIHGLEX 3VKERMGKVMXWWYGLEWKVSYRHRYXLYPPWERHGSVRGSFW Deep exposure of coarse aggregate requires a finer KVEHEXMSR SJ WERH EFVEWMZI XS SFXEMR YRMJSVQ VIWYPXW 8VMEPWSJHMJJIVIRXEFVEWMZIQEXIVMEPW[MXLWEQTPITERIPW EVI QEHI XS GLIGO XLI XI\XYVI ERH GSPSV XSRIW 7ERH FPEWXIH GSRGVIXI LEZMRK PMKLX XS QIHMYQ I\TSWYVI MW WLS[RMR*MK Exposed aggregate finishes are popular because they are VIEWSREFP]TVMGIHERHTVSZMHIEZEVMIX]SJETTIEVERGIW8LMW ZEVMIX]MWEGLMIZIHF]ZEV]MRKXLIX]TIGSPSVERHWMÎSJEKKVI KEXIQEXVM\GSPSVI\TSWYVIQIXLSHERHI\TSWYVIHITXL 8LIHMJJIVIRXHIKVIIWSJI\TSWYVIEVI 0MKLX I\TSWYVI{3RP] XLI WYVJEGI WOMRSJ GIQIRX ERH WERH MW VIQSZIH XS I\TSWI XLI IHKIW SJ XLI GPSWIWX GSEVWIEKKVIKEXI 1IHMYQ I\TSWYVI{'IQIRX ERH WERH EVI VIQSZIH WS XLI GSEVWI EKKVIKEXI ETTIEVW ETTVS\MQEXIP] IUYEP MR EVIEXSXLIQEXVM\ (IIT I\TSWYVI{'IQIRX ERH WERH EVI VIQSZIH JVSQ XLIWYVJEGIWSXLEXGSEVWIEKKVIKEXIFIGSQIWXLIQENSV WYVJEGIJIEXYVI 8LII\XIRX XS [LMGL EKKVIKEXIW EVI I\TSWIH SV VIZIEPIH MW PEVKIP] HIXIVQMRIH F] XLIMV WMÎ 6IZIEP WLSYPH RSX FI KVIEXIV XLER SRIXLMVH XLI EZIVEKI HMEQIXIV SJ XLI GSEVWI EKKVIKEXITEVXMGPIWSVSRILEPJXLIHMEQIXIVSJXLIWQEPPIWX GSEVWIEKKVIKEXI %PP WERHFPEWX STIVEXSVW WLSYPH FI TVSXIGXIH [MXL LIEZ] KPSZIW ETVSRW SV TVSXIGXMZI GPSXLMRK ERH EMVJIH VIWTMVE XSV] TVSXIGXMSR IUYMTQIRX (YI XS IRZMVSRQIRXEP TSPPY XMSRGSQTPMERGI YWIGEYXMSR[LIRWIPIGXMRK EFVEWMZIKVMXW that produce very fine particles after impacting the surface. (MJJIVIRXIUYMTQIRXQE]FIVIUYMVIHJSV[IXFPEWXMRK ,SRMRK ERH TSPMWLMRK{,SRMRK ERH TSPMWLMRK TVSZMHIW E WQSSXL I\TSWIHEKKVIKEXI WYVJEGI ,SRMRK MW KIRIVEPP]TIVJSVQIHF]YWMRKKVMRHMRKXSSPWMRWXEKIW[MXL successive degrees of grit fineness varying from approxi QEXIP]2S QQ GSEVWIKVMXXSE2S Q fine grit. Polishing can be done with finer grits. Generally, honing alone provides a sufficiently smooth surface for TVIGEWXTERIPW +VMRHMRKIPIQIRXWEVIQEHI[MXLGEVFSVYRHYQFSRHIHF] VIWMRSV[MXLHMEQSRHWWIXMRKVMRHMRKWYVJEGIW(MEQSRH IPIQIRXWGYXJEWXIVERH[IEVPSRKIVFYXEVIMRMXMEPP]QSVI I\TIRWMZI ,SRMRK ERH TSPMWLMRK IUYMTQIRX ZEVMIW JVSQ LERH KVMRHIVWXSIPEFSVEXIQYPXMLIEHQEGLMRIW%MV ZSMHW in the concrete surface should be filled with cementitious TEWXI [LIR XLI QEXVM\ MW I\TSWIH HYVMRK MRMXMEP KVMRHMRK Thorough inspection is required to find and fill air voids after MRMXMEPKVMRHMRK7YFWIUYIRXKVMRHMRKWLSYPHFIHIPE]IHYRXMP the fill paste material has gained adequate strength. Strength of the concrete and fill paste material should be 5000 psi 14E FIJSVIFIKMRRMRKER]KVMRHMRKSVTSPMWLMRKSTIV EXMSRW1IHMYQXSHIITI\TSWYVIWTVSZMHIEQSVIYRMJSVQ

*MK{%KKVIKEXII\TSWIHF]WERHFPEWXMRK ETTIEVERGIFIGEYWIGSEVWIEKKVIKEXIWX]TMGEPP]TSPMWLFIXXIV XLERXLIGSRGVIXIQEXVM\ %GMH IXGLMRK{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ÎHERH flushed from the concrete with clear, clean water to prevent ]IPPS[MRK SV SXLIV HMWGSPSVEXMSR 8LI QE\MQYQ XMQI XLEX EGMHWLSYPHFIEPPS[IHXSVIQEMRSRXLIGSRGVIXIWLSYPHRSX I\GIIHQMRYXIW(IITIXGLI\TSWYVIWLSYPHFIEGLMIZIH F]QYPXMTPIXVIEXQIRXWVEXLIVXLERTVSPSRKIHGSRXEGX {'SRGVIXIGYVMRK -RXVSHYGXMSR{Concrete cures provided that suffi GMIRX QSMWXYVI MW TVIWIRX ERH JEZSVEFPI XIQTIVEXYVIW EVI QEMRXEMRIH -R TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI JEFVMGEXMSR MRMXMEP GYVMRK YWYEPP] XEOIW TPEGI MR XLI JSVQ 7IGSRHEV] GYVMRK XEOIW TPEGIEJXIVXLITVSHYGXMWVIQSZIHJVSQXLIJSVQ7IGSRHEV] GYVMRK QE] FI PIWW MQTSVXERX MR TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI FIGEYWI HIWMKRWXVIRKXLW EVI IWXEFPMWLIH WSTERIPW VIWMWX QE\MQYQ WXVIWWIWYWYEPP]SGGYVVMRKHYVMRKWXVMTTMRKERHLERHPMRK'SRGVIXI QM\XYVIWJSVTVIGEWXTERIPWKIRIVEPP]GSRXEMR8]TI---LMKL early-strength cement or very finely ground Type I cement


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with sufficiently high cement contents to assure adequate WXVIRKXL EX WXVMTTMRK YWYEPP] TWM 14E 8LMW WXVIRKXL MW SJXIR EGLMIZIH [MXLMR XS LSYVW [LMPI XLI TVIGEWXTERIPMWWXMPP MRXLIJSVQ4ERIPW[MXLTVIXIRWMSRIH TVIWXVIWWMRK SV TSWXXIRWMSRMRK QE] VIUYMVI LMKLIV VIPIEWI strength and should be specified by the panel designer. Addi XMSREPMRJSVQEXMSRSRGYVMRKQE]FIJSYRHMR%'-6 'YVMRK VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW{-XMWVIGSQQIRHIH XLEX X[S HMJJIVIRX WXEKIW SJ GYVMRK FI IWXEFPMWLIH JSV TVIGEWX panels. The first 8 to 16 hours is the initial stage and the most GVYGMEP7XITWWLSYPHFIXEOIRHYVMRKXLMWTIVMSHXSTVSZMHI LIEX[LIRRIGIWWEV]XSQEMRXEMRQMRMQYQXIQTIVEXYVIWERH XSTVIZIRXPSWWSJQSMWXYVIJVSQXLITERIP1ER]PSRKPMRI WXIIP FIHW LEZI FYMPXMR LSX [EXIV TMTIW XS TVSZMHI VEHMERX LIEXMRK8LII\TSWIHTSVXMSRSJXLIJVIWLGSRGVIXIMRE[EPP TERIPWLSYPHFIGSZIVIHHYVMRKXLMWMRMXMEPTLEWI %JXIVVIQSZEPJVSQXLIJSVQXLIWIGSRHEV]WXEKISJGYVMRK [MPPGSRXMRYIMRERSYXHSSVWXSVEKI]EVH [LIRXIQTIVEXYVI permits) or enclosed building until final design strength has FIIRVIEGLIH(YVMRKXLMWTIVMSHTVIGEWXTERIPWWLSYPHFI TVSXIGXIH JVSQ I\GIWWMZI QSMWXYVI IZETSVEXMSR ERH JVSQ temperatures below 50°F (10°C) to inhibit efflorescence. -X QE] FI RIGIWWEV] XS MRXIVVYTX XLI WIGSRHEV] GYVMRK to examine the surface finish and perform any required TEXGLMRK -X GERRSX FI SZIVIQTLEWMÎH XLEX GYVMRK EX XLI IEVP]EKIWMWI\XVIQIP]MQTSVXERXXSXLIWXVIRKXLERHHYVE FMPMX]SJXLIGSRGVIXITERIP 'YVMRK XIGLRMUYIW{%R] GLERKI MR GYVMRK XIGL RMUYIWHYVMRKEKMZIRJEFVMGEXMSRVYRQE]VIWYPXMRGLERKIW MRGSPSVXI\XYVISVYRMJSVQMX]SJXLI[EPPTERIPW8LIVIJSVI GYVMRK TVSGIHYVIW WLSYPH FI GSRWMWXIRX ERH YRMJSVQ JVSQ TVIGEWX TERIP XS TVIGEWX TERIP EW [IPP EW JVSQ HE]XSHE] &YVPETERHWMQMPEVGSZIVMRKWQE]WXEMRSVHMWGSPSVGIVXEMR finishes and should be avoided. Because of their tendency XSHMWGSPSVGYVMRKGSQTSYRHWWLSYPHRSXFIYWIHI\GITXSR XLI FEGOWMHI SJ TERIPW FIJSVI XLI VIQSZEP SJ JSVQW SV SR surfaces that will later receive a finish. Because some curing GSQTSYRHW ERH WIEPIVW QE] MRXIVJIVI [MXL EHLIWMSR SJ WYVJEGIGSZIVMRKWGSEXMRKWERHNSMRXWIEPERXWGSQTEXMFMPMX] [MXLXLIWIQEXIVMEPWWLSYPHFIMRZIWXMKEXIH 'YVMRKXIQTIVEXYVI{%PPGYVMRKSJGSRGVIXIWLSYPH SGGYV EX XIQTIVEXYVIW EFSZI * ' ;LIR XIQTIVE tures fall below this level during the first 16 hours, either I\XIVREPETTPMIHLIEXSVLIEXVIXIRXMSRQIEWYVIWEVIVIUYMVIH -XWLSYPHFIVIQIQFIVIHLS[IZIVXLEXXVMEPQM\XYVITVSTSV XMSRWEVIYWYEPP]TVITEVIHERHXIWXIHEXVSSQXIQTIVEXYVIWSJ XS* XS' ;LIRGSRGVIXIMWGYVIHEXPS[IV XIQTIVEXYVIW WYGL EW * ' GSRGVIXI WXVIRKXL QE] FIPS[IVXLERPEFSVEXSV]XIWXWMRHMGEXIH;LIRTERIPGYVMRK XIQTIVEXYVIW EVI I\TIGXIH XS FI PS[IV XLER XVMEP QM\XYVI XIQTIVEXYVIWEPPS[ERGIWLSYPHFIQEHIJSVWPS[IVWXVIRKXL KEMR ERH XLI IEVP] JSVQ WXVMTTMRK XMQI WLSYPH FI EHNYWXIH EGGSVHMRKP] 7XIEQGYVMRK{'YVMRK[MXLWXIEQWMQYPXERISYWP] TVSZMHIW LIEX ERH QSMWXYVI ;LIVI WXIEQ GYVMRK MW YWIH VIGSQQIRHIH TVSGIHYVIW WYGL EW XLSWI SJ %'- WLSYPHFISFWIVZIHXSEGLMIZIHIWMVIHVIWYPXW7XIEQWLSYPH RSXFIETTPMIHYRXMPEJXIVXLIMRMXMEPWIXTIVMSHSJXLITEVXMG

YPEVGSRGVIXIQM\XYVI8LIMRMXMEPWIX HIPE] TIVMSHWLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH F] %781 ''1 8LI VEXI SJ XIQTIVEXYVIVMWIGERFIYTXS* ' TIVLSYVTVSZMHIH ETVSTIVMRMXMEPWIXHIPE]TIVMSHTVIGIHIWXLILIEXMRKTIVMSH 4JIMJIVERH0ERHKVIR 1E\MQYQXIQTIVEXYVIWLSYPH RSX I\GIIH * ' 'SSPMRK VEXIW WLSYPH EPWS FI GSRXVSPPIH 'PSWI GSRXVSP SJ WXIEQ GYVMRK TVSGIHYVIW MW VIUYMVIH MR GSRRIGXMSR [MXL GLIQMGEPP] VIXEVHIH I\TSWIH EKKVIKEXIWYVJEGIW7XIEQGYVMRKGERTVSHYGIEKVIIRLSYWI IJJIGX [LIVI QSMWXYVI HVMTW JVSQ XLI GSZIVMRK SR XS XLI TERIP ERH MRHYGIW WXEMRMRK SR XLI I\TSWIH TERIP WYVJEGIW +VIIRMRKERH0ERHKVIR 'YVMRK MR WXSVEKI{7XVIRKXL KEMR GER GSRXMRYI EJXIV TERIPW EVI QSZIH XS XLI WXSVEKI EVIE 8EOI GEVI XS TVIZIRX VETMH QSMWXYVI PSWW [LIR TERIPW EVI TPEGIH MR E WXSVEKI]EVH;LIREQFMIRXVIPEXMZILYQMHMX]MWLMKLEHHM XMSREPTVSXIGXMSRJVSQVETMHHV]MRKQE]RSXFIVIUYMVIH-R EVIEW[LIVILSXHV][IEXLIVTVIZEMPWGEVIWLSYPHFIXEOIR XSEPPS[XLITERIPWXSHV]WPS[P] &IGEYWIGSRGVIXIMWWEXYVEXIHEXIEVP]EKIWRI[GSRGVIXI MWZYPRIVEFPIXSHEQEKIJVSQIZIRSRIJVII^MRKERHXLE[MRK G]GPI YRXMP MX VIEGLIW E RSQMREP GSQTVIWWMZI WXVIRKXL SJ ETTVS\MQEXIP] TWM 14E %X X]TMGEP GSRGVIXI WXVIRKXLWEFSZITWM 14E IEVP]JVII^MRKMWRSX ETVSFPIQERHTVIGEWXGSRGVIXITERIPWQE]FIMQQIHMEXIP] WXSVIHSYXWMHI,S[IZIVTERIPWSJER]WXVIRKXL[MPPRSXFI HYVEFPIXSVITIEXIHJVII^MRKERHXLE[MRKYRPIWWEHIUYEXIEMV IRXVEMRQIRXMWTVSZMHIH7IGXMSRVIGSQQIRHWXLEXEPP GSRGVIXIQM\XYVIWFIEMVIRXVEMRIH {7XSVEKI +IRIVEP{&IGEYWISJXLI[MHIZEVMEXMSRMRTVIGEWX TERIP WMÎW WLETIW ERH JEFVMGEXMSR JEGMPMXMIW XLIVI EVI RS WXERHEVH QIXLSHW SJ LERHPMRK ERH WXSVEKI 4VIGEWX TERIPW XIQTSVEVMP] WXSVIH MR E KIRIVEP WXSVEKI EVIE WLSYPH FI WYTTSVXIH EX XLI FPSGOMRK TSMRXW HIWMKREXIH SR XLI MRWXEP PEXMSR HVE[MRKW 9RMXW WLSYPH FI WXSVIH MR E ZIVXMGEP SV near-vertical position. If stored in a horizontal or flat posi XMSR XLVII HYRREKI TSMRXW QE] FI VIUYMVIH HITIRHMRK SR TERIP PIRKXL ,ERHPMRK ERH WXSVEKI TVSGIHYVIW WLSYPH RSX GEYWI WXVYGXYVEP HEQEKI HIXVMQIRXEP GVEGOMRK EVGLMXIG XYVEPMQTEMVQIRXSVTIVQERIRXHMWXSVXMSR[LIRXLITVIGEWX QIQFIVMWFIMRK 0MJXIHSVWXVMTTIHJVSQXLIQSPH 1SZIH XS ZEVMSYW PSGEXMSRW JSV JYVXLIV TVSGIWWMRK SV WXSVEKI 8YVRIH MRXS ZEVMSYW TSWMXMSRW XS TVSZMHI EGGIWW JSV finishing, surfacing, or both. 7XSVIHFIJSVIHIPMZIV] 0SEHIHSRXSHIPMZIV]ZILMGPIW 4VSXIGXMSR{(YVMRK WXSVEKI XLI QERYJEGXYVIV WLSYPH OIIT TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI TERIPW MR E GPIER TVSTIVP] TVSXIGXIHEVIEXSTVIZIRX WXEMRMRK8LMWHSIWRSXQIERXLI TERIPWRIIH XSFI MRE GSZIVIH EVIE SV WLSYPHFI GSZIVIH The need for protection depends on configuration of the YRMXWPIRKXLSJWXSVEKIXMQIERHXLIPSGEPIRZMVSRQIRX8S TVSXIGXEKEMRWXJVII^MRKHEQEKIMRWIVXWERHSXLIVIQFIHHIH MXIQWWLSYPHFITVSXIGXIHEKEMRWX[EXIVSVWRS[TIRIXVEXMSR


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

HYVMRKGSPH[IEXLIV7XSVEKIWLSYPHFITPERRIHGEVIJYPP]XS IRWYVIHIPMZIV]ERHMRWXEPPEXMSRSJXLITERIPWMREREGGITX EFPIGSRHMXMSR)ZIRXLSYKLXLITERIPWQE]VIUYMVI[EWLMRK EJXIV MRWXEPPEXMSR TVSXIGXMSR QE] WXMPP FIRIGIWWEV] EKEMRWX IRKMRII\LEYWXJYQIWSVWSMPWXEMRMRK Storage of thin flat panels—*PEXTERIPWPIWWXLERMR QQ XLMGOSVTERIPW[MXLEPIRKXLXSXLMGORIWWVEXMSKVIEXIV XLERWLSYPHFIWXSVIHERHWLMTTIHMREZIVXMGEPSVRIEVZIVXMGEP position. Two-point supports spaced approximately at the fifth TSMRXWEVIVIGSQQIRHIHJSVWXSVEKISVPMJXMRK4VSXIGXMZIVIWMP MIRXQEXIVMEPWLSYPHFITVSZMHIHEXTSMRXWSJFIEVMRKERHGSRXEGX %PPFPSGOMRKTEGOMRKERHTVSXIGXMZIQEXIVMEPWLSYPHFIGPIER and should not cause damage, staining, or disfigurement of the TVIGEWXTERIPW&PSGOMRKERHWYTTSVXQIQFIVWWLSYPHFITSWM XMSRIHERHWIGYVIHMREQERRIVXSTVIZIRXWPMTTEKIGLMTTMRK EXXLIGLEMRWI\GIWWMZIFMRHMRK SVI\GIWWMZIWXVIWWIW%ZSMH WXEKKIVIHSVMVVIKYPEVFPSGOMRK4VIGEWXYRMXWWLSYPHFIWXEGOIH WSXLI]EVIWYTTSVXIHSRFSXLWMHIWXSIUYEPMÎPSEHMRKERHXS EZSMHSZIVXYVRMRK {(IPMZIV] 1SWX TVIGEWX TERIPW EVI HIPMZIVIH F] WIQMXVEMPIV XVYGOW *MK 7SQIEVIWLMTTIHF]VEMPFEVKISVSXLIVQSHIWSJ XVERWTSVXEXMSR4VIGEWXTPERXJEGMPMXMIWHSRSXKIRIVEPP]VIWXVMGX XLIWMÎERH[IMKLXSJTVIGEWXTERIPWXLEXGERFITVSHYGIH ,S[IZIV WLMTTMRK TVSFPIQW [MXL SZIVWMÎ TERIPW QE] KVIEXP]MRGVIEWIGSRWXVYGXMSRGSWXSVHIPE]TVSNIGXGSQTPI XMSR 7TIGMEP XVERWTSVXEXMSR TIVQMXW EVI KIRIVEPP] VIUYMVIH where height, width, or weight exceed specified limits. 9WMRK PMKLX[IMKLX EKKVIKEXI GSRGVIXI TERIPW GER MR QER] GEWIWQMRMQMÎXLIMQTEGXSJ[IMKLXMRWLMTTMRKLERHPMRK ERHMRWXEPPEXMSRSTIVEXMSRW8VEZIPQE]FIVIWXVMGXIHXSKSSH [IEXLIVHE]PMKLXLSYVWERH[IIOHE]W0S[FS]WSVWTIGMEP XVEMPIVWQE]FIVIUYMVIHJSVPEVKISVLIEZ]TERIPW+VIEXIV IGSRSQ] GER FI EGLMIZIH [LIR PEVKI SV LIEZ] TERIPW EVI WLMTTIH XSKIXLIV SR SRI XVEMPIV 6IJIV XS 7IGXMSR JSV MRJSVQEXMSR SR IGSRSQMGEP TERIP WMÎW XLEX GER QE\MQMÎ XVYGOMRKGETEGMX] %PPTVIGEWXTERIPWWLSYPHFIHIPMZIVIHXSXLIWMXIGPIEVP] QEVOIH EW MRHMGEXIH SR XLI MRWXEPPEXMSR HVE[MRKW [MXL XLI fabrication date and an identifier showing final position of XLIYRMXSRXLIWXVYGXYVI4VIGEWXTERIPWWLSYPHFIWIPIGXIH JVSQ WXSVEKI PSEHIH ERH HIPMZIVIH MR XLI TVSTIV SVHIV XS QIIXXLITVIHIXIVQMRIHMRWXEPPEXMSRWIUYIRGI &IJSVIWGLIHYPMRKIUYMTQIRXHIPMZIV]XLIIVIGXSVWLSYPH perform a field check of the project to ensure that the foun HEXMSRW [EPPW ERH WXVYGXYVI EVI WYMXEFP] GSRWXVYGXIH XS VIGIMZITVIGEWXTERIPYRMXW8LIWMXIWLSYPHFIGLIGOIHJSV crane and delivery truck access as well as possible field TERIPWXSVEKI1SWXTERIPWWLSYPHFIPSEHIHZIVXMGEPP]ERH supported on A-frames mounted to flatbed trailers. They WLSYPHFIWYTTSVXIHXSQMRMQMÎXLIIJJIGXWSJVSEHWLSGO ERH FI WIGYVIP] JEWXIRIH [MXL EPP GSRXEGX TSMRXW TVSXIGXIH JVSQHEQEKI'SVRIVWERHVIXYVRWSJYRYWYEPPIRKXLWWLSYPH FIFVEGIHJVSQIHKIXSIHKIJSVKVIEXIVTVSXIGXMSRMRXVERWMX %PPQEXIVMEPXLEXGSRXEGXWXLITERIPWLSYPHFIRSRWXEMRMRK -JWLMTTMRKTERIPWLSVM^SRXEPP]XLI]WLSYPHFIWYTTSVXIH at two points with the supports located at the fifth points of

*MK{(IPMZIV]ERHXVERWTSVXEXMSRSJTERIPW XLIPSRKHMQIRWMSRXSEZSMHI\GIWWMZIWXVIWWIWXLEXQE]FI MRHYGIHF]X[MWXMRKSJXLIXVEMPIVVEGOMRKSVFSXL;LIRXLI X[STSMRXWYTTSVXW]WXIQMWMQTVEGXMGEPEPXIVREXMZIWYTTSVX W]WXIQW WLSYPH FI IRKMRIIVIH ERH GLIGOIH JSV JIEWMFMPMX] VIPEXMZIXSWXVIWWIWERHSXLIVTSXIRXMEPTVSFPIQW 4VSXIGXMSRHYVMRKWLMTTMRK{4VSXIGXMZIGSZIVMRKSJ ETVIGEWXTERIPHYVMRKHIPMZIV]WLSYPHFIHIXIVQMRIHF]XLI manufacturer after considering size and shape, finish type, EKKVIKEXIX]TIXVERWTSVXEXMSRQIXLSHZILMGPIX]TI[IEXLIV ERH VSEH GSRHMXMSRW ERH HMWXERGI SJ LEYP 1ERYJEGXYVIVW EVI VIWTSRWMFPI JSV XLI GSRHMXMSR SJ XLI HIPMZIVIH TVSHYGX WSXLI]QEOIXLIHIGMWMSRSR[VETTMRKYRPIWWXLIIRKMRIIV architect specifies a particular wrapping protection. )GSRSQMGEP TERIP WMÎW{)GSRSQMGEP TERIP WMÎW HITIRHSRTPERXGETEFMPMX]HMWXERGIJVSQJEFVMGEXMSRTPERX XS NSF WMXI LMKL[E] GSRHMXMSRW WLMTTMRK ERH MRWXEPPEXMSR VIWXVMGXMSRW 8S QE\MQMÎ XVYGOMRK GETEGMX] TERIP HIWMKR WLSYPHGSRWMHIVLIMKLX[MHXLPIRKXLERH[IMKLX8LSYKL MX MW GSQQSR XS WLMT X[S JX Q [MHI TERIPW SR E PSEHVIWXVMGXMSRWKIRIVEPP]I\MWXJSVPSEHW[MHIVXLERJX MR Q 1E\MQYQTIVQMX[MHXLWGERZEV]JVSQXS JX XSQ HITIRHMRKSREVIE7SQIEVIEWEPPS[SZIVEPP PIRKXLWSZIVJX Q [MXLEWMQTPITIVQMXJVSRXERH VIEVIWGSVXWERHXVEZIPPMQMXIHXSGIVXEMRXMQIWSJHE] ',%48)6{-278%00%8-32 {4PERRMRKERHTVITEVEXMSR 'SSVHMREXMSR{)EVP] MR XLI GSRWXVYGXMSR FIJSVI TERIP QERYJEGXYVI XLI TERIP JEFVMGEXSV IVIGXSV IRKMRIIV EVGLMXIGX S[RIV ERH XLI KIRIVEP GSRXVEGXSV WLSYPH LSPH E TVIGSRWXVYGXMSRGSRJIVIRGI %VIEWSJGSRGIVRXLEXWLSYPHFIEHHVIWWIHHYVMRKTVIGSR WXVYGXMSRTPERRMRKEVI (IXIVQMRMRK WMXI EGGIWW MRWXEPPEXMSR HMVIGXMSR ERH WIUYIRGMRK -HIRXMJ]MRKLEÊVHW (IXIVQMRMRKWMÎERH[IMKLXPMQMXEXMSRW -RWXEPPEXMSRTPERRMRK 7IPIGXMRKIUYMTQIRX9WMRKEXS[IVGVERI[MXLSRIPMRI SRP]QE]EJJIGXMRWXEPPEXMSRIQFIHQIRXPSGEXMSR


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(IZIPSTMRKERMRWXEPPEXMSRWEJIX]TVSKVEQ 7. Field layout and verification. Offset lines should be set at 2 ft (0.6 m) off the exterior around the perimeter of each floor. 7TIGMEPLERHPMRKVIUYMVIQIRXW4ERIPWWLSYPHFIPSEHIH WSXLI]GERFIPMJXIH[MXLSYXHEQEKI 7TIGMEPPMJXMRKLEVH[EVI 7MXIWXSVEKIEZEMPEFMPMX] 4VIWYVZI]MRK FYMPHMRK GSRRIGXMSRW FIJSVI TERIP HIPMZIV] 8LMW SVHIV MRHMGEXIW XLI YWYEP WIUYIRGI SJ EGXMZMXMIW FYX many factors occur that influence project planning. Each WXITMWJYVXLIVGSRWMHIVIHMRXLMWGLETXIV 6IWTSRWMFMPMXMIW JSV TVIGEWX MRWXEPPEXMSR{8LI KIRIVEP GSRXVEGXSV SV GSRWXVYGXMSR QEREKIV +''1 MW RSVQEPP]VIWTSRWMFPIJSVTVSNIGXWGLIHYPIKVMHHMQIRWMSRW ERH GSSVHMREXMSR [MXL EPP GSRWXVYGXMSR XVEHIW 6IPEXMZI XS MRWXEPPEXMSRSJTVIGEWXGSRGVIXIXLI+''1MRGSRNYRGXMSR [MXLXLITVIGEWXIVIVIGXSVWLSYPH &IVIWTSRWMFPIJSVGSSVHMREXMRKMRJSVQEXMSRRIGIWWEV] XSTVSHYGITVIGEWXGSRGVIXIMRWXEPPEXMSRHVE[MRKW 1EMRXEMRWXVYGXYVIWXEFMPMX];LIRRIGIWWEV]XLITVIGEWX IRKMRIIVHIZIPSTW EFVEGMRKWIUYIRGI XS QEMRXEMRWXVYG XYVIWXEFMPMX]HYVMRKMRWXEPPEXMSR8LMWFVEGMRKWIUYIRGIMW HIZIPSTIHMRGSRNYRGXMSR[MXLXLIIVIGXSVERHIRKMRIIVSJ VIGSVH 0MQMXEXMSRW QE] WXEXI JSV I\EQTPI XLEX PSEHMRK SJ XLI WXVYGXYVI FI FEPERGIH VIUYMVMRK XLEX RS IPIZEXMSR FIIVIGXIHQSVIXLEREWXEXIHRYQFIVSJPIZIPWELIEHSJ VIQEMRMRKIPIZEXMSRW3XLIVPMQMXEXMSRWQE]MRZSPZIWXVYG XYVI VMKMHMX] VIUYMVMRK XLEX [EPPW RSX FI IVIGXIH FIJSVI completion of floors designed to carry lateral loads. *SV WXIIP JVEQIW HIXIVQMRI LS[ JEV MR EHZERGI SJ panel installation that final frame connections are to be GSQTPIXIH 4EVXMGYPEV GSRWMHIVEXMSR WLSYPH FI KMZIR XS deflection and rotation of the supporting steel members HYIXSXLITVIGEWXGSRGVIXIERHSXLIVWYTIVMQTSWIHPSEHW *SV GSRGVIXI JVEQIW XLI +''1 WLSYPH JYVRMWL XS XLI IVIGXSV WXVIRKXL SJ GSRGVIXI ERH EYXLSVMÊXMSR XS FIKMR MRWXEPPEXMSR8LIIRKMRIIVSJVIGSVHWLSYPHVIGSKRMÎXLEX GSRRIGXMSRW FIX[IIR TERIP ERH JVEQI MQTSWI GSRGIR XVEXIHPSEHWSRXLIJVEQIERHXLEXXLIWIPSEHWQE]VIUYMVI WYTTPIQIRXEP VIMRJSVGIQIRX *SV QYPXMWXSV] GSRGVIXI JVEQIW GSRWMHIVEXMSR WLSYPH FI KMZIR XS XLI IJJIGXW SJ JVEQIWLSVXIRMRKHYIXSWLVMROEKIERHGVIIT 6IZMI[ERHSFXEMRRIGIWWEV]ETTVSZEPWJSVEPPMRWXEPPE XMSRHVE[MRKWERHVIPEXIHHIWMKR &I VIWTSRWMFPI JSV GSSVHMREXMRK HMQIRWMSREP MRXIVJEGI FIX[IIRTVIGEWXGSRGVIXIERHXLI[SVOSJSXLIVXVEHIW )RWYVI XLEX TVSTIV XSPIVERGIW EVI QEMRXEMRIHF] SXLIV trades to guarantee accurate fit and overall conformity [MXLTVIGEWXMRWXEPPEXMSRHVE[MRKW &I VIWTSRWMFPI JSV TVSZMHMRK ERH QEMRXEMRMRK GPIEV PIZIP [IPPHVEMRIH YRPSEHMRK EVIEW ERH VSEH EGGIWW EVSYRHERHMRXSXLIWXVYGXYVIWSLEYPMRKERHMRWXEPPEXMSR IUYMTQIRXGERSTIVEXIYRHIVXLIMVS[RTS[IV0SGEXI YRMXW XS TIVQMX PMJXMRK F] XLI MRWXEPPEXMSR IUYMTQIRX JVSQXVEMPIVWERHTPEGIQIRXHMVIGXP]MRXSXLIWXVYGXYVI )WXEFPMWLMRWXEPPEXMSRWIUYIRGIWIEVP]ERHEGGSYRXJSVXLIQ MRXLIFVEGMRKEREP]WMWERHMRWXEPPEXMSRHVE[MRKW;LIRE

WIUYIRGIMWEKVIIHYTSRMXWLSYPHFIWXVMGXP]JSPPS[IHYRXMP GSRHMXMSRW VIUYMVI E QYXYEPP] EKVIIEFPI GLERKI (IXIV QMRILS[QER]XMQIWXLIMRWXEPPEXMSRIUYMTQIRXWLSYPHFI QSZIHXSGSQTPIXIXLI[SVO3RWXIIPJVEQIWGSRWMHIVXLI timing of application of fireproofing for prewelding that WLSYPHSGGYV3RGSRGVIXIJVEQIWPSGEXMSRSJJSVQ[SVO and any overhanging scaffolding can influence the method SJMRWXEPPEXMSRERHWIUYIRGMRK %GGIWW{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ÊVHW{'EVIJYPVIZMI[ERHMRWTIGXMSR SJXLINSFWMXIWLSYPHFITIVJSVQIHXSMHIRXMJ]SFWXVYGXMSRW XLEXGSYPHPMQMXIUYMTQIRXQSFMPMX]3ZIVLIEHSFWXVYGXMSRW WLSYPHFIGEVIJYPP]GSRWMHIVIHMRTPERRMRK4S[IVPMRIWQE] LEZIXSFIQSZIHSVHIEGXMZEXIH6IQSZEPSJXVIIPMQFWQE] FIRIGIWWEV] %PPI\MWXMRKTVSTIVX]XSFITVSXIGXIHWYGLEWYRHIVKVSYRH YXMPMXMIW XEROW XYRRIPW XVIIW WLVYFW I\MWXMRK EWTLEPX ERH concrete should be clearly identified. For projects close to airports, lights, flags, or both, may be required on booms. 4VSNIGX QIIXMRKW{(YVMRK TVIGEWX MRWXEPPEXMSR XLI KIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSVWLSYPHGSRHYGXJVIUYIRXTVSNIGXQIIXMRKW FIX[IIRXLIIVIGXSVERHXLSWIWYFGSRXVEGXSVW[LSWI[SVOMW EJJIGXIHF]XLITVIGEWX8LIWIQIIXMRKWLIPTXSIRWYVIXLEX EPP RIGIWWEV] TVSZMWMSRW LEZI FIIR QEHI XS JEGMPMXEXI XLI MRWXEPPEXMSRTVSGIWW 'SRXVEGX HSGYQIRXW{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{&IJSVI WXEVXMRK MRWXEPPE XMSR FIEVMRK [EPPW JSYRHEXMSRW WXVYGXYVEP JVEQI FIEVMRK WYVJEGIW RSXGLIW IQFIHHIH TPEXIW ERKPIW SV FSPXW ERH [IPHIHGSRRIGXMSRWWLSYPHFIGLIGOIHJSVHMQIRWMSRPSGE


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XMSR PMRI ERH KVEHI XS IRWYVI XLEX XLI EVIE XS VIGIMZI XLI TVIGEWXTERIPWMWVIEH] 8LI +''1 MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV IWXEFPMWLMRK ERH QEMRXEMRMRKEXGSRZIRMIRXPSGEXMSRWSRXLIJSYRHEXMSRSVXLI FYMPHMRKGSRXVSPTSMRXWFIRGLQEVOWERHPMRIWMRERYRHMW turbed condition for use by the erector until final completion ERHEGGITXERGI SJ XLI TVSNIGX-J XLI FYMPHMRK JVEQI MW RSX TVIGEWXGSRGVIXIXLIRFIRGLQEVOWSVFYMPHMRKPMRIWWLSYPH FITVSZMHIHF]XLI+''1MRIEGLEVIESVEXIZIV]PIZIP ;SVOTSMRXWWLSYPHEPWSFITVSZMHIHJSVERKPIHERHGYVZIH FYMPHMRKIPIZEXMSRW 8LIIVIGXSVWLSYPHFIEHZMWIHF]XLI+''1SJ any known discrepancies in field location, line, or grade and FITVSZMHIH[MXLWYMXEFPI[SVOEVIEWJSVPE]SYX &IJSVIWXEVXMRKMRWXEPPEXMSRERHWGLIHYPMRKHIPMZIV] ERHPMJXMRKIUYMTQIRXXLIIVIGXSVWLSYPHWYVZI]XLITVSNIGX XSGLIGOHMQIRWMSREPXSPIVERGIWERHERGLSVFSPXWXLEXLEZI been field-placed or are of contractor’s hardware. The goal SJXLMWWYVZI]MWXSIRWYVIXLEXXLIEVIEWXSVIGIMZIXLITVIGEWX GSRGVIXIEVIVIEH]ERHEGGIWWMFPIXSXLIIVIGXSVERHXLEXXLI precast concrete units will fit. All dimensions and details XEOIRWLSYPHFIGLIGOIHEKEMRWXMRWXEPPEXMSRHVE[MRKW8LI TVIGEWX IVIGXSV WLSYPH EPWS WTSX GLIGO XLI EGGIWW FIJSVI WGLIHYPMRKXLIPSEHMRKERHLERHPMRKIUYMTQIRX 0E]SYXMWVIUYMVIHFIJSVIMRWXEPPEXMSRWSEWXEVXMRK TSMRX MW GPIEVP] IWXEFPMWLIH ERH ER] TSWWMFPI XSPIVERGI conflicts with the support structure are determined early. 0E]SYX MW VIUYMVIH HYVMRK MRWXEPPEXMSR XS QEMRXEMR TVSTIV EPMKRQIRX 0E]SYX FIJSVI MRWXEPPEXMSR IRWYVIW XLEX [LIR ER IVVSV MW JSYRH MXGER FIGSVVIGXIH FIJSVIWXEVXMRK MRWXEPPEXMSR%R] modification to bearing surfaces or connection hardware can FIQEHIF]XLIKIRIVEPGSRXVEGXSVFIJSVIMRWXEPPEXMSRFIKMRW The erector should confirm that the minimum GSRGVIXIWXVIRKXLLEWFIIREGLMIZIH Notes of all discrepancies exceeding specified XSPIVERGIWWLSYPHFIOITX7SQIHMWGVITERGMIWFIX[IIRWMXI GSRHMXMSRW ERH MRWXEPPEXMSR HVE[MRKW XLEX GER GEYWI TVSF PIQWHYVMRKMRWXEPPEXMSRMRGPYHIWXVYGXYVEPWXIIPSYXSJEPMKR QIRXERGLSVFSPXWSVHS[IPWMQTVSTIVP]MRWXEPPIHIVVSVWMR FIEVMRK IPIZEXMSR SV PSGEXMSR ERH SFWXVYGXMSRW GEYWIH F] SXLIVXVEHIW 7YGLHMWGVITERGMIWWLSYPHFIRSXIHMR[VMXMRKERHWIRXMJ ETTVSTVMEXIXSXLITVIGEWXGSRGVIXIQERYJEGXYVIV+''1 SVFSXL-RWXEPPEXMSRWLSYPHRSXTVSGIIHYRXMPHMWGVITERGMIW EVI GSVVIGXIH F] XLI +''1 SV YRXMP MRWXEPPEXMSR VIUYMVI ments are modified and reviewed by the engineer/architect. Verification of remedial work should be the responsibility of the GC/CM. The erector should return to the site for final layout verification after all necessary corrections of site GSRHMXMSRW MR XLI MRWXEPPEXMSR EVIE LEZI FIIR QEHI F] XLI +''1ERHFIJSVIMRWXEPPEXMSRWXEVXW ;SVOMRKJVSQGSRXVSPTSMRXWFIRGLQEVOWERHPMRIWIWXEF PMWLIH F] XLI +''1 XLI IVIGXSV WLSYPH IWXEFPMWL SJJWIX lines and elevation marks, as required, for use at each floor PIZIP-XMWXLIPE]SYXTIVWSRvWHYX]XSQEVOXLIPSGEXMSRWXS VIGIMZI XLI TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI YRMXW WS XLI IVIGXSV GER TPEGI them with minimal measuring and moving to final position.

8LIIVIGXSVWLSYPHQEMRXEMREGLIGOPMWXSJMXIQWXLEXLEZI FIIRWLS[RXSLIPTI\TIHMXITVSNIGXW7SQISJXLIWIMXIQW GSRGIVRWMXI GSRHMXMSRW ERH VIPEXMSRWLMTW [MXL XLI+''1 ERHSXLIVXVEHIW3XLIVWHIEP[MXLXLIHIWMKRSJXLITVSHYGX ERH GSRRIGXMSRW 8LI IVIGXSVv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floor slabs horizontal, and properly positioned end-forIRH7SQIPSRKQIQFIVWQE]RIIHXSFISVMIRXIHSRE XVYGOMRETEVXMGYPEVQERRIVFIGEYWISJWMXISVVMKKMRK VIWXVMGXMSRW-JZIVXMGEPTMIGIWEVIXSSPEVKIERHQYWXFI shipped flat, ensure that panels are designed so they can FIVSXEXIH )RWYVI XLEX JEPP TVSXIGXMSR MW HIWMKRIH MRXS XLI WXVYG XYVI[MXLXMISJJI]IWSVMRWIVXW[LIVIRIIHIH,SPIWMR floor and roof members and openings in walls should be GSZIVIH[LMPIMRXLITVIGEWXGSRGVIXITPERX {9RPSEHMRKERHLERHPMRK +IRIVEP{4ERIPWWLSYPHFIPSEHIHERHHIPMZIVIHMR XLIMRWXEPPEXMSRWIUYIRGIIWXEFPMWLIHEXTVSNIGXGSSVHMREXMSR QIIXMRKW4ERIPWWLSYPHFIPSEHIHWSXLEXXLI]GERFITMGOIH JVSQXLIXVYGO[MXLSYXHEQEKMRKXLITERIP4ERIPWWLSYPHFI PMJXIHJVSQHIPMZIV]XVYGOWERHTPEGIHHMVIGXP]MRXLIMVTVSTIV TSWMXMSRSRXLIFYMPHMRK8LMWQMRMQMÎWLERHPMRKHEQEKI ERHMWYWYEPP]XLIQSWXIGSRSQMGEPQIXLSH1ER]VIUYMVI QIRXWMR'LETXIVGSRGIVRMRKLERHPMRKTERIPWEXXLIJEFVM GEXMSRTPERXETTP]XSNSFWMXIEGXMZMX]0SEHMRKEXXLITPERX WLSYPH EPWS GSRWMHIV WTIGMEP GSRHMXMSRW WYGL EW PMRI EZEMP EFMPMX]MJEXS[IVGVERIMWYWIHJSVTERIPMRWXEPPEXMSR


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8LI TVIGEWX IVIGXSV WLSYPH WIX SYX NSMRX PSGEXMSR ERH WTEGMRK FIJSVI TERIP MRWXEPPEXMSR 8LMW WLSYPH QMRMQMÎ HMJJIVIRXMEPZEVMEXMSRMRTERIPNSMRX[MHXLERHMHIRXMJ]TVSF PIQWGEYWIH[LIRXLIFYMPHMRKSVEHNEGIRXQEXIVMEPWEVISYX SJHMQIRWMSRSVEPMKRQIRX (IPMZIV]WIUYIRGI{%HIPMZIV]WIUYIRGIJSVTERIPW should be flexible to allow for full loads, using reasonable fill-out units when necessary; control of unit position on the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ÎH The exterior panel should always be unloaded first from a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{0MJXMRKHIZMGIWWLSYPHFIWIGYVIH XSTERIPWMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIPMJXMRKHIZMGIQERYJEGXYV IVvWVIGSQQIRHEXMSRW8LVIEHFSPXWMRXSMRWIVXWEQMRMQYQ SJFSPXHMEQIXIVWJSVGSMPMRWIVXWERHEQMRMQYQSJ FSPXHMEQIXIVWJSVJIVVYPIMRWIVXWXSTVIZIRXWXVMTTMRKSJXLI FSPX SV MRWIVX XLVIEHW %X PIEWX X[S GSRRIGXMSRW WLSYPH FI YWIH[LIRIZIVXLITERIPMWPMJXIHWSXLITERIPSVPMJXMRKPMRI GERRSXWTMRERHYRWGVI[GEYWMRKXLIPMJXMRKPMRIXSFIGSQI disconnected. Use bolts of a sufficient length to provide JYPP IQFIHQIRX MR XLI PMJXMRK HIZMGI 6IKEVHPIWW SJ PSEH VIUYMVIQIRXWEMR QQ FSPXWLSYPHFIXLIQMRMQYQ WMÎYWIHJSVLERHPMRKER]TVIGEWXTERIP4VIHVMPPIHSVWIPJ HVMPPIHI\TERWMSRFSPXW WLSYPH RSXFIYWIHJSV LERHPMRK SV MRWXEPPEXMSR TYVTSWIW 3GGEWMSREPP] MRWIVXW FSPXW SV SXLIV devices are provided only for the convenience of field handling. When these devices are located in finished edges or exposed surfaces, bolt and insert holes will require filling

ERHVITEMVMRK;LIRXLMWMWRIGIWWEV]XLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX WLSYPHFIEHZMWIHWSXLEXXLIPSGEXMSRWERHVITEMVTVSGIHYVI GERFIETTVSZIHFIJSVITERIPJEFVMGEXMSR6ITEMVWWLSYPHFI I\IGYXIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 7IGXMSR %P[E]W QIEWYVI HITXLSJXLIPMJXMRKMRWIVXERHLEZIWIZIVEPHMJJIVIRXPIRKXL FSPXWEZEMPEFPIXSIRWYVIXLIFSPXJYPP]TIRIXVEXIWMRWIVXHITXL ERHRSXSRP]XLIGSRGVIXI 3RI PMJXMRK HIZMGI MW E W[MZIPMRK (VMRK TPEXI FSPXIH XSE XLVIEHIHERGLSV 8LI W[MZIP ERH FSPX HMEQIXIV WLSYPHFIXLIWEQIWMÎ 'SMPXLVIEHIH ERGLSVW EVI HMWGSYVEKIH [LIR other anchor types can be used. Insufficient thread engage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or handling, unless specifically designed and designated JSVXLMWTYVTSWISRXLIMRWXEPPEXMSRHVE[MRKW7SQITVIGEWX QIQFIVW XLEX EVI PSRK LIEZ] SV FSXL QE] LEZI WPIIZIW XLVSYKL XLI QIQFIV SV ERGLSVW [MXL W[MZIP LEVH[EVI JSV YWIMREXXEGLMRKMRWXEPPEXMSRLEVH[EVI 8LIVI EVI WMXYEXMSRW XLEX VIUYMVI WTIGMEP PMJXMRK W]WXIQW 8LIWI W]WXIQW WLSYPH FI HIWMKRIH F] E TVSJIWWMSREP IRKM RIIV ERH XIWXIH XS ZIVMJ] XLI ERGLSV [MPP I\GIIH E WEJIX] JEGXSV SJ XS ERH XLI LEVH[EVI XS %JXIV WIPIGXMRK LSMWXMRK IUYMTQIRX VMKKMRK WLSYPH FI WMÎH XS TIVQMX XLI TVIGEWXGSRGVIXIYRMXWXSFIPMJXIHERHMRWXEPPIHWEJIP] ;MVIVSTIWPMRKWEVIYWYEPP]XLIQENSVGSQTSRIRX SJ XLI VMKKMRK EWWIQFP] 3GGEWMSREPP] [IF FIPXW SV GLEMR QIWLFIPXWQE]FIVIUYMVIH,SSOWWLEGOPIWVSPPMRKFPSGOW GPSWIHPMROWERHPMJXMRKTPEXIWGERFIYWIH[MXLXLIWPMRKWXS GSQTPIXI XLI W]WXIQ %PP SJ XLIWI MXIQW EVI GSQQIVGMEPP] EZEMPEFPI[MXLXIWXHEXEXSWYFWXERXMEXIXLIWEJI[SVOMRKPSEH JSVXLIEZEMPEFPIWMÎWSJIEGLTVSHYGX&IJSVIYWMRKER]SJ XLIWIMXIQWMREVMKKMRKEWWIQFP]MXMWMQTIVEXMZIXLEXXLI YWIVGSRWYPXXLIQERYJEGXYVIVvWTYFPMWLIHGLEVXWERHMRJSV


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

QEXMSR XS FI E[EVI SJ XLI GSRHMXMSRW ERH PMQMXEXMSRW JSV [LMGLXLIWEJI[SVOMRKPSEHHEXEETTPMIW ;LIRVMKKMRKEWWIQFP]GSQTSRIRXWEVIGYWXSQ QEHI XLI] WLSYPH FI HIWMKRIH F] E TVSJIWWMSREP IRKMRIIV SVI\TIVMIRGIHTIVWSR[MXLJYPPORS[PIHKISJXLIVERKISJ MRXIRHIHYWI&IJSVIEGYWXSQQEHIPMJXMRKETTEVEXYWMWYWIH EWWXERHEVHIUYMTQIRXMXWGETEGMX]WLSYPHFIGPIEVP]PEFIPIH JSVJYXYVIVIJIVIRGI -X MW RIGIWWEV] XLEX XLI IVIGXSV VIGIMZI EGGYVEXI MRHMZMHYEPYRMX[IMKLXWERHHMQIRWMSRWERHMJETTPMGEFPI WTIGMEP LERHPMRK VIUYMVIQIRXW JVSQ XLI TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI QERYJEGXYVIV ;IMKLX LERHPMRK VIUYMVIQIRXW ERH WMÎ SJ XLIYRMXXSFIPMJXIHEVIGVMXMGEPJSVXLIIVIGXSVXSHIXIVQMRI XLIVMKKMRKVIUYMVIQIRXW {.SFWMXIWXSVEKI +IRIVEP{;LIRWGLIHYPMRKVIUYMVIWNSFWMXIWXSVEKI SJ TVIGEWX TERIPW WXSVEKI EVIEW WLSYPH FI VIPEXMZIP] PIZIP firm, and well-drained. Storage areas should be located [LIVIXLIVIMWPMXXPIGLERGISJHEQEKIHYIXSSXLIVGSRWXVYG XMSREGXMZMX]7XSVEKIVIGSQQIRHEXMSRWMR7IGXMSRWLSYPH FIJSPPS[IH;LIVIPSRKXIVQWXSVEKIMWRIGIWWEV]TERIPW WLSYPH FI GSZIVIH XS TVSXIGX XLIQ JVSQ EGGYQYPEXMSR SJ HYWX HMVX SV SXLIV WXEMRMRK QEXIVMEPW 'SZIVW SJ GERZEW VYFFIVMÎHWLIIXWLIEZ][EXIVTVSSJTETIV+*64WLIIXMRK SVSXLIVTVSXIGXMZIQEXIVMEPWLSYPHFIGSRWMHIVIH 8LIWXSVEKIEVIEQE]LEZIXSFIWXEFMPMÎHWSXLEXHMJJIV IRXMEPWIXXPIQIRXSVX[MWXMRKSJXLIWXSVIHTERIP[MPPRSXSGGYV 4ERIPW WLSYPH RSX FI WXSVIH SR JVSÎR KVSYRH [MXLSYX TVSTIV WEJIKYEVHWXSTVIZIRXYRIZIRWIXXPIQIRXMJXLIKVSYRHXLE[W -X QE] FI HIWMVEFPI XS QEMRXEMR ER MRZIRXSV] SJ TVIGEWXTVSHYGXWSRXLITVSNIGXXSTVIZIRXMRWXEPPEXMSRHIPE]W 8LMW GER FI EGLMIZIH F] WXSVMRK WIZIVEP PSEHIH XVEMPIVW SR XLINSFWMXI0IEZMRKTVIGEWXGSRGVIXIQIQFIVWSRXLIXVEMPIV MW SJXIR XLI FIWX WSPYXMSR JSV SRWMXI WXSVEKI 8LI XVEMPIV YWYEPP]TVSZMHIWGPIERERHWEJIWXSVEKIERHIPMQMREXIWI\XVE LERHPMRKERHTSWWMFPIHEQEKI-JEPSEHIHXVEMPIVMWWXSVIH EX XLI NSF WMXI XLI WLMTTIV WLSYPH WXEFMPMÎ XLI XVEMPIV XS TVIZIRX XMPXMRK SV SZIVXYVRMRK 8LMW MW MQTSVXERX SR JVSÎR WMXIWWYFNIGXXSXLE[MRK8LIWXSVIHXVEMPIVWLSYPHFITEVOIH on firm, level ground. Sufficient dunnage should be placed YRHIVXLIPERHMRKKIEVHSPPMIWXSTVIZIRXXLIQJVSQWMROMRK 8LMWWLSYPHFI XLI VIWTSRWMFMPMX] SJXLIIVIGXSV SRP]MJXLI IVIGXSVMWVIWTSRWMFPIJSVXVERWTSVXEXMSR 7MXIWXSVEKISXLIVXLERSRXVEMPIVWWLSYPHFIEZSMHIH EWMXMWI\TIRWMZIERHGERVIWYPXMRTVSHYGXHEQEKI9RPSEHMRK members directly from the delivery trailer to their final loca XMSR SR XLI WXVYGXYVI [MXLSYX WMXI WXSVEKI MW XLI TVIJIVVIH QIXLSH-J ETMIGI QYWX WLMT SYXSJ WIUYIRGI XLI TVIGEWXIV WLSYPH ERRSYRGIXLEXETMIGIMW GSQMRKSYX SJSVHIVWS XLI IVIGXSVGERTPERJSVMX8LIIVIGXSVLEWEJI[STXMSRW 8LIQIQFIVGERFIMRWXEPPIHMRMXWGSVVIGXPSGEXMSRMJXLI GVERIGERVIEGLMXERHMJMXHSIWRSXMRXIVJIVI[MXLMRWXEPPEXMSR SJSXLIVYRMXW -XGERFIWXSVIHXIQTSVEVMP]SRXLIKVSYRHFYXXLMWMW SJXIRRSXTVIJIVVIHSVTVEGXMGEFPIHYIXSWMXIGSRWXVEMRXW 8LI TMIGI GER FI PIJX SR XLI XVEMPIV SV PSEHIH SRXS ERSXLIVXVEMPIV

3JXIRSRP]XLIWIGSRHSTXMSRMWEZEMPEFPIXSXLIIVIGXSV 1SWXNSFWMXIWEVIGSRKIWXIH*MRHMRKERMWSPEXIHPSGEXMSRXLEX is clear of debris and sufficiently level to allow safe storage is often difficult. When storing products on the ground, care WLSYPHFII\IVGMWIHMRHIXIVQMRMRKXLEXHYRREKI[MPPWYTTSVX XLIYRMX[MXLSYXWIXXPMRK[EVTMRKSZIVXYVRMRKSVHEQEKI 7SJXIRIVW EVI EP[E]W VIUYMVIH FSXL SR XLI HYRREKI ERH EX XLITSMRXW[LIVIETERIPPIERWEKEMRWXEWXVYGXYVI8EPPTERIPW WLSYPH FIXMIH FEGO XS TVIZIRX SZIVXYVRMRK ;LIR E TERIP MWWXSVIHEKEMRWXEFYMPHMRKGEVIWLSYPHFIXEOIRXSTVIZIRX HEQEKIXSXLIFYMPHMRKSVXLIYRMX8LITVSHYGXWLSYPHFI TVSXIGXIHEKEMRWXWSMPMRKSVHEQEKIF]SXLIVXVEHIWSRXLI TVSNIGX;LIRSRWMXIWXSVEKIMWJSVWIZIVEPTMIGIWWXSVEKI areas should be level, firm, well-drained, and located where XLIVI MW PMXXPI GLERGI SJ HEQEKI HYI XS SXLIV GSRWXVYG XMSREGXMZMX]%R] XIQTSVEV] WXSVEKI EX XLINSFWMXI WLSYPH FI TPERRIHXSEZSMH SZIVWXVIWWMRK XLI YRMXW 8LI EVIE QE] LEZI XS FI WXEFMPMÎH XS TVIZIRX HMJJIVIRXMEP WIXXPIQIRX SV X[MWXMRKSJQIQFIVW8LMWMWMQTSVXERXJSVQIQFIVWWXSVIH F] WXEGOMRK 9RMXW WLSYPH RSX FI WXSVIH SR JVSÎR KVSYRH [MXLSYX WEJIKYEVHW XS TVIZIRX WIXXPIQIRX [LIR XLI KVSYRH XLE[W7XEGOIHYRMXWXIQTSVEVMP]WXSVIHMRERSRWMXIWXSVEKI EVIE WLSYPH FI WITEVEXIH ERH WYTTSVXIH EXFPSGOMRK TSMRXW HIWMKREXIHSRXLIMRWXEPPEXMSRHVE[MRKW(YRREKIWLSYPHFI arranged in vertical planes and sufficiently deep to provide GPIEVERGI JSV PMJXMRK HIZMGIW 9RMXW WLSYPH EPWS FI WXSVIH with identification marks visible. ;LIRWXEGOMRKWXIQQIHQIQFIVWSVTPEROWHYRREKIWLSYPH RSXFILMKLIVXLERSRIWXEGOSJTVIGEWXYRMXW1IQFIVWWLSYPH FIWXEGOIHWSPMJXMRKHIZMGIW[MPPFIEGGIWWMFPIERHYRHEQEKIH 8LIYTTIVQIQFIVWSJEWXEGOIHXMIVWLSYPHRSXFIYWIHEWEHHM XMSREPWXSVEKIEVIEJSVWLSVXIVQIQFIVWSVIUYMTQIRX 8LI IVIGXSV MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV TVSTIV SRWMXI WXSVEKI [LIXLIVTPERRIHSVYRTPERRIH3RGIXLIIVIGXSVMRWTIGXWXLI QEXIVMEPFIJSVIYRPSEHMRKERHEGGITXWXLIQEXIVMEPJVSQXLI WLMTTIVVIWTSRWMFMPMX]MWEWWYQIHJSVWEJIOIITMRKYRXMPXLI TVIGEWXYRMXWEVIMRWXEPPIH 4ERIPWYTTSVX{4ERIPWWLSYPHFIWXSVIH[MXLMHIR tification marks clearly visible and supports at the blocking TSMRXWWLS[RSRXLIMRWXEPPEXMSRHVE[MRKW4ERIPWWLSYPHFI FPSGOIHXSTVIZIRXXMTTMRK;LIRTERIPWEVITPEGIHEKEMRWX EJVEQISVWYTTSVXXLI]WLSYPHFIWIXSRTVSXIGXMZIQEXIVMEP PEMHLSVM^SRXEPP]YRHIVERHFIX[IIRXLITERIPW8LMWTVSXIG XMZIQEXIVMEPWLSYPHFIWIPIGXIHWSXLEXXLIFPSGOMRKQEXI VMEP [MPP RSX WXEMR XLI TERIPW 4PEWXMG GLEMVW GLEMR KYEVHW ERH FIEVMRK TEHW EVI VIEHMP] EZEMPEFPI ERH HS RSX WXEMR ;SSH FPSGOMRK WLSYPH FI [VETTIH MR +*64 WLIIXMRK XS EZSMH [SSH WXEMRW XLEX GER GEYWI TERIP VINIGXMSR 4SP]WX] VIRIFPSGOMRKQE]HMWWSPZI[LIRWIEPIVWSPZIRXWGSRXEGXMX This leaves an unsightly patch of polystyrene that is difficult XSVIQSZI[MXLSYXHIJEGMRKXLITERIP;LIRWSPZIRXFEWIH WIEPIVWEVIRSXYWIHTSP]WX]VIRITVSZMHIWKSSHTVSXIGXMSRMJ MXMWEHIUYEXIP]WMÎHXSWYTTSVXXLIMQTSWIHPSEH {-RWXEPPEXMSR ;SVOQERWLMT{;SVOIVWWLSYPHFIXVEMRIHXSLERHPI ERH IVIGX TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI TERIPW -RWXEPPEXMSR QIXLSHW WLSYPHFITPERRIHXSEZSMHWSMPMRKGVEGOMRKGLMTTMRKERH


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XYVI VETMHP] [MXLSYX GSQTPIXMRK EPMKRQIRX ERH EPP EHNYWX QIRXW &SPXIH GSRRIGXMSRW EVI TSWMXMZI MQQIHMEXIP] ERH EPPS[JSVEHNYWXQIRX[MXLSYXVIUYMVMRKPEVKILERHPMRKIUYMT QIRX 'EVI WLSYPH FI XEOIR HYVMRK EHNYWXQIRX XS TVIZIRX HEQEKIXSXLITERIPWSVXLIEHNEGIRXFYMPHMRKQEXIVMEPW 7XERHEVHMÎH EXXEGLQIRX LEVH[EVI WYGL EW GPMT ERKPIW FPSXW ERH WLMQW LIPT QMRMQMÎ IVVSVW ERH GSRXVSP MRZIR XSV] 6IKEVHPIWW SJ XLI PSEH VIUYMVIQIRXW E MR QQ HMEQIXIVFSPXWLSYPHFIXLIQMRMQYQWMÎYWIH'PMT ERKPIWWLSYPHFIWPSXXIHSVLEZISZIVWMÎHLSPIWXSEPPS[JSV TVSHYGXXSPIVERGIWERHFYMPHMRKQSZIQIRX ;IPHIH GSRRIGXMSRW{;LIVI [IPHIH GSRRIG XMSRW EVI VIUYMVIH [IPHMRK WLSYPH FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL %;7 ((1 ERH XLI MRWXEPPEXMSR HVE[MRKW 8LIWIHVE[MRKWWLSYPHWLS[XLIX]TIWMÎPIRKXLSJ[IPH WIUYIRGI QMRMQYQ TVILIEX MRXIVTEWW XIQTIVEXYVI [IPH PSGEXMSRERH[LIVIGVMXMGEPXLIIPIGXVSHIX]TI4ERIPWQE] FI WLMQQIH HYVMRK MRMXMEP XEGO [IPHMRK &VEGMRK SV SXLIV TVSZMWMSRW WLSYPH WEJIP] LSPH XLI TERIP MR TSWMXMSR [LMPI XLILERHPMRKIUYMTQIRXMWVIPIEWIHERHEHNEGIRXTERIPWEVI TPEGIH &IJSVIXIQTSVEV]FVEGMRKMWVIPIEWIHXLIHIWMKREXIHJYPP [IPHWLSYPHFIMRTPEGIEXIZIV]GSRRIGXMSRMRXLITVIGEWX TERIP8SQMRMQMÎWXEMRMRKEPPPSSWIWPEKERHHIFVMWWLSYPH FI VIQSZIH MQQIHMEXIP] EJXIV [IPHMRK MW GSQTPIXI 4ERIP finish and surrounding materials may require protection from WTEVOWERHWQSOIWXEMR2SRGSQFYWXMFPIWLMIPHWWLSYPHFI YWIHXSTVSXIGXI\TSWIHGSRGVIXIWYVJEGIWHYVMRK[IPHMRK 4SWXXIRWMSRIH GSRRIGXMSRW{:IVXMGEP TSWX XIRWMSRMRKLSVM^SRXEPTSWXXIRWMSRMRKSVFSXLQE]FIYWIH for field connection of precast panels using either bonded SV YRFSRHIH XIRHSRW &SRHIH XIRHSRW EVI MRWXEPPIH MR TVIJSVQIH ZSMHW SV HYGXW 8LI] EVI QEHI QSRSPMXLMGEPP] [MXLXLIQIQFIVERHTVSXIGXIHJVSQGSVVSWMSRF]KVSYXMRK after the stressing operation is completed. Grout should fill EPPZSMHWMRERHEVSYRHXLIIRXMVIXIRHSRPIRKXL9RFSRHIH XIRHSRW EVI GSRRIGXIH XS XLI TVIGEWX TERIP SRP] XLVSYKL XLI ERGLSVEKI LEVH[EVI %RGLSVEKI HIZMGIW JSV EPP TSWX XIRWMSRMRKW]WXIQWWLSYPHFIEPMKRIH[MXLXLIHMVIGXMSRSJ XLIE\MWSJXLIXIRHSREXXLITSMRXSJEXXEGLQIRX'SRGVIXI WYVJEGIWEKEMRWX[LMGLXLIERGLSVEKIHIZMGIWFIEVWLSYPHFI MRXLITPERISJXLIXIRHSRERHRSVQEPXSXLIXIRHSRHMVIG tion. Post-tensioning operations require qualified personnel I\TIVMIRGIH[MXLXLIWXVIWWMRKTVSGIHYVIWERHIUYMTQIRXXS FIYWIH (S[IPWERHKVSYXMRK{7XVIRKXLSJEHS[IPGSRRIG XMSR MR XIRWMSR SV WLIEV HITIRHW SR XLI IQFIHHIH PIRKXL ERH XLI HIZIPSTIH FSRH &IGEYWI TPEGIQIRX SJ ETSVXPERH GIQIRXKVSYXSVITS\]KVSYXMWVIUYMVIHHYVMRKMRWXEPPEXMSR YWMRKHS[IPGSRRIGXMSRWYWYEPP]WPS[WMRWXEPPEXMSRERHQE] FIGSWXP] *SV HS[IPIH SV KVSYXIH GSRRIGXMSRW WIXXMRK WLMQW EVI located and grout holes are filled just before setting precast TERIPW 8LI GSRGVIXI MR ERH EHNEGIRX XS XLI KVSYX LSPIW WLSYPH FI HEQT SV MR E WEXYVEXIH WYVJEGIHV] GSRHMXMSR +VSYX GSRWMWXIRG] WLSYPH TIVQMX HMWTPEGIQIRX SJ WSQI KVSYX [LIR TERIPW EVI TSWMXMSRIH ;LIVI KVSYX FIHW EVI VIUYMVIHTERIPWQE]FIWIXSRWLMQWERHPEXIVHV]TEGOIH


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[MXL QSVXEV 4ERIPW QE] EPWS FI WIX SR JVIWL KVSYX [MXL XLI IPIZEXMSR GSRXVSPPIH F] WLMQW )\GIWW KVSYX WLSYPH FI VIQSZIH MJ MX MRXIVJIVIW [MXL SXLIV GSRWXVYGXMSR EGXMZMXMIW %ZSMH YWMRK ITS\] ERH GIQIRXMXMSYW KVSYXIH GSRRIGXMSRW [LIRXLIEQFMIRXXIQTIVEXYVIMWFIPS[* ' 1M\MRK ERH MRWXEPPMRK ITS\] KVSYXW WLSYPH FI MR WXVMGX EGGSVHERGI XS XLI QERYJEGXYVIVvW MRWXVYGXMSRW -R WIPIGXMRK HS[IPMRK ERH KVSYXMRK QIXLSHW GSRWMHIVEXMSR WLSYPH FI KMZIR XS how the final joint will be made and how the corners will FINSMRIH%HNYWXMRKXLITVIGEWXTERIPEJXIVXLIMRMXMEPWIXSJ XLIKVSYXGERHIWXVS]XLIKVSYXFSRHERHVIHYGIGSRRIGXMSR WXVIRKXL(S[IPIHERHKVSYXIHGSRRIGXMSRWWLSYPHSRP]FI YWIHEWTEVXSJXLIWXVYGXYVEPHIWMKRGSRGITX(S[IPIHERH KVSYXIH GSRRIGXMSRW WLSYPH RSX FI YWIH YRPIWW IQFIHHIH ERH[IPHIHGSRRIGXMSRWEVIMQTVEGXMGEP+IRIVEPP]HS[IPIH ERHKVSYXIHGSRRIGXMSRWGERRSXFIYWIH(IGIQFIVXLVSYKL %TVMPMRGSPHGPMQEXIW {8SPIVERGIW 8LI TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI QERYJEGXYVIV ERH IVIGXSV EVI responsible for meeting specific tolerances in the fabrication ERHMRWXEPPEXMSRTVSGIWWIWVIWTIGXMZIP]8LIIRKMRIIVEVGLM XIGX WLSYPH GSSVHMREXI XLI XSPIVERGIW JSV TVIGEWX GSRGVIXI [SVO [MXL XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ SXLIV XVEHIW [LSWI [SVO EHNSMRWXLITVIGEWXGSRGVIXIGSRWXVYGXMSR-REPPGEWIWXSPIV ERGIW WLSYPH FI VIEWSREFPI ERH [MXLMR KIRIVEPP] EGGITXIH PMQMXW-XMWVIGSQQIRHIHXLEXXLIHIWMKRIVVIZMI[TVSTSWIH XSPIVERGIW [MXL TVIGEWXIVW ERH IVIGXSVW FIJSVIHIGMHMRK SR final project tolerances. In turn, the precast manufacturer, +''1ERHIVIGXSVWLSYPHGEVIJYPP]QSRMXSVXSPIVERGIWXS GSRWXVYGXXLIWXVYGXYVIEWHIWMKRIH8SPIVERGIWEVIHMZMHIH MRXSXLVIIGEXIKSVMIW 4VSHYGXXSPIVERGIW 7IGXMSR -RWXEPPEXMSRXSPIVERGIW 7IGXMSRWERH -RXIVJEGIXSPIVERGIW 7IGXMSRWERH 8LIIVIGXSVWLSYPHRSXMJ]XLITVIGEWXQERYJEGXYVIV MQQIHMEXIP][LIRSYXSJXSPIVERGITVSHYGXWTVIZIRXTVSTIV connection or fitting so that corrective action can be taken for XLIVIQEMRMRKJEFVMGEXMSR;LIRETVSHYGXGERRSXFIIVIGXIH [MXLMRXLIXSPIVERGIWEWWYQIHMRXLIGSRRIGXMSRHIWMKRXLI IVIGXSV WLSYPH RSXMJ] XLI TVIGEWXIV ERH +''1 XS GLIGO XLI WXVYGXYVEP EHIUYEG] SJ XLI MRWXEPPEXMSR 8LI GSRRIGXMSR design should be modified, if required. 2S TVSHYGX WLSYPH FI PIJX MR ER YRWEJI GSRHMXMSR %R] EHNYWXQIRXW EJJIGXMRK WXVYGXYVEP TIVJSVQERGI SXLIV XLER EHNYWXQIRXW [MXLMR TVIWGVMFIH XSPIVERGIW WLSYPH FI QEHI SRP]EJXIVETTVSZEPF]XLITVIGEWXHIWMKRIRKMRIIV4VSHYGXW WLSYPHRSXFIJSVGIHMRXSTPEGISVMRWXEPPIHF]ER]QIXLSH XLEX[SYPHMRHYGI SVMQTSWIER]YRHYIWXVIWW SVSZIVPSEH SRXLIWXVYGXYVISRXLITVSHYGXWSVSRXLIGSRRIGXMSRW%R] HIZMEXMSRWWLSYPHFIVITSVXIHXSXLITVIGEWXQERYJEGXYVIV -RXIVJEGI XSPIVERGIW ERH GPIEVERGIW EVI XLSWI VIUYMVIH JSV NSMRMRK HMJJIVIRX FYMPHMRK IPIQIRXW MR GSRXEGX [MXLSVMRTVS\MQMX]XSXLITVIGEWXGSRGVIXIERHXSEGGSQ QSHEXIVIPEXMZIQSZIQIRXWI\TIGXIHFIX[IIRWYGLIPIQIRXW HYVMRKXLIPMJISJXLIFYMPHMRK8]TMGEPI\EQTPIWEVIXSPIV ERGIW JSV [MRHS[ ERH HSSV STIRMRKW VIKPIXW QIGLERMGEP ERHIPIGXVMGEPIUYMTQIRXIPIZEXSVWWXEMVW[EPPWERHTEVXM

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{'PIERMRK 4ERIPW HIPMZIVIH XS XLI NSF WMXI WLSYPH FI GPIER ERH MR EGGITXEFPI GSRHMXMSR 8LI IVIGXSV WLSYPH VIGSEX EPP [IPHW ERHEFVEHIHWXIIP[MXL VYWXMRLMFMXSV SVMRGEWIW SJ KEPZE RMÎH TPEXIW [MXL E GSPH KEPZERM^MRK GSEXMRK XS TVIZIRX VYWXMRK[LMGLGERWXEMRXLITERIPW+IRIVEPP]XLIIVIGXSVMW VIWTSRWMFPIJSV ER]GLMTTMRK WTEPPMRK GVEGOMRKERH SXLIV HEQEKIXSXLITVIGEWXTERIPWEJXIVHIPMZIV]XSXLINSFWMXIERH HYVMRKMRWXEPPEXMSR 8LI KIRIVEP GSRXVEGXSV EWWYQIW VIWTSRWMFMPMX] JSV TERIP TVSXIGXMSR EJXIV TERIP MRWXEPPEXMSR 8LI KIRIVEP GSRXVEGXSV WLSYPH EPWS QEOI EVVERKIQIRXW XS TVSZMHI TVSXIGXMSR JSV EHNEGIRXQEXIVMEPWWYGLEW KPEWWERHEPYQMRYQXLEXQE]FI HEQEKIHF][IPHWTPEXXIVSVSXLIVGSRWXVYGXMSRQEXIVMEPWWYGL as fireproofing. Otherwise, adjacent materials should not be MRWXEPPIHYRXMPTERIPWEVIMRTPEGIVITEMVIHERHGPIERIH %R] QSVXEV KVSYX TPEWXIV WXEMRW SV SXLIV QEXXIV SR XLI TERIPW HYVMRK KIRIVEP GSRWXVYGXMSR WLSYPH FI MQQIHM EXIP][EWLIH SJJ[MXL GPIER[EXIV SVGPIERIHEWSXLIV[MWI VIUYMVIH 6EMR[EXIV SV [EXIV JVSQ GSRWXVYGXMSR LSWIW GER [EWL EGVSWW FYMPHMRK QEXIVMEPW ERH GEYWI HMWGSPSVEXMSR SJ I\TSWIHTVIGEWXTERIPW 'PIERMRKTVSGIHYVIW{;LIRGPIERMRKI\TSWIHTERIP JEGIWXLI]WLSYPHFI[EWLIH[MXLE GPIERWMRKEKIRXQM\IH [MXLLSX[EXIVERHXLSVSYKLP]VMRWIH[MXLGPIEV[EXIV%KSSH fiber brush should be used for cleaning. Panels are usually GPIERIHJVSQXSTSJXLIFYMPHMRKHS[R[EVH-RHMZMHYEPTVIGEWX TERIPWEVIGPIERIHJVSQXLIFSXXSQYT%JXIV[EWLMRKJVSQ FSXXSQXSXLIXSTTERIPWWLSYPHFIVMRWIHERH[EWLIHJVSQ XSTXSFSXXSQJSPPS[IHF]EWIGSRHVMRWI[MXLGPIEV[EXIV (S RSX EPPS[ GPIERMRK WSPYXMSRW XS HV] SR GSRGVIXI surfaces that will be exposed to view. Final finish should be WSYRH[MXLI\TSWIHGSRGVIXIJVIISJEPPPEMXERGIHMVXWXEMRW WQIEVWSVSXLIVFPIQMWLIW 7XYFFSVRWXEMRW{;LIRWXEMRWVIQEMREJXIVGPIERMRK [MXL E WXMJJ FVYWL ERH GPIERWMRK EKIRX XLI TERIP WYVJEGI WLSYPH FI XLSVSYKLP] [IXXIH [MXL GPIEV [EXIV ERH XLIR WGVYFFIH [MXL E HMPYXI WSPYXMSR SJ QYVMEXMG L]HVSGLPSVMG EGMH 8LMW WSPYXMSR GSRGIRXVEXMSR QE] FI MRGVIEWIH XS E QE\MQYQSJ TIVGIRXQYVMEXMGEGMHFYXXV][IEOIVWSPY tions first. A thorough washing with clear water should MQQIHMEXIP]JSPPS[WGVYFFMRK,SRIHERHTSPMWLIHWYVJEGIW GERRSXFI EGMHGPIERIH[LIVI XLIVI EVIWSPYFPIEKKVIKEXIW WYGLEWPMQIWXSRISVQEVFPISRXLITERIPJEGI%GMHGPIERMRK QE] GLERKI XLI ETTIEVERGI SJ WERHFPEWXIH WYVJEGIW 8EOI


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and lungs. Materials that can produce noxious or flammable fumes should not be used in confined spaces unless adequate ZIRXMPEXMSRMWTVSZMHIH 7ERHFPEWXMRK ERH WXIEQ GPIERMRK{(V] SV [IX EFVEWMZI FPEWXMRK YWMRK WERH SV SXLIV EFVEWMZIW QE] FI GSRWMHIVIH MJ XLMW QIXLSH [EW SVMKMREPP] YWIH MR I\TSWMRK XLIYRMXWYVJEGI7XIEQGPIERMRKQE]EPWSFIYWIHXSGPIER TERIPW 8LI EVGLMXIGXYVEP TVIGEWXIV SV ER I\TIVMIRGIH WYFGSRXVEGXSVWLSYPHTIVJSVQER]WERHFPEWXMRK%ZIRXYVM X]TIRS^^PIWLSYPHFIYWIHJSVMXWWSPMHFPEWXTEXXIVRVEXLIV XLEREWXVEMKLXFSVIRS^^PIXLEXTVSHYGIWPMKLXJVMRKIEVIEW 7ERHFPEWXMRKGERHYPPEKKVIKEXISVGLERKIGSPSVSVXI\XYVI WSXLEXMXRSPSRKIVQEXGLIWXLIWXVYGXYVI%WQEPPEVIETVIJ IVEFP]SRXLIQSGOYTTERIPWLSYPHFIXVMIHERHETTVSZIH FIJSVITVSGIIHMRK[MXL[SVO 7XSRIZIRIIVJEGIHTVIGEWXGSRGVIXIYRMXWWLSYPH be cleaned with a stiff fiber, stainless steel, or bronze wire FVYWL E QMPH WSET TS[HIV SV HIXIVKIRX ERH GPIER [EXIV YWMRKLMKLTVIWWYVIMJRIGIWWEV]%GMHSVSXLIVWXVSRKGLIQ MGEPW XLEX GER HEQEKI SV WXEMR ZIRIIV WLSYPH RSX FI YWIH -RJSVQEXMSR WLSYPH FI SFXEMRIH JVSQ WXSRI WYTTPMIVW SR QIXLSHWSJVIQSZMRKSMPVYWXERHHMVXWXEMRWJVSQXLIWXSRI 1SVXEV WXEMRW GER FI VIQSZIH JVSQ FVMGO TERIPW F]XLSVSYKLP][IXXMRKXLITERIPERHWGVYFFMRK[MXLEWXMJJ fiber brush and a masonry cleaning solution. A prepared GPIERMRKGSQTSYRHMWVIGSQQIRHIHLS[IZIVSRVIHFVMGO E[IEOWSPYXMSRSJQYVMEXMGEGMHERH[EXIV RSXXSI\GIIHE TIVGIRXQYVMEXMGEGMHWSPYXMSR QE]FIYWIH%GMHWLSYPH be flushed from the panel with large amounts of clean water [MXLMRXSQMRYXIWSJETTPMGEXMSR&YJJKVE]SVFVS[R FVMGOWLSYPHFIGPIERIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIFVMGOQERY JEGXYVIVvW VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW TSWWMFP] YWMRK TVSTVMIXEV] GPIERIVW VEXLIVXLEREGMH XS TVIZIRX KVIIR SV ]IPPS[ ZERE HMYQWXEMRWERHFVS[RQERKERIWIWXEMRW *SPPS[MRKETTPMGEXMSRSJXLIGPIERMRKWSPYXMSRXLITERIP WLSYPHFIVMRWIHXLSVSYKLP][MXLGPIER[EXIV,MKLTVIWWYVI [EXIV GPIERMRK XIGLRMUYIW YWMRK XS TWM XS 14E [EWLIWQE]EPWSFIYWIHXSVIQSZIQSVXEVWXEMRW 9RKPEÎH XMPI SV XIVVEGSXXE WYVJEGIW WLSYPH FI GPIERIH[MXL E TIVGIRX WSPYXMSRSJWYPJYVMGEGMH JSV KVE] SV [LMXI NSMRXW ERH E QSVI HMPYXI TIVGIRX WSPYXMSR JSV

GSPSVIHNSMRXW8LIWYVJEGIWLSYPHFIVMRWIH[MXLGPIER[EXIV FSXL FIJSVI ERH EJXIV GPIERMRK +PEÎH XMPI QERYJEGXYVIVW KIRIVEPP]HSRSXVIGSQQIRHYWMRKEGMHJSVGPIERMRK 'PIERMRKWIEPIHTERIPW{-JTERIPWXLEXLEZIFIIR WIEPIH FIJSVI WLMTTMRK XS XLI WMXI VIUYMVI GPIERMRK MX QE] FIRIGIWWEV]XSVIQSZIXLIWIEPIVERHVIGSEXXLITERIPEJXIV GPIERMRK 7YVJEGI WIEPIVW WLSYPH RIZIV FI VIETTPMIH YRXMP EPP GPIERMRK ERH VITEMVW EVI GSQTPIXI *SV MRJSVQEXMSR SR removing specific stains from concrete, refer to PCA (1988). {4EXGLMRKERHVITEMVMRK +IRIVEP{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{8LI TVIGEWXIV WLSYPH prepare a written repair procedure that clearly defines when XSGSRWYPXXLITVIGEWXIRKMRIIVXSHIXIVQMRIERETTVSTVMEXI VITEMV1ENSVVITEMVWWLSYPHRSXFIEXXIQTXIHYRXMPERIRKM RIIVMRK IZEPYEXMSR HIXIVQMRIW [LIXLIV SV RSX XLI YRMX MW WXVYGXYVEPP] WSYRH ;LIR VITEMVEFPI XLI TVIGEWX IRKMRIIV WLSYPHETTVSZIXLITVSGIHYVI 7IPIGXMRKXIGLRMUYIWSVQEXIVMEPWJSVVITEMVHITIRHSRXLI I\XIRX SJ HEQEKI TVSHYGX JYRGXMSR EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ IUYMT QIRX ERH WOMPPIH QERTS[IV IGSRSQMG GSRWMHIVEXMSRW VIUYMVIQIRXJSVWTIIHSJVITEMVERHMQTSVXERGISJETTIEV ERGI-XMWMQTSVXERXXLEXEPPVITEMVWEVITIVJSVQIHMREHZERGI of final cleaning and joint sealing. Any repair work on joints WLSYPH FI JYPP] GYVIH GPIER ERH HV] FIJSVI GEYPOMRK %PP VITEMVWERHVIQIHMEP[SVOWLSYPHFIHSGYQIRXIHERHOITX in job record files. (IXIVQMRMRK [LIR XS VITEMV{)ZEPYEXI MQTIV JIGXMSRW MR XLI GSRGVIXI XS HIXIVQMRI MJ VITEMVW WLSYPH FI attempted. Repairs can accentuate flaws rather than remove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(IZIPSTMRKVITEMVQM\XYVI{9WIXLINSFWMXIQSGOYT SVEHEQEKIHVINIGXTERIPXSHIZIPSTETEXGLQM\XYVIHIWMKR ERHTVEGXMGIVITEMVERHXI\XYVIXIGLRMUYIW-RQSWXGEWIWMX is better to complete preparation of all finishes on the precast TERIP FIJSVI FIKMRRMRK ER] TEXGLMRK SV VITEMVW 6IGIRX VITEMVEVIEWGERFIHEQEKIH[LIRVITEMVWEVIQEHIELIEH of the panel finishing. Patch mixture designs and finishing XIGLRMUYIWWLSYPHFIHSGYQIRXIHWSRI[[SVOIVWGERXEOI SZIVVITEMVWMJMRMXMEPVIWXSVEXMSRWTIGMEPMWXWPIEZIXLITVSNIGX 'LMTW ERH WTEPPW{'LMTW WTEPPW ERH EVIEW SJ YRWSYRH GSRGVIXI QE] FI TVITEVIH [MXL E LERHLIPH SV TRIYQEXMG GLMWIP 8LI VITEMV EVIE WLSYPH FI GLMTTIH XS E HITXLXMQIWXLIQE\MQYQWMÎSJEKKVIKEXIXSEWWMWXMR LSPHMRKXLITEXGLQM\XYVIMRTPEGI ;LIRVITEMVMRKGLMTWSVWTEPPWEPPPSSWIQEXIVMEPWLSYPHFI VIQSZIHYWMRKELERHLIPHSVTRIYQEXMGGLMTTMRKLEQQIV %VIEWWLSYPHFIGYXFEGOYWYEPP]XSMR XSQQ YRXMP GSEVWI EKKVIKEXI FVIEOW VEXLIV XLER PSSWIRW YRHIV GLMTTMRK8LIWMHISJXLILSPIWLSYPHFIZIVXMGEPSVWPMKLXP] YRHIVGYXXSTVSZMHIEOI]EXXLIIHKISJXLIVITEMV(ITXLSJ EVIEXSFIVITEMVIHWLSYPHFIEXPIEWXXMQIWXLIQE\MQYQ EKKVIKEXIWMÎ:IV] XLMR IHKIW JIEXLIVIHKIW WLSYPHRSX FITIVQMXXIHERHGYXSYXWWLSYPHFIEXPIEWXMR QQ deep to provide a shoulder of sufficient depth to permit a smooth finish. For exposed aggregate finishes, cutting back XLIGSRGVIXIMRERMVVIKYPEVTEXXIVRQMRMQMÎWHIXIGXMSRSJ the repaired area. In liner-type finishes, it may be desirable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should be painted with the epoxy adhesive. Apply sufficient ITS\]WSXLEXWSQIITS\]WUYIIÎWSYX[LIRXLIQEXIHTMIGIW are clamped together. Use an epoxy with sufficient viscosity XSTVIZIRXWEKKMRKSVVYRRMRKSRZIVXMGEPWYVJEGIW-XQE]FI RIGIWWEV]XSHVMPPXLVSYKLXLIWTEPPIHTMIGIERHMRXSXLITVIGEWX TERIPXSWIXTMRWSVFEVWXSMRGVIEWIERGLSVEKI Smooth finishes{(MWKYMWMRK E VITEMV SR WQSSXL finish is difficult because of variations in color and texture, TEVXMGYPEVP] MJ HEVO GIQIRXW EVI YWIH'SPSV HMJJIVIRGIW MR HEVO GSRGVIXI EVI QSVI RSXMGIEFPI XLER MR PMKLXIVGSPSVIH GSRGVIXI3FXEMREWQSSXLWYVJEGIF][MTMRKXLIVITEMV[MXL GLIIWIGPSXLSVEWMQMPEVQEXIVMEPVYFFMRK[MXLGEVFSVYRHYQ stone, or by grinding. A light abrasive blast with very fine WMPMGEFPEWXMRKWERHQE]VIQSZIXLIHEVOGSPSV8LMWEFVEWMZI FPEWXMWETTPMIHYWMRKEWYGXMSRJIHWERHFPEWXMRKTSX[MXLE XVMKKIVX]TIRS^^PIEXTWM 14E QE\MQYQTVIWWYVI 7ERHFPEWXETTVS\MQEXIP]HE]WEJXIVETTP]MRKXLIVITEMV

;LIRXLIVIEVIRYQIVSYWWYVJEGIEMVZSMHWMXQE]FIHIWMV EFPIXSWMQYPEXIXLIQ[MXLXLITSMRXSJEREMPFIJSVIMRMXMEP WIXSJXLIVITEMVGSRGVIXI Formliner finishes{-R GEWIW [LIVI PMRIV XI\XYVI [EWETTPMIHMXQE]FI RIGIWWEV] XSYWIEPMRIVXSMQTVIWW SRXSXLIVITEMVXLIHIWMVIHXI\XYVIEWXLIGSRGVIXIWIXW8LI compacted repair should be struck flush with the original WYVJEGI%WQEPPWIGXMSRSJJSVQPMRIVXLEXLEWFIIREXXEGLIH to a board or wooden float should be pressed against the VITEMV[LMPIXLIVITEMVQM\XYVIMWTPEWXMG;LIRTVEGXMGEFPI XLIPMRIVWLSYPHVIQEMRMRTPEGIXSLIPT[MXLGYVMRK;LIVI XLI WYVJEGI MW FSEVHQEVOIH XI\XYVI GER FI GEVVMIH EGVSWW EVITEMVF]WXVMOMRKSJJXLIWYVJEGI[MXLEWXVEMKLXIHKILIPH TEVEPPIPXS XLI HMVIGXMSRSJXLI QEVOW;LIR XLIWYVJEGIMW ribbed, it may be necessary to form the rib and fill the form [MXLXLIVITEMVQM\XYVI6MFPIRKXLWWLSYPHFIZEVMIHWSXLEX EWXVEMKLXPMRITEXXIVRHSIWRSXI\XIRHEGVSWWXLIVMFW Exposed aggregate finishes{*SVI\TSWIHEKKVIKEXI finishes, after compacted repairs are struck flush with the I\MWXMRK WYVJEGI HEQT GSEVWI EKKVIKEXI WLSYPH FI LERH TPEGIHMRXS XLI QM\XYVI MJ RSX EPVIEH] EHHIH MR XLI VITEMV QM\XYVI'SEVWIEKKVIKEXIWLSYPHFITEXXIHMRXSXLIWYVJEGI with a small wooden block. Use a wood or rubber float to GSZIV XLI EKKVIKEXI [MXL XLI VITEMV QM\XYVI %JXIV MRMXMEP WIXSJXLIVITEMVQM\XYVIYWIWXMJJR]PSRFVMWXPIFVYWLIWERH water to expose aggregate and texture the finish to blend with XLIWYVVSYRHMRKGSRGVIXI%[IXTEMRXFVYWLSVWSJXREXYVEP WTSRKI GER EPWS FI YWIH XS EGLMIZI XLI HIWMVIH XI\XYVI 7TSRKMRK XLI VITEMV WYVJEGI EJXIV XI\XYVMRK GER IJJIGXMZIP] VIQSZI GIQIRX PEMXERGI ERH QE] IPMQMREXI XLI RIIH JSV JYVXLIV GPIERMRK 8EOI GEVI WS EW RSX XS VSPP XLI EKKVIKEXI ERHHEQEKIXLIJVIWLVITEMVQM\XYVIQEXIVMEP Sandblasted finishes—To obtain a sandblasted finish, GYVIXLIVITEMVJSVXSHE]WXLIRPMKLXP]WERHFPEWXYWMRKE WYGXMSRJIHWERHFPEWXTSX[MXLEXVMKKIVX]TIRS^^PIEXXS TWM XS14E TVIWWYVIHITIRHMRKSRI\TSWYVI depth. A fine-graded silica blasting sand, 120 to 200 mesh WMÎ XSQQ WLSYPHFIYWIH%GSRZIRXMSREPWERH FPEWXIV[MXLEXSMR XSQQ HMEQIXIVZIRXYVM RS^^PIQE]EPWSFIYWIHTVSZMHIHXLEXETVIWWYVIZEPZIMR XLIEMVPMRIQEMRXEMRWTVIWWYVIEXXLIHIWMVIHVERKI%RSXLIV method to obtain a deep sandblasted finish is to cure the repair for 7 days then use a deep blast on the repair, filling MR[MXLXLITVSTIVQEXVM\ERHXLIRPMKLXP]FVYWLMRKXSTVSTIV HITXLFIJSVIMRMXMEPWIX -RWSQIGEWIWEKKVIKEXIQE]FIWERHFPEWXIHFIJSVIYWI MRXLIQM\XYVI8LMWEFVEHIWERHHYPPWXLIEKKVIKEXIWYVJEGIW ERHEPPS[WXLIWYVJEGIWSJXLII\TSWIHEKKVIKEXIMRXLISVMK MREPXSQEXGLXLIWYVVSYRHMRKWYVJEGI ,SRIHSVTSPMWLIHWYVJEGIW{-JLSRIHSVTSPMWLIH WYVJEGIW RIIH VITEMV XLI VITEMV WLSYPH FI FYMPX YT XS 3/16 in. (3 to 5 mm) higher than the surrounding finished face then ground flush using hand tools of successively finer stone until the specified finish, level, and planeness EVIEGLMIZIH7QEPPGLMTWWLSYPHFIVITEMVIHYWMRKEXMRXIH epoxy containing crushed and graded coarse aggregate fines XSQMRMQMÎTEWXIZSPYQI8[IRX]JSYVLSYVWEJXIVETTPMGE XMSRLERHTSPMWLVITEMVWXSQEXGLXLIWYVVSYRHMRKGSRGVIXI


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

'YVMRK SJ VITEMVW{%HIUYEXI GYVMRK QIXLSHW JSV VITEMVW WLSYPH FI MQTPIQIRXIH MQQIHMEXIP] XS IRWYVI XLEX XLI VITEMV HSIW RSX HV] XSS UYMGOP] ERH GEYWI MX XS WLVMRO E[E]JVSQXLII\MWXMRKGSRGVIXI8LIVITEMVEVIEWLSYPHFI QSMWXGYVIHJSVEXPIEWXHE]WFYXHE]WMWTVIJIVVIH1SMWX GYVMRKGERFIEGGSQTPMWLIHF]GSZIVMRK[MXLEFPEROIXSJ damp flannel, linen, cheese cloth, or other nonstaining fabric ERH E GSZIV SJ TSP]IXL]PIRI XETIH SV XMIH XS XLI GSRGVIXI )\IVGMWI GEVI XS EZSMH [EWLMRK SV IVSHMRK XLI VITEMV -J RIIHIH HYVMRK GYVMRK EHHMXMSREP [EXIV WLSYPH FI EHHIH XS XLI JEFVMGERH XLI +*64 GSZIVMRKVITPEGIH 8LIGYVMRK QIXLSHWLSYPHFIXIWXIHSRXVMEPVITEMVWQEHIMRXLIQSGOYT WEQTPIYRMX2SRWXEMRMRKQIQFVERIGYVMRKGSQTSYRHWQE] FIWTVE]IHSZIVEVITEMVERHPEXIVVIQSZIHF]WGVYFFMRK[MXL WSETERH[EXIVSVF]EGMH[EWLMRKMJXLIYRMX[EWSVMKMREPP] XVIEXIH[MXLEGMH,IEXPEQTWXLEXQEMRXEMREXIQTIVEXYVIMR XLIVITEMVSJFIX[IIRERH* ERH' EVIVIGSQ QIRHIHJSVGYVMRKMRGSPH[IEXLIV &PIRHMRK GSPSV HMJJIVIRXMEP{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blanket of flannel, linen, or cheesecloth that is then placed SZIVXLIWYVJEGIERHGSZIVIH[MXLTSP]IXL]PIRI%TTPMGEXMSR WLSYPHFIQEHISREQSGOYTTERIPSVWQEPPWEQTPIWFIJSVI use on finished architectural panels. 'VEGO VITEMV{4ERIPW QE] GVEGO HYVMRK XVERW TSVXEXMSR ERH MRWXEPPEXMSR 7XVYGXYVEP ERH ZMWYEP EGGITX EFMPMX] SJ GVEGOW WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH F] XLI IRKMRIIV EVGLMXIGX ERH S[RIV 6IJIV XS 7IGXMSR JSV MRJSVQE XMSR SRGVEGO EGGITXEFMPMX] 8LI VITEMV QIXLSH JSV E GVEGO HITIRHW SR MXW WMÎ PSGEXMSR ERH XLI IRKMRIIVMRK TVSF PIQW GEYWMRK XLI GVEGO 'VEGOW XLEX EVI RSR[SVOMRK SV have no significant structural problems may be chipped or VSYXIHSYXERHVITEMVIHMRXLIWEQI[E]EWGLMTWERHWTEPPW 7IGXMSR ;LIR GVEGOW LEZI SGGYVVIH ERH VITEMVW EVIVIUYMVIHEIWXLIXMGGVEGOWXLEXVERKIJVSQXS MR XSQQ [MHIGERFIVITEMVIHF]TVIWWYVIMRNIG XMSRSJPS[ZMWGSWMX]LMKLQSHYPYWTIVGIRXWSPMHX[S GSQTSRIRX ITS\] GSRJSVQMRK XS %781 ''1 8]TIKVEHIERHGPEWWWLSYPHFIGLSWIRXSWEXMWJ]NSFGSRHM XMSRW ERH VIUYMVIQIRXW 8LI W]WXIQ WLSYPH FI GETEFPI SJ FSRHMRK[IXWYVJEGIWYRPIWWMXGERFIEWWYVIHXLEXXLIGVEGO

MWGSQTPIXIP]HV])\IVGMWIGEVIXSWIPIGXERITS\]GSPSVXLEX closely matches the concrete surface. Epoxy-filled crack VITEMVW WLSYPH FI HSRI FIJSVI WERHFPEWXMRK MJ ETTPMGEFPI &PEWXMRK FIJSVI ITS\] [SVO [MPP GEYWI XLI GVEGO XS LEZI rounded edges, and it will be more difficult to minimize the GVEGOETTIEVERGI 7QEPP GVEGOW IUYEP XS SV PIWW XLER MR QQ [MHIQE]RSXRIIHVITEMVYRPIWWJEMPYVIXSHSWSGERGEYWI VIMRJSVGIQIRXGSVVSWMSRMRWIZIVIIRZMVSRQIRXW-JVITEMVMW VIUYMVIHJSVXLIVIWXSVEXMSRSJWXVYGXYVEPMRXIKVMX]GVEGOWQE] FI TVIWWYVI MRNIGXIH [MXL PS[ZMWGSWMX] ITS\] 8LI ITS\] WLSYPHFIGETEFPISJFSRHMRKXSEQSMWXWYVJEGIFIGEYWIMX MWYWYEPP]MQTSWWMFPIXSVIQSZIQSMWXYVIMRXLIGVEGO8LMW ETTVSEGLGERFIYWIHSREPPGVEGOW[MHIVXLERETTVS\MQEXIP] MR QQ )TS\]MRNIGXMSRHITIRHWSRGSRGVIXI XIQTIVEXYVI ERH ZMWGSWMX] SJ XLI ITS\] % X]TMGEP ITS\] VITEMVTVSGIHYVIMWHIXEMPIHMRXLIJSPPS[MRK 8LSVSYKLP]GPIERXLIGVEGOIHEVIE (VMPPIRXV]TSVXLSPIWEPSRKXLIGVEGOSRILEPJXLIXLMGO RIWW SJ XLI TVIGEWX TERIP ERH WTEGI IRXV] TSVXW EPSRK XLIGVEGOEXMRXIVZEPWETTVS\MQEXIP]IUYEPXSXLITERIP XLMGORIWW 4VSZMHI E XIQTSVEV] WYVJEGI WIEP [MXL [E\ KVSYX L]HVEYPMGGIQIRXSVITS\]VIWMRWIEPERX -RNIGXPS[ZMWGSWMX]TIVGIRXWSPMHITS\]MRXSTSVXW FIKMRRMRK [MXL XLI PS[IWX TSVX % TVIWWYVI SJ TWM 14E MWYWYEPP]VIGSQQIRHIH Continue to inject at lowest port until epoxy flows from XLIRI\XLMKLIWXTSVXEPSRKXLIGVEGO Plug each injector port after it has been filled. Continue the procedure until the entire crack has been filled. %JXIVXLIITS\]GYVIWVIQSZIXLIXIQTSVEV]WYVJEGIWIEPW TSVXWERHI\XVEITS\]7YVJEGIXI\XYVM^MRKSVWERHFPEWXMRK XLIVITEMVIHGSRGVIXIEVIEMWRIGIWWEV]XSVIQSZIEPPXVEGIW SJITS\]SVXLIWYVJEGIWIEPGSEX6IJIVXS%'-JSV HIXEMPIHMRJSVQEXMSR ',%48)6{59%0-8=6)59-6)1)287 %2(8)787 {-RXVSHYGXMSR +IRIVEP{%R IJJIGXMZI UYEPMX] EWWYVERGI ERH UYEPMX]GSRXVSPTVSKVEQ 5%5' MRTVIGEWXTERIPJEFVMGE tion benefits the precaster by reducing the cost of repairing SV VIQEOMRK TVSHYGXW HYI XS JEFVMGEXMSR IVVSVW 5YEPMX] GSRXVSPEPWSVIHYGIWXLIGLERGISJWXVYGXYVEPJEMPYVIHYIXS VIMRJSVGMRKFEVWFIMRKSQMXXIHSVQMWPSGEXIH4VIGEWXIVIG tors benefit when panels meet tolerances because they do RSXWTIRHI\XVEXMQIPSSOMRKJSVWEXMWJEGXSV][E]WXSIVIGX out-of-tolerance panels. Owners benefit when a structure MWVIGIMZIH XLEX QIIXW XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW[MXLMR XLIEKVIIH YTSRFYHKIX8LIQEMRSFNIGXMZISJE5%5'TVSKVEQMWXS TVSZMHIGSQTVILIRWMZIJEFVMGEXMSRMRWTIGXMSRERHXIWXMRKWS that panels conform to project specifications. -RGSQMRK QEXIVMEPW{8LI 5%5' TVSKVEQ WLSYPH review the specifications and identify those specification sections for incoming materials. Specifications should GPIEVP]MHIRXMJ]XLIXIWXWSVMRWTIGXMSRWXSFITIVJSVQIHSV SXLIV QIERW SV QIXLSHW XS FI YWIH XS HIXIVQMRI QEXIVMEP


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

acceptability. These may include analysis certificates, mill test reports, and compliance certificates. Inspection records WLSYPHFIOITXJSVEQMRMQYQSJ]IEVWSVEWGEPPIHJSVMR XLITVSNIGXHSGYQIRXW -RTVSGIWW5%5'{5%5'TVSKVEQWGERWMQTPMJ] ERHMQTVSZIXLIMRXIVVIPEXMSREQSRKS[RIVIRKMRIIVEVGLM XIGX GSRXVEGXSV ERH TERIP JEFVMGEXSV -R WYGL TVSKVEQW JSVQWVIMRJSVGIQIRXERHIQFIHQIRXWWLSYPHFIMRWTIGXIH before concrete placement. The face finish of the panel WLSYPHFIMRWTIGXIHEJXIVXLITERIPMWGYVIHERHWXVMTTIHJVSQ the form. Before shipping, the finish surface of the panels WLSYPH FI MRWTIGXIH JSV GSQTPMERGI [MXL TVSNIGX VIUYMVI QIRXW JSV GSPSV YRMJSVQMX] ERH XI\XYVI -RWTIGXMSR TVSGI HYVIWWLSYPHFIHIWMKRIHWSXLEXTERIPJEFVMGEXMSRTVSGIIHW EWWGLIHYPIH[MXLQMRMQYQHIPE]%KSSH5'TVSKVEQMW WMQTPIERHGSRWMWXIRX-XHIWGVMFIWXLITVSHYGXERHMRGPYHIW specifications, fabrication tolerances, and assembly draw MRKW-XWLSYPHEPWSHIXEMPTEGOEKMRKWXSVMRKERHWLMTTMRK MRJSVQEXMSR 'SQTPMGEXIH TPERX TVSGIHYVIW ERH GSRXVSPW PIEHXSYRGIVXEMRX]ERHGSRJYWMSR Product finish—8LIVI MW EP[E]W ZEVMEXMSR MR XLI color, texture, and finish from panel to panel. Acceptable TERIPWWLSYPHWLS[RSSFZMSYWWYVJEGIHIJIGXWSXLIVXLER QMRSVGSPSVERHXI\XYVIZEVMEXMSRW[LIRWIIRMRKSSHX]TMGEP PMKLXMRKEXEHMWXERGISJJX Q *MREPETTIEVERGISJXLI product is difficult to evaluate because it is subject to the TIVWSREP MRXIVTVIXEXMSR SJ XLI IRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX SV S[RIV ;LIVIXLIVIMWEKVIEXGSRGIVREFSYXXLIGSPSVXI\XYVISV YRMJSVQMX] SJXLITERIPXLIS[RIVWLSYPHVIUYMVIQSGOYT TERIPW SV WEQTPIW EW VIGSQQIRHIH MR 7IGXMSR 3RGI XLI S[RIV SV IRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX LEW MRWTIGXIH XLI WEQTPIW and selected an acceptable range of finish and texture, the MRWTIGXSVLEWEXERKMFPIWXERHEVHJSVVIJIVIRGI 2SRGSRJSVQMRK QEXIVMEPW{8LI 5%5' TVSKVEQ WLSYPH WTIGMJ] LS[ RSRGSRJSVQMRK QEXIVMEPW MRGSQMRK materials, in-process materials, and finished products) are WIKVIKEXIH JVSQ GSRJSVQMRK QEXIVMEPW YRXMP E HIGMWMSR MW QEHIEFSYXLS[XSHMWTSWISJSVVI[SVOXLIRSRGSRJSVQMRK QEXIVMEPW {9REGGITXEFPIHIJIGXW 'VEGOW GER YWYEPP] FI VITEMVIH 8LI TVIGEWX JEFVMGEXSV WLSYPH LEZI ER STTSVXYRMX] XS QEOI VITEMVW FIJSVI ER] panels are rejected. The following list gives definitions of YREGGITXEFPI TERIP HIJIGXW XLEX WLSYPH RSX VIQEMR SR XLI finished panels. 'EWXMRK HIJIGXW{)\GIWWMZI WYVJEGI EMV ZSMHW SR XLI I\TSWIH WYVJEGI GEWXMRK PMRIW IZMHIRX JVSQ HMJJIVIRX TPEGIQIRXW ERH TSSV GSRWSPMHEXMSR EVIEW SJ FEGOYT GSRGVIXIFPIIHMRKXLVSYKLXLIJEGMRKGSRGVIXIJSVIMKR QEXIVMEP IQFIHHIH MR XLI TERIP JEGI VIMRJSVGIQIRX WLEHS[PMRIW 7XEMRW{6YWX SV SXLIV WXEMRW FPSGOMRK WXEMRW SV EGMH WXEMRWIZMHIRXSRXLII\TSWIHWYVJEGI -VVIKYPEVMXMIW{6EKKIHSVMVVIKYPEVIHKIWZMWMFPIJSVQ NSMRXWSVMVVIKYPEVWYVJEGIW 2SRYRMJSVQ GSPSV ERH XI\XYVI{4ERIPW RSX QEXGLMRK XLIETTVSZIHWEQTPIWJSVYRMJSVQMX]SJGSPSV[MXLMRE

TERIPSVJVSQTERIPXSTERIPRSRYRMJSVQMX]SJEKKVI gate color, adjacent flat and return surfaces with greater HMJJIVIRGIMRI\TSWYVIXLERXLIETTVSZIHWEQTPIW 'VEGOWERHVITEMVW{'VEGOWSVVITEMVWZMWMFPIEXJX (9 m) after final installation and finish. {7XVYGXYVEPEHIUYEG] 4VIGEWX TERIPW WLSYPH FI MRWTIGXIH XS EWWYVI XLI] EVI structurally sound. When the inspector finds cracks, chips, or WTEPPWMRETERIPERHMWYRWYVISJXLIMVMQTEGXLIWLIWLSYPH VIJIVXLITVSFPIQXSXLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXWSXLEXXLIGSRHM XMSRGERFIIZEPYEXIH)ZIRXLSYKLVITEMVWQE]FIWXVYGXYVEP EPPVITEMVWWLSYPHQEXGLXLIWYVVSYRHMRKGSRGVIXIERHQIIX EVGLMXIGXYVEPVIUYMVIQIRXW {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{1EXIVMEPW +IRIVEP{4ERIP QEXIVMEPW WLSYPH FI GSRXMRYSYWP] evaluated to assure they meet their respective specifications. -RWSQIGEWIWXLIQEXIVMEPIZEPYEXMSRTVSKVEQMRZSPZIWSRP] SFXEMRMRK ERH VIZMI[MRK QMPP SV QEXIVMEP WYTTPMIV VITSVXW ,S[IZIVMRSXLIVWMXYEXMSRWMXQE]MRGPYHII\XIRWMZIXIWXMRK 6IMRJSVGMRK WXIIP{6IMRJSVGMRK WXIIP WLSYPH FI GLIGOIHXSWIIMJMXMWXLITVSTIVWMÎERHKVEHI-JXLIVIMR JSVGMRKWXIIPMWXSFIYWIHEWERERGLSVJSV[IPHIHIQFIH QIRX EWWIQFPMIW XLI GEVFSR IUYMZEPIRX WLSYPH QIIX %;7 (VIUYMVIQIRXW6IMRJSVGMRKWXIIPWLSYPHQIIXXLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ %781 %%1 %%1 SV%%1 ;IPHIH EWWIQFPMIW{;IPHIH IQFIHQIRX EWWIQ FPMIWWLSYPHFIMRWTIGXIHXSIRWYVIXLI]EVIJEFVMGEXIH[MXL XLI GSVVIGX WMÎ TPEXIW ERH RYQFIV SJ ERGLSVW ;IPHMRK TVSGIHYVIWWLSYPHFIQSRMXSVIHXSIRWYVIXLEX [IPHWLEZI EHIUYEXIWXVIRKXLW 'SRGVIXI{-R QER] MRWXERGIW GSRGVIXI JSV TVIGEWX [EPPTERIPWMWFEXGLIHEXXLIWMXISJTERIPJEFVMGEXMSRFIGEYWI WTIGMEP GIQIRXW ERH EKKVIKEXIW EVI YWIH 8LI GSRXVSP ERH XIWXMRKSJXLMWGSRGVIXIMWXLIVIWTSRWMFMPMX]SJXLITVIGEWXIV and should be identified in the QA/QC program. 'IQIRX{'IQIRX WLSYPH FI IZEPYEXIH JSV MXW WXVIRKXLTVSHYGMRK GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW 8LI GIQIRX WYTTPMIV should provide a certified mill test report with each shipment ERHEPWSHEXEEWSYXPMRIHMR%781''1 1MPP test reports should be kept for at least 2 years. It is beneficial XS SFXEMR E PF OK WEQTPI JVSQ IEGL HIPMZIV] ERH WXSVIMXMREREMVXMKLXGSRXEMRIVJSVJYXYVIIZEPYEXMSRMRGEWI WXVIRKXLSVGSPSVTVSFPIQWSGGYV


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

%KKVIKEXIW{2SVQEP[IMKLXGSEVWIEKKVIKEXIWERH fine aggregates should meet the requirements of ASTM C33/ '1 I\GITX JSV KVEHEXMSR SJ EKKVIKEXIW YWIH MR XLI JEGIQM\XYVI7XVYGXYVEPPMKLX[IMKLXEKKVIKEXIWWLSYPHQIIX XLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ%781''1%PPEKKVIKEXIW WLSYPHFIWEQTPIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXL%781((1 XIWXIHJSVKVEHMRKMREGGSVHERGI[MXL%781' and for specific gravity in accordance with ASTM C128-07. %KKVIKEXIXIWXWWLSYPHFIQEHIJSVIZIV]]H Q SJGSRGVIXITVSHYGIHFYXRSXPIWWSJXIRXLERSRGIIZIV] [IIOW %HQM\XYVIW{%HQM\XYVIW WLSYPH QIIX XLI following specifications as appropriate: ASTM C1116/C1116M-10 for nonmetallic fibers. %781'SV'JSVTS^^SPERWERHQMRIVEP EHQM\XYVIW %781''1JSVEMVIRXVEMRMRKEHQM\XYVIW %781''1SV%781''1 JSVGLIQMGEPEHQM\XYVIW 'LIQMGEPEHQM\XYVIQEXIVMEPWWLSYPHFIIZEPYEXIHMRXLI laboratory or in trial batches in the field to assure compati FMPMX][MXLXLIGIQIRXYWIHMRXLIGSRGVIXI-JXLIEHQM\XYVIW EVIXSFIYWIHMREVGLMXIGXYVEPTVIGEWXGSRGVIXIXLI]WLSYPH FIIZEPYEXIHJSVXLIMVIJJIGXSRXLIGSRGVIXIGSPSVERHGSPSV GSRWMWXIRG] 1M\MRK[EXIV{-JXLI[EXIVGSQIWJVSQEQYRMG MTEP[EXIVW]WXIQMXQE]FIYWIHMRGSRGVIXI[MXLSYXJYVXLIV testing. If the water comes from an unqualified source, it WLSYPH FIXIWXIH JSV YWI MR GSRGVIXI F] SFXEMRMRK E GLIQ MGEP EREP]WMW ERH F] QEOMRK MR QQ QSVXEV GYFIW EW HIWGVMFIH MR %781 ''1 &EWIPMRI HEXE WLSYPHFISFXEMRIHYWMRKETVSZIR[EXIVWSYVGI-JXLIHE] GSQTVIWWMZIWXVIRKXLWSJGSRGVIXIQEHI[MXLXLIYRTVSZIR [EXIVWSYVGIIUYEPTIVGIRXSJXLIGSQTERMSRGSRXVSPXLI [EXIVMWWEXMWJEGXSV]JSVYWIMRGSRGVIXI 4MKQIRXW{8LI TMKQIRX WYTTPMIV WLSYPH GIVXMJ] XLEXTMKQIRXWSVSXLIVGSPSVMRKEKIRXWEVIVIWMWXERXXSPMQI ERHSXLIVEPOEPMWERHGSRJSVQXS%781''1 % WMQTPI XIWX GER FI QEHI F] QM\MRK TEVXW SJ GIQIRX with one part of the pigment, using sufficient water to form EWQSSXLTEWXI7EQTPIWWLSYPHFIOITXQSMWXERHSFWIVZIH JSVWIZIVEPHE]W-JGSRWMHIVEFPIJEHMRKSGGYVWXLITMKQIRXW EVIYRWYMXEFPI9RHIVXLIWIXIWXGSRHMXMSRWMXMWTSWWMFPIJSV the test samples to develop efflorescence. The efflorescence WLSYPH FI VIQSZIH [MXL HMPYXI QYVMEXMG EGMH SV TIVGIRX TLSWTLSVMG EGMH JSPPS[IH F] GSTMSYW [EWLMRK [MXL [EXIV FIJSVIXLIXVYIGSPSVGERFIIZEPYEXIH8IWXMRKGSPSVHYVE bility under the influence of light can be a lengthy process and sometimes a special artificial light is used to accelerate EKMRK 4VSRSYRGIH JEHMRK SJ E GSPSVIH QSVXEV YTSR I\TS WYVIXSWYRPMKLX JSV QSRXL MW IZMHIRGI XLEX E TMKQIRX MW YRWYMXEFPI {8IWXMRKJVIWLGSRGVIXI 'SRWMWXIRG]{'SRGVIXIGSRWMWXIRG]WLSYPHFIXIWXIH at least once per day for each mixture used. Significant ZEVMEXMSR MR GSRWMWXIRG] YWYEPP] MRHMGEXIW ZEVMEXMSRW MR EMV GSRXIRXJVSQFEXGLXSFEXGLSVEGLERKIMREKKVIKEXIQSMW

XYVIGSRXIRXKVEHMRKSVHIRWMX]8[SGSQQSRQIXLSHWJSV QIEWYVMRK GSRGVIXI GSRWMWXIRG] EVIXLIWPYQTXIWXERHXLI :IFIGSRWMWXSQIXIV 7PYQT{8LI WPYQT XIWX UYMGOP] ERH IEWMP] TVSZMHIW VIPMEFPI MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX GSRGVIXI GSRWMWXIRG] %781 ''1 TVSZMHIW HIXEMPIH MRWXVYGXMSRW SR XLITVSTIVXIWXTVSGIHYVI%XSPIVERGIYTXSMR QQ greater than the maximum specified slump may be allowed JSV MRHMZMHYEP FEXGLIW TVSZMHIH XLI WPYQT ZEVMEXMSR HSIW RSXEJJIGXXLIETTIEVERGISVSXLIVGSRGVIXIUYEPMXMIWFI]SRH specification limits. Concrete of lower-than-usual slump QE] FI YWIH TVSZMHIH XLEX MX GER FI TVSTIVP] TPEGIH ERH GSRWSPMHEXIH 'SRWMWXSQIXIV{8LI:IFIGSRWMWXSQIXIVWYFNIGXW GSRGVIXIXSEWPYQTXIWXSREZMFVEXMRKXEFPI %'-6 'SRGVIXI GSRWMWXIRG] MW QIEWYVIH MR XLI XMQI MR WIGSRHWVIUYMVIHXSGSRWSPMHEXIXLIWPYQTGSRIQEWWMRXS E MR QQ HMEQIXIV QEWW 'SRGVIXIW VIUYMVMRK a Vebe time greater than 6-1/2 seconds may be difficult to TVSTIVP]GSRWSPMHEXI[MXLMRXIVREPZMFVEXMSR'SRGVIXIW[MXL :IFIXMQIWPIWWXLERWIGSRHWLEZII\GIPPIRXGSRWSPM HEXMSRGLEVEGXIVMWXMGW %MV GSRXIRX{8LI EMV GSRXIRX SJ EMVIRXVEMRIH GSRGVIXI WLSYPH FI XIWXIH EX PIEWX SRGI E HE] JSV IEGL QM\XYVIHIWMKR[LIRIZIVWXVIRKXLXIWXWTIGMQIRWEVIQEHI %REMVGSRXIRXGLIGOWLSYPHEPWSFIQEHI[LIRER]SJXLI JSPPS[MRKGLERKIWSGGYV 7PYQTZEVMIWQSVIXLERMR QQ 'SRGVIXIXIQTIVEXYVIZEVMIWQSVIXLER* z' Finishing difficulties develop. &PIIHMRKETTIEVWSVMRGVIEWIW Aggregate grading changes significantly. 8LIVIMWEGLERKIMRGSRGVIXIQM\XYVIHIWMKR]MIPH 9RMX[IMKLX{9RMX[IMKLXXIWXWSJFEGOYTGSRGVIXI WLSYPHFITIVJSVQIHEXPIEWXSRGITIV[IIOJSVIEGLQM\XYVI HIWMKRYWIHVIKYPEVP]I\GITXJSVPMKLX[IMKLXGSRGVIXI[LMGL WLSYPHFIXIWXIHHEMP];LIREMVGSRXIRXXIWXWEVIQEHIMXMW YWYEPP]IEW]XSEPWSHIXIVQMRIXLI+*64YRMX[IMKLXSJXLI GSRGVIXI 8IQTIVEXYVI{*VIWL GSRGVIXI XIQTIVEXYVI WLSYPH FIVIGSVHIH[LIRIZIVWXVIRKXLWTIGMQIRWEVIGEWX-REHHM XMSRGSRGVIXIXIQTIVEXYVIWWLSYPHFIVIGSVHIHEXXLIWXEVXSJ STIVEXMSRWIEGLHE]ERHEXJVIUYIRXMRXIVZEPWMRLSXSVGSPH [IEXLIV%REVQSVIHXLIVQSQIXIVEGGYVEXIXS* z' WLSYPHVIQEMRMRXLIWEQTPIYRXMPXLIVIEHMRKWXEFMPMÎW {8IWXMRKLEVHIRIHGSRGVIXI +IRIVEP{'SRGVIXIQM\XYVIWWLSYPHQIIXXLIHYVE bility specifications and achieve the compressive strength GVMXIVMESYXPMRIHMR%'-'LETXIV+IRIVEPP]TVIGEWX GSRGVIXIHIZIPSTWWXVIRKXLMRI\GIWWSJXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWJSV MRTPEGI PSEHW 8LIWI LMKLIV GSQTVIWWMZI WXVIRKXLW EPPS[ earlier stripping for form reuse, better architectural finishes, ERHGVEGOVIWMWXERGIHYVMRKLERHPMRKERHMRWXEPPEXMSR (YVEFMPMX]{(YIXSXLIZIVXMGEPSVMIRXEXMSRSJQSWX TERIPWGVMXMGEPWEXYVEXMSRMWWIPHSQVIEGLIHERHVIWMWXERGIXS JVII^MRKERHXLE[MRKLEWVEVIP]FIIREQENSVTVSFPIQ;LIR TVIGEWXGSRGVIXITERIPWVIUYMVIHYVEFMPMX]XIWXWXLI]WLSYPH


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

JSPPS[ XLI TVSGIHYVIW SJ %781 ''1 % QMRMQYQEPPS[EFPI HYVEFMPMX] JEGXSV SJ MW VIGSQQIRHIH %MVIRXVEMRQIRXMWVIGSQQIRHIHJSVTERIPWWYFNIGXXSJVII^MRK and-thawing conditions, but a specified fixed air content level is RSXVIGSQQIRHIH VIJIVXS7IGXMSR %FWSVTXMSR{%[EXIVEFWSVTXMSRXIWXSJXLITVSTSWIH JEGMRK QM\XYVI GER TVSZMHI IEVP] MRHMGEXMSR SJ [IEXL IVMRK SV TSXIRXMEP WXEMRMRK TVSTIVXMIW SJ XLI GSRGVIXI *SV the concrete strengths typically specified for architectural TVIGEWXGSRGVIXIVIEWSREFPI[EXIVEFWSVTXMSRWLSYPHRSXFI E TVSFPIQ YRPIWW GIQIRXVMGL SV LMKL[EXIVGIQIRXMXMSYW QEXIVMEPVEXMSQM\XYVIWSVFSXLEVIYWIH 4VSGIHYVIJSVEFWSVTXMSRXIWXW{7TIGMQIRWWLSYPH FIXIWXIHEJXIVXLIGSRGVIXIMWHE]WSPH7TIGMQIRWWLSYPH FISZIRHVMIHFIX[IIRERH* ERH' YRXMPXLI [IMKLXPSWWMRLSYVWMWPIWWXLERTIVGIRX8IWXWEQTPIW WLSYPH FI GSSPIH XS VSSQ XIQTIVEXYVI [IMKLIH ERH XLIR WYFQIVKIHMR[EXIVXSSRILEPJXLIWTIGMQIRLIMKLX%JXIV LSYVWXLI]WLSYPHFIWYFQIVKIHMR[EXIVYRXMPXLI[EXIVMW flush with the specimen top. In both cases, the water should be QEMRXEMRIHFIX[IIRERH* ERH' %JXIVERSXLIV LSYVWXLIWTIGMQIRWWLSYPHFIVIQSZIHXLIWYVJEGI[EXIV [MTIH SJJ [MXL E HEQT GPSXL ERH WTIGMQIRW [IMKLIH SR E WGEPI LEZMRK E VIWSPYXMSR SJ S^ K 4IVGIRXEKI EFWSVTXMSRMWXLIHMJJIVIRGIFIX[IIR[IX[IMKLXERHSZIRHV] [IMKLXHMZMHIHF]HV][IMKLXERHQYPXMTPMIHF]8LMW ZEPYIQE]FIXVERWJSVQIHXSZSPYQITIVGIRXEKIFEWIHSRXLI YRMX[IMKLXSJXLIGSRGVIXIXIWXIH1E\MQYQ[EXIVEFWSVTXMSR JSV RSVQEP[IMKLXGSRGVIXI JEGI QM\XYVIW WLSYPH RSX I\GIIH TIVGIRXF]ZSPYQI7TIGMQIRWWLSYPHFIGPIERERHJVIISJ TEVXMRKEKIRXJSVQVIPIEWIEKIRXSVWIEPIV8EOIGEVIRSXXS QM\ER]SJXLIWIEKIRXWMRXSXLIGSRGVIXI 8IWXWTIGMQIRW{'SRJYWMSRERHHMWGVITERGMIWSJXIR I\MWXMRWIPIGXMRKXLIWMÎERHWLETISJXIWXWTIGMQIRW1ER] TVIGEWXTPERXWTVIJIV\MRSV\MR \QQ SV\QQ G]PMRHIVW3XLIVWTVIJIVMR QQ SV MR QQ GYFIW JSV IZEPYEXMRK EFWSVTXMSR ERH GSQTVIWWMZI WXVIRKXL +IRIVEPP] XLI \ MR \ QQ G]PMRHIVERHXLIMR QQ GYFIEVIRSXYWIH[LIR QE\MQYQEKKVIKEXIWMÎMRXLIGSRGVIXIQM\XYVIMWKVIEXIV XLERMR QQ 8IWXWTIGMQIRWWLSYPHFIGSRWSPMHEXIH cured, and finished similarly to the products they represent. 1SPHW{1SPHW JSV QEOMRK XIWX WTIGMQIRW WLSYPH GSQTP][MXLETTPMGEFPIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ%781''1 ERH ''1 ,IEZ] KEYKI VIYWEFPI WXIIP QSPHW VEXLIVXLERWMRKPIYWIQSPHWSJTETIVPMKLX[IMKLXQIXEPSV +*64EVITVIJIVVIH%R]QSPHWXLEXFIGSQIHMWXSVXIHSVHS RSXGSQTP][MXLXLIHMQIRWMSREPVIUYMVIQIRXWSJXLIETTVS priate ASTM specification should be discarded. 'SQTVIWWMZIWXVIRKXLXIWXWTIGMQIRW 8IWXG]PMRHIVW{7EQTPIWJSVWXVIRKXLXIWXWWLSYPH be taken on a strictly random basis as specified by ASTM '-JGLSMGISJWEQTPMRKXMQIWSVXLIGSRGVIXIFEXGLIW XS FI WEQTPIH EVI WIPIGXIH SR XLI FEWMW SJ ETTIEVERGI GSRZIRMIRGI SV SXLIV FMEWIH GVMXIVME WXEXMWXMGEP GSRGITXW PSWIZEPMHMX]2SQSVIXLERSRIXIWXWLSYPHFIXEOIRJVSQE WMRKPIFEXGLERH[EXIVWLSYPHRSXFIEHHIHEJXIVXLIWEQTPI MWXEOIR

*SYV GSQTVIWWMSR WTIGMQIRW WLSYPH FI QEHI HEMP] JSV IEGLMRHMZMHYEPGSRGVIXIQM\XYVI [LIXLIVJEGMRKSVFEGOYT QM\XYVI SVJSVIEGL]H Q SJER]SRIQM\XYVI [LIR HEMP] GSRWYQTXMSR I\GIIHW XLMW ZSPYQI 8[S WTIGM QIRWWLSYPHFIYWIHXSHIXIVQMRIWXVMTTMRKWXVIRKXLTEVXMG YPEVP]MJXLIQM\XYVIMWRI[ERHMXWLMWXSV]RSX[IPPORS[R However, one specimen may be sufficient as fabrication TVSKVIWWIW*SVJEGIQM\XYVIWWTIGMQIRWX]TMGEPP]VIUYMVIH JSVHIXIVQMRMRKWXVMTTMRKWXVIRKXLQE]FISQMXXIH[LIREMV XIQTIVEXYVIMWLMKLIVXLER* ' 8IWX WTIGMQIRW WLSYPH FI QEHI ERH WXSVIH EW RIEV EW TVEGXMGEFPI XS XLI PSGEXMSR [LIVI XLI] [MPP FI GYVIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL %781 ''1 'SRWSPMHEXMSR ERH finishing procedures should follow ASTM C31/C31M-10 ERH'VIUYMVIQIRXW Capping procedures should be as specified in ASTM ''1 I\GITX [LIR JEWXWIXXMRK LMKLWXVIRKXL WYPJYV GSQTSYRHW WTIGMEPP] QERYJEGXYVIH JSV GETTMRK EVIYWIH'SQTVIWWMSR XIWXMRK QE] FI TIVJSVQIHEJXIVXLI VIGSQQIRHIHGYVIXMQIJSVXLIGETTMRKGSQTSYRH 'YFI XIWX WTIGMQIRW{1SWX SJ XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ 7IGXMSR GER FI ETTPMIH HMVIGXP] XS GYFI TVITE VEXMSR ERH XIWXMRK 7PMKLX HIZMEXMSRW [MPP FI VIUYMVIH MR GSRGVIXIGSRWSPMHEXMSREWEVIWYPXSJHMJJIVIRXWTIGMQIRWMÎ ERHWLETI;LIRYWMRKGYFIWMXMWVIEWSREFPIXSTPEGIXLI GSRGVIXIMREWMRKPIMR QQ PE]IVJSVXLIMR QQ GYFIERHX[SMR QQ PE]IVWJSVEMR QQ GYFI4IVJSVQXEQTMRKSVI\XIVREPZMFVEXMSRMREGGSVHERGI [MXL%781''17MQMPEVXSVIWXVMGXMSRWJSVMR QQ G]PMRHIVWMRXIVREPZMFVEXMSRWLSYPHRSXFIYWIHXS GSRWSPMHEXIIMXLIVGYFIWMÎ 1IEWYVIH GSQTVIWWMZI WXVIRKXL JSV GYFIW MW KIRIVEPP] LMKLIVXLERXLEXSFXEMRIH[MXLGSRGVIXIG]PMRHIVWQEHIJVSQ XLIWEQIGSRGVIXI'YFIHEXEWLSYPHFIGSVVIPEXIHXSWXER HEVH\MR \QQ XIWXG]PMRHIVWMJGYFIWEVI XS FI GSRWMWXIRXP] YWIH EW XLI UYEPMX] GSRXVSPWTIGMQIR -J RSGSVVIPEXMSRMWEZEMPEFPITIVGIRXSJXLIQIEWYVIHGYFI WXVIRKXLWLSYPHFIYWIHEWERIWXMQEXISJXLIWXVIRKXLSJXLI WEQIGSRGVIXI[LIRXIWXIHYWMRKG]PMRHIVW 'YVMRKGSRWMHIVEXMSRW{;LIRJEFVMGEXMRKTVIGEWX TERIPWMRMXMEPGYVMRKSJXLIGSRGVIXIYWYEPP]XEOIWTPEGIMR XLIJSVQW%XIWXWTIGMQIRWLSYPHFIGYVIH[MXLERHF]XLI WEQI QIXLSH EW XLI YRMX MX VITVIWIRXW YT XS XLI XMQI XLEX XLI TVSHYGX MW WXVMTTIH JVSQ XLI JSVQ SV QSPH ;LIR XLI TVIGEWXTERIPMWXSFIWXIEQGYVIHXLIXIWXWTIGMQIRQSPH should withstand elevated temperature without significant HMWXSVXMSR ;LIR XLI TVIGEWX TERIPW EVI VIQSZIH JVSQ XLIMV JSVQW XLIXIWXWTIGMQIRWWLSYPHEPWSFIVIQSZIHJVSQXLIMVQSPHW ERH TPEGIH MR E GSRXMRYSYW QSMWX GSRHMXMSR EX * ' ' 8LMW MW XLI WIGSRHEV] GYVMRK WXEKI %R EPXIVREXMZI QIXLSH JSV WIGSRHEV] GYVMRK QE] TVSZMHI XLI FIWX QIEWYVI SJ TSXIRXMEP WXVIRKXL SJ E TEVXMGYPEV GSRGVIXI QM\XYVI8LIEPXIVREXMZIQIXLSHGEPPWJSVEXPIEWXHE]WSJ GSRXMRYSYW QSMWX GYVMRK EJXIV VIQSZMRK WTIGMQIRW JVSQ XLIQSPHWJSPPS[IHF]WXSVEKIEXETTVS\MQEXIP]TIVGIRX VIPEXMZILYQMHMX]YRXMPXLIWEQTPIMWXIWXIH&IGEYWIXLMWMW RSXER%781HIWMKREXIHTVSGIHYVIMXWLSYPHFIGSRWMHIVIH


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

SRP]EJXIVXLIIRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGXIZEPYEXIWEQFMIRX[IEXLIV GSRHMXMSRWJSVXLITVSNIGXEVIE Tests of finished panels{;LIR UYIWXMSRW EVMWI EFSYX EHIUYEXI WXVIRKXL SJ E TERIP SV WIVMIW SJ TERIPW XLI UYEPMX]SJXLIGSRGVIXIGERFIWXFIIWXEFPMWLIHF]GSVIXIWXW %PXIVREXMZIQIXLSHWWYGLEWVIFSYRHLEQQIVTYPPSYXXIWXW ERHTIRIXVEXMSRTVSFIXIWXWLEZIFIIRYWIHEPSRK[MXLTYPWI ZIPSGMX]XIWXMRK(ITIRHMRKSRXLITVSFPIQWSQIIUYMTQIRX ERHTVSGIHYVIWQE]FIFIXXIVXLERSXLIVWMRHIXIVQMRMRKXLI WXVIRKXLSJXLIGSRGVIXIMRXLITERIP 'SVI XIWXW{-R XLI TEWX EGGITXERGI XIWXW JSV GSQTVIWWMZI WXVIRKXL LEZI FIIR PMQMXIH XS XEOMRK GSVIW 8IWXGSVIWWLSYPHEP[E]WFITVITEVIHGSRHMXMSRIH XIWXIH ERHVITSVXIHMREGGSVHERGI[MXLXLIVIUYMVIQIRXWSJ%781 ''18LIEZIVEKIWXVIRKXLSJXLVIIVITVIWIRXEXMZI cores should be at least 85 percent of the specified strength. 2SWMRKPIGSVIWLSYPHFIPIWWXLERTIVGIRXSJXLEXWTIGM fied. Core sample length-to-diameter ratio should be as close XS EW TSWWMFPI %R] GSVI WLS[MRK IZMHIRGI SJHEQEKI FIJSVIXIWXMRKWLSYPHRSXFIXIWXIHERHWLSYPHFIVITPEGIH [MXLERSXLIVGSVIWEQTPI 8LI IRKMRIIVEVGLMXIGX WLSYPH WIPIGX XLI PSGEXMSR JSV HVMPPMRK GSVIW [LIVI XLI] [MPP PIEWX MQTEMV XLI WXVYGXYVI strength and the exposed surface finish. Core holes can often FITEXGLIH[MXLSYXHEQEKIXSXLIETTIEVERGISVMRXIKVMX]SJ ETVIGEWXTERIP;LIRTVEGXMGEFPIGSVIWWLSYPHFIHVMPPIHWS XLEXXLIGSVIXIWXPSEHMWETTPMIHMRXLIWEQIHMVIGXMSREWXLI WIVZMGIPSEH3JXIRXSTHVMPPMRKSJGSVIWEQTPIWQMRMQMÎW SVIPMQMREXIWHEQEKIXSXLITERIPJEGI&IGEYWIQSWXEVGLM tectural precast panels are cast flat, top coring of the panel TVSHYGIW E VITVIWIRXEXMZI WEQTPISJ GSRGVIXI 'SVIW XEOIR TIVTIRHMGYPEV XS XLI TERIP JEGI QE] FI YT XS TIVGIRX [IEOIVXLERGSVIWXEOIRTEVEPPIPXSXLITERIPJEGI (VMPPGSVIW[MXLEHMEQSRHFMXXSEZSMHERMVVIKYPEVGVSWW WIGXMSR ERH HEQEKI JVSQ HVMPPMRK ;LIR E GSVI WEQTPI MW FVSOIR [SSHIR [IHKIW WLSYPH FI YWIH XS QMRMQMÎ XLI PMOIPMLSSHSJHEQEKI%PPS[ERI\XVEMR QQ SJGSVI PIRKXLEXXLIFVSOIRIRHXSTIVQMXWE[MRKSJJIRHWXSTPERI WYVJEGIWFIJSVIGETTMRK 6IFSYRHLEQQIV{6IFSYRHLEQQIVXIWXWWLSYPH RSXFIYWIHEWEGGITXERGIXIWXWJSVTVIGEWXTERIPWFYXXLI] EVIZEPYEFPIJSVUYEPMXEXMZIGSQTEVMWSRWEXXLITPERXJSVXLI WEQI NSF 8LI VIFSYRH LEQQIV XIWX GSRHYGXIH MR EGGSV HERGI[MXL%781''1GERFIYWIHXSPSGEXI EVIEWSJPS[IVWXVIRKXLGSRGVIXISVXSXVEGOHE]XSHE]ZEVME XMSRWMRXLIJEFVMGEXMSRGSRGVIXIWXVIRKXL 4YPPSYX XIWXW{8LI TYPPSYX XIWX EW HIWGVMFIH MR %781'TVSZMHIWEHMVIGXMRHMGEXMSRSJXLIXIRWMPI WXVIRKXLSJMRTPEGIGSRGVIXI8LMWXIWXMRZSPZIWHVMPPMRKMRXS LEVHIRIH GSRGVIXI ERH MRWXEPPMRK ER I\TERWMSR ERGLSV SV IQFIHHMRK ER ERGLSV HMWG HYVMRK GEWXMRK SJ XLI GSRGVIXI 8LII\TERWMSRERGLSVSVIQFIHHIHERGLSVHMWGMWTYPPIHSYX TIVTIRHMGYPEVXSXLIGSRGVIXIWYVJEGIFVMRKMRK[MXLMXEXVYR GEXIHGSRISJGSRGVIXI%VIPEXMSRWLMTFIX[IIRTYPPSYXJSVGI ERHGSQTVIWWMZIWXVIRKXLSJXLIGSRGVIXIGERFIHIZIPSTIH JSVETEVXMGYPEVTVSNIGXF]QIERWSJPEFSVEXSV]XIWXW+SSH data correlation between field and laboratory compression XIWXWMWVIUYMVIHJSVXLMWXIWXXSKMZIZEPMHVIWYPXW8LIWIXIWXW

EVI X]TMGEPP] HSRI SR XLI FEGO SJ XLI TVIGEWX TERIP [LIVI QMRMQYQVITEMVMWRIIHIH 4IRIXVEXMSR TVSFI{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ach probe leaves only a small hole that can be easily filled [MXLERITS\]TEXGLMRKGSQTSYRH 4YPWI ZIPSGMX]{8LI TVMRGMTPI SJ XLI YPXVEWSRMG XIWX %781 ' MW XLEX XLI ZIPSGMX] SJ PSRKMXYHMREP YPXVEWSRMGTYPWIWXVEZIPMRKMRWSPMHGSRGVIXIHITIRHWSRXLI HIRWMX] ERH XLI IPEWXMG TVSTIVXMIW SJ XLI GSRGVIXI8LIXIWX MWRSXEWYFWXMXYXIJSVSXLIVQIXLSHWSJIZEPYEXMRKGSQTVIW WMZIWXVIRKXLFYX MX MW E KSSH QIXLSH JSV HIXIGXMRK GVEGOW and cavities; for examining panel damage due to frost, fire, SV GLIQMGEP EXXEGO ERH JSV EWWIWWMRK XLI VIPEXMZI KIRIVEP UYEPMX] SJ GSRGVIXI 8LI XIWX VIUYMVIW EGGIWW XS FSXL WMHIW SJ XLI TERIP -XW YWI JSV ETTVS\MQEXMRK MRTPEGI GSRGVIXI WXVIRKXLF] RSRHIWXVYGXMZI QIERWMW PMQMXIHXS XLSWI GEWIW where concrete is sufficiently strong to allow pulse trans QMWWMSR EX ZIPSGMXMIW KVIEXIV XLER JXW OQW 'SVVIPEXMSRW LEZI FIIR IWXEFPMWLIH FIX[IIRTYPWI ZIPSGMX] ERH GSRGVIXI TVSTIVXMIW WYGL EW HIRWMX] WXEXMG QSHYPYW SJ IPEWXMGMX]ERHH]REQMGQSHYPYWSJIPEWXMGMX]8LIQIEWYVIH TYPWIZIPSGMX]MWEREZIVEKIZIPSGMX]MJXLIJEGMRKERHFEGOYT concrete are significantly different. {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precast panels with a specific mark number that can be tied to a certain mold or form on a specific date. ',%48)6{6)*)6)2')7 %QIVMGER'SRGVIXI-RWXMXYXI Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construc XMSRERH1EXIVMEPWERH'SQQIRXEV]


+9-()*3646)'%78'32'6)8);%004%2)07 %'-6

7XERHEVH4VEGXMGIJSV7IPIGXMRK4VSTSVXMSRWJSV 2SVQEP,IEZ][IMKLXERH1EWW'SRGVIXI 7XERHEVH4VEGXMGIJSV7IPIGXMRK4VSTSVXMSRWJSV7XVYG XYVEP0MKLX[IMKLX'SRGVIXI 6 +YMHIJSV7IPIGXMRK4VSTSVXMSRWJSV2S7PYQT 'SRGVIXI 6 'LIQMGEP%HQM\XYVIWJSV'SRGVIXI 6 4VSXIGXMSRSJ1IXEPWMR'SRGVIXI%KEMRWX'SVVSWMSR 6 'SRXVSPSJ'VEGOMRKMR'SRGVIXI7XVYGXYVIW 6 'EYWIW)ZEPYEXMSRERH6ITEMVSJ'VEGOWMR'SRGVIXI 7XVYGXYVIW Specifications for Structural Concrete 6 +YMHIJSV1IEWYVMRK1M\MRK8VERWTSVXMRKERH 4PEGMRK'SRGVIXI 6 +YMHIXS'YVMRK'SRGVIXI 6 +YMHIJSV'SRWSPMHEXMSRSJ'SRGVIXI 6 Identification and Control of Visible Effects of Consol MHEXMSRSR*SVQIH'SRGVIXI7YVJEGIW (IXEMPWERH(IXEMPMRKSJ'SRGVIXI6IMRJSVGIQIRX &YMPHMRK'SHI6IUYMVIQIRXWJSV7XVYGXYVEP'SRGVIXI ERH'SQQIRXEV] 6 6ITSVXSR*MFIV6IMRJSVGIH4SP]QIV *64 6IMRJSVGI QIRXJSV'SRGVIXI7XVYGXYVIW Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced 4SP]QIV&EV1EXIVMEPWJSV'SRGVIXI6IMRJSVGIQIRX Standard Specification for Bonding Hardened 'SRGVIXI7XIIP;SSH&VMGOERH3XLIV1EXIVMEPWXS ,EVHIRIH'SRGVIXI[MXLE1YPXM'SQTSRIRX)TS\] %HLIWMZI 6 'SRGVIXI6ITEMV+YMHI 6 8MPX9T'SRGVIXI'SRWXVYGXMSR+YMHI -8+ Specification for Tolerances for Precast Concrete %781-RXIVREXMSREP % Standard Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, 'SPH*MRMWLIH

%%1 Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on -VSRERH7XIIP,EVH[EVI %%1 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein JSVGIQIRX4PEMRJSV'SRGVIXI % Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and 7LETIW % Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and 7XYHW47-8IRWMPI7XVIRKXL % Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat 8VIEXIHOWM1MRMQYQ8IRWMPI7XVIRKXL %%1 Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated 7IZIR;MVIJSV4VIWXVIWWIH'SRGVIXI %%1 Standard Specification for Uncoated Stress-Relieved 7XIIP;MVIJSV4VIWXVIWWIH'SRGVIXI % Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, ,IEX8VIEXIHOWM1MRMQYQ8IRWMPI7XVIRKXL %%1 Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for 'SRGVIXI6IMRJSVGIQIRX %%1 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Rein JSVGIQIRX(IJSVQIHJSV'SRGVIXI %%1 Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain 'EVFSR7XIIP&EVWJSV'SRGVIXI6IMRJSVGIQIRX %%1 Standard Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed ERH4PEMR&EVWJSV'SRGVIXI6IMRJSVGIQIRX %%1 Standard Specification for Uncoated High-Strength 7XIIP&EVWJSV4VIWXVIWWMRK'SRGVIXI %%1 Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) 7XIIP&EVWJSV'SRGVIXI6IMRJSVGIQIRX %%1 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Rein JSVGMRK&EVW %%1 Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Wire ERH;IPHIH;MVI6IMRJSVGIQIRX %1 Standard Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel (IJSVQIH&EVWJSV'SRGVIXI6IMRJSVGIQIRX ''1 7XERHEVH4VEGXMGIJSV1EOMRKERH'YVMRK'SRGVIXI 8IWX7TIGMQIRWMRXLI*MIPH ''1 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates


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''1 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV3FXEMRMRKERH8IWXMRK (VMPPIH'SVIWERH7E[IH&IEQWSJ'SRGVIXI ''1 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete ''1 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV'SQTVIWWMZI7XVIRKXLSJ ,]HVEYPMG'IQIRX1SVXEVW 9WMRKMRSV?QQA 'YFI7TIGMQIRW ' 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV(IRWMX]6IPEXMZI(IRWMX] (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate ' 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV7MIZI%REP]WMWSJ*MRIERH 'SEVWI%KKVIKEXIW ''1 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV7PYQTSJ,]HVEYPMG'IQIRX 'SRGVIXI ''1 Standard Specification for Portland Cement ' 7XERHEVH4VEGXMGIJSV7EQTPMRK*VIWLP]1M\IH 'SRGVIXI ' 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV%MV'SRXIRXSJ,]HVEYPMG 'IQIRX1SVXEV ' 7XERHEVH4VEGXMGIJSV1EOMRKERH'YVMRK'SRGVIXI 8IWX7TIGMQIRWMRXLI0EFSVEXSV] ' 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV4SXIRXMEP%POEPM6IEGXMZMX] SJ'IQIRX%KKVIKEXI'SQFMREXMSRW 1SVXEV&EV 1IXLSH ''1 Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures JSV'SRGVIXI ' 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV4SXIRXMEP%POEPM7MPMGE6IEG XMZMX]SJ%KKVIKEXIW 'LIQMGEP1IXLSH ''1 Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for 7XVYGXYVEP'SRGVIXI ''1 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV8MQISJ7IXXMRKSJ'SRGVIXI 1M\XYVIWF]4IRIXVEXMSR6IWMWXERGI ''1 Standard Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete 8IWX']PMRHIVW:IVXMGEPP] ''1 Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for 'SRGVIXI ' 7XERHEVH8IWX1IXLSHJSV4YPWI:IPSGMX]8LVSYKL 'SRGVIXI ''1 7XERHEVH4VEGXMGIJSV'ETTMRK']PMRHVMGEP'SRGVIXI 7TIGMQIRW

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ACI Committee 533-ACI 533R-11_ Guide for Precast Concrete Wall Panels-American Concrete Institute (ACI) (2011).pdf

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