American Petroleum Institute 682 Standard 2nd Edition Introduction Pumps-Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps
EAA cust
API 2nd Edition – Description Written by select committee of: End users Pump manufacturers Seal manufacturers
John Crane API 682 Committee Members Gordon Buck Chris Fone
API 682 strives to promote: Best practices in selection and operation of mechanical seals Extend seal life to (3) years service minimum Built upon growing acceptance of API 682 1st Edition Technically equivalent to ISO Draft International Standard 21049
API 682 Publication Dates 1st Edition issued 1994 2nd Edition July 2002 ISO 21049 target date is now late 2003
API 682 Mission Statement
“This standard is designed to default to the equipment types most commonly supplied that have a high probability of meeting the objective of at least three years of uninterrupted service while complying with emissions regulations.”
API 682 Standard - Aims Maximum reliability and availability of equipment
Meet emissions legislation Lower costs - standardisation & reliability Improved safety - tested & proven sealing systems
Consistent seal application based on accumulation of best practices
Seal interchangeability
.
API 682 Summary Only three arrangements single dual unpressurised dual pressurised
Testing on five fluid groups, Propane, water, caustic, cold oil, hot oil
Specifies materials of construction Secondary containment on all single seals Forced circulation on dual seals Full interchangeability
Continued...
API 682 Summary Guidelines for seal and hardware design based upon user experience
Tested designs Qualification type testing Individual component & seal integrity testing
Defined guidelines for auxiliary equipment, pipework .
& instrumentation
API 682 Taskforce 1st Edition Taskforce was refineries only 2nd Edition Taskforce
new chairman (Joe Thorp) 3 members from 1st edition chemical plant representatives input from PIP committees European representatives
John Crane representatives Gordon Buck Chris Fone (ESA)
Development of Seal & Pump Standards API 676
API 610 Positive Displacement 7th Edition Pumps Pumps and Seals API 610
API 682
8th Edition Mainly Pumps
1st Edition Seals Only
API 682 API 610 9th Edition/ISO 13709 Only Pumps
2nd Edition Seals Only
ISO 21049 Seals Only
Development of Seal & Pump Standards ANSI Strategy is to drive US Standards into ISO
API 610 (7th) - issued 1989 API 610 (8th) - issued 1995 API 682 (1st) - issued 1994 API 610 (9th) combined with ISO 13709 - DIS vote 2001-4, issued 2003-1? API 682 (2nd) positive vote Sept 2001 - issued 2002-3 ISO 21049 - DIS vote 2002-2, issued 2003-3? API 682 (3rd) - issued 2003-3?
DIN24960
EN12756 L1k/L1n Seal dimensions
DIN24960 chambers ISO3069 S ASME B73 (Big Bore)
API610 8th
ISO3069 Chamber dims
DIN + 5mm Cartridge
API682 Table 1
ISO3069C
ISO3069H
API682 Cat 1
API 610 9th ISO13709
API682 Cat 2/3
What’s New in 2nd Edition Replaces the long-standing mechanical seals specification found in API 610 Pump Standard
Replaces and expands the scope of API 682 1st Edition: Adds new seal types Adds new piping plans Establishes (3) seal categories Adds seals for chemical plants (ANSI & ISO chemical duty pumps)
Adds qualification tests for new seal types Adds pass/fail criteria for qualification tests To be ISO Standard 21049
API 2nd Edition – Description
Specification now includes: Dry-running secondary containment seals Non-contacting wet seals Gas lubricated seals New piping arrangements for secondary containment and non-contacting seals
API 2nd Edition – Benefits Consistency of approach Proven practices Qualification tested International in scope Results Reliability Low leakage Long life Cost effective
API-682 1st Ed. Significance?
1st Edition released in 1994. Few US customers have specified seals as pure 682
1st Ed. compliant. API-682 1st Ed. sales growing slowly primarily through
international projects. Still generally limited understanding and use of the
specification. Market unwilling to accept cost impact associated
with technical requirements of the specification.
Why Expect 2nd Ed. Significance?
2nd Ed. is broad based in scope versus 1st Ed. which was a very narrow high end specification.
As a stand alone seal standard, 682 2nd Ed. is being coordinated with the elimination of seal specification criteria within API–610.
Much less restrictive, allowing consistency with current practices and ultimately less costly arrangement alternatives.
API 682 Specification
Strongly encourage your customers to buy an official copy of the specification or where appropriate offer a complimentary copy.
Pumps – Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20005 USA
Global Engineering Documents at (800) 854-7179 Product No. C682202
API 682 Product Line
EAA int
API 682 Seal Categories Category 1 Chemical & Petrochemical Industry Pumps. Heavy duty seals designed for ANSI and ISO enlarged bore seal chambers.
API 682 2nd Edition Category 2
Category 3
Oil & Gas Industry API Pumps.
Oil & Gas Industry API Pumps.
Handles services previously defined as API-610 Applications.
Premium seals meeting highest specification of API 682.
Same qualification tested components as Cat. III Seals.
Require full qualification test reports.
Standard Seal Types & Arrangements Seal Types Type A:
Rotating pusher seal using O-rings & multiple springs.
Type B:
Rotating metal bellows using O-rings.
Type C:
Stationary metal bellows using flexible graphite gaskets. Only applies to Cat. II & III for high temperature service.
Seal Arrangements Arrangement 1:
Single seal
Arrangement 2:
Unpressurised dual seal (Tandem)
Arrangement 3:
Pressurised dual (Double)
Category 1, 2, & 3 Operating Ranges 600
41 bar g
Cat. 2 & 3 Seals 34.5 bar g
500
psig
400
API 682 1st edition limits
20 bar g
300 200
Cat. 1 Seals
100 0 -100
0
100
200
300
400 °F
500
260°C
600
700
800
400°C
API 682 (2nd Edition) Seal Categories FEATURE
CATEGORY 1
CATEGORY 2
CATEGORY 3
Seal chamber size
ISO 3069, ASME B73.1 and ASME B73.2
ISO 13709 / API 610
ISO 13709 / API 610
Temperature range
Pressure range
–40 °C (–40 °F) to 260 °C –40 °C (–40 °F) to 400 °C –40 °C (–40 °F) to 400 °C (500 °F) (750 °F) (750 °F)
22 bar (315 psi).
42 bar (615 psi).
42 bar (615 psi).
API 682 (2nd Edition) Seal Categories FEATURE
CATEGORY 1
CATEGORY 2
CATEGORY 3
Face materials
Premium blister resistant carbon vs. self sintered silicon carbide
Premium blister resistant carbon vs. reaction bonded silicon carbide.
Premium blister resistant carbon vs. reaction bonded silicon carbide.
When required for vapor margin or when specified.
When required for vapor margin or when specified.
Required.
Distributed inlet flush requirements, Arrangements 1 and 2 with rotating flexible elements Gland plate metal to metal contact requirement
Required
Required inside and Required inside and outside of the bolt outside of the bolt circle diameter. circle diameter.
API 682 (2nd Edition) Seal Categories FEATURE
CATEGORY 1
CATEGORY 2
CATEGORY 3
Cartridge seal sleeve size increments required.
None
10 mm increments
10 mm increments
Throttle bushing design requirement for Arrangement 1 seals
Fixed carbon. Floating carbon option.
Fixed, non-sparking metal. Floating carbon option
Floating carbon
Dual seal circulation device head flow curve provided.
Not applicable
When specified
Required.
Scope of vendor qualification test
Test as Category 1 unless faces interchangeable with Category 3
Test as Category 2 unless faces interchangeable with Category 3
Test as Category 3, entire seal assembly as a unit
API 2nd Edition – Category 1 Description API version of our existing 5600 Adds secondary containment to the Type 5600 Product Definition A heavy duty “ANSI” seal that fits ISO seal chambers
Large bore seal chambers (ISO 3069-C, ANSI/ASME B73.1, B73.2) Temperatures from –40°F to +500°F (-40°C to 260°C) Pressures to 300 psig (20 bar g) Sizes to 4.5 (120 mm) Mean face velocities less than 25 m/s (5000 feet/min.)
API 2nd Edition – Category 1 Product Line Type A Arrangement 1
5610Q-1
Type C
5615Q-1
N/A
Contacting wet
N/A
Dual liquid buffer/barrier
Arrangement 2
5620P-1
5625P-1
Arrangement 2
5620D-1
Engineered ECS
Arrangement 3
5620P-1
5625P-1
Arrangement 3
2800
Description
Type B
2800MB
Carbon bushings standard on single seals Stationary inner seal option available
N/A N/A N/A
Contacting dry secondary containment Liquid barrier fluid face-to-back Gas barrier (0-300 psig)
API 2nd Edition – Category 2 Description Same as Category III but with “softer” seal design options Example: single-point flush with fixed bushing Includes dry-sliding secondary containment Includes non-contacting seals Slightly less expensive than Category III seals due to ‘lower’ options and
•
less documentation Arrangement 1 seal design options including various flush and bushing options, though JC has preferred standards
Product Definition Temperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C) Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g) Sizes 1.5” to 4.5” (30mm to 120mm)
API 2nd Edition – Category 2 Product Line Arrangement 1
Type A
Type B
Type C
1648-2
1670-2
1604-2
2670-2
2609-2
Description Contacting wet single RREL option
Arrangement 2
2648-2
Arrangement 2
2648-2C
2670-2C
2609-2C
Arrangement 2
2648-2N
2670-2N
2609-2N
Non-contacting secondary containment
3609-2
Liquid barrier fluid
Arrangement 3 Arrangement 3 Arrangement 3
3648-2 2800 2800HP
3670-2 2800MB N/A
Carbon bushing standard on single seals (JC EAA).
Liquid buffer Contacting dry secondary containment
N/A
Gas barrier (0-300 psig)
N/A
Gas barrier (300 – 600 psig)
API 2nd Edition – Category 3
Description • • • • •
Same as current API 682 1st edition seals
•
Sleeve hard coating optional, (standard on EAA designs)
Extensive documentation Includes dry-sliding secondary containment Includes non-contacting seals Arrangement 1 design includes distributed flush with carbon floating bushing standard
Product Definition • • •
Temperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C) Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g) Sizes to 1.5” to 4.5” / 30mm to 120mm
API 2nd Edition – Category 3 Product Line Type A
Type B
Type C
1648-3
1670-3
1604-3
Arrangement 2
2648-3
2670-3
2609-3
Arrangement 2 1
2648-3C
2670-3C
2609-3C
Arrangement 2
2648-3N
2670-3N
2609-3N
Non-contacting secondary containment
Arrangement 3
3648-3
3609-3
Liquid barrier fluid
Arrangement 1
Arrangement 3
2800
Arrangement 3
2800HP
3670-3
Description Contacting wet single RREL Option Liquid buffer Contacting dry secondary containment
2800MB
N/A
Gas barrier (0-300 psig)
N/A
N/A
Gas barrier (300 – 600 psig)
Cross Reference Chart 1st Edition seal type
2nd Edition seal type
1648
1648-2, 1648-3
1648O
RREL/R
1648RS
1648RS
2648
2648-2, 2648-3
3648
3648-2, 3648-3
1604
1604-2, 1604-3
2609
2609-2, 2609-3
3609
3609-2, 3609-3
1670
1670-2, 1670-3
API 682 Category 1
Specific to ANSI/ASME B73.1 & B73.2 and ISO 3069 Type C
Enlarged bore chemical process pumps
Qualification tested
Based from 5600 Universal Cartridge Series
Special features include: Cartridge design, with register fit gland Arrangements 1,2, and 3 Type A & B designs Common adaptive hardware between Type A & B versions Dry secondary containment option Available with both rotating or stationary inner seal
Category 1 Seal Types 5610Q-1
Registered fit with confined O-ring & metalto-metal contact with pump seal chamber.
Type A Arrangement 1
Fixed carbon bushing Stationary inner seal option
Category 1 Seal Types 5620P-1
Pumping ring
Type A Arrangement 2
Reverse pressure balanced Stationary inner seal option
Category 1 Seal Types 5620D-1
Secondary containment seal
Type A Arrangement 2
Self-sintered Silicon Carbide Stationary inner seal option
Category 1 Seal Types 5615Q-1
Alloy C-276 Sealol edge-welded metal bellows
Type B Arrangement 1
Fixed carbon bushing
Stationary inner seal option
Category 1 Seal Types 5625P-1
Dual seals have radial inlet and tangential outlet buffer/barrier fluid connections
Type B Arrangement 2
Self-sintered Silicon Carbide Stationary inner seal option
Pumping ring
API 2nd Edition – Category 2 Description Specific to API boxes Same as Category III but with “softer” seal design options Example: single-point flush and lower bushing requirements Includes dry-sliding secondary containment & non-contacting seals Includes seal types A, B & C, arrangements 1, 2 & 3 Slightly less expensive than Category III seals due to ‘lower’ options and
•
less documentation Arrangement 1 seal design options including various flush and bushing options, though JC has preferred standards
Product Definition Temperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C) Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g) Sizes 1.5” to 4.5” (30mm to 120mm)
Category 2 Seal Types 1648-2 Type A, Arrangement 1
Distributed flush
Pumping ring (API Plan 23)
Based on successful Type 48 design Standard bushing: Fixed Standard flush: Single point Optional bushing: Segmented or floating Optional flush: Distributed
Floating bushing
Segmented bushing (JC option) (sleeve hard coating optional)
Category 2 Seal Types 2648-2 Type A, Arrangement 2
Primary Face Carbon - standard Tungsten Carbide - optional
Hastelloy™ C Springs
API flush plan 52 Same as Cat. III
316 SS Metal Parts
Fluoroelastomer Secondary Seals
Reaction- bonded Silicon Carbide Hydraulically Retained Mating Ring
Category 2 Seal Types 3648-2 Type A, Arrangement 3
API flush plan 53 or 54 Same as Cat. III
Primary Face Carbon - standard Tungsten Carbide optional 316 SS Metal Parts Hastelloy™ C Springs
Double-balanced to withstand pressure reversal
Category 2 Seal Types 1670-2 Type B, Arrangement 1
Distributed flush
Pumping ring (API Plan 23)
Floating bushing
Segmented bushing (JC option)
Floating Bushing Shown
Sealol C-276 edge-welded metal bellows Standard bushing: Fixed Standard flush: Single point Optional bushing: Segmented or floating Optional flush: Distributed
(sleeve hard coating optional)
Category 2 Seal Types 2670-2 Type B, Arrangement 2 3670-2 Type B, Arrangement 3
2670 uses API flush plan 52 3670 uses API flush plan 53 or 54 Same as Cat. III
Axial flow (scroll) pumping ring
Category 2 Seal Types 1604-2 Type C, Arrangement 1 Inconel stationary bellows
Segmented bushing (sleeve hard coating optional)
Steam deflector Flexible graphite secondary seals
Floating bushing
Category 2 Seal Types 2609-2 Type C Arrangement 2 3609-2 Type C Arrangement 3
High temperature rotating Inconel bellows
2609 uses API flush plan 52 3609 uses API flush plan 53 or 54 Same as Cat. III
Axial flow (scroll) pumping ring & flow guide
Category 2 & 3 Secondary Containment Seals 2648-2C
Isolation Bushing
Type A Arrangement 2
Type 48SC
Category 2 & 3 Secondary Containment Seals 2670-2C Type B, Arrangement 2
Isolation Bushing
Low-temperature Type 670 seal head
ECS™ Low-Temperature
Category 2 & 3 Secondary Containment Seals 2609-2C, Type C, Arrangement 2
Isolation Bushing High-Temperature ECS™
High-temperature Type 609
Category 2 & 3 Non-contacting Secondary Containment Seals 2648-2N Type A, Arrangement 2
Isolation Bushing
28LD Type 48LP
API 2nd Edition – Category 3 Description Specific to API boxes Same as 1st edition but with additional seal design options Includes dry-sliding secondary containment Includes non-contacting seals Includes seal types A, B & C, arrangements 1, 2 & 3
Uses premium design options, distributed flush, floating bushes
•
Extensive documentation must be supplied
Product Definition Temperatures from –40°F to +750°F (-40°C to 400°C) Pressures to 600 psig (41 bar g) Sizes 1.5” to 4.5” (30mm to 120mm)
Category 3 Seal Types 1648-3 Type A, Arrangement 1
Distributed flush
Floating bushing
Provided with appropriate documentation in accordance with the API 682 Specification
Sleeve hard coating (optional)
Category 3 Seal Types 1648-3 Type A, Arrangement 1
316 SS Metal parts
Fluoroelastomer secondary seals
Hastelloy™ C Springs
Bushing retained by bolted follower plate
Distributed flush
Floating bushing as standard
Primary Face Carbon - standard Tungsten Carbide - optional
Reaction bonded Silicon Carbide Mating Ring
Sleeve hard coating (optional on API 682 seals)
Category 3 Seal Types 1670-3 Type B Arrangement 1
• Provided with appropriate documentation in accordance with the API 682 Specification • Distributed flush standard • Segmented bushing standard • Sleeve hard coating optional
Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contacting Gas-lubricated Seals 2800 Type A, Arrangement 3
Dual mating ring design meets API 682 design specifications
0 to 300 psig / 21 bar g
Patented spiral groove
Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contacting Gas-lubricated Seals 2800HP Type A, Arrangement 3
Dual mating ring design conforms to API 682 design requirements 300 psig / 21 bar g to 600 psig / 41 bar g
Category 1, 2, & 3 Non-contacting Gas-lubricated Seals 2800MB Type B, Arrangement 3
Patented spiral groove
Dual mating ring design conforms to API 682 design requirements 0 to 230 psig / 16 bar g
Sealol edge-welded metal bellows
API 682, 2nd Edition Design Requirements
API 682 Overview A summary of API 682 was presented previously Type A, B, C Arrangements 1, 2, 3 Categories 1, 2, 3
JC Products for API 682 were presented previously
Type 48 variations Type 670, 604, 609 variations Type 5600 variations Type 2800’s
This presentation is about design details
Design Requirements for All Categories All Types All Arrangements
General and Default Requirements Cartridge seals (6.1.1.1)
Studs are the default (6.1.2.12.2) Bolt Holes, not slots (6.1.2.8.1) Rigid Setting Clips
Register Fit. Concentric to shaft & 0.125 mm (.005”) TIR Maximum (6.1.2.8.2)
8 Set Screws (Maximum)
Bushing (single seals) (floating or fixed) O-Rings
One piece sleeve
General and Default Materials Silicon Carbide
316SS Gland Plate
“Premium Grade” Carbon
Setscrews harder than shaft
Hastelloy C Springs
Viton O-Rings
316SS Sleeve
Rotating / Stationary Requirements Type A & B default to rotating seals (6.1.1.2)
Type C defaults to stationary seal (6.1.1.3)
All stationary if speed >23 m/s (4,500 ft/min) (6.1.1.5)
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) Applies to “pressure casing” (6.1.1.6) Pressure casing includes
Gland Piping Reservoirs Heat exchangers
Does not apply to seal components Equal to pump MAWP (6.1.2.8) Glands shall have a corrosion allowance of 3 mm (1/8”)
Axial Movement Capable of handling axial movement (6.1.1.8)
Normal Transient Thermal growth Thrust positioning (vertical pumps) Where to get info? Not on datasheet Pump OEM
Sleeve Requirements Optional Coating
Locating shoulder 2.5 mm (0.100”) min
Relief See Table 3 2.5 to 5 mm (0.100 to 0.200”) O-ring on process end
Relief
Sleeve Requirements
One piece sleeve Must have a shoulder to locate rotating elements Minimum 2.5 mm (0.100”) thickness Thickness under set screws per Table 3 Shafts < 57 mm (2.25”) Æ 2.5 mm (0.100”) Shafts 57 to 80 mm (2.25 to 3.25”) Æ 3.8 mm (0.150”) Shafts > 80 mm (3.25”) Æ 5 mm (0.200”)
Setting plate that does not put load on seal faces during installation or removal of cartridge (6.1.1.4)
Sealing requirements for sleeves Normally uses O-rings to seal sleeve to shaft O-ring close to impeller end of sleeve
Can use flexible graphite on OB end of sleeve Captured between sleeve and shaft
Sleeve Clearance Intent is to minimise sleeve runout F7/h6 clearance per ISO 286-2 Minimum of 0.02 mm (0.0008”) for small shafts Maximum of 0.09 mm (0.0037”) for large shafts
Relieved along the bore with fits at or near each end Bore and OD concentric within 0.025 mm (0.001”) TIR
F7/h6 Fit
F7/h6 Fit
Set Screws for Drive Collar Maximum of eight (6.1.3.12) Harder than shaft (6.1.3.11) Spot drilling the shaft is acceptable but not recommended
Can use split ring instead of drive collar for thrust (6.1.3.13)
Set screws shall not pass through sleeve unless sleeve bore is relieved [to avoid damage during removal] (6.1.3.10)
Gland Plate Requirements Minimum radial clearance is 3 mm (1/8”) (6.1.2.6) except pumping rings can be 1.5 mm (1/16”) (8.6.2.3)
Glands machined from single piece wrought material or bar stock DO NOT require hydrostatic testing (10.3.2.1)
3.0
1.5
Gland Plate Requirements: Clearances Isolation bushing for containment seals (7.2.5.1.1; 7.2.6.1.1) has 1.5 mm (1/16”) radial clearance
Isolation Bushing
1.5 mm (1/16)
3 mm (1/8)
More Gland Plate Requirements Flush is not same size as quench, vent, drain
Connections plugged with solid plug (6.1.2.18)
(6.1.2.17)
Confined gaskets (6.2.1.2.2; 6.2.2.2.2)
Drill throughs at least 5 mm (3/16”) diameter (6.1.2.21)
3 mm (1/8”) Shoulder (6.1.2.8.3)
Gland Plate Connections
Mark with symbols from Table 1 (6.1.2.17) Locate per Table 1 Sizes per Table 1 Some flexibility within Table 1 Small pumps Limited space
Gland Plate Connections for Single Seals Table 1
Symbol Connection
Location
Size *
F
Flush
0
1/2
D
Drain
180
3/8
Q
Quench
90
3/8
FI
Flush In (Plan 23 only)
180
1/2
FO
Flush Out (Plan 23 only)
0
1/2 * All sizes are NPT taper thread connections
Location: Horizontal Pumps: 0 degrees = Top Dead Centre Vertical Pumps: “F” defines 0 degrees
Gland Plate Connections for Dual Seals Table 1
Symbol Connection LBI
Liquid Buffer/Barrier In
LBO
Location
Size
180
1/2
Liquid Buffer/Barrier Out
0
1/2
CSV
Containment Seal Vent
0
1/2
CSD
Containment Seal Drain
180
1/2
GBI
Gas Barrier In
0
1/4
GBO
Gas Barrier Out
180
1/2
* All sizes are NPT taper thread connections
Bushing Diametrical Clearances Fixed bushings (6.1.2.22) 0.635 mm (0.025”) max. up to 50 mm (2”) shaft size Add 0.127 mm (0.005”) for each additional 25 mm
Floating bushings (6.1.2.23, Table 2) Up to 50 mm (2”) Æ 0.18 mm (0.007”) clearance 51 to 80 mm (2 to 3”) Æ 0.225 mm (0.009”) 81 to 120 mm (3 to 4.75”) Æ 0.28 mm (0.011”)
Segmented bushings per JC standards
Pumping Rings Systems relying on thermosiphoning shall not be used (8.2.2)
Systems with pumping rings – inlet at bottom & outlet at top (8.2.3)
Pumping rings shall properly align with connections (8.6.2.4)
Radial clearance between pumping ring and stationary component shall be 1.5 mm (1/16”) or greater (8.6.2.3)
O-Ring Requirements Grooves sized for perfluoroelastomer (6.1.1.10) (use JC Standards for Kalrez, Isolast, etc.)
Surface finish (6.1.1.9) 1.6 µm (63 µin) Ra for static o-rings 0.8 µm (32 µin) Ra for dynamic o-rings
Runout and Tolerances Wording is different but intent the same “seals must be designed for ….”
Seal chamber face runout of 0.5 µm/mm (0.0005 in/inch) of bore (6.1.2.13)
Primary Rings Normally rotating Can be pusher or non-pusher Default is multiple spring (6.1.5.1) Can be single spring Can be bellows
No lapped joints (6.1.5.2)
Mating Rings
Normally stationary Not clamped-in (6.1.4.1) Anti-rotation pin is required (6.1.4.1) Mounting to enhance heat transfer (6.1.4.2) One mating ring for each primary ring (7.3.1.3) (no common mating rings without purchaser approval)
Material for Sleeve and Gland Plate Equal or better than pump case material 316SS minimum (6.1.6.3; 6.1.6.7)
Material for Springs Hastelloy C for (small) multiple springs (6.1.6.4) 316SS for single springs (6.1.6.4)
Material for Bellows Type B bellows is Hastelloy C (6.1.6.6) (Types 1670, 5615-1, etc.)
Type C bellows is Alloy 718 (6.1.6.6) (Type 1604, 2609, 3609 for hot services)
Material for Primary Rings Default is carbon “premium grade, blister-resistant” Must be tested in qualification tests
We use
Antimony filled for Type 48 family (8270) Resin filled for Type 670 family Resin filled for Type 609 family Resin filled for Type 5600 family
Optional Materials Resin filled for Type 48 family (if acids or caustic) Antimony filled for 5610/5620 is optional and tested Default for hard faces is SiC vs SiC (WC optional)
Material for Mating Rings Defaults to SiC Category 1 uses sintered SiC Is usually for chemical duty seals
Category 2 and 3 use reaction bonded SiC Is usually for refinery seals
Material for O-Rings
Default is Viton (6.1.6.5.1) Perfluoroelastomer is optional (6.1.6.5.2) Flexible graphite is used for Type C bellows seal Temperature limits are (Annex C.3)
Viton (hydrocarbon)
-7 to 175 C (20 to 350 F)
Viton (water)
-7 to 120 C (20 to 250 F)
Perfluoroelastomer
-7 to 290 C (20 to 550 F)
Nitrile
-40 to 120 C (-40 to 250 F)
Flexible graphite
-240 to 480 C (-400 to 900 F)
Design Requirements for Category 1 Seals
Materials for Primary Rings (Category 1) Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2) We use resin filled carbon for Type 5600 family
Alternative for 5610 & 5620 on flashing hydrocarbon services is Antimony filled carbon
Material for Mating Rings (Category 1) Default is self-sintered silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3) Because of chemical resistance
Customer can specify the use of reaction bonded silicon carbide
Gland Plate (Category 1) Default is single point injection Distributed flush is optional (6.2.1.2.1; 6.1.2.14) 6.1.2.14 states “Seal chamber pressure shall not be less than a 30% margin to maximum VP or a 20 C (36 F) product temperature margin at maximum process temperature” Remember Register fit Bolt holes, not slots Confined gasket with metal-to-metal contact [gland to pump] (6.2.1.2.2)
Design Requirements for Category 2 Seals
Materials for Primary Rings (Category 2) Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2) We use Antimony filled carbon for Type x648 family Resin filled carbon for Type 48’s when sealing acids & caustics
Resin filled carbon for Type x670 family Resin filled carbon for Type x609 family
Material for Mating Rings (Category 2) Default is reaction bonded silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3) Preferred by many refineries Better toughness than self sintered SiC
Gland Plate (Category 2) Default is single point injection Distributed flush is optional (6.2.2.2.1; 6.1.2.14)
Design Requirements for Category 3 Seals
Category 3 Seals Same as API 682, 1st Edition
Materials for Primary Rings (Category 3) Carbon is the default material (6.1.6.2.2) We use antimony filled carbon for Type x648 family Resin filled carbon for Type 48’s when sealing acids & caustics
Resin filled carbon for Type x670 family Resin filled carbon for Type x609 family
Material for Mating Rings (Category 3) Default is reaction bonded silicon carbide (6.1.6.2.3) Preferred by many refineries Better toughness than self sintered SiC
Gland Plate (Category 3) Default is distributed flush for single, rotating seals (6.2.3.2.1)
Design Requirements for Arrangement 1 Seals
Throttle Bushings (Arrangement 1) Throttle bushing required (7.1.2.1) Category 1 uses fixed, carbon bushing Category 2 uses fixed, non-sparking metal bushing
Category 3 uses floating, carbon bushing Category 1 & 2 can be specified [by customer] to be a floating bushing (7.1.2.2)
Design Requirements for Arrangement 2 Seals
General Requirements for Arrangement 2 Seals Inner (process) seal rated for 2.75 bar (40 psi) reverse (ID to OD) pressure (7.2.1.1)
Outer seal can be a contacting liquid seal or a contacting or non-contacting containment seal
The inboard seal can incorporate an auxiliary sleeve under the seal utilising a locating step and dog point set screws and not violate the one piece sleeve requirement (7.2.2.1)
Throttle Bushings (Arrangement 2) Throttle bushing not required Fixed throttle bushing optional (7.2.3.1) Default for optional bushing is carbon (7.2.3.1)
Design Requirements for Arrangement 3 Seals
General Requirements for Arrangement 3 Seals Inner seal must have full reverse pressure rating (7.3.1.2)
Cartridge shall utilise two primary rings and two mating rings (7.3.1.3)
Contacting Wet Seals Standard configuration is Face-to-Back Optional configurations are Face-to-Face or Back-to-Back
Gas Barrier Seals Standard configuration is Back-to-Back Optional configurations are Face-to-Face or Face-to-Back
Throttle Bushings (Arrangement 3) Throttle bushing not required Fixed throttle bushing optional (7.3.3.1) Default for optional bushing is carbon (7.3.3.1)
Design Requirements for Containment Seals
Containment Seal Specifics
Containment seals are Arrangement 2 Can be contacting or non-contacting Buffer gas (purge) is optional Uses Plan 7x series flush plans Isolation bushing between containment seal and vent/drain port (7.2.5.1.1; 7.2.6.1.1))
API 682, 2nd Edition Testing Requirements
Testing Requirements Testing Type testing Qualification
Fluids Sizes Steady state /Cyclic Seal types Seal arrangements
Individual seal testing Component integrity
Seal integrity
Hydrostatic testing - Seal chambers - Gland plates - Reservoirs - Heat exchangers
Air test - Single - Dual (each chamber)
OEM
Pump performance test
Pump Performance Test Logic
Seal Operated (Standard)
Modified Seal
(Standard)
(Optional)
Seal Not Operated (Optional)
Perform Pump Performance Test with Modified Seal Faces
Perform Pump Performance Test with Shop Seal
Pump Performance Test IF
Job Seal
If Leak Replace Modified Seal Faces with Job Seal Faces
OK Ship Pump with Job Seal
Install Job Seal and air pressure test
Repair, retest with air IF
If Leak
If Leak
OK
Repair
IF
Air Pressure Test
OK
Ship Pump with Job Seal
IF OK
Standard
Option
If Leak IF
If Leak
OK (OR)
Ship Pump with Job Seal Installed
Ship Pump with Job Seal Separate
Ship Pump with Job Seal Installed
Repair
Typical Integrity Test Rig
Technology Testing Center
Test Cell Specifications
Most fluids (except extreme explosives) Pressures to 103.5 barg (1500 psig) Temperatures to >316ºC (>600°F) Sizes to 150 mm (6”) (speed dependent for larger sizes)
Speeds to 4500 rpm Computerised controls and data acquisition
View Inside a Test Cell
TTC Operations Area
Qualification Test Summary Dynamic 3600 rpm Base point pressure and temperature Steady state for 100 hours minimum
Static 4 hours minimum
Cyclic 5 simulated upset cycles Pressure, temperature swings Start/stop Loss of flush Approx 8 hours
Final Static Test
Wet Seals Qualification Test
Gas Barrier Cyclic Test
9
9 "
9
9
9
9
9
Containment Seals Test
9
9
9
999 999
9 9
9
Typical TTC Testing Arrangement
Inboard (Rig) Side – Single Seal
Outboard Side – Single or Dual Seal
Results of Qualification Tests
2” Type 1648LP Test Results Dynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test Results Dynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test Results Dynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test Results Dynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test Results Dynamic (Steady State) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test Results Cyclic (Simulated Upset) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test Results Cyclic (Simulated Upset) Test
2” Type 1648LP Test Results Cyclic (Simulated Upset) Test
Qualification Test Summary
Certification of Test AP I 682 T est C e rtificate S eal T ested:
John C ran e S e alol 160 4
A P I T yp e:
T yp e C - A rran gem e nt I
A P I C od e:
C / 1 1 - 62 / S / 20 0
Fac e M aterials :
C arb on vs S ilico n C arbide
T est Fluid:
N on-Fla shin g H yd roca rb on
B ase P ress ure:
100 psig (7 b ar g)
B ase T em p eratu re:
500 °F (260 °C )
S pee d:
360 0 rpm
T his is to certify th a t th e seal n oted a b ove h a s b e en te sted in accord an ce w ith A P I 68 2 re q uire m en ts.
D avid Casucci _ __ __ _ ___ __ __ __ ___ _ __ ___ _ ___ __ _ ___ _ D a vid C a succi – E ngine erin g M a na ger - S ealo l B ello ws P rod u cts
API 2nd Edition – Testing •2nd Edition Testing Completed : •Type 5610-1 in Propane •Type 5620P-1 in Propane (Arrangement 2) •Type 48LP/S48SC •Type 2800 & Type 2800HP •Type 48LP/ECS
•Containment Seals to be Tested: • Type S28LD -- SBOP – Type 5620D-1
API 682, 2nd Edition Seal Codes
EAA cust
Annex J: Codes
Informative Four segment code Different from 1st Edition Different from API 610 Different from “Seal Configurations” Example 2CW-CS (Arrangement 2 with Contacting Wet Inboard Seal with a Containment Seal)
API 682 (2nd Edition) Annex J (Seal Codes)
New coding structure
First letter = Category second letter = Arrangement Third letter = Seal Type Fourth letter(s) = Flush arrangement
Example is C3A2C1152 is Category 3 Type C seal in an arrangement 2 using Plans 11 and 52
Annex J: Codes
Informative Four segment code Different from 1st Edition Different from API 610
C1 A1 A 11
Annex J: Codes
Informative Four segment code Different from 1st Edition Different from API 610
flush
arrangement
C1 A1 A 11 category
type
API 682 (2nd Edition) Arrangement 1, Single Seals One seal per cartridge assembly 1CW-FX Contacting single wet seal with a fixed throttle bushing 1CW-FL Contacting single wet seal with a floating throttle bushing
API 682 (2nd Edition) Arrangement 2, Dual Non-pressurized Two seals per cartridge assembly with a containment seal chamber which is at a pressure less than the seal chamber pressure
2CW-CW Dual contacting wet seals with a liquid buffer fluid 2CW-CS Contacting wet inner seal with a dry-running containment seal 2NC-CS Non-contacting inner seal with a dry-running containment seal
API 682 (2nd Edition) Arrangement 3, Dual Pressurized Two seals per cartridge assembly that utilizes an externally supplied barrier fluid
3CW-FB Dual contacting wet, face-to-back 3CW-BB Dual contacting wet, back-to-back 3CW-FF Dual contacting wet, face-to-face 3NC-BB 3NC-FF 3NC-FB
Dual non-contacting, back-to-back Dual non-contacting, face-to-face Dual non-contacting, face-to-back
API 682 (2nd Edition) - Summary of Seal Arrangements
API 682 Second Edition Piping Plans
29
API 682 Second Edition
Changes to Existing Plans
3
Heat exchangers (8.5.3) 0.50” x 0.065” wall tubing for shaft sizes 60 mm (2.5”) and smaller (8.5.3.1.5) 0.75” x 0.095” wall tubing for shaft sizes larger than 60 mm (2.5”) (8.5.3.1.5)
4
Barrier/ buffer fluid reservoirs (8.5.4) 12 litre (3 gal) capacity for shaft sizes 60 mm (2.5”) and smaller (8.5.4.3.1) 20 litre (5 gal) capacity for shaft sizes larger than 60 mm (2.5”) (8.5.4.3.1)
5
12 litre reservoir design DN 150 (NPS 6) sch. 40 pipe (8.5.4.4.3 a)
316L construction (8.5.4.4.6) 12 mm (0.50” NPT) seal connections (8.5.4.4.8 a) Seamless tubing is the default Sch. 80 pipe is optional 12 mm x 1.6 (0.50” x 0.065) wall, 316SS cooling
coil (8.5.4.5.3) 6
12 Litre Reservoir
7
20 litre reservoir design DN 200 (NPS 8) sch. 40 pipe (8.5.4.4.3 b) 316L construction (8.5.4.4.6) 18 mm (0.75”) seal connections (8.5.4.4.8 b) Seamless tubing is the default Sch. 80 pipe is optional
12 mm x 1.6 (0.50” x 0.065) wall, 316SS cooling coil (8.5.4.5.3) 8
20 Litre Reservoir
9
Barrier/ buffer fluid reservoirs (8.5.4) Pressure gauge and switch required (8.5.4.2.7) Low level switch required (8.5.4.2.8) High level switch optional (8.5.4.2.8) Hermetically sealed switches not required (9.1)
10
API 682 Second Edition
New Piping Plans
11
New Piping Plans Plan 53’s - Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals 53a – traditional configuration 53b – bladder accumulator 53c – piston pot/ accumulator
Plan 72 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS) Plan 74 – Arrangement 3, Non-Contacting (NC) Seals Plan 75 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS) Plan 76 – Arrangement 2 w/ Containment Seal (CS)
12
Plan 53a
(A.4.12)
Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals Utilises direct nitrogen blanket for pressure Limits the maximum pressure due to nitrogen entrainment in the barrier liquid
13
Plan 53b
(A.4.12)
Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals Utilizes bladder accumulator for pressure
14
Plan 53b
(A.4.12)
Bladder eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquid
Allows for higher pressure applications
Configuration Includes:
Accumulator Pressure Indicator Pressure Switch Heat Exchanger
15
Plan 53b
(A.4.12)
16
Plan 53c
(A.4.12)
Arrangement 3, Contacting Wet (CW) Seals Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals Utilises piston pot for pressure
17
Plan 53c
(A.4.12) Piston pot eliminates nitrogen contact with barrier liquid
Allows for higher pressure applications Piston provides constant pressure ratio to seals (1.1:1)
Configuration includes:
Piston pot Pressure indicator Pressure switch Heat exchanger Level switch
18
Plan 53c
(A.4.12)
19
Plan 72
(A.4.16)
Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals Dry-running secondary
Low pressure nitrogen sweep Sweeps primary leakage to collection system Dilutes primary leakage to lower emission levels
Used in conjunction with Plan 75 or 76
20
Plan 72
(A.4.16)
21
Plan 74
(A.4.17)
Arrangement 3, Non-contacting Seals (NC) Dual Pressurised (Double) Seals Nitrogen barrier 1.75 - 2 bar (25-30 psi) above seal chamber pressure
Zero emissions
Essentially a T2800 panel
22
Plan 74
(A.4.17)
23
Plan 75
(A.4.18)
Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals Dry-running secondary
Condensate collection reservoir (8.6.5.2) Used when primary seal leakage may condense
May be used in conjunction with Plan 72
24
Plan 75
(A.4.18)
25
Plan 75
(A.4.18)
26
Plan 76
(A.4.19)
Arrangement 2, w/ Containment Seal (CS) Dual Un-Pressurised (Tandem) Seals Dry-running secondary
Primary leakage routed to flare or vent Used when primary seal leakage will not condense Essentially a 48SC panel
May be used in conjunction with Plan 72
27
Plan 76
(A.4.19)
28
API 682 2nd Edition Questions and Answers
EAA cust
What is API 682?
Seal standard issued by: American Petroleum Institute Scope includes: Seals for centrifugal and rotary pumps API 610 API 670
1st edition 1994 2nd edition May, 2002
How do 2nd Edition & 1st Edition differ?
Categories Category1 is for chemical duty Category 2 is for refinery duty Old “682 Light” Traditional “API 610” seals
Category 3 is same as 1st edition API 682
Gas barrier seals Containment seals
Who wrote API 682?
An industry Task Force comprising of: End Users Chemical plants Refineries
Pump OEM Seal OEM
API Committees
Who must use API 682?
No one is required to use API 682 but many industries adopt the standard in full or as part of their operating specification in an editit format (Shell PI for instance)
Refineries will be the biggest users Chemical plants are now covered in the standard
When does API 682 Take Effect?
After publication (July, 2002) Or when invoked by the customer or contractor
What are the advantages of using API 682?
Consistency of approach to seal selection and application
Qualification testing Air integrity test prior to shipment Provides high degree of probability in providing (3) years of uninterrupted service while complying with emission regulations
What are the disadvantages of using API 682?
“Heavy Duty” Cost: Some features specified may result in a higher expense to the purchaser than seals and systems previously used.
Require more radial and axial space
Paper work
Is API 682 a metric standard?
Yes though imperial is the default units Imperial units are typical in USA
Can the purchaser modify or make additions to API 682?
Yes Strong set of defaults in API 682 Allows for user choices Users will write their own exceptions and clarifications to API 682
How are Materials Specified?
Specified through detailed coding Default materials are completely specified Limited optional materials available that comply Materials have not changed from 1st edition, but codes used will not match old API 610 material codes
Are there substitutes for face materials?
No, must be a tested material Rules for “tested material” relaxed somewhat John Crane will have additional tested materials, ie, materials that have been tested and meet the test requirements of API, even though they may not be defined options in the standard
What Testing is Required? Qualification Specific liquids Nominal 2” and 4” seals Publication of results, with pass or fail criteria
Hydrotest Glands not required to be hydrotested unless cast (previously all glands needed testing)
Integrity (air test) on assembly 25 psig
Must a seal be tested on all fluids? Seals should be tested on the fluids they are expected to work on
5 test fluids
Water Propane Caustic Hot Oil Cold oil
Qualification testing on representative fluid
How do we retrofit seals into older pumps?
It is expected that there will sometimes dimensional problems, due to ‘minimum’ specification: 1/8” (3.175mm) minimum sleeve thickness 1/8” (3.175mm) general radial clearances 1/16” (1.587mm) radial clearance for pumping rings
Old pumps, or equipment with minimum space may have to take design exceptions
What is the equivalent code for BSTFL?
There is no exact equivalent in 682 New set of codes for API 682 2nd edition 2nd edition codes not same as 1st edition 682 codes not same as 610 codes
If customer references an old 610 code Probably wants a Category II seal as this is the closest definition of a historical 610 seal There is no direct cross reference possible
How are ANSI / ISO (DIN) Pumps catered for?
Category I seals are designed for ANSI / ISO (DIN) large bore
Special features include Register fit Throttle bushing Drilled bolt holes in gland
Does API 682 include Rotary Pumps?
Yes but: Seal chamber specified for rotary pumps / PD pumps do not match those in API682 (API676)
Can a customer purchase dry gas seals per API 682?
Yes, where it is a dry gas seal for pumps not compressors, it falls into the following categories: Gas barrier seals Containment seals New piping plans cover these arrangements 71, 72, 75, 76 for containment seals 74 for gas barrier seals
What arrangement are dry running containment seals and dry gas seals?
Gas barrier seals are Arrangement 3 Containment seals are Arrangement 2
Must barrier pressure for dual pressurized seals be constantly controlled versus seal chamber pressure?
Barrier pressure does not have to track process pressure
Plan 53C is an option that tracks process pressure
What reference is there in API 610 for Seals?
Whilst API 610, 8th Ed. edition did include limited seal information, 9th Ed. will not have seal specs; instead refers to API 682
If API 610 is referenced, you must now assume 9th Ed. unless otherwise another edition is specified
Must Data Sheets be Completed?
Too comply with the requirements of 2nd Ed Yes seal data sheets must be filled out
2nd Edition uses a two page datasheet 1st Edition was five pages
But smaller print in 2nd Edition
Data sheet is initiated by purchaser, not JC, and is different between category 1 & 2, and category 3
Who Completes the Data Sheet?
Data sheet is initiated by purchaser O Seal vendor info added to info by purchaser Some items by either vendor or purchaser Defaults marked with shading The seal vendor cannot begin with a blank data sheet! John Crane CSelect682 will complete the application part of the data sheet automatically, and will allow you to complete the rest electronically.
What is an Engineered Seal? Seal Types are really just A, B, C Part of “Totally Engineered Sealing System” Outside the scope of API 682 Temperature, pressure, speed, fluids, etc. Optional testing per Clause 10.3.1.1.2
Design features Conceivably anything Probably based on API 682
API 682 2nd Edition
CSelect 682 Seal selection software for API 682 Applications
17
Annex A: Selection Informative Summaries of Categories 1, 2, 3 Arrangements 1, 2, 3 Seal types A, B, C
Seal selection Tutorial Tables Logic diagrams
Piping Plans Tutorial Logic diagrams 2
Seal Selection Procedure
Select category (1, 2, 3) Select fluid group Type A, B, C Arrangement 1, 2, 3 Piping plan
3
Select Arrangement
Expanded from 1st Edition An interview based on Leakage Safety
Start
Yes
Is product hazardous
Do project/national/local standards
by regulation
permit a restricted vapor leakage
or other local criteria?
No
under all operating conditions?
No
Does product have high
Yes
Yes
H2S content by national/local criteria? Will a single seal with special
No
features mitigate the hazard, emission, or other difficulties? Is product under No
Yes
regulated emission rate for hydrocarbons?
Is pumping No
temperature
No
<260°C (500°F)?
Arrangement 1
Yes
Yes
Go to Sheets 7, 8, or 9
Is pumping
No
temperature <150°C (300°F)? Arrangement 3 Yes
Go to Sheets Yes
Is pumped
7, 8, or 9
fluid dirty?
No
Arrangement 2 Go to Sheets 7, 8, or 9
4
CSelect682
John Crane computer program Can be given to customers Should be used internally for defining preferences
Available April, 2003
5
Opening Screen Change language Set program for SI or Imperial units Help
6
Start a New Project
Project item
Project name
7
Select an Existing Project Add new items Modify selections
8
Existing Selection Routine
View or Modify
9
Select a Seal - Fluid Properties
Selection data summarised at bottom of screen 10
Selection in Progress
11
Selection Complete
Preferred selection highlighted Option to select alternative seal
12
Flush Plans and Materials
Selections can be changed or locked where no change allowed
13
Seal and Piping Plan
14
Create Report
15
View Data Sheet
16
Product Literature
Available to view or download from Internet
17
