ashrae 55

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard Standard 55-2010 55-2010

Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 21, 2012; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on January 25, 2012; and by the American National Standards Institute on January 26, 2012. This addendum was approved by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. www.ashrae.org/permissi ons. © 2012 ASHRAE

ISSN 1041-2336

© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 55 Cognizant TC: 2.1, Physiology and Human Environment SPLS Liaison: Steven F. Bruning Gwelen Paliaga, Chair Paliaga, Chair *

Richard de Dear

John L. Stoops, Vice Stoops, Vice Chair * Sahar Abbaszadeh Fard, Secretary Fard, Secretary *

Josh Eddy

Abhijeet Pande*

Thomas B. Hartman*

Julian Rimmer*

Peter F. Alspach*

Daniel Int-Hout, III*

Edward A. Arens*

Michael A. Humphreys

Richard M. Aynsley*

Michael P. O’Rourke*

Stefano Schiavon Lawrence J. Schoen*

Essam Eldin Khalil*

Robert Bean*

Peter Simmonds*

Brian M. Lynch*

Stephen C. Turner*

* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2011–2012 Carol E. Marriott, Chair Marriott, Chair

Krishnan Gowri

Janice C. Peterson

Maureen Grasso

Douglas T. Reindl

Cecily M. Grzywacz

Boggarm S. Setty

Karim Amrane

Richard L. Hall

James R. Tauby

Charles S. Barnaby

Rita M. Harrold

James K. Vallort

Hoy R. Bohanon, Jr.

Adam W. Hinge

William F. Walter

Kenneth W. Cooper, Vice-Chair Cooper, Vice-Chair Douglass S. Abramson

Steven F. Bruning

Debra H. Kennoy

David R. Conover

Jay A. Kohler

Craig P. Wray

Steven J. Emmerich

Frank Myers

Eckhard A. Groll, BOD ExO

Allan B. Fraser

Michael W. Woodford

Ross D. Montgomery, CO Montgomery, CO Stephanie C. Reiniche, Manager Reiniche, Manager of Standards

SPECIAL NOTE This American National National Standard Standard (ANS) is a national national voluntary voluntary consensus consensus standard standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. ASHRAE. Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review. ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for: a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard, b. participation in the next review of the Standard, c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, or d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.

DISCLAIMER ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustrypractice acceptedindustrypractices. s. However, However, ASHRAE ASHRAE doesnot guarantee guarantee,, certify,or certify,or assure assure the safety safety or performan performance ce of anyproducts,compone anyproducts,components, nts, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes,by purposes,by suggestingsafe suggestingsafe practicesin practicesin designing designing and installingequipmen installingequipment, t, by providingproper providingproper definition definitions s of thisequipment, thisequipment, and by providing providing other other inform informati ation on that that mayserveto guide guide theindustry theindustry.. The creati creation on of ASHRA ASHRAE E Standa Standardsand rdsand Guidel Guideline ines s is determ determine ined d by the nee need d forthem, and conformance to them is completely voluntary. In referring referring to this Standard Standard or Guideline Guideline and in marking marking of equipment equipment and in advertisi advertising, ng, no claim shall be made, either either state stated d or implied, implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.


(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for for conf confor orma manc ncee to the the stan standa dard rd.. It has has not not been been proces processed sed accord according ing to the ANSI ANSI req requir uireme ements nts for a standa standard rd and may contai contain n materi material al that that has not bee been n subj subjec ectt to publ public ic revi review ew or a cons consen ensu suss proc proces ess. s. Unreso Unresolve lved d object objectors ors on inform informati ative ve materi material al are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.) FOREWORD

This addendum removes informative language related to the use of Section 5.3 for occupant-controlled naturally conditioned spaces (sometimes called the adaptive comfort method) from the body of the standard and moves it to an informativ informativee appendix. It also states the requirements more clearly in normative language. In some cases, paragraph numbering has been added or modified for greater clarity. Note: In this this addend addendum, um, change changess to the curren currentt standa standard rd are indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) and strikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifically mention some other means of indicating the changes. Addendum d to 55-2010

[Modify Section 3 Definitions as follows.] follows. ] 3.

DEFIN DE FINIT ITION IONS S

local thermal discomfort : the discom discomfor fortt caused caused by a vertic vertical al airtemperat airtemperaturediffe uredifferen rence ce betwe between en thefeet and thehead,by an asymmetric radiant field, by local convective cooling (draft), or by contact with a hot or cold floor. naturally naturally conditioned conditioned spaces, spaces, occupant occupant controlled: controlled: those spaces spaces where where the therma thermall condit condition ionss of the space space are regula regulated ted primarily by the opening and closing of windows by the occu pantsoccupant-controlled pantsoccupant-controlled openings in the envelope. occupant controlled openings: Openin Openings gs such such as window windowss or vents that are directly controlled by the occupants of a space. Such openings may be manually manually controlled controlled or controlle controlled d through the use of electrical or mechanical actuators under direct occupant control.

[Modify Section 4.5 of published Addendum b to Standard 552010. Addendum b is available for free download from the ASHRAE ASHRAE website website at http://www http://www.ashra .ashrae.org/ e.org/standar standardsdsresearch--technology/standards-addenda.] 4.5 The thermal thermal environmen environmental tal conditions conditions required required for comfort are determined according to Section 5 of this standard.Section 5.2 in its entirety or Section 5.3 in its entirety shall shall be identi identifie fied d as the approa approach ch used used in determ determini ining ng accept accept-able thermal environmental conditions.

[Modify Section 5.1 of published Addendum b to Standard 552010. Addendum b is available for free download from the ASHRAE ASHRAE website website at http://www http://www.ashra .ashrae.org/ e.org/standar standardsdsresearch--technology/standards-addenda.]

ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum d to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2010

5.1 Gen Genera erall Requir Requireme ements nts.. Sectio Section n 5 of this this standa standard rd shall shall be used to determine the acceptable thermal environmental condition conditionss for each representa representative tive occupant of a space. space. The percentage of occupants of the space who are predicted to find it acceptable shall be specified. The following following shall shall be addressed addressed when defining defining conditions for acceptable thermal comfort.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Metabo Metaboli licc rate rate Clothing Clothing insulati insulation on Air Air temper temperatu ature re Radiant Radiant temperat temperature ure Air Air spee speed d Humi Humidi dity ty

This standard requires these factors to be determined in a steady state. Note: It is possible for all six of these factors to vary with time. Sectio Section n 5.2in itsentiret itsentirety y or Sectio Section n 5.3in its its entire entirety ty shall shall be identified as the approach used in determining acceptable thermal thermal environmen environmental tal conditions conditions.. Section Section 5.2 shallbe permitpermitted to be used in any space and Section 5.3 shall be permitted to be used used only only in those those spacesthat spacesthat meet meet theapplicab theapplicabili ility ty critecriteria in Section 5.3.1. Complete te descri descripti ptions ons of the six factor factorss are Note: Comple presented in Section 5.4 and Normative Appendices A and B. The first two two are characte characteris ristic ticss of the occupa occupant nt and the remaining four are conditions of the thermal environment. [Modify [Modify Section 5.3 of published Addendum Addendum c to Standard 552010. Addendum c is available for free download from the ASHRAE ASHRAE website website at http://www http://www.ashra .ashrae.org/ e.org/standa standardsrdsresearch--technology/standards-addenda.] 5.3 Optional Optional Method Method for for Determinin Determining g Acceptabl Acceptablee TherThermal Conditions in Occupant-Controlled Naturally Conditioned Spaces. For the purposes of this standard, occupantcontrolled controlled naturally naturally conditione conditioned d spaces spaces are those spaces where the thermal conditions of the space are regulated primarily by the occupants through opening and closing of windows. Field experiments have shown that occupants’ thermal responses in such spaces depend in part on the outdoor climate and may differ differ from therm thermal al responses responses in buildings buildings with centralized HVAC systems primarily because of the different thermal experiences, changes in clothing, availability of control, trol, and shifts shifts in occupa occupant nt expect expectati ations ons.. This This option optional al method is intended for such spaces. 5.3.1 5.3.1 Applica Applicabili bility. ty. This This method method define definess accept acceptabl ablee therthermal environmen environments ts only for occupantoccupant-contr controlle olled d naturally naturally conditioned spaces that meet all of the following criteria: 5.3.1.1 In order for this optional optional method method to apply, apply, the space in question question must be equipped equipped with operable operable windows that open to the outdoors and can be readily opened and adjusted by the occupants of the space. There ismust be no mechanical cooling system for the space (e.g., refrigerated air conditioning, radiant cooling, or desiccant cooling) installed. It is permissible to use mechanical ventilation with unconditioned air, but opening and closing of windows must be the

1


primary means of regulating the thermal conditions in the space. It is permissible for the space to be provided with a heating system, but this optional method does not apply when the No heating system is in operation.

when a higher standard of thermal comfort is desired. Figure 5.3 is based on an adaptive model of thermal comfort that is derive derived d from from a global global databa database se of 21,000 21,000 measur measureme ements nts taken taken primarily in office buildings.

5.3.1.2 It applies applies only to spaces where the oOccupan oOccupants ts are engaged in near-sedentary physical activities, with meta bolic rates ranging from 1.0 to 1.3 met. See Normative Appendix A for estimation of metabolic rates.

5.3.2.2 It shall be permitted permitted to use the following following The equations, which corresponding to the acceptable operative temperature ranges in Figure 5.3 are:

5.3.1.3 This This option optional al method method applies applies only only to spaces spaces where the oOccupants are free to adapt their clothing to the indoor and/or outdoor thermal conditions within a range at least as wide as 0.5–1.0 clo. See Normative Appendix B for estimation of clothing insulation.

Upper 80% acceptability limit (°C) = 0.31 ( prevailing ( prevailing mean outdoor air temperature) temperature) t pm a ( ou t ) + 21.3 Upper 80% acceptability limit (°F) = 0.31 ( prevailing ( prevailing mean outdoor air temperature) temperature) t pm a ( ou t ) + 60.5

5.3.1.4 The prevailing prevailing mean outdoor outdoor temperature temperature is greater than 10°C (50°F) and less than 33.5°C (92.3°F), 5.3.2 5.3.2

Method Methodolo ology gy

5.3.2.1 For spaces that meet these criteria, criteria, determin determinee theThe theThe allowabl allowablee indoor indoor operative operative temperat temperatures ures shall be determined from Figure 5.3 using the 80% acceptability limits. Note: the 90% acceptability limits are included for informati mation on only only (see (see Info Inform rmat ativ ivee Appe Append ndix ix X for for furt furthe her r guidance). for any day in question using the prevailing mean determine ined d in accord accordanc ancee with with all of outdoor air temperature determ the following: 5.3.2.1 It shall be based on no fewer fewer than 7 and and no more than 30 sequential days prior to the day in question. 5.3.2.2 It shall be a simple arithmetic arithmetic mean of all of the mean daily outdoor air temperatures of all the sequential days in 5.3.2.1. Exception to 5.3.2.2: Weighting methods are permitted permitted provided that the weighting curve continually decreases toward towardss the more distan distantt days days such such that that the weight weight applied to a day is between 0.6 and 0.9 of that applied to the subsequent day. For this option the upper limit on the number of days in the sequence does not apply. 5.3.2.3 Mean daily outdoor air temperature for each of the sequential days in 5.3.2.1 shall be the simple arithmetic mean mean of all the outdoo outdoorr dry-bu dry-bulb lb temper temperatu ature re observ observati ations ons for the 24 hour day. The quantity of measurements shall be no less than two and in that case shall be the minimum and maximum for the day. When using three or more measurements, the time periods shall be evenly spaced. 5.3.2.4 Observati Observations ons in 5.3.2 shall be from the nearest nearest approved meteorological station, public or private, or TMY (Typical Meteorological Year) weather file. Exception to 5.3.2.1, 5.3.2.2, 5.3.2.3: When weather data to calculate the prevailing mean outdoor air temperature are not available, it is permitted to use as the prevailin vailing g mean mean the publis published hed meteor meteorolo ologic gical al monthl monthly y means for each calendar month. It is permitted to inter polate between monthly means. 5.3.3 This figure includes includes two sets of operative temperature ture limits limits—on —onee for 80% accept acceptabi abilit lity y and one for 90% acceptability. The 80% acceptability limits are for typical applications and shall be used when other information is not available. It is acceptable to use the 90% acceptability limits

2

Upper 90% acceptability limit (°C) = 0.31 ( prevailing ( prevailing mean outdoor air temperature) temperature) + 20.3 Upper 90% acceptability limit (°F) = 0.31 ( prevailing ( prevailing mean outdoor air temperature) temperature) + 58.7 Lower 80% acceptability limit (°C) = 0.31 ( prevailing ( prevailing mean outdoor air temperature) temperature) t pm a ( ou t ) + 14.3 Lower 80% acceptability limit (°F) = 0.31 ( prevailing ( prevailing mean outdoor air temperature) temperature) t pm a ( ou t ) + 47.9 Lower 90% acceptability limit (°C) = 0.31 ( prevailing ( prevailing mean outdoor air temperature) temperature) + 15.3 Lower 90% acceptability limit (°F) = 0.31 ( prevailing ( prevailing mean outdoor air temperature) temperature) + 49.7 5.3.4 The allowable allowable operative operative temperatu temperature re limits limits in Figure Figure 5.3 may not be extrapolated to outdoor temperatures above and and belo below w the the end end poin points ts of the the curv curves es inthisfigur inthisfigure. e. Ifthe preIfthe prevailing vailing mean outdoor outdoor air temperatu temperature re is less less than than 10°C 10°C (50°F (50°F)) or greater than 33.5°C (92.3°F), this option may not be used, and no specific guidance for naturally conditioned spaces is included in this standard. Figure Figure 5.3 accounts accounts for localthermaldiscomfort localthermaldiscomfort effects effects in typica typicall buildi buildings ngs,, so it is not necess necessary ary to addres addresss these these factor factorss when using this option. If there is reason to believe that local thermal comfort is a problem, it is acceptable to apply the criteria in Section 5.2.4. Figure 5.3 also accounts for people’s clothing adaptation in naturally naturally conditioned conditioned spaces spaces by relating relating the acceptabl acceptablee range range of indoortempe indoortemperat rature uress to theoutdoor theoutdoor climat climate, e, so it is not necessary to estimate the clothing values for the space. No humidity or air-speed limits are required when this option is used. 5.3.2.3 The following following effects are already accounted for in Figure 5.3; therefore, it is not required that they be separately rately evaluated evaluated:: local thermal discomfor discomfort, t, clothing clothing level, level, metabolic rate, humidity, and air speed. 5.3.2.4 If t t 0 > 25°C (77°F), then it shall be permitted to increase Figure 5.3 includes the effects of people’s indoor air speed adaptation in warm climates, up to 0.3 m/s (59 fpm) in operative operative temperatu temperatures res warmer warmer than 25°C (77°F). (77°F). In naturally naturally condit condition ioned ed spaces spaces where where air speeds speeds withi within n the occupi occupied ed zone zone exceed 0.3 m/s (59 fpm), the upper acceptability temperature limits in Figure 5.3 are increased by the corresponding ∆t 0 in Tabl Tablee 5.3, 5.3, whic which h is base based d on equa equall SET SET valu values es as illu illust stra rate ted d in Section 5.2.3.2. For example, increasing air speed within the



Figure 5.3 Acceptable operative temperature ranges ranges for naturally naturally conditioned spaces (80% bounds are normative, 90% bounds are informative).

occupied zone from 0.3 m/s (59 fpm) to 0.6 m/s (118 fpm) increases the upper acceptable temperature limits in Figure 5.3 by a ∆t 0 of 1.2°C (2.2°F). These adjustments to the upper acceptabil acceptability ity temperat temperature ure limits limits apply only at t 0 >25°C (77°F) (77°F)

TABLE TABLE 5.3 5.3 Incre Increase ases s in Accep Acceptab table le Opera Operati tive ve Temper Temperatu ature re Limit Limits s (∆t 0) in Natural Naturally ly Conditi Conditioned oned Spaces Spaces the Adaptiv Adaptive e Comfort Comfort Stand Standard ard (Figu (Figure re 5.3 5.3)) Resul Resulti ting ng from from Incr Increa easi sing ng Air Air Spee Speed d abov above e 0. 0.3 3 m/s m/s (59 (59 fpm) fpm) Air Speed, 0.6 m/s (118 fpm)

Air Speed, 0.9 m/s (177 fpm)

Air Speed, 1.2 m/s (236 fpm)

1.2°C (2.2 2.2°F)

1.8°C (3.2 3.2°F)

2.2°C (4.0°F)

in which which the occupa occupants nts are engage engaged d in near near sedent sedentary ary physic physical al activity (with metabolic rates between 1.0 met and 1.3 met). [Add the following new Informative Appendix.] (This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for for conf confor orma manc ncee to the the stan standa dard rd.. It has has not not been been proces processed sed accord according ing to the ANSI ANSI req requir uireme ements nts for a standa standard rd and may contai contain n materi material al that that has not bee been n subj subjec ectt to publ public ic revi review ew or a cons consen ensu suss proc proces ess. s. Unreso Unresolve lved d object objectors ors on inform informati ative ve materi material al are not offered offered a right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

INFORMATIVE APPENDIX X— OCCUPANT-CONTROLLED NATURALLY CONDITIONED SPACES For the purposes of this standard, occupant-controlled naturally conditioned spaces are those spaces where the ther-


mal conditions of the space are regulated primarily by the occupants through opening and closing of openings in the envelope. envelope. Field Field experiment experimentss have shown shown that occupants occupants’’ thermal responses in such spaces depend in part on the outdoor climate and may differ from thermal responses in buildings with centralized centralized HVAC systems systems primaril primarily y because because of the differentthermalexperie differentthermalexperiences,changesin nces,changesin clothing,availabi clothing,availability lity of control, and shifts in occupant expectations. This optional method is intended for such spaces. In order for this optional method to apply, the space in question must be equipped with operable openings to the outdoors and can be readily opened and adjusted by the occu pants of the space. It is permi permissi ssible ble to use mechan mechanica icall ventil ventilati ation on with with unconditioned air, but opening and closing of windows must be the primary means of regulating the thermal conditions in the space. It is permissible for the space to be provided with a heating or cooling system, but this optional method does not apply when the heating or cooling system is in operation. It applies only to spaces where the occupants are engaged in near-sedentary physical activities, with metabolic rates ranging from 1.0 to 1.3 met. See Normative Appendix A for estimation of metabolic rates. This optional method applies only to spaces where the occupants are free to adapt their clothing to the indoor and/or outdoor thermal conditions. The permittedrangeof accept acceptabl ablee clothi clothing ng must must be at least least as broad broad as 0.5 to 1.0 clo. Table X1 shows example clothing ensembles that achieve 0.5 clo or lower. For spaces that meet these criteria, it is acceptable to determine the allowable indoor operative temperatures from Figure 5.3. This figure includes two sets of operative temperature limits—one for 80% acceptability and one for 90% acceptability. The 80% acceptability limits are for typical applications. It is acceptable to use the 90% acceptability limits when a higher standard of thermal comfort is desired.

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TABL TABLE E X1 Garment Description

Exampl Exa mple e Cloth Clothing ing Ensemb Ensembles les I clu(clo)

Sample Woman’s Ensemble

I clu(clo)

Sample Man’s Ensemble

Bra

0.01

Men’s briefs

0.04

Panties

0.03

Shoes

0.02

Pantyhose/stockings

0.02

Ca C alf-length socks

0.03

Shoes

0.02

Short-sleeve dress shirt

0.19

Short-sleeve dress shirt

0.19

Straight trousers (thin)

0.15

Skirt (knee length thin)

0.14

Net, metal or wooden sided arm chair

0.00

Net, metal or wooden sided arm chair

0.00

Total

0.43

Total

0.41

Figure 5.3 is based on an adaptive model of thermal comfort that that is derive derived d from from a globaldatab globaldatabaseof aseof 21,000 21,000 measur measureme ements nts taken primarily in office buildings. The allowable operative temperature limits in Figure 5.3 may not be extrapolat extrapolated ed to outdoor outdoor temperat temperatures ures above and below the end points of the curves in this figure. If the prevailing mean outdoor temperature is less than 10°C (50°F) or greate greaterr than than 33.5°C 33.5°C (92.3° (92.3°F), F), this this option option may not be used, used, and no specific guidance for such conditions is included in this standard. Figure Figure 5.3 accounts accounts for local local thermal thermal discomfor discomfortt effects effects in typica typicall buildi buildings ngs,, so it is not necess necessary ary to addres addresss these these factor factorss when using this option. If there is reason to believe that local thermal comfort is a problem, it is acceptable to apply the criteria in Section 5.2.4. Figure 5.3 also accounts for people’s clothing adaptation in naturally naturally conditioned conditioned spaces spaces by relating relating the acceptabl acceptablee range range of indoor indoor temper temperatu aturesto resto theoutdoor theoutdoor climat climate, e, so it is not

4

Garment Description

necessary to estimate the clothing values for the space. No humidity or air-speed limits are required when this option is used. Figure 5.3 includes the effects of people’s indoor air speed adaptation in warm climates, up to 0.3 m/s (59 fpm) in operative operative temperatu temperatures res warmer warmer than 25°C (77°F). (77°F). In naturally naturally condit condition ioned ed spaces spaces where where air speeds speeds withi within n the occupi occupied ed zone zone exceed 0.3 m/s (59 fpm), the upper acceptability temperature limits in Figure 5.3 are increased by the corresponding ∆t 0 in Tabl Tablee 5.3, 5.3, whic which h is base based d on equa equall SET SET valu values es as illu illust stra rate ted d in Section 5.2.3.2. For example, increasing air speed within the occupied zone from 0.3 m/s (59 fpm) to 0.6 m/s (118 fpm) increasesthe increasesthe upper acceptabl acceptablee temperatu temperature re limits limits in Figure Figure 5.3 by a ∆t 0 of 1.2°C (2.2°F). These adjustments to the upper acceptabi acceptability lity temperat temperature ure limits limits apply only at t 0 > 25°C 25°C (77°F (77°F)) in which which the occupa occupants nts are engage engaged d in near near sedent sedentary ary physic physical al activity (with metabolic rates between 1.0 met and 1.3 met).



POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’s members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems and components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with accepted standards and the practical state of the art. ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and other responsible bodies. As an ong ongoin oing g goa goal, l, ASHRAE ASHRAE will, will, throug through h its Stand Standard ards s Commit Committee tee and extens extensive ive techni technical cal commit committee tee struct structure ure,, continue continue to generate generate up-to-date up-to-date standards standards and guidelines guidelines where appropriate appropriate and adopt adopt,, recommend, recommend, and promote promote those new and revised standards developed by other responsible organizations. Through its Handbook , appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material is systematically revised. ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will seek out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards and guidelines. The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system’s intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered. ASHRAE ASHRAE’s ’s primar primary y concer concern n for enviro environme nmenta ntall impact impact will will be at the site site where where equ equipm ipment ent within within ASHRA ASHRAE’s E’s scope scope operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by its members.

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