pro
BEAM DETAILING
This chapter provides a step-by-step tutorial for the design, detailing, estimate and bar bending of beams in one floor of a multi-storied building
1.1 Description of the problem 1.2 Steps involved in Staad 1.3 Steps involved in aadspro 1.4 Bar Bending Sequencing 1.5 Results
pro
1.1 Description of the problem The structure for this problem is a double storied building; in which the first floor beam is to be designed (fig .1.1.1). A Staad file BEAM ex ists for this problem.
Fig.1.1.1
pro
1.2 Steps involved in Staad Use staad file in two ways for designing beams, a) Using Staad model (.std) & Staad outputs (.anl) b) Using Staad database (.mdb) a) Staad model & Staad output file •
In STAAD, open the file BEAM.
•
Enter TRACK and DESIGN BEAM commands for the selected beams to create an .Anl file. From this, the programme takes the mid span momen t. from Mode in main menu.
•
Go to Post Processing Mode
•
Select the beams to be designed, in a floor.
(Note: If pile or footing or column is required, select the corresponding in the Staad file.) •
Select Set Current Input Units
from Tools in main menu (fig.1.2.1) Change units to
Meter-Metric Tonne.Default in Staad is Millimeter-Newton.
Fig.1.2.1 •
Select Report from main menu and Beam End Forces from the drop down menu.
•
In Report, Enter Title, Save report and Enter Id say BEAM (fig. 1.2.2)
pro
Fig. 1.2.2 •
Select File from main menu and Report Setup from the drop down menu.
•
Select Id i.e. BEAM from the available items (fig .1.2.3)
Fig .1.2.3 •
Select File from main menu and Export report from the drop down menu.
•
Select Text File, Enter filename say OUTPUT and Save.(fig.1.2.4)
pro
Fig .1.2.4
b) Creating Staad Database •
In STAAD, open the file BEAM.
•
Select Tools>Advanced Query for Staad.pro2004 & lower (fig.1.2.5) or Select Tools>SQL Query>Advanced Query for Staad.pro2006 & higher (fig.1.2.6).
pro
Fig .1.2.5
Fig .1.2.6
pro
1.3 Steps involved in aads pro
Open aads pro. (AutoCAD will be opened automatically when we open aads pro) Select Beam from main menu and Beam Design from drop down menu. It consists of two plates Beam Section Design plate and Design plate. 1) In Beam Section Design plate (fig .1.3.1), •
Input the dimensions of the section. Width 220 mm, Depth 400 mm and clear cover 30 mm, either by typing new values in the boxes provided or by clicking on the up and down buttons near the boxes
•
Provisions are given for selecting characteristic values of concrete and steel, i.e. f ck = 25 Mpa and f y = 415 Mpa.
•
Enter the diameter of stirrups say 8 mm dia.
•
Effective depth of the section is automatically calculated in the plate.
Fig .1.3.1
pro
2) In Design plate, a) In TABLE plate(fig 1.3.2)
•
Mark ‘Reallocate’ for showing reinforcement in different layers.
•
Mark ‘Bar Continue’ for top and bottom bars to be taken through out its length.
•
Mark ‘Bar Numbers’ if bar bending schedule is required.
•
Mark ‘Bar nos (section)’ if bar number is required in section.
•
Mark ‘Fins (Sn)’ for all floor beams except for plinth. This shows slab along with beam in the cross section. Mark ‘Left Support’ and ‘Right Support’ for showing slab as a continuous one in the cross section.
•
Mark ‘IS 13920’- for seismic detailing in beams
•
Mark ‘Left slab’ and ‘Right slab’ to indicate level of beam.
can
also be entered. •
Mark ‘Left/Right jog’ as per requirement.
•
‘Single BBS’ provides the same Bar numbers if repeated an ywhere in drawing.
•
‘Full Stirrups’ draws full stirrups for all the beams in the drawing. scale in which the beam section is to be drawn. (fig 19.2-Scale
•
1:50) moment at the face of column or moment at node can be
•
selected. •
Ld – development length- is calculated by the programme.
•
L Sup width – Left support width is automatically taken by the programme.
•
The start bar mark number and the section num for BBS can be specified in this plate.
•
•
gives the user an option for scaling the drawing. gives the number of spans in each case. Programme automatically fill this.
•
top bar length coefficient.
pro
•
Mark of reinforcement as phi, #. (Eg: 1-#16). Unmarking this shows the specification in Tor .i.e. T.(Eg: 1-T16)
•
•
to select from L bars or U bars at the supports. to save beams along with printing. moment redistribution at support.
•
Shear correction factor.
•
•
for showing column as continuous one in the detail.
Fig .1.3.2
b) In MST plate (fig .1.3.3)
pro
•
If different depths are required, mark Change depth and enter a starting depth = 400mm. Enter the ‘increment’=100mm, so that if ideal steel % increases the entered value, 1%, depth is incremented by 100 mm.
•
If constant depth is required, unmark Change depth, enter a constant depth (eg: 400).
•
Mark Reinft. Choice and enter required bar diameter for top and bottom main bars through out the beam (eg: 2-16mm top &bottom).
Fig .1.3.3
3) In Beams from main menu
pro
Select Beam Detailing (fig 1.3.4). This is to import the input data, forces and design loads from the Staad file. •
It consists of seven plates, viz. inputs, forces, design load, Col Details, Reports Continue and Envelope Data.
3.1) Importing Staad model file and staad outputs
a) In Inputs plate•
•
•
Select Input Type as ‘Staad file’. Select ‘Beam’ Select
for importing floor details of beams from Staad to import the inputs from staad file. Select the staad file
BEAM. (Fig .1.3.6).
Fig .1.3.6 •
All the staad inputs will be automatically transferred to the aads pro which
includes member incidences, joint coordinates and member property/Beta angle etc (fig .1.3.7).
pro
Fig .1.3.7
b) In Design Load plateSelect
to import the inputs from Staad file. Select the Staad Anl file,
BEAM (fig .1.3.8).
Fig .1.3.8
pro
•
All the Staad design loads will be automatically transferred to the aads pro which includes Beam No. corresponding Moment, shear, length etc.(fig .1.3.9)
Fig .1.3.9
c) In Forces plate-
•
.Select
to import the forces from Staad files which are saved to text
file OUTPUT.txt. Select the file OUTPUT.txt.(Fig .1.3.10).This process takes a little bit of your time as a lot of data is to be transferred.
pro
Fig .1.3.10 •
All the Staad outputs will be automatically transferred to the aadspro which includes span, load condition. node, Axial force in Ton(Axi),Shear force in Y and Z direction(SY and S-Z) in Ton, Torsion(T) in kNm, Moment in Y and Z direction(M-Y and M-Z) in kNm.(fig.1.3.11)
•
‘Col Details’ are also automatically filled up.
pro
Fig .1.3.11 •
Enter
d) In Continue plate (fig .1.3.13)
to go to the next step.
pro
Fig .1.3.13 •
Enter
to sort continuous beam in an order separated by lines.
e) In Reports plate (fig .1.3.14)
pro
Fig .1.3.14 •
Enter Full to get all selected beam design in a stretch .Break to get a single beam design at a pick and next beam section is obtained only by specifying next position.
•
If a single beam detail is to be obtained in MSTplate, select the beam in table (in column BmNa) and enter
•
Enter
. for the aads pro to connect to AutoCAD to draw the full
results. transfers the above table to Excel.
•
•
•
‘exit’ helps to exit halfway during the AutoCAD printing process. Enter joggling in required direction, say X
3.2) Importing Staad Database
a) In Inputs plate-
pro
•
Select input Type as ‘Staad Database’.
•
Select ‘Beam’
•
Select
for importing floor details of beams from Staad. to import the inputs from staad file and a ‘Staad db Convertor’
plate will be opened (fig .1.3.15).
. Fig (1.3.15) •
Select
•
Select
if staad.pro version is above 2004. to open the database file. Select the database ‘BEAM’ (fig .1.3.16).
Fig (1.3.16)
pro
•
Select the ‘Y value’ corresponds to the floor to be designed in the‘Staad db Convertor’plate (fig .1.3.17)
Fig (1.3.17) •
Enter
for loading data for beams.
b) In Report plate-(fig .1.3.18)
Fig (1.3.18)
pro
•
Enter Full to get all selected beam design in a stretch .Break to get a single beam design at a pick and next beam section is obtained only by specifying next position.
•
If a single beam detail is to be obtained in MSTplate, select the beam in table (in column BmNa) and enter
•
Enter
. for the aads pro to connect to AutoCAD to draw the full
results. transfers the above table to Excel.
•
•
•
‘exit’ helps to exit halfway during the AutoCAD printing process. Enter joggling in required direction, say X
3.3) Single beam detail
To view the individual process, select a single beam. It is explained with an example below. For e.g. Select B1 and enter
from ‘Report’ plate. In MST we get the
details of the beam selected. (fig .1.3.19)
Fig .1.3.19 •
clears the grid.
pro
•
•
An option is also provided here for importing from Excel. computes the reinforcement in ‘Table’ plate. (Fig .1.3.20)
Fig .1.3.20 •
draws the selected beam in AutoCAD.
The various columns in the table above (fig.1.3.20) are explained in the fig below. (Fig .1.3.21). To understand more clearly, compare with Fig 1.6.1.
Fig 1.3.21
pro
1.4 Bar Bending Sequencing ‘Bar Bending Sequencing’ helps to minimize the wastage of reinforcement at site, while cutting. It aims at maximum utilization of a full length bar. User gets the combinations for cutting the reinforcement form the programme. In BBS plate,
Fig 1.4.1 •
‘BBS’ gives the bar bending schedule for the problem.(Fig 1.4.1) (Note: If Tot: Bars/Len (Bar) mm column is blank, enter
•
.)
Here, •
MemID =
•
Brmk = Bark mark given in Result (178,174 etc as shown in fig 1.5.1)
•
T = Type of steel.
•
Size = Bar dia size
•
Mem No = No of repetitions of the member.
•
Bar No/Mem = No of bars of same length and dia.
•
Total Bars = Mem No x Bar No/ Mem
pro
•
•
Len(Bar)mm = Length of bar in mm
•
ShpCode = Shape code (Each shape is represented by a number .fig .1.4.2)
•
A, B etc = Representations in shape code.
‘Save Excel’
option saves the schedule to Excel.
SHAPE CODES
Fig .1.4.2
in BBS plate, leads to the ‘Bar bending Sequencing’ plate(fig.1.4.3),
•
•
Here data is automatically imported from BBS to ‘Import BBS’ plate (fig .1.4.3). Data can also be imported from Excel by
. In ‘Import BBS’ plate enters
, to
load the values to ‘Result BBS’ plate. On successful entry, we get a confirmation message.
pro
Fig. 1.4.3 •
In ‘Result BBS’ plate (Fig 1.4.4), select the required bar size say 16mm. Details of 16 mm bars will be transferred to right side table in ‘Result BBS’ plate (fig.1.4.5).
•
In ‘Result BBS’ plate, Bar length represents length of a bar i.e.12000 (in mm) (Fig .1.4.4).
Fig .1.4.4 •
Margin represents the limit for wastage. Program automatically takes the minimum length of bar used in BBS for this. User can enter a different value, if required.
pro
Fig .1.4.5
- starts the process.
•
- pause the program at present stage. Later process can be resumed by start
•
icon. •
•
•
- exports the result to Excel. - ends the process.
After searching for all combinations, with wastage for individual bar less than the given margin, the process stops and the result can be transferred to Excel.
Fig .1.4.6
pro
Total length = 840000.00 = 70 x 12000, gives the total length of 12 m bars.70 is the number of bars used (Marked in Fig 1.4.7)
Total wastage = Wastage for 840000 mm =sum of wastage of individual bars.
Fig .1.4.7 •
In the above table, first few columns gives different length combination used for the cutting a 12m bar with minimum wastage.(fig .1.4.7)
•
The last two columns represents sum of the lengths in the previous columns and the corresponding wastage in each bar.
•
•
•
The remaining bars are shown in the right side table now (fig.1.4.7). Now, enter a higher value for Margin. Enter
.Again the process repeats for the remaining data. And, the result displayed will
be for this data.
•
When all the above data is completely processed, the right side table will be empty (fig .1.4.8).
pro
•
For each process, Excel sheets can be created and later added for total steel for the project and total wastage.
Fig.1.4.8 Note:
An important point to note is that every grid, in the tables in aads pro, can be modified. But, sometimes the modification will be accepted only by entering the text and moving with arrow keys in keyboard. Mouse click restores the original value. Right clicking on the tables in the programme gives the option for saving the data into an excel file. Similarly data can also be an excel file by this option.
1.5 Results In AutoCAD, •
Pick a point as per the AutoCAD Command.
•
Beam layout (fig.1.5.4) & detailed design of the beam (fig 1.5.1, fig 1.5.2, and fig 1.5.3) is obtained.
•
Here 2-#16-178 means 2 number 16 mm dia bar and 178 represents bar no for BBS.
•
4-#8-151-230 means 4numbers of 8 mm stirrups @ 230 mm spacing and 151 represents bar number for BBS.
pro
•
In sectional details, the numbers (160,161etc.) represent bar numbers corresponding to BBS.
Fig .1.5.2
Fig .1.5.3
pro
Fig .1.5.4
