Bhel Haridwar- Training report - 800 MW bar CIM block 4 (EEE)

Q_C@E@EB _N[D_Q DE

ID@L CEA CEA @EY^LCQ @EY^LCQ@DE @DE JCE^FCIQ^_@EB (I@J) 7;;JR OC_Y (Q^_OD BNEN_CQD_)

Yuoj`ttna Qd= Qd= -

Oy= -

Jr. C.H Ag`jc (Jcc!nr) (#$J% O&d"'-) O*N+% *cr`a,cr

Cj`t Hujcr O.Qn"g N&n"tr`"c&  N&n"trd`" N!`nnr`! Y_J ^`nr`ty *crycc

/

C#HED;+NABNJNEQ

$t ` c&,c c&,cy y c 3&nc 3&ncu urn rn td rnj` rnj`a a tgn tgn ?`n ?`n 3nd3 3nd3&n &n ` tgn tgn n!` n!`n nnr nr` `! !  3rd!rcj ?dr tgn`r `"nrn !u`ac"n td u3gd&a jy 3rc"t`"c& c ,n&& c tgndrnt`"c& '`&& ` n!`nnr`!. 9`rt&y% $ ,du&a tgc' Ar. $.H. Ygcrjc (Anc% Y_J ^`nr`ty)  1`da H. >un6c (Q2D% Y_J ^`nr`ty) ?dr jnt`"u&du&y 3&c`! c"canj`" "urr`"u&uj ` u"g c ,cy tgct tuant crn dt c"canj`"c&&y dua out c&d  3rc"t`"c&&y oy oy `"&ua`! u"g `autr`c& `autr`c& trc``! trc``! 3cttnr. $ n73rn jy `"nrn tgc' ca !rct`tuan td O*N+ cutgdr`t`n ?dr c&&d,`! jn td uanr!d tgn trc``! ` tg` 3rnt`!`du dr!c`0ct`d. Y3n"`c& tgc' Jr. C.H Ag`jc (JB_% O&d"'- O*N+% *cr`a,cr) c&&d,`! jy trc``! uanr g` co&n !u`ac"n ca ?dr g` u33drt`n cturn.   $ ,`&& c&,cy rnjc` `anotna td tgnj ?dr tgn`r "dtct `tnrnt ca n7"n&&nt !u`ac"n ` jy trc``! ,dr'% jdrndnr ?dr 3rd`a`! jn ,`tg c d33drtu`ty td ,dr' ca !c` n73nr`n"n. Ct &ct out dt &nct $ ,du&a tgc' td c&& tgn ,n&& n73nr`n"na ,dr'nr ` tgn o&d"'% ,gd "dtct&y 3rd`ana jn rnu`rna 'd,&na!n ct a`??nrnt tc!n.

Cj`t Hujcr O.Qn"g (NNN) Y_J ^`nr`ty *crycc

8

#DEQNEQY #*C2QN_ / <  O*N+ /./ $trdau"t`d /.8 *ncy N&n"tr`"c& Nu`3jnt 2&ct

: :5

#*C2QN_ 8 - #d`&  $u&ct`d Jcu?c"tur`! (#$J) - O&d"'-$1 8./ $trdau"t`d 8.8 9&d, #gcrt

:4 :K

#*C2QN_  - Jcu?c"tur`! 2rd"n d? K:: J; Ocr (Ocy $  $$)  ./  .8  .  .  .5  .  .4  .K  .I ./: .// ./8 ./ ./ ./5 ./ ./4 ./K ./I .8: .8/

#dau"tdr Arc, 9rdj Ytdrn  $u&ct`d #gn"' #dau"tdr "utt`! ?dr Qrc3d`t`d #rddnr `u&ct`d *yarcu&`" 2rn`! _ca`u J`&&`! $tnr Ytrca Qnt ($YQ) ;ctnr Qnt 9drj`! 2`"'&`!  Na #utt`! d? #dau"tdr #dtc"t Y&nnn  Odttdj Jdut`! Orc0`!  Q$B ;n&a`! E`trd!n Qnt  Ayn 2nntrct`d Qnt Qgnrjc& Ygd"' Qnt *n&`uj +nc'c!n Qnt _n?drj`! Jc` Oday $u&ct`d  $j3rn!ct`d 2rn`! D? Ocr  #ur`! Yur?c"n 9``g`!  D#2 *.1.  Qc An&tc Qnt Ocrd"d3`"  N#2 #dct`! 2c"'`!  Yg`3jnt d? Ocr

// // / / / / / /5 /5 / / /K /K /I /I /I 8: 8/ 8/ 88 88

#*C2QN_  - Jcu?c"tur`! d? $u&ct`d (Ocy $$$)

8 8

./ $trdau"t`d

*C2QN_ 5 - Yujjcry

85

*C2QN_  ./ #d"&u`d

8

.8

8

_n?nrn"n



#*C2QN_-/ /./ $trdau"t`d O*N+ ` c `tn!rctna 3d,nr 3&ct nu`3jnt jcu?c"turnr ca dn d?  tgn &cr!nt n!`nnr`! ca jcu?c"tur`! "dj3cy d? `t '`a ` $a`c n!c!na ` tgn an`!% n!`nnr`!% jcu?c"turn% "dtru"t`d% tnt`!% "djj``d`! ca nr`"`! d? c ,`an rc!n d? 3rdau"t ca nr`"n ?dr "drn n"tdr d? tgn n"ddj n"ddjy% y% `0. `0. 2d,nr 2d,nr%% Qrcj` rcj`` `d% d% $aut $autry ry%% Qrc3 Qrc3drt drtct` ct`d d (_c`&, (_c`&,cy cy)% )% _nn,co&n Nnr!y% D`&  Bc% ;ctnr ca An?n"n ,`tg dnr /K: 3rdau"t d??nr`! td jnnt tgn nna d? tgnn n"tdr. O*N+ gc onn tgn onard"' d?  $a`c *ncy N&n"tr`"c& Nu`3jnt `autry `"n `t `"dr3drct`d ` /I. O*N+ !rd,tg gc onn y"grddu ,`tg c"g`n`! n&?-u??`"`n"y ` tgn `a`!ndu jcu?c"tur`! d? gncy n&n"tr`"c& nu`3jnt. Dut d? tgn cc`&co&n 5%::: J; 3nr cuj "c3c"`ty ?dr 3d,nr 3&ct nu`3jnt jcu?c"tur`! ` tgn tgn "du "dutr try y% O*N+ O*N+ c&d c&dnn "d "dt` t`tu tutn tn c jcjj jcjjdt dtg g 8:%:: 8:%::: : J; 3nr 3nr cuj cuj "c3c"`ty. C ,`an3rnca nt,dr' d? /4 Jcu?c"tur`! A```d% 8 _n3c`r ^`t%  _n!`dc& D??`"n% K Ynr`"n #ntrn%  Dnrnc D??`"n%  >d`t 1nturn% /5 _n!`dc& Jcr'nt`! #ntrn ca "urrnt 3rd6n"t n7n"ut`d ct jdrn tgc /5:  3rd6n"t `tn c"rd $a`c ca cordca "drrdodrctn tgn guju!du gu ju!du "c&n ca `0n d? `t d3nrct`d. O*N+ c&d gc c ,`an3rnca dnrnc ?ddt3r`t ` K: "dutr`n ,`tg "uju&ct`n dnrnc `tc&&na "c3c"`ty d? O*N+ jcu?c"turna 3d,nr 3&ct ncr`! /:%::: J; `"&ua`! On&cru% Ogutc% N!y3t% $adn`c% $rc% Hc0c'gtc% Jc&cy`c%  En, nc&ca% Djc% _,cac% Yuac% Yuac% Qc6`'`tc Qc6`'`tc ca ^CN. O*N+ 3&c"n trd! nj3gc` d `dct`d ca "rnct`n ann&d3jnt. Qgn _A n??drt d? tgn "dj3cy crn c`jna dt d&y ct `j3rd`! tgn 3nr?drjc"n ca n??`"`n"y d? n7`t`! 3rdau"t% out c&d ann&d3`! n, 3rdau"t u`! tctn-d tctn-d?-t ?-tgngn-crt crt tn"gd& tn"gd&d!` d!`n n ca 3rd"n 3rd"nn. n. ;`tg `tg `t `dc `dct`d t`d-& -&na na !rd,tg !rd,tg trctn!y% O*N+ "dt`un td rc' cjd! tgn g`!gnt _A 3nanr ` tgn "du "dutr try y ` tgn tgn n!` n!`n nnr nr` `! ! ca ca jcu? jcu?c" c"tu tur` r`! ! n!j n!jn nt. t. 44 44 3ctn 3ctnt t ca ca "d3y "d3yr` r`!g !gt t ,nrn ,nrn ?`&n ?`&na a aur` aur`! ! tgn tgn yncr yncr 8:/5 8:/5-/ -/% % ngc ngc" "` `! ! tgn tgn "dj3c "dj3cy y  `tn&&n"tuc& "c3`tc& td %/.



9`! /.c < _dtdr d? Qurod Bnnrctdr 

/.8 *ncy N&n"tr`"c& Nu`3jnt 2&ct O*N+ O*N+  *nc *ncy y N&n" N&n"tr tr`" `"c& c& Nu` Nu`3j 3jn ntt 2&c 2&ctt (*NN (*NN2) 2) ,c ,c nt nt u3 ` tn"g tn"g` `"c "c&& "d&& "d&&cod codrc rct` t`d d ,`tg ,`tg ^YY_ ^YY_%% ?dr ?dr tgn tgn jcu jcu?c ?c"t "tur ur` `! ! d? 3d,nr 3d,nr 3&c 3&ctt nu`3jnt% C#FA# jdtdr d? cr`du rct`! ,`tg cd"`ctna "dtrd& nu`3jnt ca ca tcr tcrtn tna a 3rda 3rdau" u"t` t`d d ` >cu >cucr cry y /I4 /I4.. $ /I4 /I4%% O*N+ O*N+ ntn ntnrn rna a `td `td c "d&&codrct`d c!rnnjnt ,`tg JF Hrc?t,nr' ^`d% CB d? Bnrjcy ?dr an`!% jcu?c"tur` jcu?c"tur`!% !% nrn"t`d nrn"t`d ca "djj``d "djj``d`! `! d? &cr!n &cr!n `0n tncj turo`n. turo`n. Jdrn tgc : 3nr"nt d? tgn "dutry n&n"tr`"c& nnr!y ` !nnrctna ?rdj tgn 3d,nr  nu`3jnt u33&`na oy O*N+% *cr`a,cr. 2rdau"t jcu?c"turna `"&uan 3d,nr  trc?drjnr% `trujnt trc?drjnr% ary ty3n trc?drjnr% nr`n  ca tut rnc"tdr% "c3c"`tdr tc'% c"uuj  ca Y9 "`r"u`t ornc'nr !c `u&ctna ,`t"g !ncr ca `u&ctdr. Qgn 3rdau"t% ,g`"g crn jcu?c"turna ` *NN2% crn= Ytncj Quro`n% Qurod Qurod Bnnrctdr% gyard turo`n% Bc turo`n% nt".

5

.

(/.o) -QB Ytctdr

(/.") - $tnrc& d? tctdr (9rdt `n,)

(/.a)- O&d"'-/

(/.n)- _dtdr d +ctgn JF"

 GG9C#QYGG Qgn !nnrctdr jcy on "&c`?`na ocna u3d tgn "dd&`! ytnj una ` tgnj u"g c= QG_@% QC_@% QGA@% QGAA% QGAF% QGFF ca QGR. Q (9`rt c&3gcont) @@@ Qy3n d? !nnrctdr `.n. Qurod-!nnrctdr dr *yard-!nnrctdr. G/C  (Yn"da c&3gcont) @@@ #dd&`! jna`c una ?dr tgn "dd&`! d? rdtdr `.n. *yard!n !c dr C`r. _/A/F/@ ( Qg`ra c&3gcont) @@@ Qy3n d? "dd&`! d? rdtdr n.!. _ca`c&% $a`rn"t% 9dr"na ca A`rn"t. @/A/F   (9durtg c&3gcont) @@@ Qy3n d? "dd&`! d? tctdr n.!. $a`rn"t% A`rn"t ca 9dr"na. R @@@ #dd&`! jna`c una ?dr "dd&`! d? tctdr "d`& n.!. ,ctnr.



#*C2QN_-8 #d`&  $u&ct`d Jcu?c"tur`! (#$J) (O&d"'-$1) 8./ $trdau"t`d #d`&  $u&ct`d jcu?c"tur`! O&d"' ` c ?nnanr o&d"' ?dr `u&ct`! `tnj% ,`a`! ,`tg "&c-O O`tuj`du `u&ct`d ca gnnt jntc& "dj3dnt ?dr c&& tgn 3rdau"t d? O&d"'-/ `.n. Qurod-!nnrctdr% *yard-!nnrctdr% C.#. ca A.#. jc"g`n.

.

(8.c)

(8.o)

9`!. (8.c) - +cydut d? #$J O&d"' <$1M (8.o) - Jc` 2rdau"t d? #$J o&d"' 

Qgnrn crn ?dur OC OCY ` tg` o&d"' nc"g ocy jcu?c"turn jcu?c"turn tctdr ocr ca "d`& ?dr a`??nrnt jc"g`n `.n. OC-:% OC-$% OC-$$% OC-$$$. 4

8.8 9&d, #gcrt

K:: J; YQCQD_ OC_ 2_D#NYY 9+D; #*C_Q #dau"tdr Arc, 9rdj Ytdrn

#dau"tdr #utt`! 9dr  Qrc3d`t`d #rddnr $u&ct`d 9`rt 2rn`!

$tnr Ytrca Qnt Qnt ($.Y.Q)

$.Y.Q _n3c`r 

 EDQ DH

9`c& 2rn`!

  !      `   &   &   `    J   .  u   `    a   c    _ $.Y.Q  EDQ DH 

;ctnr 9&d,  EDQ DH 

9drj`!

2`"'&`! Na #utt`!  ENLQ 2CBN 2CBN

K

#dtc"t Y&nnn  Odttdj Jdut` Q$B ;n&a`! D? Quon ;`tg ;`tg Ygnnt (Cutdjct`")

Jc` Orc0`!

;ctnr Od7- Qd3 2crt ;n&a` a` Q$B EDQ DH 

 E`trd!n Qnt Qnt

A`n 2nntrct`d Qnt

EDQ DH 

Qgnrjc& Ygd"' 

Jct 9`&&`!   t  .   n    Q    '   c   n    +     j   u   `   &  n    *

 EDQ DH 

$nr #drdc 2rdtn"t`d $#2 Jc` Oday $u&ct`d

$j3rn!ct`d ENLQ 2CBN

I

$j3rn!ct`d ;c!d Yntt`!  2rn 2rn` `  D? Ocr  Ocr  #ur`! Yur?c"n 9``g`!  #c&`orct`d Dutnr #drdc 2rdtn"t`d $tnr #drdc 2rdtn"t`d ($#2) *`!g 1d&tc!n  Qc An&tc 2rn3crct`d *.1.  Qc An&tc Qnt

Odrn"d3n Jcr'`!  Na #drdc 2rdtn"t`d #dct`! (N#2) 2rdtn"t`d ;cr3`! D?  N#2 #dau"t`n ;rc33`! d?  Y&dt 2c"'`! D? Ocr  Yna tgn Ocr td /

O&d"' 

/:

#*C2QN_   Jcu?c"tur`! 2rd"n d? K:: J; Ocr (Ocy $  $$)

./ #dau"tdr Arc, Arc, 9rdj Ytdrn  $u&ct`d #gn"'  #gn"'  9dr 9dr tgn tgn jcu? cu?c" c"tu tur` r`! ! d? tct tctdr dr ocr ocr%% `u `u&c &ctn tna a d&` d&`a a #d33nr "dau"tdr crn ordu!gt ?rdj Oc!c&drn ca gd&&d, Ytnn& "dau"tdr crn  ordu!gt ?rdj BnrjcyN!&ca. •

• •

*d&&d, Ytnn& "dau"tdr un ?dr odtg "dau"t`d c ,n&& c td ?c"`&`tctn tgn ?&d, d? "dd&ct (n.!. ;ctnr). ;ctnr). $u&ct`! jctnr`c& ca tgn "dau"tdr crn nurna td on "nrt`?`na. Qgn `u&ct`d ` "gn"'na oy tgn rn3n"t`n c!n"`n.

.8 #dau"tdr #dau"tdr "utt`! "utt`! ?dr Qrc3d Qrc3d`t`d `t`d  Qg` 3rd"n ` adn oy cutdjct`" #E# jc"g`n (_dnon& Jc"g`n). $ tg` 3rd"n tgn 3rn-`u&ctna "d33nr "dau"tdr ` "ut `td ujonr  d? 3`n"n d? rnu`rna &n!tg (&n!tg !`n ` arc,`! c 3nr an`!) `u&ct`d ` rnjdna ?rdj odtg na d? tgn "d33nr "dau"tdr.

GG9C#QGG ;gy ad ,n "c&& `t ocr $t ` u`tn a`??`"u&t (rctgnr `j3d`o&n) td jcu?c"turn% gca&n ca ,`a ` tgn tctdr &dt d? !nnrctdr d? g`!gnr !nnrct`d "c3c"`ty on"cun d? `t o`!!nr `0n ca gncy ,n`!gt. Qgct ` ,gy ,n jc'n "d`& ` t,d 3crt. Dn 3crt `t odttdj 3crt d? "d`& "c&&na  odttdj dr &d,nr ocr ca dtgnr 3crt d? d? "d`& ` "c&&na "c&&na td3 ocr dr u33nr ocr. ocr.

//

^33nr Ocr=Qy3n d?  "dau"tdr  Yd&`a #d33nr 

#dau"tdr Y`0n (jj) /G/.K

+n!tg (jj) //8K8

Eujonr d?   "dau"tdr  5:

*d&&d, gd&&d,

/G

//8K8

/:

+d,nr Ocr=Qy3n d?  "dau"tdr  Yd&`a #d33nr 

#dau"tdr  Y`0n (jj) /G/.K

+n!tg (jj) //:44

Eujonr d?   "dau"tdr  5:

*d&&d, gd&&d,

/G

//:44

/:

Qrc3d`t`d jnc "gc!`!Fg`?t`! d? 3d`t`d d? nc"g "dau"tdr ` c"t`n "drn (&dt) 3crt. *nrn *nrn _dnon& _dnon& #E# Jc"g`n Jc"g`n (- (-)) cutdj cutdjct` ct`"" "ut tgn "dau"tdr "dau"tdr d? rnu`rn rnu`rna a &n!tg ca c&d "&nc tgn na d? "dau"tdr oy nrt`"c& ca gdr`0dtc& orugn. Nc"g "dau"tdr "dau"tdr 3`"' oy tgn jc`3u&ctdr jc`3u&ctdr (gc`! ndr) d? jc"g`n jc"g`n ca ona crn !`n ,`tg tgn gn&3 d? ona`! a`n ct rnu`rna r nu`rna a`tc"n oy tgn jc"g`n. C?tnr   ona crn !`n% jc"g`n cutdjct`"c&&y crrc!n tgn "dau"tdr (`.n. ?dr K::J; 8-d&`a tgn /- gd&&d, tnn& ?d&&d,na oy 5- d&`a tgn /-gd&&d, tnn& d d). Qgn tgn crrc!na "dau"tdr crn tc'n dut ?rdj jc!c0`n ca trc3d`t`d ` "crr`na dut. Qg` 3rd"n ` rn3nctna ?dr jc'`! cdtgnr gc&? d? tgn ocr ,g`"g ,du& ,du&a a on j`rr j`rrdr dr `jc! `jc!nn d? tgn tgn ?`r ?`rtt gc&? gc&?.. Qgn Qgn t,d t,d gc& gc&n n d? tgn tgn ocr ocr crn crn dnr&c33na dnr nc"g dtgnr ca c `u&ct`! 3c"nr (j`"c) ` 3&c"na ont,nn tgn t,d gc&n.

.

(.8.c)

(.8.o)

/8

.

(.8.")

(.8.a)

9`! - (.c)  (.o)-_dnon& Jc"g`n% (.")-Ona ` Ocr% (.a)-Qrc3d`t`d

Qrc3d`t`d ` adn ` t,d ,cy= •

•

*c&? 2`t"g Qrc3d`t`d= - $ tg` trc3d`t`d% tgn ?`rt "dau"tdr ct dn na d? tgn ocr on"djn tgn &ct "dau"tdr ct tgn dtgnr na d? tgn ocr. tg` jntg jntgda da d? trc trc3 3d d`t `t`d `d% % tgn tgn ?`rt ?`rt 9u&& 2`t"g 2`t"g Qrc3d Qrc3d`t` `t`d d= - $ tg` "dau"tdr ct dn na d? tgn ocr on"djn tgn &ct "dau"tdr ` tgn j`a d?  tgn ocr ca tgn c!c` on"djn on"djn tgn ?`rt "dau"tdr "dau"tdr ct tgn dtgnr na d? tgn  ocr.

$. $$. $$$. $$$.

Qd rnau rnau"n "n naa naay "ur "urrn rnt t &d &dn n.. Nuc&` Nuc&`0n 0n tgn d&tc! d&tc!nn !nn !nnrct rctdr dr  3rnn 3rnnt t "urrnt "urrnt "`r"u& "`r"u&ct` ct`d. d. Qd j`` j``j` j`0n 0n '` '` n??n n??n"t "t d? c" "urrn "urrnt t%% jc&& jc&& "rd "rd n"t` n"t`d d d? "dau "dau"t "tdr  dr  ` una ca c&d gd&&d, "dau"tdr crn una td n??n"t "dd&`! oy ,ctnr.

. . #rd #rdd dn nrr `u&c `u&ct` t`d d Qgn Qgn 3rn 3rn `u `u&c &ct` t`d d d? tgn tgn "d33 "d33nr nr "da "dau" u"td tdrr jcy jcy !nt !nt acjc!na aun td jn"gc`"c& ona`! ` a`n aur`! trc3d`t`d% gn"n tgn `u&ct`! 3c"nr crn 3rd`ana ct tgn "rddnr 3drt`d d? tgn "dau"tdr. C ?`&&nr jctnr`c& (`u&ct`! 3utty d? jdu&a`! j`"c`tn) ` 3rd`ana c&d! tgn gn`!gt d? tgn ocr td jc`tc` tgn rn"tc!u&cr gc3n ca c a td "dnr tgn a`??nrn"n d?  &nn& d? "dau"tdr.

. . *yar *yarcu cu&` &`"" 2rn 2rn` `! ! Qg` 3rd"n ` oc`"c&&y adn td "dd&`actn tgn d&`a c ,n&& c tgn gd&&d, "dau"tdr `td c `!&n `!&n ocr% tgn `u&ct`! `u&ct`! jctnr`c& jctnr`c& 3rd`an ct "rddnr 3d`t`d ,g`"g gc !&u`! 3rd3nrt`n jn&t ca gn&3 ` tgn 3rd3nr  "dd&`act`d d? tgn ocr. $ tg` 3rd"n tgn ocr ` 3rnna odtg nrt`"c&&y ca

/

gdr`0dtc&& gdr`0dtc&&y y ` tgn 2rn`! 2rn`! Jc"g`n. Jc"g`n. Qgn 3rn`! 3rn`! jc"g`n jc"g`n crn c&d 3rd`ana ,`tg tgn gnctnr Nc"g ocr ` &dcana d nc"g t`nr d? gnct`! 3&ctn ca `t ` tgn 3rd`ana ,`tg c ``t`c& 3rnurn d? 55 '!F"j 8 ca c ``t`c& tnj3nrcturn d? /::[-//:[ #. Qgn tgn tnj3nrcturn tnj3nrcturn ` c&&d,na c&&d,na td rc`n td tgn jc7`juj d? /:[#% /:[#% tg` tnj3nrcturn tnj3nrcturn ` 'n3t ?dr ct &nct dn gdur ,`tg c ?`c& 3rnurn d? K:/: '!F"j 8 nrt`"c&&y ca 4:/: '!F"j8 gdr`0dtc&&y. Qgn tgn ocr crn "dd&na ca odtg na d? ocr crn "&ncna ,`tg rn"t`?`na 3`r`t ca ca 3c3nr ?dr tgn `tnr trca tnt.

.5 .5 _ca` _ca`u u J`& J`&&` &`! ! C?tnr gyarcu&`" 3rn`! d? ocr% tgn ocr ` ordu!gt ?dr  rca`u j`&&`!. Aun td gyarcu&`" 3rn`!% tgn ocrS na!n on"djn gcr3. $ tg`  3rd"n tgn gcr3 na d? ocr ` !r`ana td !`n c jddtg ?``g d? u`?drj rca`u.

. $tnr $tnr Ytrc Ytrca a Qn Qnt ($YQ ($YQ)) Qgn 3rnna ocr ` tntna ?dr tgn gdrt ont,nn cy t,d "dau"tdr ` tgn ocr% `? ?dua tgn `t gc td on rn"t`?`na. Qg` ` adn td nurn tgct d &d"c& "urrnt ` ?&d,`! aun td gdrt "`r"u`t ont,nn "dau"tdr ,g`"g acjc!n tgn `an "dau"tdr ca `t `u&ct`d tgu acjc!n ,gd&n ocr ,gn `t  3&c"n ` tctdr. 9dr tg` tnt c&& tgn ocrn "dau"tdr ct odtg tgn na crn n3crctna ?rdj nc"g dtgnr oy 3utt`! tgnj ` "djo d tgct tgny ad dt gdrt "`r"u`t. Qgn tnt`! 'do ` "dn"t td c ca6c"nt "dau"tdr ca "gn"' ?dr ,gntgnr `t ` gdrt dr dt oy !&d, d? ou&o (,g`"g ` nr`n "dn"tna).Ycjn ` adn ?dr u3ad, "dau"tdr. $? tgn &cj3 &`!gt u3 `t gd, gdrt "`r"u`t ont,nn tgn t,d "dau"tdr aun td `j3rd3nr `u&ct`d ont,nn tgnj. $t gd, `u&ct`d ?c`&urn  ont,nn tgn "dau"tdr% tgnn "dau"tdr crn cr n tgn rn3&c"na ca ocr ` ?d&&d,na tgrdu!g c&& tgn 3rn`du 3rd"nn.

.4 .4 ;ctnr tnr Qnt ;ctnr tnt ` 3nr?drjna d tgct tgnrn dt cy o&d"'c!n ` tgn gd&&d, tnn& "dau"tdr. $ tg` tnt ,ctnr ` u33&`na ?rdj ?rd j dn `an d? tgn ocr 

/

ca ,ctnr 3rd?`&n ` "gn"'na ct dtgnr na. 2rd?`&n jut on cjn ?dr nnry gd&&d, "dau"tdr. $? tgnrn ` cy '`a d? o&d"'c!n ``an tgn gd&&d, "dau"tdr d? tgn ocr tgn `t ` `a`"ctna oy ?&d, d? ,ctnr `.n. ?&d, d? ,ctnr ,`&& on dt u`?drj dr 3rd?`&n ` a`turona d tgn ocr ` cujna td on "gd"'na. Qgn "gd"'na "dau"tdr crn rn3c`rna ca ,ctnr tnt ` c!c` 3nr?drjna td "gn"' tgn ?&d, d? ,ctnr.

.K 9drj`! $ tg` 3rd"n tgn ocr crn ona`! ?rdj odtg tgn na d?  tgn ocr `.n. ct n7"`tnr `an ca turo`n `an ct 3n"`?`" c!&n ca gc3n c 3nr  an`!. Qg` 3rd"n ` adn jcuc&&y. 9`rt tgn ?drjnr ` nt c""dra`! td tgn an`! jc'`! a`??nrnt c!&n ct a`??nrnt 3d`t`d. Nc"g ocr d? c cr`ct ` ont dr  ?drjna ct cjn c!&n. D"n tgn ?drjnr ` nt% tgn ocr ` jdutna d `t ca ?drjna jcuc&&y oy tdd& (n.!. jc&&nt% "&cj3nr nt".) ?rdj odtg tgn na. ;g`&n ?drj`!% tgn ocr crn cujna td !nt &ddn. Qgu tgn ?drjna 3drt`d d?  tgn tgn ocr ocr crn crn "&cj "&cj3n 3na a ct a`? a`??nrn nrntt 3&c" 3&c"n n ca ca 3rd 3rd`a `ana na ,`tg `tg gnct gnctnr nr td rn"dd&`actn tgn ?drjna 3drt`d. C?tnr ?n, gdur tgn ocr ` tgn c&&d,na td "dd& ct rddj tnj3nrcturn.

.I 2`"'&`! 2`"'&`!  Na Na #utt` #utt`! ! d? d? #dau"t #dau"tdr dr  C?tnr  C?tnr !``! c rnu`rna gc3n tgrdu!g ?drj`! 3rd"n 3rd"n  tgn  ocr crn jcr'na u3 td rnu`rna &n!tg. D&y d&`a "dau"tdr crn "&`3 dut ,`tg tgn gn&3 d? Qd3 #utt`! 2&`nr. Aun Aun td ?drj ?drj` `!% !% "utt "utt` `! ! d? tgn tgn ocr ocr ca ca trc trc3 3dr drtc tct` t`d d d? tgn tgn ocr% ocr% tgnr tgnrnn c""uju&ctn nry j`utn 3crt`"&n d? aut d tgn na d? tgn ocr. Qgnn 3crt`"&n jcy "cun g`arc"n ct tgn t`jn d? orc0`! ca jcy "rnctn djn c`r !c3. Yd% ` dranr td rnjdn tgnn u,ctna 3crt`"&n% 3`"'&`! 3rd"n ` 3nr?drjna. Qgn d&ut`d una ?dr tg` crn "dt`tunt d? Yu&3gur`" c"`a (/:)% 2gd3gdr`" c"`a (5)% *yard!n 3nrd7`an (5) ca ;ctnr. ;ctnr. Qgn na d? tgn ocr ` a`33na ` tg`nr td rnjdn tgn aut dr d`& 3crt`"&n tgn ar`na ,`tg tgn gn&3 d? E 8 !c. C?tnr tgct tgn ocr na ` a`33na ` 3`"'&`! d&ut`d ?dr 5 td /: j`utn ?d&&d,na oy a`33`! ` ,ctnr. Qgn tgn ocr `

/5

a`33na ` rn"t`?`na 3`r`t td jc'n tgn ,ctnr "dtnt nc3drctn c dd c  3d`o&n c&d ar`na ,`tg E8 !c.

./:

#dtc"t Y&nnn  Odttdj Jdut`!

C?tnr tgn 3`"'&`! 3rd"n ca na "utt`! ` adn% "dtc"t &nnn ca ,ctnr od7 odttdj 3crt crn jdutna d odtg tgn na d? tgn ocr. #dtc"t &nnn - `t ` c rn"tc!u&cr &nnn ,g`"g ` una td jc'n "dtc"t ont,nn u33nr ca &d,nr ocr ,gn &c`a dut ` tgn !nnrctdr td ?drj c "dj3&ntn "d`&. C&& tgn rnjc``! gd&&d, Ytnn& "dau"tdr crn "ut c?tnr tgn "dtc"t &nnn ` ?`ttna &nc`! 8 jj ?dr Q$B ,n&a`! (cutdjct`"). ( cutdjct`"). Odtg tgn na d? tgn ocr crn tgn c!c` 3`"'&na c&d! ,`tg "dtc"t &nnn ca ,ctnr od7 odttdj 3crt ?d&&d,`! tgn cjn 3rd"naurn d? 3`"'&`!.

.// Orc0`!  Q$B ;n&a`! n&a`! Qgn ,ctnr od7 odttdj 3crt ` ,n&ana d "dtc"t &nnn tgrdu!g Q$B ,n&a`! u`! *n&`uj c g`n&a`! !c. Qgn "dtc"t &nnn% ,g`"g crn una td jc'n "dtc"t ont,nn tgn u33nr ocr ca tgn &d,nr ocr td ?drj c "dj3&ntn "d`& ca tgn ,ctnr od7 odttdj 3crt% odtg td!ntgnr crn "c&&na #d`& +u!. Qgn "dtc"t &nnn ("d`& &u!) ,g`"g gdun "dau"tdr d? ocr ` orc0na tgrdu!g tgn 3rd"n d? Orc0`! ($au"t`d Orc0`!).

9`! (.//.c) < Orc0`! 2rd"n

Orc0`! ` c jntc&-6d``! 3rd"n ` ,g`"g t,d dr jdrn jntc& `tnj crn 6d`na td!ntgnr oy jn&t`! ca ?&d,`! c ?`&&nr jntc& `td tgn 6d`t% tgn ?`&&nr jntc& gc`! c &d,nr jn&t`! 3d`t tgc tgn ca6d``! jntc&. Qgn t,d ty3n d? orc0`! 3rd"nn crn=• •

Qgnrjc& orc0`! (u`! +2B) $au"t`d orc0`!

/

C `au"t`d orc0`! ` jdrn onn?`"`c& tgc tgnrjc& orc0`! c `t adn dt rnu`rn rnu`rn cy `?&cjj `?&cjjco&n co&n !c ?dr gnct` gnct`!. !. Yd ` O*N+% O*N+% `au"t `au"t`d `d orc0`! orc0`!  3rd"n ` una. #crod gc nry g`!g rn`tc"n ca ,gn tgn "urrnt ` c&&d,na td 3c tgrdu!g `t aun td `au"t`d tgn jctnr`c& td on orc0na `.n. #dtc"t Y&nnn Y&nnn !nt !nt u3nru3nr-gnc gnctna tna.. $au"t $au"t`d `d gnct` gnct`! ! ` gn"n gn"n ?ctnr ?ctnr ca nn nn jdrn jdrn n??`"`nt tgc tgnrjc& gnct`!. ;gn tgn "dtc"t "dtc"t &nnn on"djn rna gdt ct 45:[#% 45:[#% tgn orc0`! orc0`! jctnr`c& (c&&dy d? C!#uCuOrc) ` tgn 3ugna td ?`&& tgn c`r !c3 ca td "dd&`actn tgn "dtc"t &nnn d tgn ocr. $t ` tgn c&&d,na td "dd&. Qgn gd&&d, Ytnn& "dau"tdr crn ,n&ana ,`tg ,ctnr od7  odttdj 3crt tgrdu!g 3rd"n d? Q$B ,n&a`!. Qg` ` adn oy #E# Jc"g`n. On?drn ,n&a`!% tgn d3n`! gd&n d? "dau"tdr crn ca6ut ,`tg gn&3 d? "g`n&. *nct !nnrctna oy Qu!tn jn&t ad, tgn gd&&d, tnn& "dau"tdr (8jj) ca ,ctnr od7 odttdj 3crt% aun td tg` odtg 6d` td nc"g dtgnr% tgu d ?`&&nr jctnr`c& un gnrn.

1d&tc!n (1) K-I

#urrnt (Cj3) 55-4:

9nna (jjFj`) /:8

Q`jn (n") 8:-:

Qco&n .I.c < Q$B ,n&a`! d? tuon ,`tg ,ctnr od7 odttdj 3crt.

Qgn td3 ,ctnr od7 ` c&d ,n&ana d ,ctnr od7 odttdj 3crt tgrdu!g tgn jntgda d? Q$B ,n&a`!. 9dr tg` `t gdu&a on 'n3t ` j`a tgct ,ctnr od7 odttdj 3crt gdu&a gcn cjn jctnr`c& jctnr`c& c tgct d? ,ctnr od7 td3 3crt. Yg`n&a`! Yg`n&a`! !c un gnrn ` Cr!d Cr!d !c ca ?`&&nr jctnr`c& un gnrn ` tc`&n tnn&. Qu!tn $nrt Bc (Q$B) ,n&a`!% ` c cr" ,n&a`! 3rd"n tgct un c d"dujco&n tu!tn n&n"trdan td 3rdau"n tgn ,n&a. Qgn ,n&a crnc ` 3rdtn"tna ?rdj ctjd3gnr`" "dtcj`ct`d oy c `nrt g`n&a`! !c (Cr  *n)% ca c ?`&&nr jntc& ` drjc&&y una.

(. I.c) 9`!. (.I.c) - Q$B ;n&a`! /4

./8 E`trd!n Qnt Qnt  Ayn 2nntrct`d 2nntrct`d Qnt Qnt Qg` tnt ` 3nr?drjna td "gn"' cy &nc'c!n ` ocr `.n. td "gn"' tgn Q$B ,n&a`!. Qg` tnt ` `j`&cr td 3u"turn tnt tgct ` `?&ctna tuon ` a`33na ` ,ctnr ?dr cy &nc'c!n% tgn c`r ouoo&n !`n u tgn n7c"t 3d`t`d d?  tgn 3u"turn. Y`j`&cr&y% tg` tnt ` 3nr?drjna ,`tg tgn gn&3 d? E`trd!n !c. $ tg` tnt% `trd!n ct c 3rnurn d? /:H!F"j 8 ` ?dr"na ?rdj dn na d? tgn ocr  ca dtgnr na d? tgn ocr ` o&d"'na tgn tgn 3rnurn d? /:H!F"j 8 ` jc`tc`na ca odtg tgn na d? tgn ocr crn a`33na ` ,ctnr. $? ouoo&n c33ncr tgn ,n&a`! ` adn c!c` ca cjn tnt ` 3nr?drjna td nurn Q$B ,n&a`! d? ,ctnr od7 td3 ca odttdj 3crt ` adn 3rd3nr&y. Ayn 2nntrct`d Qnt una td &d"ctn ur?c"n-ornc'`! an?n"t ` c&& d-3drdu jctnr`c&. +`u`a ,`tg "nrtc` ayn ` c33&`na d ,ctnr od7 ca "gn"' ?dr ornc' d ur?c"n.

./ Qgnrjc& Qgnrjc& Ygd"' Qn Qnt Qgnrjc& gd"' tnt ` 3nr?drjna td "gn"' ,gntgnr tgn ocr  "c ,`tgtca n7trnjn "da`t`d `.n. ,gn tgn !nnrctdr ` ,dr'`! dr ru`! ct codut ::: r3j. Qgnr Qgnrj jc& gd" gd"' ' tnt tnt "d "d` `tt d? nr` nr`n n d? gdt gdt ,ctn ,ctnrr  "d&a "d&a ,ctn ,ctnrr "y"& "y"&n n c&tnrct`n&y. Yd ?`rt&y gdt ,ctnr ct tnj3nrcturn d? codut K:-I:[# ` 3cna tgrdu!g tgn ocr ca tgn "d&a ,ctnr ct codut rddj tnj3nrcturn 85-:[# c33rd7. ` ?&d,na ``an ``an tgn ocr c&tnrct`n c&tnrct`n&y &y.. Qg` 3rd"n ` rn3nctna rn3nctna c!c` ca c!c`. Qg` 3rd"n ` rn3nctna ?dr codut  t`jn `.n. `t gc  "y"&n d? gdt ca "d&a ,ctnr. Yd tg` tnt tn&& u tgn trn!tg d? tgn ocr d tgct `t "c ,`tgtca tgn ,dr'`! "da`t`d d? tgn !nnrctdr.

/K

.9`! (./.c) < +cydut ?dr tgnrjc& gd"' d? ocr.

./ *n&`uj *n&`uj +nc'c!n +nc'c!n Qn Qnt *n&`uj tnt ` tgn jdt `j3drtct tnt d? c&&% on"cun tg` tnt ` 3nr?drjna td "gn"' cy j`utn &nc'c!n &nc'c!n ,`tg` tgn ocr ca ct tgn ,n&ana  3drt`d. Cy j`utn &nc'c!n ,g`"g "du&at on "gn"'na oy ,ctnr tnt "c nc`&y  on donrna oy *n&`uj tnt on"cun *n&`uj ` ` dn d? tgn &`!gtnt !cn. $ tg` tnt% na d? tgn ocr ` ,rc33na ` tgn 3d&ytgnn. Qgn *n&`uj !c ct  3rnurn d? //H!F"j8 ` 3cna tgrdu!g tgn ocr ca c 3rdon "dn"tna td tgn !cu!n ` `nrtna ``an tgn 3d&ytgnn ct a`??nrnt 3&c"n. Qgn !cu!n ,`&& gd, an?&n"t`d `? tgnrn ` cy *n&`uj ctdj 3rnnt. Bcu!n ,`&& gd, rnca`! nn `?  / gn&`uj ctdj ` /::::: ctdj ` 3rnnt. $? tgn tnt ` ?c`&na tgn tgn ocr c!c` !d uanr tgn ,n&a`! 3rd"n ca ,gd&n  3rd"n.

./5 ./5 _n?drj _n?drj`! `! C?tnr c&& tgn 3rn`du 3rd"nn ,g`"g gca uanr!dn d tgn ocr `t ` cujna tgct tgn gc3n d? tgn ocr ` an?drjna ?rdj `t dr`!`c& gc3n gc3n aun aun td gca gca&` &`! ! d? tgn tgn ocr ocr ?rdj ?rdj dn dn 3&c" 3&c"nn td cdt cdtgn gnrr ?dr ?dr a`?? a`??nr nrn ntt  3rd"nn. Yd td 'nn3 tgn gc3n d? tgn ocr c 3nr an`!% tgn ocr ` "gn"'na `? `t ` ?dua a`tdrtna tgn `t ` rn?drjna ` tgn 3rn`du ?drjnr jc"g`n oy 3&c"`! tgn ocr d tgn ?drjnr ca ad tgn ?drj`! 3rd"n c!c`.

./ Jc` Oday $u&ct` $u&ct`d d  $j3rn!ct`d $j3rn!ct`d Qgn ocr ` `u&ctna ,`tg tgn 3n"`?`" ujonr d? &cynr td  ou`&a tgn ,c&& tg`"'n d? `u&ct`d uo6n"tna td tgn !nnrct`! d&tc!n d? tgn /I

jc"g` jc"g`n n.. $u $u&c &ct` t`d d ` oc` oc`"c "c&& &&y y adn adn td 3rnn 3rnnt t cy cy '`a '`a d? gdr gdrtt "`r" "`r"u` u`tt  ont,nn tgn ocr ca tgn tctdr "drn ,gn tgn ocr ` cnjo&na ` tgn tctdr d? tgn jc"g`n. jc"g`n. Qgn tctdr tctdr ocr crn `u&ctna `u&ctna ,`tg J`"c&ct`" J`"c&ct`" (trcan cjn) `u&ct`d. `u&ct`d. Qgn ocr ` 3rd`ana ,`tg jcy &cynr d? `u&ct`d ,g`"g ` adn oy jc"g`n "c&&na #E# QC22$EB JC#*$EN. 9dr `u&ct`d ,`tg j`"c&ct`"% tgn "dau"tdr trca crn crrc!na td!ntgnr td ?drj c "dj3c"t cnjo&y ca nt td tgn rnu`rna gc3n. Qg` cnjo&y ` tgn  oc'na ,`tg n3d7y rn` td !`n `t jn"gc`"c& trn!tg rnu`rna ?dr ?urtgnr   3rd"n`!. Qgn ocr crn tgn ar`na uanr c"uuj ca `j3rn!ctna ,`tg ytgnt`" rn`% ,g`"g oy rncd d? `t &d, `"d`ty 3nntrctn tgn `u&ct`d tgdrdu!g&y ca n&`j`ctn c&& d`a.

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$j3rn!ct`d=

Qgn Qgn `j3rn `j3rn! !ct ct`d `d  rn` rn`  j`7t j`7turn urn ` td on gnct gnctna na ` tgn tgn ,dr'`! tc'% td (:) [#. Ct c tnj3nrcturn d? 5:[#% tgn `j3rn!ct`! rn` j`7turn ` td on an!cna ,`tg /-5 j ocr c"uuj. Yuonunt&y tgn tctdr  ,`a`! crn td on a`33na "dt`udu&y ` rn` gcrannr j`7 u"g tgct tgn g`!gnt &d"ct`d d? tgn ,`a`! crn ct &nct /:: jj on&d, tgn rn` &nn&. C?tnr /: j`utn d? rn` tco`&`0ct`d% 3rnurn ` `"rncna oy c33&`"ct`d d?  `trd!n. 2rnurn ` td on !rcauc&&y `"rncna ` u`?drj tc!n ,`tg` K: j`utn td  ocr ca td on jc`tc`na ?dr /8: j`utn ` tgn `j3rn!ct`d tc'. Qgn `j3rn!ct`d d? tgn tctdr ,`a`! ` td on jd`tdrna "dt`udu&y. 9urtgnr  `t ` td on an"`ana ,gntgnr td `"rncn tgn 3rnurn dr td td3 tgn `j3rn!ct`d  3rd"n% gd,nnr tgn tdtc& 3nr`da d? `trd!n 3rnurn "y"&n gc&& ` cy cy "cn dt n7"nna  gdur.

./4 2rn`! 2rn`! D? Ocr  #ur` #ur`! ! C?tnr `j3rn!ct`d uanr c"uuj% tgn `j3rn!ctna ocr tgn ordu!gt td tgn rnu`rna a`jn`d ` jdu&a ca "urna ` c dn ct c g`!g tnj3nrcturn.

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2rn 2rn` `! !== Qgn Qgn ocr ocr crn crn 3rn 3rnn na a td or` or`! ! tgnj tgnj oc"' oc"' td tgn tgn dr`! dr`!` `c& c& a`jn`d.

8:

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Ary`!= Qgn tctdr ,`a`! crn td on ar`na uanr c"uuj :./ j ocr ct (:5 (:5)) [# ?dr ?dr /5 gdur gdur%% j`` j``ju juj. j. Qgn Qgn ary` ary`! ! tnj3 tnj3nrc nrctu turn rn ` td on `"rncna td (58) [# `? tgn ``t`c& `"d`ty d? tgn `j3rn!ct`! rn` j`7turn ` g`!g. Qgn tnj3nrcturn a`tr`out`d gdu&a on c u`?drj c  3d`o&n. #ur`!= Qd 3rnnt gnct`! ` tgn dnrgc! 3drt`d% tgn "ur`! d? tgn `j3rn!ctna tctdr ,`a`! ` td on adn ,`tg c jc7`juj /:[# gdt c`r. Qgn "ur`! 3nr`da ` n7tnana ?dr u"g c &d! t`jn t`&& tgn jncurnjnt  3d`t`d ` tgn "drn `a`"ctn (/:5) [# ?dr ?dr j``juj K gdur.

./K Yur?c"n Yur?c"n 9``g` 9``g`! !  D#2 D#2 Qgn oc'na ca a`jn`dc&&y "drrn"t ocr crn cana-d??  td jddtgn tgn na!n ca tgn ur?c"n ` "c&`orctna c 3nr rnu`rnjnt d? tgn a`jn`d. D#2 (Dutnr #drdc 2rdtn"t`d) #dct`!= - Qgn o&c"' nj`-"dau"t`! cr`g "dct`! ` c33&`na d tgn ocr ur?c"n d tgn "drn &n!tg.

./I *.1. *.1.  Qc Qc An&tc Qnt Qnt ;gn tgn ocr ` ar`na `t ` ,rc33na ,`tg c&uj``uj gnnt td jc'n dutnr ur?c"n d? tgn ocr "dau"t`! "dau "t`! d tgct tc  ca *.1. *.1. (*`!g (*`!g d&tc!n tnt) "c on 3nr?drjna. C?tnr tgnn tnt tgn "dct`! d? rna !n& ` c33&`na ct odtg tgn na d? tgn ocr.

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Qc  tnt

Qnt ` 3nr? 3nr?dr drjn jna a td ?`a ?`a tgn tgn "c3c "c3c"` "`tc tc" "nn d? tgn tgn ocr  ocr   on"cun ocr ,`&& c"t c "c3c"`tdr ,gn `t ` &c`a ` tgn tctdr d? tgn !nnrctdr. $ 8/

tg` tnt Y"gnr`! Or`a!n ,g`"g ,dr' d tgn 3r`"`3&n d? ,gnct-tdn or`a!n ` una td ?`a tgn u'd, "c3c"`tc"n d? tgn ocr. o cr. ;gn tgn ocr ,rc33na ,`tg c&uj``uj tgnrn crn t,d "dau"t`! jctnr`c& `.n. tgn c&uj``uj gnnt ca tgn "dau"tdr d? tgn ocr% ,g`"g c"t c t,d 3&ctn d?  tgn "c3c"`tdr ca tgn `u&ct`d d tgn ocr c"t c a`n&n"tr`" jna`uj ?dr tgn "c3c"`tdr. Qgn "c3c"`tc"n d? tgn ocr ` ?dua ca d? c!&n d? an`ct`d aun td `j3ur`ty ` tgn `u&ct`d ` dotc`na ?rdj ?rd j tgn ?drju&c= # G _ G /:  tc 

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*.1. (*`!g 1d&tc!n Qnt`!

Qg` tnt ` c&d 'd, c `u&ct`d tnt on"cun tg` tnt ` 3nr?drjna td "gn"' tgn `u&ct`d d? tgn ocr. $ tg` tnt tgn ocr ,g`"g ` c&rncay ,rc33na ,`tg c&uj``uj ` una. *`!g d&tc!n ` c33&`na td tgn ocr  u`! cutd-trc?drjnr ca `t ` `"rncna tgrnn t`jn tgn ,dr'`! d&tc!n d? tgn  ocr. $? tgn `u&ct`d ` ,nc' tgn ocr ,`&& 3u"turn ct tgn 3&c"n d? ,nc'nr  `u&ct`d. Qgn ocr ` tntna td tgrnn t`jn tgn rctna d&tc!n. d&tc!n. $? cy d? tgn ocr ?c`& tg` tnt `.n. ocr ` 3u"turna ct cy 3d`t tgn tgn ocr ` nt oc"' ?dr $#2 ca c&d! ,`tg rn-`u&ct`d c&& tgn 3rd"nn crn rn3nctna c!c`.

.8: Ocrd"d3` Ocrd"d3`""  N#2 #dct` #dct`! ! Qg` tnt ` 3nr?drjna td "gn"' tgn `j3ur`t`n dr ?drn`! jctnr`c& ``an tgn ocr (gd&&d, ( gd&&d, "dau"tdr). Qd &dd' &dd' ``an ,`tg c'na nyn ` dt  3d`o&n d ,n un ocrd"d3`" ?dr tg` 3ur3dn. Ocrd"d3`" ` gc`! c 3rdon gc`! c +NA (&`!gt nj`tt`! a`dan). +NA ` una td 3rd`an &`!gt ``an tgn ocr. Qgn 3rdon d? tgn ocrd"d3`" ` `nrtna ?rdj dn na d? tgn ocr ca nn ?rdj c jc!`?y`! &n. Qgn 3rdon !`n c &`!gt ,g`"g ` rn?&n"tna oy tgn `an d? tgn ocr (``an) ca ,`tg tgn gn&3 d? jc!`?y`! &n ,n !nt c "&ncr `jc!n tgct ,gct ` tgnrn ` tgn ocr. $? `j3ur`t`n crn 3rnnt tgn tgny crn rnjdna. N#2 (Na #drdc 2rdtn"t`d) #dct`!= Qgn !rny nj`-"dau"t`! cr`g ` c33& c33&`n `na a ct tgn tgn ona ona dut dut`a `ann "drn "drn na na d? ocr ocr ` !rca !rca`n `nt t td 3rn 3rnn ntt ?rdj ?rdj a`"gcr!n ca j``j`0n tgn na "drdc.

88

2c"'`!  Yg`3jnt d? Ocr ;gn tgn ocr uanr !dn c&& tgn 3rn`du tn3 u""n?u&&y tgn tgny crn 3c"'na ca rncay ?dr g`3jnt `.n. na`! d? tgn ocr td O+D#H -/. Qgnrn tgny crn !d`! td 3&c"n ` tctdr "drn d? Qurod Bnnrctdr.

#*C2QN_   Jcu?c"tur`! Jcu?c"tur`! d? $u&ct`d (Ocy $$$) ./ ./ $tr $trda dau" u"t`d t`d  Ocy Ocy  ` tgn tgn jcu jcu?c ?c"t "tur urnr nr d? `u `u&c &ct` t`! ! jctn jctnr` r`c& c& d?  a`??nrnt gc3n ca `0n c rnu`rna c""dra`! td tgn an`!. Qg` ocy ` c&d "c&&na c $.A. Yn"t`d ($u&ct`d An`! Yn"t`d). 9dr tgn jcu?c"tur`! d?  `u&ct`d% a`??nrnt rc, jctnr`c& gc`! `u&ct`! 3rd3nrt`n crn ordu!gt oy tg` n"t`d. Qgn rc, jctnr`c& gc`! a`??nrnt `u&ct`! 3rd3nrt`n crn tgn  3rd"nna ` tg` n"t`d ca jdu&ana td a`??nrnt a`??nrnt gc3n c 3nr an`!. Qgn rc, jctnr`c& una ` tg` ocy crn=      

B&c ocna Qn7td&`tn Ygnnt #dttd ocna Qn7td&`tn Ygnnt 2c3nr ocna Qn7td&`tn Ygnnt J`"c B&c gnnt Qn?&d Ygnnt J`"c Ygnnt 8

  Ey&d

Ygnnt  Nod`tn  2nr3n7 B&c Ygnnt   Edjn7 2c3nr   Contd Ygnnt  Contd 2c3nr  C&& tgn `u&ct`! rc, jctnr`c& jnt`dna codn crn ` tgn an"rnc`! dranr d?  tgn`r `u&ct`! 3rd3nrty. Qgn `u&ct`! jctnr`c& una ` tgn jcu?c"tur`! d?  `u&ct`d jdu&a crn "ctn!dr`0na c""dra`! td tgn`r &cy`! rnu`rnjnt ` tgn jc"g`n `.n. `? c `u&ct`d jdu&a ` td on ?`7na ` tgn 3&c"n ,gnrn tgn r`' d?  ?`rn ` g`!g% tgn ct tgdn 3&c"n jdu&a d? B&c ocna Qn7td&`tn gnnt crn  3rn?nrrna on"cun o n"cun "dttd ocna dr 3c3nr ocna tn7td&`tn gnnt "du&a "ct"g ?`rn ct tgdn 3&c"n. Qn?&d Ygnnt gc c `j3drtct 3rd3nrty ca `.n. Qn?&d ` d gnct trc?nrr`! jctnr`c&. Yd c `u&ct`! jdu&a d? Qn?&d ` 3&c"na codn tgn oncr`! d? tgn rdtdr d tgct ` cy ?cu&t ` tgn oncr`! d? tgn rdtdr 3rdau"n cy gnct tgn `t `  3rnntna oy tg` jctnr`c& td !nt trc?nrrna td tgn rdtdr% ca gn"n 3rnnt tgn rdtdr d? tgn jc"g`n. 9dr tgn jcu?c"tur`! d? `u&ct`d jdu&a% tgn !&c `u&ct`d rc, jctnr`c& ` ?`orn ` ?`rt 3rnna `td o&d"' ` c 3rn`! jc"g`n ,`tg tgn gn&3 d? gnctnr ca gyarcu&`" 3rnurn. 9`orn crn jcan `td o&d"' on"cun `? ?`orn ` una c `t ` tgn d&ujn d? tgn jctnr`c& ,`&& on nry &cr!n. Yd o&d"' crn 3&c"na d ,n`!g`! jc"g`n ca tgn ,n`!gna nuc& td tgn 3rdau"t rnu`rna c""dra`! td an`!. Yd tgn tgnn o&d"' crn 3&c"na ` tgn jdu&a ca gnctna ca jdu&ana ` tgn gc3n c tgct d? tgn jdu&a oy c33&y`! u??`"`nt 3rnurn ca tnj3nrcturn.

8

#*C2QN_  5 Yujjcry •

#dtru"t`d  

Nc"g ocr "d`t d? d&`a c ,n&& c gd&&d, "dau"tdr "dau"tdr ,`tg "dd&`! ,ctnr 3c`! tgrdu!g tgn &cttnr. C&tnrctn C&tnrctn crrc!njnt gd&&d, ca d&`a "dau"tdr nurn c d3t`juj d&ut`d ?dr `"rnc`! "urrnt ca td rnau"n &dn. Qgn "dau"tdr d? jc&& rn"tc!u&cr "rd n"t`d crn 3rd`ana ,`tg !&c &c33na trca `u&ct`d. C n3crctdr `u&ctn tgn `a``auc& &cynr ?rdj nc"g dtgnr. Qgn trc3d`t`d 3rd`an ?dr  jutuc& nutrc&`0ct`d d? d&tc!n `au"na ` tgn `a``auc& trca aun td tgn &dt "rd ?`n&a ca na ,`a`! ?`n&a. Qgn "urrnt ?&d,`! tgrdu!g tgn "dau"tdr ` u`?drj&y a`tr`outna a`tr`outna dnr tgn nt`rn ocr "rd n"t`d rnau"na. Qd nurn tgct trca crn ?`rj&y odana td!ntgnr ca !`n a`jn`dc&&y tco`&`ty ` &dt  3drt`d% c &cynr d? !&c tc3n ` ,rc33na dnr tgn "dj3&ntn tc"'. Ocr `u&ct`d ` adn ,`tg n3d7y j`"c tgnrjdntt`! `u&ct`d. Qg` `u&ct`d ` d`a ?rnn ca 3dn onttnr  jn"gc`"c& 3rd3nrt`n. Qg` ty3n d? `u&ct`d ` jdrn rn&`co&n ?dr g`!g d&tc!n. Qg` `u&ct`d gd, d&y jc&& `"rncn ` a`n&n"tr`" a``3ct`d ?c"tdr ,`tg `"rnc`! tnt d&tc!n. Qgn ocr `u&ct`d ` "urna ` c n&n"tr`"c&&y gnctna 3rd"n ca tgu n3d7y rn` ?`&& c&& d`a ca n&`j`ctn c`r `"&u`d.

85

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$u&ct`d  

Ocr Ocr ` tc33 tc33na na ,`tg ,`tg nn nnrc rc&& &cyn &cynr r d? tgnr tgnrjd jdn ntt tt` `! ! n3d7 n3d7y y tc3n tc3n.. Qg` Qg` ` c33& c33&`n `na a "dt`udu&y ca gc&? dnr&c33na td tgn &dt 3drt`d. Qgn d&tc!n d? jc"g`n antnrj`n tgn tg`"'n d? `u&ct`d. Qgn tc33na ocr ` tgn 3rnna ca "urna ` n&n"tr`"c& gnctna  3rn jdu&a ?dr ?dr "nrtc` ?`7na ?`7na tnj3nrcturn ca ca t`jn.

#*C2QN_   ./ ./ #d" #d"&u &u` `d d $ ,du&a &`'n td cy tgct tg` trc``! 3rd!rcj ` c n7"n&&nt d33drtu`ty ?dr u td !nt td tgn !rdua &nn& ca n73nr`n"n tgn tg`! tgct ,n ,du&a gcn nnr  !c`na tgrdu!g !d`! trc`!gt `td c ,r`ttn jctnr`c&. Qgn jc` do6n"t`n d? tgn `autr`c& trc``! ` td 3rd`an c d33drtu`ty td uanr!rcauct uanr!rcauctn n td `ant`?y `ant`?y%% donrn ca 3rc"t`"n 3rc"t`"n gd, n!`nnr`! n!`nnr`! ` c33&`"co&n c33&`"co&n ` tgn rnc& `autry. Qgn cr"g`tn"turn d? O.*.N.+.% tgn ,cy cr`du u`t crn &`'na ca tgn ,cy ,dr'`! d? ,gd&n 3&ct ` "dtrd&&na jc'n tgn tuant rnc&`0n tgct N!`nnr`! ` dt 6ut tru"turc& an"r`3t`d out !rnctnr 3crt ` 3&c`! ca jcc!njnt. $t 3rdna c d33drtu`ty ?dr n"dutnr ,`tg u"g gu!n jc"g`n ,`tg tgn`r  ,dr'`!. Dnrc&& tg` trc``! ` tdtc&&y ct`?c"tdry ?dr jn.

.8 .8 _n?n _n?nrn rn" "n n 8

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Ogcrct *ncy N&n"tr`"c& +`j`tna (8:/). Codut  (8:/). Codut  OGNL  OGNL gtt3=FF,,,.ogn&."djFcodut.3g3 Ogcrct *ncy N&n"tr`"c& +`j`tna (8:/). Codut (8:/). Codut _nsncrig & Anvnldpjnet  gtt3=FF,,,.ogn&."djFcodutVra.3g3 ;`'`3na`c% tgn ?rnn n"y"&d3cna`c (8:/). Codut (8:/). Codut Q@B wnla`eb Orc!`eb nti" gtt3=FFn.,`'`3na`c.dr! Bdd!&n $jc!n (8:/). #cr`dus $`iturns gtt3= $`iturns gtt3=FF,,,. FF,,,.!dd!&n."d.` !dd!&n."d.` Jc"g`n d3nrctdr (An"-8:/). $rdv`an (An"-8:/). $rdv`an v`s`t`eb a`cr% edtns"

84