BIOETHICS IN NURSING PRACTICE
INSTRUCTION: Select the correct correct answer for for each of the the following following questions. questions. Mark only one answer answer for each item y marking the o! corres"on#ing to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet "ro$i#e#. %. It is the ranch ranch of "hiloso"hy "hiloso"hy that that concerns concerns the #istinct #istinction ion etween etween right right an# wrong ase# ase# on a o#y of knowle#ge& knowle#ge& not 'ust ase# on o"inions. (. Mor Morality ). *alues C. )ioethics +. ,thics -. It is the the eha$iour in accor#ance with customs customs or tra#itions& tra#itions& usually usually reflecting "ersonal or religious eliefs. (. Mo Morrality ). *alues C. )ioethics +. ,thics . These are eliefs eliefs an# an# attitu#es attitu#es that may influen influence ce eha$iour eha$iour an# the "rocess "rocess of #ecision #ecision making. making. (. Mor Morality ). *alues C. )ioethics +. ,thics /. It is the systematic systematic stu#y of the morals& morals& $isions& $isions& #ecisions #ecisions&& con#uct an# "olicies "olicies00 of the life sciences sciences an# health health care em"loying a $ariety of ethical metho#ologies in an inter#isci"linary setting. (. Teleo leology logy ). *alues C. )ioethics +. ,thics 1. (s a "rofession "rofessional al nurse nurse an# a memer of the health health care care team& it is im"orta im"ortant nt for the nurse nurse to know the the reasons reasons why we stu#y ethics& ,2C,3T: (. Moral con#uct an# ethical systems& systems& oth of the "ast an# "resent& "resent& must e intelligently intelligently a""raise# a""raise# an# critici4e#. critici4e#. ). 3oint 3oint out out to men men the the true true $alue $alue of life life C. ,thi ,thics cs shoul# shoul# make clear clear to us why an immora immorall act can e 'ustifie 'ustifie#. #. +. (ttem"ts to stimulate the moral moral sense& #isco$er #isco$er the true $alues $alues of life& an# ins"ire men to 'oin in the quest for for these $alues. 5. The follow following ing are are the the res"onsi res"onsiilit ilities ies of of a nurse: nurse: %6 3romotion of 7ealth -6 3re$ention of Illness 6 (lle$iation of Suffering /6 Restoration of 7ealth (. ). C. +.
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8. It is consi#ere# consi#ere# the most fun#ament fun#amental al human human right right.. (. Re Res" s"ec ectt for for 3ers 3erson on ). 9ell0f ell0form orme# e# Consci Conscien ence ce C. Totality +. Stew Stewar ar#s #shi hi" " . (ll of the follow following ing are the the contents contents an# "ro"erti "ro"erties es of the Natural Natural ;aw& ;aw& ,2C,3T ,2C,3T:: (. Uni$ Uni$er erssal ). Ch Chan ange gea ale le C. Oli Olig gator atory y +. Reco Recogn gni4 i4a ale le <. This ethical ethical theory theory is ase# on the the outcome outcome of the action. action. (s long long as the en# or the outcome outcome is goo#& goo#& it is consi#ere# consi#ere# goo#. (. +eonto +eontolog logica icall (""r (""roac oach h B. Teleological (""roach C. Total Totalita itaria rian n (""r (""roac oach h +. ,galit ,galitari arian an (""ro (""roach ach
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%=. +a$i# is a nurse in the me#ical0surgical war#. war#. 7e makes sure that all his actions conform to R( <%8. <%8. This a""roach is calle#: (. +eo +eonto ntolog logica icall (""r (""roac oach h ). Teleo Teleolog logica icall (""r (""roac oach h C. Total Totalita itaria rian n (""r (""roac oach h +. Utilit Utilitari arian an (""ro (""roach ach %%. %%. ,thical ,thical 3rinci"les 3rinci"les are co#es that that #irect or go$ern nursing nursing actions. actions. So it is $ery im"ortant im"ortant for a nurse to e ale to i#entify the #ifferent ethical "rinci"les. It is the res"ect for an in#i$i#ual>s right to self0#etermination. (. 3rinc 3rinci" i"le le of ?us ?usti tice ce ). 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of *eracity racity C. 3ri 3rinc nci" i"le le of (ut (uton onom omy y +. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of @i#eli @i#elity ty %-. Nurse Aian accurately notes e$erything e$erything that ha""ene# to his "atient #uring his shift. shift. Nurse Aian uses the "rinci"le of: (. 3rinc 3rinci" i"le le of ?us ?usti tice ce ). 3ri 3rinci nci"le "le of *erac racity ity C. 3rinc 3rinci" i"le le of (ut (uton onom omy y +. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of @i#eli @i#elity ty %. It is the stu#y to #o what what one has "romise# "romise#.. (. 3rinc 3rinci" i"le le of ?us ?usti tice ce ). 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of *eracity racity C. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of +ou +oule le ,ffe ,ffect ct +. 3ri 3rinci nci"le "le of @i# @i#eli elity ty %/. It is the equitale equitale #istriutio #istriution n of "otential "otential enefits enefits an# tasks& an# #etermini #etermining ng the or#er in which client>s client>s shoul# shoul# e care# for. This "rinci"le is calle#: (. 3ri 3rinc nci" i"le le of ?us ?usti tice ce ). 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of *eracity racity C. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of Susi# Susi#iar iarity ity +. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of @i#eli @i#elity ty %1. 9hen an in#i$i#ual in#i$i#ual is unale unale to hel" himself& himself& a stronger stronger or higher higher entity in the society is calle# to assist assist him. 9hat "rinci"le is eing #e"icte# #e"icte# in this situationB situationB (. 3rinc 3rinci" i"le le of ?us ?usti tice ce ). 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of *eracity racity C. 3ri 3rinci nci"le "le of Su Susi# si#iar iarity ity +. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of +ou +oule le ,ffe ,ffect ct %5. The elief that another another "erson knows what is est est an# can make #ecisions #ecisions for another in#i$i#ual. in#i$i#ual. (. )ene )enefi fice cenc ncee ). (utonomy C. 3a 3ate tern rnal alis ism m +. Info Inform rme# e# Cons Consen entt %8. It refers to a "erson>s right right to choose an# the aility aility to act on that choice. choice. (. (utonomy ). @ree#om C. 3ers 3erson onho hoo# o# +. 7um 7uman +ig +igni nity ty %. If it is an emergency case& who who will #eci#e for the comatose comatose "atient if there are no relati$es relati$es aroun#B (. +octor ). ;awyer C. Nurse +. Nurs Nursee su" su"er er$i $iso sor r %<. If it is an emergency emergency case& someo#y someo#y will #eci#e #eci#e for the comatose comatose "atient "atient when there are no relati$es relati$es aroun#. aroun#. 9hat 9hat "rinci"le is eing use# use# in the situationB situationB (. Totalit ality y ). ;o ;oco co03 03ar aren enti tiss C. Stew Stewar ar# #shi shi" +. +ou +oule le ,ff ,ffec ectt -=. The a#ministration of narcotics narcotics to a #ying "atient is morally 'ustifie# ase# on the following following con#itions: %6 The o""ortunity for recei$ing the sacrament has een gi$en
-6 There is se$ere "ain to e relie$e# 6 +ose is at a thera"eutic le$el /6 ;ife is "rolonge# y its use (. ). C. +.
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-%. 9r 9ritten itten consen consentt is legal when: when: (. the "erson "erson is % % years years ol# ). the consent consent is is secure# secure# withou withoutt force& force& #uress or or coercion coercion C. the "erson "erson is not not un#er un#er the influen influence ce of alcohol alcohol or or #rugs #rugs +. (l (lll of of the the ao ao$e $e --. 9ritten consent consent is $ali# for -/ hours only. only. If a "roce#ure is "ost"one#& secure another consent. (. TRU, ). @(;S, -. The "atient is is consi#ere# the the most im"ortant im"ortant "erson in the hos"ital. (. TRU, ). @(;S, -/. The "rinci"le of Totality Totality is is a""licale to moral moral organisms. (. TRU, ). @(;S, -1. Imminent #anger of #eath means means that #eath "roaly will will occur in the or#inary or#inary course of e$ents within within - weeks. (. TRU, ). @(;S, -5. +oing goo#D shoul# take "rece#ence o$er o$er autonomy e!ce"t for religious religious eliefs. (. TRU, ). @(;S, -8. The nurse hears a client calling calling for hel". The nurse hurries hurries #own the hallway to the client>s client>s room an# foun# foun# a client client lying on the floor. The nurse "erforms a thorough assessment an# assists the client ack on e#. The nurse notifies the "hysician of the inci#ent an# com"letes an inci#ent re"ort. 9hich of the following woul# the nurse #ocument on the inci#ent re"ortB (. The client client was foun# foun# lyi lying ng on the floor floor ). The client client clim clime# e# of of the the si#e si#e rails C. The client client fell fell out out of the e# +. The client client ecame ecame restless restless an# an# trie# trie# to get out out of e# -. The nurse hears a client calling calling for hel". The nurse hurries hurries #own the hallway to the client>s client>s room an# foun# foun# a client client lying on the floor. The nurse "erforms a thorough assessment an# assists the client ack on e#. The nurse notifies the "hysician of the inci#ent inci#ent an# com"letes an inci#ent inci#ent re"ort. 9hat 9hat "rinci"le is eing a""lie#B a""lie#B (. 3ate 3atern rnal alis ism m ). @i#elity C. Coo Coo"era "erattion ion +. *era raccit ity y -<. ( "atient "atient ecame seriously ill after a nurse ga$e him a wrong me#ication. (fter his reco$ery& reco$ery& he files a lawsuit. 9ho is likely to e hel# lialeB (. No one one ecaus ecausee it was was an acci# acci#ent ent ). The nurse C. The The hos" hos"it ital al +. The nu nurse rse an# an# the the hos" hos"ita itall =. ( "atient "atient ecame seriously ill after a nurse ga$e him a wrong me#ication. me#ication. (fter his reco$ery& reco$ery& he files a lawsuit against the nurse an# the hos"ital. 9hat "rinci"leEs is Eare eing talke# aoutB (. @orc @orcee Ma'u Ma'ure re ). Res Res I"sa I"sa ;oqu ;oquit itor or C. Res I"sa I"sa ;oqui ;oquitor tor an# Res"o Res"on#eat n#eat Su"er Su"erior ior +. Res"on#eat Res"on#eat Su"erior Su"erior an# @orce Ma'ure Ma'ure %. FFFFFF is also also calle# The The Co#e of ,thics ,thics for @ili"ino @ili"ino Nurses. (. )ON Resolu Resolutio tion n No. No. /-1 /-1
). )O )ON N Reso Resolu luti tion on No. No. --= --= C. )ON Resolu Resolutio tion n No. %%%%+. )ON Resolu Resolutio tion n No. No. /1< /1< -. Marcella Marcella 'ust "asse# the licensure licensure e!amination e!amination an# was acce"te# as a staff staff nurse in a tertiary hos"ital hos"ital.. One area of com"etency that she must #e$elo" is on ethical res"onsiility. 9hich of the following ethical res"onsiilities is the "rimary res"onsiility res"onsiility of MarcellaB (. 3rom 3romote ote heal health th at at all all cost cost ). Res"ect Res"ect the the in#i$i#u in#i$i#uality ality of "atients "atients C. 3romote 3romote the the image image of the the "rofes "rofessio sion n +. Mainta Maintain in a health healthy y en$iro en$ironm nment ent . ( nurse nee#s assistance assistance transferring a confuse# el#erly "atient "atient to e#. The nurse lea$es the "atient to fin# someone to assist her with the transfer. 9hile the nurse is gone& the "atient falls an# hurt herself. The nurse is at fault ecause she hasn>t: (. "ro"erly "ro"erly e#ucate e#ucate the the "atient "atient aout aout safety safety measures measures ). restra restraine ine# # the "atie "atient nt C. #ocum #ocument ente# e# that that she left left the the "atien "atientt +. arrang arrange# e# for for continu continual al care care of the the "atient "atient /. 9hen nurses accurately& accurately& "rom"tly an# legily #ocument #ocument their care gi$en to "atients& what ethical "rinci"le is the nurse oser$ingB (. @i#elity ). ?ustice C. *era raccit ity y +. Conf Confi# i#en enti tial ality ity 1. 9hen facing an ethical #ilemma& #ilemma& the nurse must rememer rememer the "rinci"le of non0maleficence& non0maleficence& which means: (. )e fai fairr to e$ery e$eryon onee ). (ct in in the the est est intere interest st of of the the "atien "atientt C. Tell the the tru truth th +. +o no no ha harm 5. The following following are elements elements of informe# informe# consent e!ce"t: (. +isc +isclo lossure ure ). *olunt luntar arin ines esss C. Coercion +. (ffo (ffor# r#a ail ilit ity y 8. ( registere# registere# nurse committe# to to the "rinci"le of autonomy autonomy woul# e careful to: to: (. 3ro$i#e the information information an# su""ort su""ort that the "atient nee#s to make #ecisions #ecisions to a#$ance a#$ance his own interests interests ). Treat Treat each "atien "atientt fairly& fairly& trying trying to gi$e e$eryon e$eryonee his or her #ue C. Gee" any "romi "romises ses ma#e to a "atient "atient or anothe anotherr "rofession "rofessional al caregi$er caregi$er +. ($oi# ($oi# causin causing g harm harm to to the the "atient "atient . )eing a "atient "atient a#$ocat a#$ocatee means: means: (. Re"res Re"resenti enting ng the clien client>s t>s $iew"o $iew"oint int to others others ). Tell the the tru truth th C. +o no harm +. +o what what one one has has "rom "romise ise# # <. ( mentally mentally com"etent com"etent a#ult may legally legally refuse treatment treatment if: (. 7e>s fully fully inform informe# e# aout aout his me#ical me#ical con#i con#ition tion ). 7e>s aware aware aout aout the likely likely conse consequenc quences es of his his action action C. It is ase# ase# on on the groun#s groun#s of free#om free#om of religio religion n +. (l (lll of of the the ao ao$e $e /=. Nurse Ral"h takes eneficial actions when when they "erform woun# #ressing changes to "atients "atients an# "ro$i#e emotional su""ort to those who are an!ious or #e"resse#. This is an a""lication of: (. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of Non0 Non0mal malefi eficen cence ce ). 3rinc 3rinci" i"le le of of @i#e @i#eli lity ty C. 3ri 3rinci nci"le "le of )en )enefi eficen cence ce +. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of (uton (utonomy omy /%. Nurse Aian Carlo is aware that gi$ing se#ati$e se#ati$ess an# analgesics analgesics to alle$iate alle$iate "ain in a #ying #ying "atient e$en when these may also shorten the life of the "atient is an a""lication of the: (. 3rinc 3rinci" i"le le of ?us ?usti tice ce ). 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of Susi# Susi#iar iarity ity C. 3ri 3rinci nci"le "le of +ou +oule le ,ffe ,ffect ct
+. 3rinci 3rinci"le "le of Stew Stewar# ar#shi shi" " /-. Nurse Rachel Rachel Ray is aware of her ethical an# legal res"onsi res"onsiili ilities ties as a "rofessio "rofessional nal nurse. nurse. She sees to it that she com"lies with the ethical "rinci"les in the care of her "atients. 9hich of the following "rinci"les a""lies to the action of Rachel to refrain from #iscussing the #isease con#ition of the "atient with those who are not in$ol$e# in his careB (. )ene )enefi fice cenc ncee ). No Non0 n0ma male lefi fice cenc ncee C. ?ustice +. (utonomy /. Mr. )loom is #iagnose# #iagnose# to ha$e acute myocar#ial myocar#ial infarction infarction an# is recommen# recommen#e# e# for a#mission. a#mission. 7e refuses to e a#mitte# an# asks to e transferre# to a tertiary hos"ital instea#. 9hich of the following "rinci"les shoul# Rachel use as a gui#e for her actionB (. (utonomy ). ?ustice C. Non0 Non0ma male lefi fice cenc ncee +. )ene )enefi fice cenc ncee //. She saw the security guar# rea#ing the chart of a meningococcemia meningococcemia sus"ect. 9hich of the following following actions of Rachel woul# e a""ro"riateB (. Te Tell ll him that this is not allowe# for those those not #irectly #irectly in$ol$e# in in the care of the the "atient. ). Re"riman# Re"riman# the the guar# guar# for reach reach of of hos"ital hos"ital "rotocol. "rotocol. C. Inform the su"er$ su"er$isor isor aout what she saw saw.. +. Ignore Ignore this as as this is is not agains againstt hos"ital hos"ital rules. rules. /1. One of the "atients confi#e# confi#e# that his com"anion is not not the legal wife. 9hat 9hat liaility will Rachel Rachel e e!"ose# when she #i$ulge the information to othersB (. ;iel ). Slan#er C. )re )reach ach of Con Confi# fi#ent ential iality ity +. (ssault /5. In the human "erson& the "art #oes #oes not e!ist for the whole an# therefore& therefore& the goo# of the "art is unsuor#inate# unsuor#inate# to the the goo# of the whole. (. TRU, ). @(;S, /8. Trans"lanting Trans"lanting organs from one li$ing "erson to another another is ethically acce"tale "ro$i#e# the following following criteria are met: %6 There is a serious nee# on the "art of the reci"ient that cannot e fulfille# in any other wayH -6 The #onor>s consent is free an# informe#H 6 The risk taken y the #onor as an act of charity is not "ro"ortionate to the goo# resulting for the reci"ientH /6 The functional integrity of the #onor as a human "erson will not e im"aire#H 16 The reci"ients for the scarce organs are selecte# 'ustly. 'ustly. (. %& -& / ). %& -& 1 C. %& -& 1 +. (ll (ll of of the the ao ao$e $e /. Organ #onation #onation coul# e ma#e to #onors who are alrea#y rain #ea#. (. TRU, ). @(;S, /<. The criteria for Cessation of )rain @unction @unction inclu#e: inclu#e: %6 Irre$ersile comaH -6 No s"ontaneous res"iration an# no res"onse to a"nea test for 5 minH 6 (sence of the following rain stem refle!es: "u"illary& "u"illary& corneal& gag an# caloric testH /6 No mo$ement (. ). C. +.
% only %& -& %& -& / (ll (ll of of the the ao ao$e $e
1=. ,thics comes from the Areek wor#& wor#& JmoralisJ which means moral #uty. #uty. (. TRU, ). @(;S,
