1
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TOURISM & TRAVEL MANAGEMENT
PROJECT REPORT ON ³EFFECTIVENESS OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE´
CADBURY INDIA LTD. MALANPUR
[2009-2011] SUBMITTED BY: Anuradha Pachauri Roll No. 2094006 PGDM (IB) III SEM IITTM (BHUBNESHWER)
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents
Certificate From Guide Acknowledgements Executive Summary
Chapter 1: The Company Company Profile Chapter 2: The Project Purpose & scope of study Methodology Chapter 3: Collection & Analysis of Data Data Collection Data Analysis Chapter 4: Company profile Conclusion Constraints & Limitation Recommendation
Appendices & Annexure Bibliography
Page No.
3
CERTIFICATE FROM GUIDE
This is to certify that Mr. / Ms. IITTM
of
Roll no
has under taken the project titled´
under
My guidance from project commencement date to project finishing date at name of the organization where project done.
Organization Seal
External Guide¶s full Signature Designation
Internal Guide¶s Full Signature
4
DECLARATION
I Anuradha Pachauri student of Indian Institute of Tourism & Travel Management hereby declare that project entitled ³Employee welfare´ in Cadbury India Ltd.; MALANPUR is based on my finding and is originally in nature.
I also declare that all information gathered by me during the course of the project at CADBURY INDIA LTD MALANPUR will be kept strictly disclosed without the prior written content of CADBURY INDIA LTD MALANPUR.
ANURADHA PACHAURI
5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a matter of great privilege and honor for me to undertake summer training at Cadbury India Limited. I take an opportunity to express my thankful regards to Miss
Chandrika Joshi (H.R. officer) passing on to me the opportunity to conduct the project,
her valuable experience and guidance aided me through the preparation of this project. I also feel gratified to all the employees of C adbury India limited , to anyhow contribute for the successful completion of my projecttion of this project.
I also feel gratified to all the employees of CADBURY INDIA LTD MALANPUR, to anyhow contribute for the successful completion of my project.
Anuradha Pachauri
Management¶s basic job is the effective utilization of human resources for achievements of organizational objectives. The personnel management is concerned with organizing human resources in such a way to get maximum output to the enterprise and to develop the talent of people at work to the fullest satisfaction. Motivation implies that one person, in organization organization context a manager, includes another, say an employee, to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy those needs and aspirations becomes available to the person. In addition to this, the strong needs in a direction that is satisfying to the latent needs in employees and harness them in a manner that would be functional for the organization. Employee motivation is one of the major issues faced by every organization. It is the major task of every manager to motivate his subordinates or to create the µwill to work¶ among the subordinates. It should also be remembered that a worker may be immensely capable of doing some work; nothing can be achieved if he is not willing to work. A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Hence this studies also focusing on the employee motivation among the employees of C adbury India Limited.
6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I have made my HR term paper on the company Cadbury entitled EMPLOYEE WELFARE. I would suggest to Cadbury various schemes & facilities for employee¶s welfare. In the entire term paper I have tried to cover all the major topics related to Cadbury (Employee Welfare). The main topics that I have covered for launching of Cadbury in India. Beginning with the brief introduction of the Cadbury then the analysis, scope of study & purpose, quality policies, health & safety, environment policies & the employee welfare policies also include which the main objective of my project. After the accomplishment of the product development i.e. Chocolate and commercializing it; the next before me was to decide the segment and the target market and the strategies for the positioning of the product. The marketing mix of chocolate was decided under the various stages of product life cycle. This was done in advanced so as to be prepared for the tough competition in market. Next was the advertisement and selling of the product and the last was to make a distribution channel of network for the effective selling of chocolate in the market. The last is the findings, conclusion, suggestion, recommendation & limitations of my term paper so as to get a brief idea of the project and the. The last two pages are the Bibliography, Appendices & Annexure including questionnaire. I have now concluded my executive summary for my project.
7
CHAPTER - I ³THE COMPANY´
8
INTRODUTION
Chocolate is not only one of the principle ingredients used by the confectioner but its widely enjoyed flavor properties make it a favorite of bakers, ice-cream and other manufactures. In its many form, chocolate may be consumed as a beverage, syrup, a flavoring, coating or a confection in itself. What is a chocolate?
Cocoa beans are carefully and roasted to get the distinct cocoa flavor. An optimum blends milk sugar and cocoa, chocolate to its favorite chocolate taste. To eliminate the harsh noted of raw cocoa flavor, liquid chocolates conceived for hours till a refined round flavor is obtained. Cadbury has a unique milk/crumb making process in which milk, sugar and cocoa liquor are cooked together for about 7 hours to develop the unique CDM which one could not find in the continental chocolates. Also we have trained taste panels at every & comply with the Cadbury quality standard. The second unique features about chocolates are its ³fat-blend´. Common fats have a range of melting temp. Rather than well defined melting point. Cocoa butter derived from cocoa beans a carefully tempered cocoa butter is absolute solid at ambient temp. But melts quickly at body temp; this imparts a rich mouth feel to the chocolate & assist in immediate release of flavor notes as soon as we put a block of chocolate on your tongue. Last but the most important feature of the chocolate is the ³smoothness & uniform melted has on our tongue´.
9
HISTORY
A chocolate product originally prepared by the native of Central America, until the early 1800s, the only product was a very fatty chocolate drink prepared from the whole cocoa beans, sugar and spices. In 1828, Van-Houten Holland invented the cocoa press, which removed parts of the cocoa fat from the bean, resulting in a powder with about 23% fat. This made the drink easier to prepare & digest. At the same time, the natural fat, cocoa-butter, was released, making it possible to produce a fluid chocolate that could be moulded & also used to cover other confectionary products, during the 1840, fry & later Cadbury, made chocolate bars. Another major development was the invention of milk chocolate by Daniel peters of Switzerland in 1876. The ground cocoa nib was processed with sugar & milk solids & the result was developed in the early days, the processing of milk for chocolate needed a method that would ensure the development of flavor & good shelf life. For it Cadbury developed the CRUMB process. In the U.S. Hershey & chocolate are synonymous.
10
INTRODUCTION TO CONFECTION
Confection (i.e. candy) can be divided into two broad categories: those in which sugar is the principle ingredient & which are based on chocolate. Differences in sugar-based the candies depend largely on manipulation the sugar to achieve special textural effects. This is accomplishing primarily by controlling the proceeding state of the sugar & sugar moisture ratio. Examples of sugar type confections include nougats, fondants, caramels, toffees & jellies. Examples of chocolate-based confection chocolate-covered confection, including milk products, egg white, food acids, gums, starches, ats, emulsifiers, flavors, nuts, fruits, & others are used in candy-making. Chocolate is not only one of the principle ingredients used by the confectioners. But its widely enjoyed flavor properties make it a favorite material of bakers, ice-cream producers and other food manufacturers. In its many forms, chocolate may be consumed as a beverage, syrup, a flavoring, a coating, or a confection in itself. It , therefore warrants brief consideration before proceeding with some of the processing practices of the confectionery manufacturer.
11
GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY
Cadbury international began as one man venture in Birmingham, UK in 1824, a young entrepreneur john Cadbury set-up a shop in Birmingham to sell, among other things, a cocoa concoction of his own. Form such modest beginnings; it has grown to be the leading manufacturer of food, beverages and confectionery in the UK. It has revolutionized eating habits worldwide and the name. Cadbury has become synonymous with cocoa products in many countries. Cadbury Schweppes employs people the around the world over and has 50principle, subsidiary and associated companies in 21 countries. In India Cadbury was set up as a trading in 1947 and gradually began in a small way by processing of imported chocolates and bourn-vita at colaba Mumbai. In 1948 the company was incorporated as Cadbury fry (India) private limited. In 1956, the operations were shifting from colaba to Cadbury house. The first India manufactured chocolates & bourn vita moved out of Cadbury house in 1956, with further growth entire operations ware moved to our new locations at Thane. They now have manufacturing facilities at other location such as Induri, Malanpur, and some other third party units.
12
CADBURY IN INDIA
Cadbury was set-up as a trading concern in India in 1947 and gradually began in a small way by processing of imported chocolates and bourn vita at Colaba Mumbai. In 1948 the company was incorporated as Cadbury fry (India) private limited. In 1956, the operations were shifting from colaba to Cadbury house. The first India manufactured chocolates & bourn vita moved out of Cadbury house in 1956, with further growth entire operations ware moved to our new locations at Thane. Today Cadbury ltd is a 51% subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes and employs around the 2050 people throughout the country. We now have owned manufacturing facilities in Thane (Mamba), Induri (Pune), and Malanpur (Gwalior).
13
CADBURY CULTURE
³WE MAKE PEOPLE BEFORE CHOCOLATE´
Cadbury believes in the following practices: Openness: - By
sharing information, ideas & acceptance adverse feedback constructively, by allowing easy accessibility.
Initiative: - By being a self starter, by seeking simple structure & solutions to
problems.
Commitment: - by aligning personal goals & directing energies towards achieving
Cadbury objective.
a ll dealings & facing issues separately. Integrity: - By being honest in all
Team spirit: - By working harmoniously with colleagues & contribute significantly
of team effort.
Discipline: - By following company policies & practices, adhering to expected
standards of behavior and conduct.
Equality: - By treating all employees, irrespective of their designation with respect
and dignity. By considering all important. By having common welfare facilities like uniform, canteen, transport etc.
14
LIFE FULL OF CADBURY
Cadbury is an organization which impact and interacts with the consumers:c onsumers: Cadbury is present in most happy occasion in the life of our consumers. Our brands excite our consumers. Cadbury is an expression of a consumer¶s life.
CADBURY FULL OF LIFE
Cadbury is a fun and a nd energizing workplace. Cadbury is a robust and alive.
c ompany is vibrant. Cadbury as a company
OBJECTIVE
Deliver Superior Shareowner Returns
15
MAJOR COMPETITORS
These are the major competitors of Cadbury India ltd. In the field of chocolate: Nestle Amul Britania Campco
The company has monopoly in Gems.
MAJOR CUSTOMER
Almost every human being whether children, teenager, adult or an old person like chocolates and come into the list of customers. Gems are most favoring among children because of its attractive colors. Perk is popular among young ones, whereas Dairy Milk is preferred by all age groups.
16
PURPOSE & VALUES
Cadbury is an international company and is proud of their long heritage respectful of the social and natural environment in which they operate, supportive of their consumers, customers and colleagues and passionate about success. They will make market and sell unique brands which give or bring pleasure to millions of customers around the world every day. Cadbury express their core purpose in following way.
WORKING TOGETHER TO CREATE BRANDS PEOPLE LOVE
They have done this successfully for over the years. This success has been built upon understanding the needs of their consumers, customers and other stake holders and by operating to a clearly defined set of values. Their statement of purpose & values provides a clear framework for their strategic intent and how they will conduct our business. Their objective is to consistently deliver superior shareowners returns. Cadbury Schweppes submitted to the standard of corporate governance and corporate & social responsibility throughout the globe.
17
MALANPUR FACTORY PRODUCTS RANGE
These are as following:
Intermediate
Liquid milk chocolate
Panned chocolate
Gems
5-star
Perk
Ultra perk
Éclairs
18
MALANPUR VALUES
There are elements in which Malanpur has to be the best. This does not mean that it ignores the other areas, which are central operating values, in which Malanpur has to excel. They are: Quality Hygiene Productivity Material efficiency System
These values are stressed at other factories located at Thane, Induri & Bangalore also.
19
QUALITY CONTROL ASPECTS
For regular implementation of the values Cadbury Schweppes has laid down the policies and guidelines, which are diligently observed by the company. These are:-
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
HACCP PREREQUISITES RISK MANAGEMENT QUALITY POLICY SAFETY POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
20
HACCP GRAPH
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
HACCP FOOD QUALITY ASSURANCE
FOOD HYGIENE
21
INTRODUCTION
The main features of HACCP are as following:
y y y y
Hazard analysis and critical control point system. Powerful safety management technique adopted worldwide. Structured, preventive system. Safety through Hazard identification and control. c ontrol.
MANUFACTURERS
BENEFITS:-
The following are the benefits of HACCP
y y y y y y y y
Systematic consistent approach. More preventive. Less reactive. Increased cost effectiveness. Focus of resources to critical areas. Complements other management system. International acceptance. Complies with law.
22
23
CONSUMERS
Definition of Hazard
A biological, chemical or physical agent in or condition of food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect.
HACCP Principles
o o o o o o o
Conduct a Hazard analysis. Determine critical control points. Establish critical limits. Establish a CCP monitoring system. Establish corrective action procedure. Establish verification procedure. Establish documentation and records.
24
STEPS OF HACCP
Sazztep 1:-
Construct a process flow diagramy y y
Outline what happens to food from start to finish. Shows how all the steps in the process inter-relate. Numbers each step for ease of reference.
Step 2:-
For each process stepsy y
Identified all the food safety Hazards that may occur at that step. Categorize each Hazard into microbial, chemical & physical.
Step 3:y y y
y y
Identify HAZARDS that are critical to food safety. Identify a CONTROL MEASURE for each hazard. Set CRITICAL LIMITS on the hazard, i.e. values outside which a hazard may occur. Define a MONITORING PROCEDURE to measure the critical limits. Define a CORRECTIVE ACTION in the event that the monitoring procedure picks up a value outside the critical c ritical limit.
25
26
IMPLEMENTATION
The main implementation of HACCP are as following;y y y y y y
HACCP training to all employees. HACCP manual developed. CCP monitoring identified & started. Control points identified & started. HACCP plan review. Certification Audit in April 2005.
27
PREREQUISITES y
y
Pre- requisites are the support system or programmed that must be in place before implementation of HACCP & effective QMS like metal control, personal hygiene etc. Pre- requisites control the general & repetitive Hazards occurs during process. The specific Hazards and quality risk are taken care through HACCP plan.
28
PRE-REQUISTE PROGRAMMES Clothing:y y y y
All staff should wear well CLEANED protective, covering, captive footwear. No external pockets, buttons and use metal poppers or Velcro if required. Cover head or facial hair by nets or full caps and snood. Protective clothing strictly to contractors and visitors a s well.
Jewelry:y y y
No jewelry like stone ring, chain and ear ring is allowed except for a plain ring. No Kalawa, Rakhi, Wrist Band, & watches is allowed. Apply policy strictly to contractors and visitors as a s well.
Medical requirement:-
Medical check-up and screening programs of the entire food handler as per national legislation are as followingy y
y
y y
Visitor¶s health screening using questionnaire. Person suffering with contagious disease need not work direct food contact areas. Diarrhea/Dysentery and other food borne infections infected skin wounds/conjunctivitis. Cut and wounds to be covered with waterproof contain metal detectable strips. Fitness certificate after long illness (more than 3 days).
Personal Hygiene:y y y y
All the time hand washing while entering the plant. Hand washing with antibacterial soap and warm water as per SOP. Hand sanitizing with using IPA or other sanitizers. Cleaning of hand in between the work or while completion of debagging etc.
29
Equipments & Plant Cleaning:-
We should havey y
y y y
Cleaning schedule for all the process equipments. Updated cleaning procedure to be available (defined criteria e.g. CIP times, chemical strengths, temperature etc. Cleaning record or verification of cleaning. cleanin g. Environmental cleaning. Cleaning schedule/ procedure/ check sheet/ verification for all the environment.
y
Factory housekeeping:y
y
y y
y
Procedures for identification, segregation, protection, storage (Rework, WIP storage). Material handling (FIFO principles, OFF the floor, usage of standard trays & poly bags for rework, waste etc.). Have clear separation of high risk/ low risk material (R W material FG/PM). 5 S maintenance on line (cleanliness, defined place, identification, removal unwanted item). Environment (no paint peel off, dampness, adequate lighting).
Pest management:-
Adequate proofing of plant to prevent entry ofy y y
Insect, flies, cockroaches, moths. Rodents (mice, rats etc.). Birds (pigeons, sparrows, starlings etc.).
The main measures are:y y y y y y y
Maintain high standards of housekeeping. Discourage pest presence around whole site. Protection of entry points in buildings through doors strips curtains, ne tting etc. Pest treatment as per pest control programs. Monitoring for presence of pest through. Routine inspection. Technical audits.
30
QUALITY POLICY
BUSINESS VISSION:-
We will continue to maintain our leadership position in the Indian confectionary market as well as achieve a strong national presence in the food drink section.
QUALITY VISSION:y
y
y
y
We will provide products of international quality at competitive prices that offer superior value for money. We will build standard and systems for every facet of our business that affects the quality of our products assure consistency. We will strive to maintain highest standards of hygiene and quality in our operation and dedicate ourselves to continuous improvement in the same. We will encourage involvement of our endeavors.
BEST MANUFACTURING PRACTICES:-
We will continuously strive to implement the best manufacturing practices and improve upon them to deliver satisfaction to our customers.
CO-MARKETS:-
We will collaborate in the spirit of partnership, with our values, franchisees and trade in all aspects relating to quality, R&D, technical and managerial inputs. This will be done to improve quality and value to the products we deliver to our customers.
31
HEALTH & SAFETY
Cadbury India Limited is committed to ensuring the health and safety of all persons involved in its operations. These include our employees, contractors and their employees and visitors to our sites. Cadbury India Limited will strive to improve health and safety throughout its operations by encouraging the active participation of all a ll our employees, contractor and visitors in the identification, assessment, and elimination or management of Hazards and risk, through use of appropriate technologies, systems and best business practices. All employees, contractors and visitors have legal duty and responsibility in ensuring that this health and safety policy is adhered to and all safety arrangement are complied with. Cadbury India¶s health and safety policy is further expressed in the following key commitmentsy y y y y y
y y y y y
Comply with relevant national health and safet y legislation. Keep up to date with developments in health and safety. Identify and assess all significant risk to health and safety. Eliminate or introduce measures to adequately control these risks. Put in place appropriate health safety policies and procedures. Provide adequate resources to ensure our policies and procedures are implemented. Involve and consult with our employee. Ensure all employees are informed of our policies and procedures. Provide effective training to all employees and other under our control. Ensure all employees comply with our policies and procedures. Continually improve our health and safety performance.
32
ENVIRONMENT POLICY
It is also an integral part of achieving our objective to grow shareowner value over the long term. When the long term is taken into account what¶s good for the environment is also good for consumers and good for business. They willy
y y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
Conduct their business in compliances with environmental laws and with their guidelines, which set global standards for our operation. Maintain systems to manage our environmental responsibilities. Set clear target for continuous improvement and monitor these targets to ensure that they are met. Establish and enable employee accountability for their environmental performance. Strive to prevent pollution and to minimize the environmental costs and impacts of their global operations. Assess the impact of new operations and products and seek ways to contribute positively to their environmental performance. Train and motivate their employee to understand their environmental responsibilities and to actively support their environmental pro grammes. Work with their supply chain and business partners to improve their collective environmental performance, to protect the ecosystem that provide raw materials and minimize the impacts from transportation. Communicate openly with their shareowners, employees, customers and other interested parties by regularly on our commitments and our progress towards meeting them. Review and update this policy regularly.
33
CHAPTER II ³THE PROJECT´
34
PURPOSE
EMPLOYEE WELFARE
Welfare includes anything that is done for the comfort and improvement of employees and is provide over and above the wages. Welfare helps in keeping the morale and motivation of the employees high so as to retain the employees for longer duration. The welfare measures need not be in monetary terms only but in any kind/forms. Employee welfare includes monitoring of working wor king condition, creation of industrial harmony through infrastructure for health, industrial relation and insurance against disease, accident and unemployment for the workers and their families. Labor welfare entails all those activities of employer which are directed towards providing the employees with certain facilities and services in addition to wages or salaries. Objective:-
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
It helps to improve recruitment. It improves the morale and loyalty of workers by making them happy and satisfied. It reduces labor turnover and absenteeism. absenteeis m. It helps to increase employee productivity or efficiency by improving the physical and mental health. Improvement in material, intellectual and cultural condition of life protects workers from social evils. It helps to improve industrial relation and industrial peac e. Welfare measures help to improve the goodwill and public image of enterprise.
Features:y
y
y y
y y
It is a comprehensive term including various services, facilities and amenities provided to employees for their betterment. better ment. It is dynamic concept varying from country to country and from region to region within same country. It is flexible and ever changing chan ging concepts. Welfare measures are in addition to regular wages and other economic benefits available to employees until legal provision pro vision and collective bargaining. It is an essential part of social welfare. It is also known as fringe benefits and services.
35
LABOR WELFARE OFFICER
According to the factories act in every factory wherein 500 or more workers are ordinary employed the occupiers shall employee in the factory such number of welfare officer as may be prescribed. The state government may prescribe the duties, qualifications and condition of service of such officer. Qualifications:y y
y
A university degree. Degree or Diploma in social service or social welfare from a recognized institution. Adequate knowledge of the language spoken by the majority of the workers in the area where the factory is situated.
Duties:y y y y y
Supervisor Counselor Advising Manager Establishing Liaison with management Working with management and outside public.
36
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
As learning is a human activity and is as natural, as breathing. Despite of the fact that learning is all pervasive in our lives, psychologists do not agree on how learning takes place. How individuals learn is a matter of interest to marketers. They want to teach consumers in their roles as their roles as consumers. They want consumers to learn about their products, product attributes, potential consumers benefit, how to use, maintain or even dispose of the product and new ways of behaving that will satisfy not only the consumer¶s needs, but the marketer¶s objectives. The scope of my study restricts itself to the analysis of consumer preferences, perception and consumption of Cadbury Chocolates. There are many other brands of chocolates available but my study is limited to a major player of chocolates leaving behind the others. The scope of my study is also restricts itself to Gwalior region only. WELFARE ACTIVITIES
Head of the factory provide some extra facilities to their employees by which they can improve their skills and the results of these things come in from of risk in productivity. With the help of this company increase their profits. Government also provides some rules and guidelines for the welfare of employees.
WELFARE MEASURES UNDER ACT ³FACTORY ACT 1948´ WASHING FACILITIES:-
Section 42 provides that factory should provide washing facility to each and every worker including women employees. There should be separate washing facilities to women. Section 42 (1) tells about these measures-
y y y
Adequate and suitable washing facilities for the employees should be provided. There should be different washing rooms for male and female. These facilities should be easy to carry and kept clean.
37
FACILITIES FOR SITTING:-
In each factory there employee have standing work there also should be provided suitable and sufficient sitting arrangement which employee can take rest at the time of free during their course of work and feel fresh. The state government also gave the notification to all the factories about their sitting facilities. FACILITIES FOR STORING & DRYING:-
There extra place should be provided for the drying and storing of clothes.
38
FIRST AID APPLIANCES:-
The act also provides first aid appliances to the employees. According to the section 45y
y
y
In every factory there should be provision for first aid appliance during the working hours. It should not be less than one for every 150 workers employed in a factory. This section provides that nothing except the prescribed contents shall be kept in the first aid box. Each first aid box should be kept under the charge of serrate person having certificate in the first aid treatment that shell always be available during the working hours.
CANTEEN:-
In each factory where 250 or more than 250 workers are employed there one canteen must be provided for the refreshment of workers. Section 46 authorized the state government to make rules in such respect:The date by which the canteen shall be provided. The standards in respect of construction, accommodation, furniture and other equipments. The food staff to be served in there in and the change which may be made their off. The constitution of managing committee for the canteen representation of the workers in the management of the company. The items of the expenditure in the running the canteen should borne by the employer. The delegation of the power to make rules to the chief inspector. y y
y
y
y
y
CRECHES:-
In each factory where women employees are worked there crèches should be provided for their children. Section 48 tells about this rule and state government also made some guidelines about it. y
y y y
Prescribing location the standards in respect of construction, accommodation, furniture other equipment should be provided. Additional facilities also should be provided to infants. Provide them milk, fruits and other baby food products. For giving facility to the mothers of the children to feed them in necessary time period.
39
WELFAE OFFICER:-
In every factory where more than 500 workers are worked together there should be appointed a welfare officer. The state governments tell about the qualification, duties, responsibilities and condition of a welfare officer. The provision of this section applied to those sugar factories where more than 500 employees are employed.
WELFARE
ACTIVITIES AT CADBURY INDIA LTD MALANPUR
MEDICAL FECILITIES:y y
y
y
Doctors are appointed for the proper medical checkup once in a year. All the employees are subject to go through a medical checkup at the time of joining the factory as well as yearly. The company provides first aid room with an attendant for 24 hours. In addition employees are well trained on first aid. There is a medical assistant is also available which is a retired medical officer of the army.
CANTEEN FACILITY:-
There is a well furnished and fully equipped canteen is available for the officers, employees and for trainees also. Some other things are as followingy
y
y
Free canteen is a statuary requirement under the factory act 1948. But in Cadbury it is 100% subsidized. Company provides breakfast, lunch, dinner and tea, coffee and cold drink (acc to season) for their employees as well as for visitors also. Food and other eatables are made under the strict hygiene condition. A canteen managing committee consisting the representatives of both officer as well as union leader is also construct. A separate room and attendant is provided by the company to serve the tea, coffee and other things to who required. These facilities are also provided to the visitors and trainee also.
40
ALLOWANCES:-
The main allowances which are provided by Cadbury are as followingy
y y
y
CONVEYANCE there is bus and cabs are provided to the employees for their comfort. These facilities made under the consideration of employee welfare. ALLOWANCES are fixed for the operators and other according to their grade. EDUCATION ALLOWANCE as per grace of the employees. Different cultural activities are also conducted in the Cadbury for the children of employee. MEDICAL ALLOWANCES are 5% of gross for those who don¶t comes under the ESI scheme.
TRANSPORT FACILITY:-
Company provides buses and cab facility for communicating between Gwalior and factory. Two buses are available for the different routes in all there shifts. AMENITY BLOCK:-
Before entering in the production area every employees has to take bath and get well dressed which are provided by the company. Employees are expected to maintained good personal hygiene as per company policy. CIL also provides toilets, bathrooms (separate for men & women). There are always clean, ventilated and has well lighting system. UNIFORM:y
y y
CIL provided the uniform for every worker. Uniform includes two set of pant and shirts per year two every worker. One pair of shoes. One sweater in winter.
DRINKING WATER:-
In CIL pure water is available for 24 hours.
41
CELEBRATIONS
There are several day which are celebrated in Cadbury. The main days are as followingy y y y y y y
th
Cadbury day (7 may) th Family day (17 spet) th Safety day (4 march) Environment day (5 th june) th Independent day (15 aug ) th Republic day (26 jan) Sports & various events
CADBURY DAY:-
All the employees celebrate this day with their colleagues & their families. The main attraction of this day is painting competition which is held between the children of employees. The prize is distributed later on the family day. FAMILY DAY:-
It is of the major events of the factory. This celebration is a get together of all th the employees with their families. It is celebrated on 17 sep. every year. This event is marked with giving of the prizes of various competitions in cultural programs. Finally, the celebration ends with a grand family dinner. SAFETY DAY:th
Every year 4 march National safety day is observed as an important day in CII« OTHER FACILITES:-
Some other facilities provided by Cadbury India Ltd .To the employees such as: y y y
Housing loan interest subsidy. Widow pension scheme. Provident found scheme @12% of company c ompany contribution
42
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Objective:-
1. To understand the whole welfare measures process of Cadbury India Ltd. 2. To study the effectiveness of welfare measures in Cadbury India Gwalior region
Research Design:-
1. Population: - All the employees of Cadbury Ca dbury India Ltd. Gwalior. 2. Sampling Frame: - Cadbury India Ltd. 3. Sampling Element: - Individual Respondents. 4. Sample Size :- 10 Respondents Data Collection Method:-
Self designed questionnaire on a numeric scale of 1 to 5; Where 1 will indicate strongly Disagree & 5 will indicate Strongly Agree.
43
CHAPTER III ³COLLECTION & ANALYSIS OF DATA´
44
DATA COLLECTION
Research is based upon various types of information. It is not possible without different kinds of information. In order to carry out research successfully; information should be gathered from the proper sources. The more valid is the source of information, the more reliable are conclusions. Different types of information.
KINDS OF DATA y
y
PRIMARY DATA: - it is the actual information which is received by researcher for study from the actual field of research. These data are attained by means of questionnaire and schedules. In some fields primary data are collected through interview and observation methods. The observation method, for collecting primary data, may be both participant and non-participant. Such data are known as primary because they are attained by researcher from the field of research directly and for the first time. Primary data are generally attained through observation such as the life of the group, traditions and customs and differently aspects of daily life. Participant observation sometimes unravels such primary data which cannot be known by any other means.
DATA: - It is the information which is attained indirectly. The researcher does not attain them directly. Such data are gathered from published and unpublished material. Secondary data are gathered from the information collected from the individuals and institutions through personal diaries; letters and survey documents etc. The secondary data again, are gathered through two types of sources. The first source are the public documents such as books, manuscripts, records, census reports of surveys by private institutions and various information published in newspapers and magazines.
DARY SECON
45
TYPES OF DATA
PRIMARY DATA
SECONDARY DATA
DATA COLLECTION
RCE OF DATA COLLEC TI TI ON SOU ON 1. Primary data:-
Direct observation
Questionnaire
2. Secondary data:-
Cadbury Manuals.
46
WHAT IS QUESTIONNAIRE?
Questionnaire is a printed list of questions gives to respondents to be returned by the respondents after filling up the questionnaire. ³Fundamentally, the questionnaire is asset of stimuli to which literate people are exposed in order to observe their verbal beha vior under these stimuli´ -G.A. Lundberg
In the questionnaire, as the name indicates, there is a set of selected questions whose answers, the researcher seeks from respondents in order to gain knowledge about certain specified matter. Since, the questionnaire has to be answered after reading it; it is obvious that a questionnaire can be addressed only to literate people. A second feature of the questionnaire which has been emphasized by W.J. Goode and P.K. Hatt is the fact that responses to a questionnaire have to be made by respondents themselves. ³In general the word questionnaire refers to a device for securing answers to questions by using a form which the respondents re spondents fill in him´ -W.J. Goode & P.K. Hatt
Since the questionnaire can be given to a restricted number of individuals, its scope is rather limited; but within its limited scope it can prove to be the most effective means of eliciting information, provided, however, that it is well formulated and the respondents fill in their genuine responses.
47
CRITERION OF APPRORIATENESS
Regarding the qualities and features which make questionnaire an effective instrument of research and help to elicit maximum information, W.J. Goode and P.K. Hatt have enumerated the following factors: 1. The type of information required: - In the field of social research, the usefulness and effectiveness of the questionnaire is determined by the kind of information sought. Not every type of information can be elicited through it. A questionnaire which will consume more than 10 to 20 minutes is unlikely to be responded well. Therefore, an appropriate questionnaire should contain only that number of questions which can be easily filled in 10 to 20 minutes. Moreover, the question should be exact and capable of clear-cut replies. Some research workers have found that if the responses are better if the names of the information remain anonymous. By allowing the respondents to remain anonymous, the information can be had. If the questionnaire of this type is prepared with caution, the respondents disclose their identity.
2. The type of the information reached: - a good deal depends upon the types of respondents covered by the questionnaire. The experience tells us that all types of individual cannot be good respondents. There are many who would rather consign the questionnaire to w.p.b. than waste their over it. Only literate and socially conscious individuals would give any consideration to questionnaire. Everybody does not realize the importance and usefulness of social research. Only those who appreciate the value of social research are likely to be good respondents. Most of all, the respondents must be of the type who is competent to answer the kind of questions contained in a particular questionnaire. Besides literary persons, the persons belonging to upper strata of society are unlikely to be goods respondents. They are either too preoccupied or are sophisticated to feel any interest in the filling up of a questionnaire. However, certain types of questionnaire about bio-data for inclusion in whom, everyone receiving such a questionnaire will promptly fill it up.
48
49
3. The Accessibility of Respondents: - The chief merit of the questionnaire is that by its means a large number of scattered respondents are contacted easily and cheaply.
4. The precision of the hypothesis: - Whether the questionnaire is appropriate for the research which he wishes to verify. The researcher must frame his questions in such a manner that they elicit responses needed to verify the hypothesis. As a precaution, the realism of the hypothesis should be tested by interview.
5. Question Content: - Question content is first and foremost dictated by the investigative questions guiding the study. From these questions, questionnaire designers craft or borrow the target and classification questions that will be asked of participants¶. Four questions, covering numerous issues, guide the instrument designer in selecting appropriate questions content:
y
Should this question be asked (does it much the study objective)?
y
Is the question of proper scope and coverage?
y
Can the participant adequately answer this question was asked?
y
Will the participant willingly answer this question wa s asked?
50
6. Question wording: - It is frustrating when people misunderstand a question that has been painstakingly written. This problem is partially due to lack of a shared vocabulary. The difficulty of understanding long and complex sentences or involved phraseology aggravates the problem further. Our dilemma arises from the requirements of question design. All contribute to longer and more involved sentences. While it is impossible to say which wording of a question is best, we can point out several areas that cause participant confusion and measurement error. The diligent question designer will put a survey question through many revisions before it satisfies the criteria.
y
Is the question stated in terms of a shared vocabulary?
y
Does the question contain vocabulary with a single meaning?
y
Does the question contain unsupported or misleading assumptions?
y
Does the question contain biased biase d wording?
y
Is the question correctly personalized?
y
Are adequate alternatives presented within the question?
51
FORMULATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE
From the above discussion it is clear that the success depends largely on the skill and insight with which the lists of questions are formulated. These questions must be unequivocal and easily intelligible. The following considerations should be kept in mind while formulating a questionnaire: 1. Appeal: - Attached with every questionnaire is an appeal in which the aim and purpose of the questionnaire is an appeal in which the aim and purpose of questionnaire is set forth and sincere cooperation of the respondents is sought. The appeal should be short, clear and direct, establishing the genuineness of the research and its utility for all concerned. The long and wordy appeals tax the patience of the respondents. Through the appeal must be short, it must cover the following points without fail: I) The appeal must state clearly the individuals or organizations undertaking the research. If the research is government aided the fact should be clearly mentioned. The quality of paper and printing is quite an important consideration. If the proper is of superior quality and printing and get up of high order, respondents feel inclined to take interest in it. Shabby and defective printing act as disincentive. II) The appeal should set forth in clear terms the aim and purpose of the proposed study and also the benefits likely to accrue from it. Usually the heading or title of research is self explanatory. As, for example. ³The breakdown of joint family in urban areas´ but if some further explanation is necessary it must be given. III) The appeal should make clear, why is it important for the respondents to fill it up. The respondents should be motivated and make to realize the validity and utility of the research project. Sometimes some monetary incentives are also given. But as a rule this is not enough to produce a real interest. The working of appeal should be such that an interest is created among the respondents. It may be helpful if the respondent is told that his contribution is likely to make difference in the world knowledge and he can feel proud to be a factor in the promotion of knowledge. Depending upon the nature of research and the availability of funds, many ways can be found to motivate the respondents.
52
IV)
Another method of making the appeal effective is an offer to the respondent that their names will be kept anonymous, and that all steps will be taken to ensure that one comes to know anything about them.
The precaution is necessary where information about private life or income is required. 2. Instruction for filling up the questionnaire: Besides an appeal, the questionnaire must carry a list of instructions for filling it up and dispatching it. The respondents must not have to for the return postage. It should either be prepaid or stamps for the required amount should be direct and forceful enclosed. 3. Form of the questionnaire: - The get up and appearance of the questionnaire should be attractive. It must be tastefully printed on high quality paper. The sentences by which the questions are asked should be direct and forceful. Lacking qualities, the questionnaire will be consigned to w.p.b. 4. Clarity of question: - For the desired responses, it is of the utmost importance to formulate the questions clearly & precisely. There should be no ambiguity and no dubiousness about them. They should lend themselves to a single interpretation. The best method is to ensure that our questionnaire does not have any misleading or confusing question, it should be first tried on a selected group of individuals and suitable modification should be made in questions in the light of the experience with the selected group. 5. Serial order of questions: - The questions should be broken up into classes and each class should have a number of questions which are mutually interrelated. The order of questions should be such that the first should seem naturally to lead to the second. The second may depend upon the first, but the first should not depend upon the second; otherwise the order of questions will cease to be systematic and will become chaotic. 6. Attractiveness: - Upon the attractiveness of the questionnaire depends to a large extent on the success of the questionnaire. The attractiveness of a questionnaire is determined by the prestige of the researcher, of research organization and the government its prestige increase. If the above qualities are present respondents are likely to take interest in the questionnaire.
53
LIKERT SCALE
In business research, the Likert scale developed by Rensis Likert, is extremely popular for measuring attitude, because, the method is simple to administer. With the Likert scale, the respondents indicate their own attitudes by checking how strongly they agree or disagree with carefully worded statements that range from very positive to very negative towards the attitudinal abject. Respondents generally choose from five alternatives (say strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly disagree). a) Consider the following example of a study or measuring attitudes towards cricket. tron gly S tro
Agree
ot sure N ot
Disagree
agree
It is more fun to play a tough5 competitive cricket match than to play an easy one.
tron gly S tro disagree
4
3
2
1
To measure the attitude, the researchers assign weights or scores to the alternative responses. In the above example the scores 5 to 1 are assigned to the responses. Strong agreement of the respondents indicates the most favorable attitudes on the statement, and the score 5 is assigned to it. On the other hand, strong disagreement of the respondent indicates the most unfavorable attitude on the statement, and the score 1 is assigned to it. If a negative statement towards the object is given, the corresponding scores would be reversed. In this case, the response µstrongly agree¶ will get a score of 1 and the response µstrongly disagree¶ will get a score of 5. A Likert scale may include a number of items or statements. Each statement is assumed to represent an aspect of attitudinal domain products.
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
CHAPTER IV ³FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATION´
64
FINDINGS
After doing the survey in the various department of Cadbury India Ltd. Result showed that some of the department heads and the Top management are satisfied are the Welfare policies. The result was calculated by using Questionnaire. Conclusion is based on the attributes that are condition, working hours, Welfare scheme etc. By seeing and search all the above salient features , the conclusion is that some some department heads and top management is satisfied with the welfare policies process which uses in Cadbury India Ltd.
65
CONCLUSION
To conclude we can say that the culture & climate of Cadbury India Ltd. is very healthy for the employees. As this report suggests that there are several types of benefits and facilities are provided to the employees for maintaining their high moral .It also creates feeling of job satisfaction within the employees. These whole things create a healthy environment in the Cadbury. The main cultures which are found in Cadbury are as: Openness, Initiative, Commitment Integrity, Them Spirit, and Discipline & Equality. Equal ity.
66
SUGGESTION
Some of the changes and suggestion are required in the company; there should be a welfare officer who can look after all the welfare activities. There should be provision for rest room .If CIL management put a bit more attention to its employees immure the company will continue as the leader in the confectionary market and the employees will work will more zeal and enthusiasm that will surely help the company in achieving its target .
67
RECOMMENDATIONS Company should concentrate more on television for advertisement, as mostly
people get attracted through television only . For promotional offers, company should go for free gifts rather than going for
other ways. Company should concentrate on its packing as people are least satisfied with it
while concentrate on the shape of a chocolate . People are unsatisfied with the price and quantity of chocolate so companies
should concentrate concentrate in this regard also .
68
LIMITATION y y
y y y
Main limitation was small area of sampling Employees liked to give answer to questionnaire in oral and avoid written filling of questionnaire. Some environmental factor also impacted this research. Seniors did not allow juniors to give their opinion. Only a few females in the organization filled up the questionnaire.
69
BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS:y y y y y
N.D. Kapoor (Industrial Law) C.B. Gupta (Human Resource Management) P.L. Malik (Labor and Industrial Law) C.B. Memoria (Human Resource Management) A.M. Sharma (Aspect of labor welfare and social security)
WEBSITE :y y y y y
www.cadbury.com www.cadburyindia.com www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.hr -- survey.com www.hr
OTHERS :-
Company document and previous training reports.
70
This is with reference to the questionnaire with the request letter. I would be highly grateful for your responses. This questionnaire is a part of research project for an academic activity of Master of Business Administration.
Thank you,
Personal information
Name:
-------------------------------
Age:
-------------------------------
Department: ------------------------------Designation: -------------------------------
Signature: ----------------------------
71
ANNEXURE:-
Questionnaire
The purpose of this questionnaire is to study the effectiveness of employee¶s welfare programs in Cadbury. You are requested to show your opinion favorable in the form of strongly disagree to strongly agree. If you feel you are not sure about it then tick any point between strongly disagree and strongly agree. a gree. Instruction: y y y y y
Choose 1 for Strongly Str ongly Disagree. Choose 2 for Disagree. Choose 3 for Neutral. Choose 4 for Agree. Choose 5 for Strongly Agree.
1.) Employees are aware of the welfare schemes available at the Cadbury.
2.) There is total satisfaction towards working condition.
3.) Satisfied with the facility of canteen & lunch room.
4.) Satisfied with the working hour.
5.) Satisfied with the contribution towards family allowances, sickness & accident allowances etc.
72
6.) Satisfied with the safety measures available at the cadbury.
7.) Employees are satisfied with the legal aid provided by cil plant.
8.) Satisfied with the drinking water facility.
9.) Satisfied with the process of grievances handling.
10.) Satisfied with the bonus & gratuity schems.
