A) B) C) D)
1.Which characteristic best describes the inflammatory response? specific response to microorganisms initiated by certain types of injury hormone-mediated regulated by chemical mediators
A) B) C) D)
.Which is not a major goal of the inflammatory response? increase blood flo! to the site of injury form an antigen-antibody response dilute harmful substances at the site of injury remo"e injured tissue
A) B) C) D)
#.$he cell that must be %loosened& in order for the products of healing to get to the site of injury' endothelial basement membrane epithelial plasma
A) B) C) D)
(.$he cell most liely responsible for an immediate release of ch emical mediators right at the site of injury is the' mast cell platelet eosinophil endothelial
A) B) C) D)
*.+ou *.+ou sprained your anle and are told to tae ibuprofen to reduce reduc e the inflammation. What is the mechanism of action for this drug? blocs chemoines enhances mast cell acti"ation blocs prostaglandins $he mechanism of action is unno!n
A) B) C) D)
,.$he acti"ation of complement induces all of the follo!ing ecept' coagulation opsoniation chemotais cell lysis
A)
/.Which of the follo!ing does not eplain !hy multiple path!ays are needed for the acti"ation and suppression of chemical mediators? 0ealing reuires multiple chemical mediators 2age 1
B) C) D)
$he chemical mediators are so potent $he response must be o"erealous to be effecti"e Autoimmunity can occur if unregulated
A) B) C) D)
3.Although against your better judgment4 you sueeed an acne pustule on your face. 5o! you notice a clear fluid seeping from the opening. What is this clear fluid? pus !ater eudate plasma
A) B) C) D)
6.What is the role of the clear fluid referred to in the pre"ious uestion? carries proteins and leuocytes promotes clotting replaces epithelial cells indicates edema in the underlying tissues
A) B) C) D)
17.Which is not an essential step in the cellular response? cellular migration cellular adherence cellular chemotais cellular degranulation
A) B) C) D)
11.Without this process4 leuocytes !ould be unable to mo"e across endothelial cells and get to the site of injury' diapedesis separation adherence leuocytosis
A) B) C) D)
1.+ou are "isiting the clinic for a possible infection. +ou are told that you ha"e a high neutrophil count. $his implies' +ou ha"e a streptococcal infection +ou ha"e an acute infection +ou ha"e a chronic infection +ou do not ha"e an infection
1#.+our mother has a clinic appointment for a possible infection and is told that she has a high monocyte count. $his implies' A) 8he has a streptococcal infection
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B) C) D)
8he has an acute infection 8he has a chronic infection 8he does not ha"e an infection
A) B) C) D)
1(.0o! does the inflammatory response no! !hen to retreat? feedbac mechanisms regulated by plasma protein systems multiple processes of cellular inhibition inhibition is time-dependent4 the inflammatory response lasts / hours !hen all microorganisms ha"e been destroyed
A) B) C) D)
1*.+ou notice that after you sprained your anle that the anle became s!ollen4 red4 and hot. Why did the anle get hot? eudate accumulated at the site increased blood flo! to the site the anle became infected $here !as a thermal injury as !ell
A) B) C) D)
1,.9n chronic inflammation4 etensi"e scarring is due to' fibroblast acti"ity degradation of collagen proteinase acti"ity loss of labile cells
A) B) C) D)
1/.:ormation of these is a protecti"e mechanism during some cases of chronic inflammation !here an area is !alled off in order to protect surrounding unaffected tissues' adenomas granulomas basement membranes granulation tissues
A) B) C) D)
13.2oor tissue perfusion can lead to this complication of chronic inflammation' eloid formation !ound dehiscence adhesions ulceration
16.Which of the follo!ing types of burns can interrupt cardiac conduction and lead to sudden death? A) thermal B) chemical
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C) D)
electrical radiation
A) B) C) D)
7.+ou are cooing macaroni and cheese and !hile pouring the pasta into the colander you splash scalding !ater on your arm. $he area becomes red4 painful4 and blisters form. 0o! !ould this burn be classified? superficial partial thicness burn deep partial thicness burn full thicness burn none of these
A) B) C) D)
1.;heumatoid arthritis is characteried by all of the follo!ing ecept' autoimmune processes against syno"ial cells formation of immune complees genetic susceptibility and a triggering e"ent chronic inflammatory processes predominated by neutrophils
A) B) C) D)
.9n rheumatoid arthritis4 this is a type of granulation tissue that forms o"er the inflamed syno"ium and cartilage' matri tissue anylosis pannus nodular
A) B) C) D)
#.What is the relationship bet!een se"ere burns and the de"elopment of gastritis? Burns shunt blood a!ay from stomach
A) B) C) D)
(.Which of the follo!ing is not a characteristic clinical manifestation of Crohn disease? !eight loss constipation abdominal pain occult blood in stool
*.Which of the follo!ing statement is not true regarding ulcerati"e colitis? A) 9t can occur any!here in the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus B) 9t is associated !ith an increased ris of colon cancer C) 9t presents as a continuous friable intestinal lesion
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D)
2erforation is a potential complication
,.Describe the rationale for each of the systemic manifestations' fe"er4 leuocytosis4 and increased circulating plasma proteins.
/.
3.9dentify the three treatment principles in acute inflammation.
6.9dentify and describe the three phases of tissue healing and repair.
#7.Describe the role of the basement membrane in tissue healing.
#1.Differentiate labile4 stable4 and permanent cells.
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Answer Key 1.D .B #.A (.A *.C ,.A /.C 3.C 6.A 17.D 11.A 1.B 1#.C 1(.A 1*.B 1,.A 1/.B 13.D 16.C 7.B 1.D .C #.A (.B *.A ,.:e"er is a result of chemical mediators acting directly on the hypothalamus. $he hypothalamus is responsible for controlling temperature in the body. An ele"ated body temperature stimulates phagocytosis and can also inhibit the gro!th of certain microorganisms. >euocytosis is an ele"ation in the !hite blood cell4 or leuocyte4 !ith a count usually abo"e 174777mm#. $ypically4 the indi"idual has a !hite blood cell count of *4777 to 174777mm#. >euocytosis demonstrates the increased circulation of !hite blood cells to aid in healing. 2lasma proteins are also increased as a result of the three plasma protein systems =complement4 inin4 and clotting). $hese proteins are called acute-phase reactants and can be measured through the use of laboratory tests4 such as C-reacti"e protein =C;2). /.$he erythrocyte sedimentation rate =also referred to as a sed rate4 or <8;) is a nonspecific method of testing for inflammation. $his means that4 !hen ele"ated4 inflammation is occurring some!here in the body but the eact source or location is not identified by the test. During the inflammatory process4 the coagulation cascade results in increased circulating le"els of fibrinogen4 !hich causes cells to stic together. When measured in a tube in the lab4 ;BCs eposed to the inflammatory process !ill fall faster and !ill clump together. $he <8; test then measures =in mmhr) the le"el of ;BC stacing. $he test taes about (* minutes. $ypically4 a higher result euates to more se"ere inflammation. 3.;educe blood flo! to the site4 decrease s!elling4 and bloc the action of chemical
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mediators. 6.9nflammatory phase@"ascular and cellular response regulated by plasma protein systems and acti"atedinhibited by chemical mediators4 the goa l is to bring forth the products of healing to the site of injury and to remo"e foreign substances and necrotic tissue proliferati"e phase@restoring structural integrity is dependent upon the delicate balance of tissue destruction and construction. $issue lysis4 or breado!n and remo"al4 is accomplished through the !or of enymes that are needed to rid the body of the damaged tissue. ro!th factors and matri proteins are responsible for rebuilding the etracellular matri =abile cells constantly regenerate through mitosis4 particularly epithelial cells of the sin4 gastrointestinal tract4 and urinary tract4 and blood cells in the bone marro!. 8table cells stop regenerating !hen gro!th is complete but can resume regeneration if injured. 2ermanent cells4 such as neurons4 cardiac myocytes4 and the lens of the eye4 do not undergo mitosis and are unable to regenerate.
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