chapter 9 industrial inorganic chemistry 9 1 and 9 2

CHAPTER 9: INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (9.1 and 9.2)

EXTRACTION OF METALS - Iron using reduction by carbon - Zinc using reduction by carbon and - Copper - purified using electrolysis - Aluminium - using electrolysis electrolysis

EXTRACTION OF IRON - Use of iron ore (hem!i!e or Fe"O# $% - Fu Furnce rnce is lo&e& 'i!h chr)e* + 'hich consis!s of iron ore+ co,e ( form of cron m&e from col$ n& limes!one (clcium cron!e$% - Limes!one is use& !o remo.e impuri!ies (sn& s sl) of clcium silic!e$% - Ore is sin!ere& or he!e& 'i!h co,e n& limes!one% - Cron urns 'i!h !he ho!

REMOVING IM!RITIE" •

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The m/or impuri!ies of iron ore (hem!i!e$ 'hich is silic ( SiO"$% Limes!one (CCO#$ is use& n& &ecompose& !o lime ( CO$ !o rec! 'i!h !he silic (SiO "$ !o pro&uce clcium silic!e (CSiO #$ or !he sl) on !op of !he iron% REACTIONS0

"TEE# MA$ING - Uses pi) iron* or cs! iron* pro&uce& 1 !he ls! furnce 'hich is no! pure n& con!ins ou! 23 cron (m,in) iron ri!!le$ n& o!her impuri!ies% - Cron con!en! is re&uce& 1 urnin) i! off s CO" n& sulfur con!min!ion is o4i&ise& !o SO" (The

Rusting of iron and its pre%ention Rus! -  re&-ro'n po'&er consis!in) minl1 of h1&r!e& h1&r !e& iron (III$ o4i&e% - Cuse& 1 '!er+ o41)en n& sl!% - Se'!er n& ci& r rin in cn increse !he r!e ! 'hich iron o/ec!s rus!%

Rus! pre.en!ion -5in!in) -Oilin) n& )resin) -5ls!ic co!in)s -Elec!ropl!in) -6l.nisin) -Scrificil pro!ec!ion -Elec!rol1!ic pro!ec!ion

EXTRACTION OF &INC - Use of 7inc ore0 7inc len&e ZnS - Con.er!in) 7inc len&e !o sulfi&e 1 he!in)%

- ZnO is he!e& in  ls! furnce 'i!h co,e !o re&uce o4i&e !o me!l Zn%

EXTRACTION OF COER - Use of copper ore 0 copper p1ri!es 8 CuFeS"% - The concen!r!e& ore is he!e& in e4cess suppl1 of ir in !he furnce0   "CuFeS" 9 O" Cu"S 9 "Fe "FeS S 9 SO" - Then o4i&!ion of !he sulfi&e0  "Cu"S 9 #O" "CuO 9 "SO"

- Re&uc!ion of o4i&e 'i!h cron0   "CuO 9 C "Cu 9 CO" - 5urifie& copper use& specificll1 for elec!ricl 'irin) mus! e refine& or purifie& 1 elec!rol1sis%

EXTRACTION OF METALS - Iron using reduction by carbon - Zinc using reduction by carbon and - Copper - purified using electrolysis - Aluminium - using electrolysis electrolysis

EXTRACTION OF A#!MINI!M '( E#ECTRO#("I"

Three- s!)e process ( The :ll:éroult process)0 ;% minin) !he ore "% purific!ion of !he mol!en ore #% elec!rol1sis of !he mol!en ore

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Industrial electrolysis is used for extracting aluminum from its mineral ore, bauxite. The bauxite ore is rst treated with sodium hydroxide – Na! to obtain pure aluminium oxide – "l#$ or alumina. "l#$ is dissol%ed in molten cryolite or sodium aluminium &uoride – Na$"l'( to lower the woring temperature of the l t l ti ll

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*ryolite can reduce to melting point of alumina form #+$+ o* to +++* thus pro%ides a considerable sa%ing in energy costs.

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The mixture is electrolysed between graphite electrode.

-olten aluminium is attracted to the cathode

xygen is released at the anodes

"t the high temperature of the cell oxygen reacts with carbon of the anode to form *#

"luminium *opper / 0sed for o%erhead / 0sed for domestic power 1strengthen with steel core) cables because it conducts electricity well, has low density %ery resistant to corrosion. / 2eaage of power is pre%ented by

cables because it is a %ery good conductor of electricity . / *o%ered or sheathed in plastic as insulation.