CHAPTER 9
Political Parties
0MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Ans: Page: Type:
D 19 8 Conceptual
10.
Which of the following statements about political parties in the United States is true? a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Ans: Page: Type:
C 19 9 Conceptual
20.
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C 19 9 Conceptual
30.
The key term in the definition of a political political party is is a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0.
d0. e0. E 20 0 Conceptual
40.
organization, with the purpose of giving the party clout. ideology, to provide clear policy choices for the party. label, to give a candidate party identification. nationalism, to create a strong national party. allegiance, to enhance party strength.
Party identification among voters voters is one way of gauging the strength strength of a party. Another cited by the text is the
b0. c0.
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Parties in this country are relatively new, having having emerged only after the Civil War. Parties today are are relatively relatively strong, strong, but they are are not strong in in all areas of the country. Parties in this this country country have never never been been as strong, or meant meant as as much, as in many European countries. Parties today are relatively relatively weak, but they are not not weak weak in all areas of the country. Parties are relatively strong today although loyalties are spread more widely.
number of parties that appear on the ballot in a national election. use of a party party label or symbol symbol on ballots in municipal municipal elections. strength of the organization that recruits and campaigns for candidates. protection offered to individual parties by the U.S. Constitution. amount amount of attention attention given to parti parties es by the media. media.
The federal federal system goes a long way way toward toward explaining explaining why U.S. parties are ________ than their European counterparts. a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
more more ideolo ideologic gical al less less ideolo ideologic gical al more more aggres aggressiv sivee more more centra centraliz lized ed more more decent decentra raliz lized ed
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A 200 Conceptual
50.
One reason why political parties in the United States today are weaker than in Europe is that, in the United States, a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Ans: Page: Type:
C 200 Factual
60.
Ans: Page: Type:
E 200 Factual
70.
Ans: Page: Type:
B 201 Conceptual
80.
In most states, candidates for office are chosen by a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0.
d0. e0. 90.
winning a constituency referendum. being nominated by a member of the executive branch. winning in the primary election. hiring his or her own campaign organization. being nominated by party leaders.
What role do political parties play in the lives of most Americans?
c0.
C 201 Factual
the people. party leaders. primary elections. conventions. delegations.
In Europe, almost the only way a person can become a candidate is by
b0.
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party leaders do not typically select people to run for office. local party leaders rarely have as much power as national ones. political parties organizations are highly centralized. Congress reserves the right to select the chief executive of the government. party leaders have become less ideological.
U.S. political parties dominate a variety of associations to which a person may belong. Most Americans separate political parties from other aspects of their lives. Most Americans are highly partisan in their politics, and this partisanship affects more than just their voting. Fewer Americans than Europeans think of themselves as political independents. a and c.
George Washington’s view of parties may have been influenced by a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
the absence of a strong federal court system. the success of the electoral college in the first two elections. the constant quarreling between Hamilton and Jefferson in his cabinet. the failure of the first national bank. his experiences with treaties.
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A 201 Conceptual
100. Why should George Washington, among other Founders of our nation, have been so opposed to political parties? a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Because disputes over policies and elections were not easily separated from disputes over government legitimacy Because the U.S. Constitution made clear the dangers of partisanship in government Because political parties during the early years of the republic were both strong and centralized Because political parties during the early years of the republic represented clear, homogeneous economic interests Because the presidency was vulnerable to the influence of rival factions
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E 201 Conceptual
110. The Founders saw political parties as
Ans: Page: Type:
A 201 Factual
120. The first organized political party in American history was
Ans: Page: Type:
E 202 Factual
130. Some were so distraught by the election of Thomas Jefferson that they
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Ans: Page: Type:
B 202 Conceptual
an important aspect of democracy. effective only in raising money for campaigns. appropriate for a direct democracy but not for a republic. a means communicating public opinion to the president. factions motivated by ambition and self-interest.
made up of the followers of Jefferson. organized by Alexander Hamilton. organized by the Federalists. ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. formed under the Articles of Confederation .
prepared constitutional amendments that would radically alter our system of government. argued for even greater restrictions on suffrage. challenged the results of the election in Washington. refused to certify votes in dozens of counties. organized to have New England secede from the union.
140. During the founding period of U.S. history, political parties could best be characterized as a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
national coalitions in which large, raucous party conventions played a major role. small coalitions based more on geography and class than on common economic interests. instruments through which debate over the legitimacy of the new government could take place. bureaucratized, well organized, and well financed. national coalitions which were well organized by impersonal bureaucracies.
Ans: Page: Type:
C 202-203 Factual
150. According to the text, when did political parties in the United States develop a comprehensive organizational form and appeal?
Ans: Page: Type:
A 201 Factual
160. The first Republican party, with its base of support in the South, was organized in the 1790s by
Ans: Page: Type:
E 202 Factual
170. The Federalist party could not compete effectively in national elections because
Ans: Page: Type:
B 203 Factual
180. National party conventions were developed as a reform of
Ans: Page: Type:
A 202 Factual
190. In the Jacksonian era, for the first time a party system was built
Ans: Page: Type:
D 202-203 Factual
200. Prior to 1824, presidential candidates were nominated by
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Since the New Deal From the Founding to the 1920s From the time of President Jackson to the Civil War From the Civil War to the 1930s Since the Kennedy administration
Thomas Jefferson. James Madison. Alexander Hamilton. George Washington. John Adams.
its leadership was constantly changing. it could not convince Americans to participate in elections. it refused to campaign in the Northeastern states. election laws minimized the impact of voters in the South. it had such a limited sectional and class base.
the electoral college. party caucuses. primary elections. direct elections. recall elections.
from the bottom up. on economic interests. from the top down. on ideological concerns. without reference to the interests of voters.
regional party conventions. delegates selected by state legislatures. popular vote from a slate of candidates drawn up by the two national parties. caucuses comprising of members of Congress. delegates selected by members of the state judiciary.
Ans: Page: Type:
A 203 Conceptual
210. Party conventions emerged during the Jacksonian era as a means of a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
giving some measure of local control to the presidential nominating process. involving Congress in the process of nominating presidential candidates. allowing national elections to be held by direct primary rather than by legislative caucus. ratifying the nomination of the party’s candidate for president. providing the party with a stronger base of support among Protestants.
Ans: Page: Type:
D 203 Factual
220. The first Convention in American history was that of the ________ party.
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C 203 Conceptual
230. Which of the following statements about the modern Republican party is correct ?
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Ans: Page: Type:
B 203 Conceptual
a0. b0. c0.
e0. E 204 Factual
It was founded by Thomas Jefferson to oppose the policies of Alexander Hamilton. It was originally called the Antifederalist party. It emerged as a major party only after the Civil War. It emerged around 1824 with Andrew Jackson’s first run for the presidency. None of the above.
240. One effect of the geographic split in parties that occurred as a consequence of the Civil War was the
d0.
Ans: Page: Type:
Bull Moose Democratic Republican Anti-Masonic Labor
end of the Democrat-Republican party of Thomas Jefferson. emergence of strong party factions such as the mugwumps. rise to power of Democratic progressives and others who supported free trade. establishment of national conventions to nominate presidential candidates. an equal distribution of party power among the states.
250. The ________, a faction of the Republican party, were opposed to the patronage system and feared the influx of immigrants who could be incorporated into the political machine. a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
stalwarts Whigs Old Guards Folemen progressives
Ans: Page: Type:
D 204 Factual
260. The progressives favored all of the following except
Ans: Page: Type:
E 204 Conceptual
270. The progressive movement reduced the level of political corruption but ultimately failed to
Ans: Page: Type:
B 204 Conceptual
280. Procedures such as the initiative and the referendum arose as efforts to give
Ans: Page: Type:
D 205 Factual
290. Scholars have identified ____ critical or realigning periods in American politics.
Ans: Page: Type:
C 205 Factual
300. The three clearest cases of critical or realigning elections seem to be
Ans: Page: Type:
A 205-206 Factual
310. Which of the following were major issues in the three clearest cases of critical or realigning periods?
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
nonpartisan elections. strict voter registration requirements. civil service reform. better relations with business. primary elections.
solve the problem of divided government. weaken the power of political parties. decentralize political power. end the destructive effect of primary elections. solve the problem of how to select candidates.
Congress a way of controlling the president. citizens a direct say in making laws. courts a system for prosecuting election fraud. governors more power in relation to legislatures. party regulars a say in nominating candidates.
2 3 4 5 6
1800, 1828 and 1865. 1828, 1865 and 1896. 1865, 1896 and 1932. 1896, 1932 and 1984. 1932, 1984 and 1992.
Slavery and economics Crime and war Suffrage and state’s rights The electoral college and war debt The federal income tax and immigration
Ans: Page: Type:
E 206 Factual
320. Which of the following statements concerning slavery and the election of 1860 is incorrect ? a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
The Republicans categorically opposed slavery. One part of the Democratic party tried to waffle on the issue. One part of the Democratic party opposed governmental regulation of slavery. The remnants of the Whig party took no position on slavery in the platform. Party loyalities remained fluid after 1860.
Ans: Page: Type:
C 206 Factual
330. Which of the following statements about the critical election of 1896 is correct ?
Ans: Page: Type:
B 206 Conceptual
340. The elections of Ronald Reagan could not have represented a realignment because
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Ans: Page: Type:
D 207 Conceptual
The Republicans carried most of the South. The Democrats carried most of the North. The Republicans won the support of those in cities. The Democrats represented business interests. The Democrats wanted higher tariffs.
they featured low voter turnout. they left control of Congress in the hands of the Democratic party. they did not involve salient economic issues. the vote of the electoral college was actually quite close. Republican governors were rarely reelected.
350. Dramatic realignments, such as the one that occurred in 1932, may not occur again because a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
voter turnout has consistently decreased over the last forty years. presidential candidates are rarely as popular with the voters as they used to be. the electoral college is malapportioned. party labels have lost their meaning for a growing number of voters. economic issues rarely dominate presidential campaigns.
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B 207 Factual
360. In recent elections, ticket splitting has been most common
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E 207 Factual
370. Ticket splitting was almost unheard of in the nineteenth century because
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
in the Northeast. in the South. in the Midwest. in the Midwest and Northeast. in the far West.
political parties provided voters with ballots. party platforms were rarely consistent. incumbents used the perks of office to sway voters. government printed ballots listed candidates in columns. a and d.
Ans: Page: Type:
A 207 Conceptual
380. One would generally expect split-ticket voting to occur more often when
Ans: Page: Type:
C 208 Factual
390. The national convention meets every _____ years to nominate a presidential candidate.
Ans: Page: Type:
D 208 Factual
400. Between the national conventions party affairs are managed by a ______________ made up of delegates from each state and territory.
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E 208 Factual
410. In Congress each party has a _______________ that helps members of Congress who are running for re-election or would-be members seeking election.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
states adopt the office ballot. political parties provide voters with ballots. states adopt the party-column ballot. states adopt the Indiana ballot. voters can vote for more than one candidate with a single mark.
two three four six eight
congressional campaign committee national caucus troika national committee rules committee
legislative caucus national party committee national party caucus political action committee congressional campaign committee
Ans: Page: Type:
B 208 Factual
420. This person manages the day-to-day work of the party.
Ans: Page: Type:
A 208 Factual
430. Beginning in the 1960s, the ________ became more bureaucratized, while the ________ became more factionalized.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Precinct captain National chairman National selectman National alderman Organizational deputy
Republican party, Democratic party major parties, minor parties Democratic party, Republican party minor parties, major parties Republican party, minor parties
Ans: Page: Type:
E 209 Factual
440. Who selects the time and place of the national convention and issues a call for the convention?
Ans: Page: Type:
A 209 Factual
450. The number of convention delegates from each state, along with the rules under which they are chosen, is determined by
Ans: Page: Type:
C 209 Conceptual
460. Which of the following statements about the formula by which delegates to the nominating conventions are apportioned is correct ?
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
The president A select committee on convention affairs Leaders in the House and Senate The state caucus national committee A party’s national committee
the party’s national committee. Congress. the party’s congressional campaign committee. state party committees. leaders in the House and Senate.
Both Democrats and Republicans give extra delegates to large states. Both Democrats and Republicans give extra delegates to loyal states. The Democrats and Republicans use different formulas. The formula reflects a movement to the center by both Democrats and Republicans. Formulas have had no noticeable impact on the selection of delegates to the conventions.
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E 210 Factual
470. The formula for the selection of delegates to the Republican national convention generally stresses the importance of
Ans: Page: Type:
B 210 Factual
480. Throughout the 1970s, the general thrust of the Democratic rules commissions considering delegate selection was to
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
independence. diversity. balance. equality. loyalty.
create a more unified national organization. weaken the influence of party leaders and enlarge the role of the rank and file. decrease intraparty competition for the delegate seats. increase the size of the delegations to accommodate all interest groups. centralize power within the party and make it less ideological.
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E 211 Factual
490. The Republicans changed the goal of their national party to the election of candidates while the Democrats sought to make their party a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a type of political consulting firm. less ideological. a more bureaucratic party. more powerful than the local ones. achieve a fairer distribution of power.
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D 210 Factual
500. Democratic rule changes were drafted in 1972 by a commission headed by
Ans: Page: Type:
E 210 Factual
510. The Hunt commission’s changes in the Democratic party rules were designed to
Ans: Page: Type:
A 211 Factual
520. The term “superdelegate” refers to
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Edward Kennedy. Barbara Mikulski. Jacob Javits. George McGovern. Hubert Humphrey.
centralize power within the party and make it less ideological. continue the thrust of previous reforms. bind delegates to the primary election winner. eliminate quotas for the representation of minorities. increase the influence of party leaders.
elected officials and party leaders who are not required to pledge themselves in advance to a presidential candidate. delegates representing special-interest caucuses, such as those organized to represent blacks or homosexuals. delegates-at-large who are chosen by a vote of the national party leadership. delegates chosen by primary elections and grassroot caucuses. delegates who received more than eighty percent of the vote necessary to achieve their status.
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C 212 Factual
530. All of the following statements concerning the delegates to the 2004 conventions are correct except :
Ans: Page: Type:
C 212 Factual
540. Over 40 percent of the delegates to the conventions of both parties
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
More of the Republicans were gun owners. More of the Democrats belonged to unions. More of the Democrats were male. More of the Republicans were born-again Christians. More of the Democrats were African Americans.
were female. were African Americans. were born again Christians. were gun owners. had family incomes of $100,000 and over.
Ans: Page: Type:
D 212 Factual
550. The winner-reward systems of delegate distribution were banned in the campaign of
Ans: Page: Type:
D 212 Factual
560. The 1992 Democratic National Committee penalized states that violated the rules with what percentage loss of their national delegates?
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0. Ans: Page: Type:
C 212 Factual
1980. 1984. 1988. 1992. 2000.
0 percent 5 percent 10 percent 25 percent 45 percent
570. The three areas of rule-changes approved by the 1992 Democratic National Committee were a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
winner-reward systems, proportional representation, delegate selection. proportional representation, rules violation penalty, delegate selection. rules violation penalty, winner-reward systems, proportional representation. delegate selection, rules violation penalty, winner-reward systems. delegate selection, delegate voting penalty, plurality representation.
Ans: Page: Type:
B 212 Conceptual
580. According to the text, the role of national conventions has been transformed by party rules into a
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E 213 Factual
590. Within both major parties, it is the ________ level that has most obviously declined.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
media showcase where newscasters influence the outcome. place where delegates ratify decisions made by voters. gathering where party leaders make important decisions. gathering of representatives from interest groups. place where delegates vote their conscience, regardless of the party’s platform.
national regional state district grassroots
Ans: Page: Type:
A 213 Factual
600. Party machines a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Ans: Page: Type:
A 213 Factual
are characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity. do not use tangible incentives to recruit members. help to solve the problem of voting fraud. cut down the number of patronage jobs in government. enforce electoral reform and encourage competition.
610. The classical machine-type party was developed and perfected a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
in the nineteenth century before the large-scale Irish and Italian immigrations. 0in the nineteenth century after the large-scale Irish and Italian immigrations. at the time of the New Deal, when thousands of civil servants were jobless. after World War II, when thousands of soldiers returned from Europe and the Pacific. during the implementation of Great Society programs in the deep south.
Ans: Page: Type:
D 213-214 Factual
620. Old-style political machines counted heavily on the support of
Ans: Page: Type:
E 215 Conceptual
630. Unlike political machines, ideological parties tend to be
Ans: Page: Type:
C 215 Factual
640. The ideological groups, or reform clubs, of the 1950s and 1960s gave rise to ideological parties composed of
Ans: Page: Type:
B 215 Factual
650. According to Barbara Mikulski, the training grounds for national political activists today are
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
the national party. ideological party members. welfare recipients. civil servants. the House of Representatives.
unified. hierarchical. disciplined. committed to winning. factionalized.
political machines. solidary associations. single-issue activists. rank-and-file voters. fluid interest groups.
state and local parties. social movements. sponsored parties. solidary groups. fluid interest groups.
Ans: Page: Type:
D 215-217 Conceptual
660. People can join a party for reasons other than patronage. The text cites all of the following other reasons except
Ans: Page: Type:
A 215 Factual
670. Party organizations based on their members' enjoyment of the sociability of politics are referred to as
Ans: Page: Type:
A 216 Conceptual
680. The political involvement of the United Auto Workers (UAW) in Detroit provides an example of a(n)
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C 216 Factual
690. An example of an organization that sponsors a local party is
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
to promote a cause (ideological parties). to be with friends (solidary associations). to support a charismatic leader (personal followings). to join a delegating committee (caucus groups). to promote a philosophy (ideological parties).
solidary parties. ideological parties. sponsored parties. party machines. reciprocal parties.
sponsored party. political machine. ideological party. solidary group. reciprocal party.
a southern textile firm. the American Petroleum Institute in Texas. the United Auto Workers (UAW) in Detroit. government employees’ unions in the Washington, D.C., suburbs. a northern glee club.
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E 216 Factual
700. Today, a person wanting to win an election will most often seek the support of
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A 217 Conceptual
710. Which of the following statements about the traditional party organization in the United States is correct?
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a political machine. issue-oriented clubs. sponsored parties. party-based societies. a personal following.
It exists, but only in a few states. It remains as strong a force as ever in most states. It is strongest in western states such as California. It is strongest in states with term limits. It no longer exists.
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B 217 Conceptual
720. Which of the following statements about the two-party system is correct? a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Most European countries have such a system. The United States is one of the few countries with such a system. It exists in the United States because of the absence of local party organizations. It has existed in the United States only since the early 1900s. It has always been on the verge of collapse.
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E 217 Factual
730. To win in a plurality system such as that in the United States, a candidate must
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B 218 Conceptual
740. The plurality electoral system in the United States means that
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C 218 Conceptual
750. Why should elections based on a plurality system discourage new parties from forming?
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Ans: Page: Type:
E 218 Conceptual
exert considerable inside influence. win a runoff election. secure a majority of the votes. secure at least 70 percent of the votes. gather more votes than anyone else.
the party system will be competitive. every party must be a broad-based coalition. politics will be more ideological than it would otherwise be. the risk of electoral corruption is less than in Europe. smaller parties have a greater chance of winning at least some seats.
Because a plurality system discourages patronage and reduces voter interest in joining a party Because a plurality system requires parties to form alliances with other parties to win elections Because under this winner-take-all system no incentive is given for finishing second (or lower) Because a plurality system requires each party to be as narrowly based as possible, leaving little room for new parties Because a plurality system gives an advantage to savy political unknowns who can grab the media spotlight
760. The most dramatic example of the winner-take-all principle in the U.S. electoral system is the a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
ideal of pluralism. municipal elections in Cambridge, Massachusetts. partisan judicial elections. two-party system. electoral college.
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C 219 Conceptual
770. The two-party system has worked in the United States, but not in Europe, because a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Americans are more aggressive and less deferential. fewer Americans want to participate in party activities. Americans agree on enough issues to form broad coalitions. Americans are more economically conservative than Europeans. Europeans are less ideological than Americans.
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A 220 Factual
780. The most recent independent candidate for president who was able to get on the ballot in every state was
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D 220 Conceptual
790. Which of the following statements about minor parties in the United States is correct ?
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Ross Perot. Henry Wallace. George Wallace. John Anderson. Ralph Nader.
They have been a major force in many national elections, most recently in 1986. They have been virtually nonexistent in U.S. political history. They generally downplay ideology in favor of winning elections. They were once discouraged by the election laws of many states. The ones that have endured have been non-ideological.
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E 221 Conceptual
800. The platform of the Free Love party (a fictitious party) is, as you might guess, free love. This party is most likely a(n)
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B 221 Factual
810. The Libertarian and Socialist parties in the United States are examples of
Ans: Page: Type:
D 220-221 Factual
820. George Wallace’s American Independent party was an example of a(n)
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
economic-protest party. ideological party. factional party. consensual party. one-issue party.
one-issue parties. ideological parties. economic-protest parties. factional parties. consensual parties.
ideological party. one-issue party. economic protest party. factional party. consensual party.
Ans: Page: Type:
C 221 Factual
830. The Populist party is an example of a(n)
Ans: Page: Type:
D 221 Factual
840. An example of an economic protest party is the
Ans: Page: Type:
A 220 Conceptual
850. Which of the following kinds of minor parties tends to endure the longest?
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C 223 Factual
860. The kind of minor party that has probably had the greatest influence on public policy is the
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B 222 Conceptual
870. Many strong social movements in the United States (e.g., the antiwar movement of the late 1960s) never produced a significant third party. One reason for this is that
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
ideological party. one-issue party. economic protest party. factional party. consensual party.
Communist party. Libertarian party. American Independent party. Populist party. Bull Moose party.
Ideological One-issue Economic protest Factional Consensual
ideological party. economic protest party. factional party. one-issue party. consensual party.
most states have laws against the formation of third parties. dissident elements were able to influence elections through party primaries and national conventions. the size of these social movements was never large enough to encourage the formation of parties. formation of a third party would undermine the goals of these movements. such movements typically failed to generate significant interest in mainstream politics.
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B 223 Conceptual
880. Even though minor parties have had little success in national elections, they have played an important role in many elections by a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
forcing runoffs that sharpened the policy positions of the two major parties. influencing the public policy positions of the two major parties. encouraging dissident factions to remain in the Democratic or Republican party. removing barriers in state election laws. making the cost of running for the presidency much higher.
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E 223 Conceptual
890. In the days when party conventions were heavily influenced by party leaders and elected officials, it was relatively easy to ignore
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B 223 Conceptual
900. At party conventions in recent years, the ________ has (have) become increasingly important.
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A 224 Factual
910. National convention delegates, compared to their respective party members, tend to be
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
the electoral objectives of the party. deals made in smoke-filled rooms. the will of the people. the party’s strongest supporters. the policy preferences of dissident factions.
will of elected officials policy interests of the party will of the people policy preferences of party leaders concerns of state legislators
more liberal if they are Democrats, more conservative if they are Republicans. more liberal regardless of party. more conservative regardless of party. more conservative if they are Democrats, more liberal if they are Republicans. quite similar in most respect, but not so much in terms of occupational prestige.
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E 225 Factual
920. A meeting of party followers at which convention delegates are picked is known as a
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B 225 Factual
930. The makeup of state party caucuses can best be characterized as
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
preconvention. primary. nominating primary. party commission. caucus.
rank and file. highly partisan. nationally controlled. mainstream. concentric.
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C 225 Conceptual
940. Compared to primary voters, members of caucuses are more likely to
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A 225 Conceptual
950. An example of how the partisan makeup of state party caucuses can result in the choice of the most ideological candidate was the success of
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
show little ideological difference from rank-and-file voters. support the candidate most likely to win the election. support the most ideological candidate. support the least ideological candidate. support the candidate who appears to be the “underdog.”
Jesse Jackson in the 1988 Democratic party caucuses. Michael Dukakis in the 1988 Democratic party caucuses. Walter Mondale in the 1984 Democratic party caucuses. George Bush in the 1984 Republican party caucuses. All of the above.
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C 225 Factual
960. The typical convention delegate―Democratic or Republican―can best be characterized as a(n)
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B 226 Conceptual
970. The disadvantage of the new primary system that has developed in the United States is that it
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
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C 226 Conceptual
officeholder seeking reelection. rank-and-file party voter. issue-oriented amateur. individual seeking a patronage job. political professional with little or no ideological constraint.
increases the role of rank-and-file party members to exert an influence over the party’s candidate choice. increases the chances that the party will nominate a candidate who is unappealing to the average voter. decreases the opportunity for those with strong policy preferences to play a role in the party. decreases the likelihood that one party or the other will gain control of the presidency for several terms. increases the likelihood of interest groups supporting candidates who are appealing to single-issue voters.
980. Why should the Democrats have been so unsuccessful in winning the presidency before 1992 at the same time that they were so successful in winning congressional seats? a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Because they relied too heavily on party financing for their presidential campaigns Because they relied too heavily on individual candidate financing for their presidential campaigns Because their presidential candidates tended to be out of step with voters on issues of taxation and social policy Because their choice of presidential candidates failed to account for the appeal of ideology in the United States Because the media coverage of Democratic candidates was universally harsh and critical
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B 226 Factual
990. Since 1972, ideological differences between convention delegates and rank-and-file party voters have been greatest among
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B 226 Factual
1000. How can the differences between the two major parties in the United States best be characterized?
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
a0. b0. c0. d0. e0.
Republicans. Democrats. The differences have been great with both parties. The differences have been minor with both parties. the Democrats until 1990 and the greatest among the Republicans from that point forward.
There are very large differences in policy views. There are large policy differences among activists and much smaller ones among the rank and file. There are only trivial differences. There are differences on social issues but not on economic issues. There are differences on economic issues but not on social issues.
