External: Chidambaram Sir Internal: GopiKrishnan Sir Function 4b: 1.What is a Viscotherm Is a euipment euipment used !or the control o! "iscosit# and temperature temperature o! a $uid% in particular particular o! !uel oil. oil. It uses a measurin& capillar# and a small pump. 'he pump produces a constant !orce the measured liuid throu&h the capillar#. capillar#. 'he "iscosit# then determined b# ta(in& pressure throu&h the capillar# ).Water *ashin& +rocedure in 'urbochar&er both turbine side and ,lo*er side . -eeds boo(. General /.0lternati"e Grit Washin& +rocedure 2onot (no*33 4.2ierence ,et*een 56E and G6E Go"ernor and reason. Wh# constant speed !or 06E 5ain en&ine it is important to maintain a constant constant load% speed is not a criteria. criteria. 7ence the !unction !unction o! the &o"ernor is to maintain a constant load. Where as the &enerator 8tted on board the main !unction is to maintain a constant !reuenc# thus depended on the rpm o! the &en thus the &o"ernor 8tted on the &enerator is constant speed. 0ccordin& to the I0CS the &o"ernor 8tted on the &enerator should pre"ent transient !reuenc# "ariation in electrical euipment should not be more than 19 o! the rated !reuenc#. ;.,lr 0ccumulation 'est and '#pe o! Sa!et# Val"e 0ll sa!et# "al"es are to be set under steam to a pressure not &reater than the appro"ed pressure o! the boiler.. 0s a *or(in& tolerance the settin& is acceptable pro"ided the "al"es li!t at not more than 19/ per boiler cent o! the appro"ed desi&n pressure. 2urin& a test o! 1; minutes *ith the stop "al"es closed and under !ull 8rin& conditions the accumulation o! pressure is not to exceed 19 o! the desi&n pressure. 2urin& this test no more !eed *ater is to be supplied than is necessar# to maintain a sa!e *or(in& *ater le"el. 'he accumulation test is carried out to chec( the capacit# o! the sa!et# "6" and duration o! the test is cient enou&h to cause !ati&ue !ailure to the cran(sha!t. 'hus cran(sha!t de$ection is ta(en !or pre"entin& this. <.Wh# do *e heat !uel oil and *h# is it desirable to ha"e less "iscous !uel. Viscosit# is the measure o! the internal resistance to $o*. $o*. Viscosit# depends on the temperature and the temperature increase the "iscosit# decrease in case o! !uel oil. Viscosit# is measured in centistro(es. centistro( es. When the "iscosit# o! the !uel oil is hi&h it is di>cult to pump and also trans!er the oil. In case o! en&ine the hi&h "iscosit# *ill lead to improper atomi?ation and also hi&h penetration thus resultin& in increase in carbon deposit% cro*n burnin& increase *ear and also maintenance cost. 'hus *e need to heat the !uel such that the inlet "iscosit# o! the !uel is around 1)cst. !or proper combustion. EGB cleaning precautions during cleaning in the port. @.EGB @. • • • • •
• • •
,e!ore cleanin& ensure the drains are open and the clear Apen the turbochar&er drain to pre"ent *ater !rom enterin&. Ensure the tan drain are closed and i! the eductor s#stem is used all "al"es are closed. use onl# !resh *ater !or *ashin&. Washin& should be carried out onl# a!ter the EG, has be su>cientl# cooled and the circulatin& pump is s*itched o. Ensure spare manhole &as(et is a"ailable on board. Gas inlet to the EG, !rom the turbochar&er should be co"ered *ith can"as. 0"oid EG, cleanin& i! the ship mi&ht proceed in a narro* passa&e as the spar( *ill be e"ident durin& narro* passa&e.
Function =: 1.2ii!erence ,et*een Vane Vane and -am t#pe Steerin& Gear ,asicall# there r ) t#pes o! electroh#drualic steerin& &ear. -otar# -otar# "ane t#pe and -am t#pe steerin& &ear.. -am t#pe steerin& &ear uses c#linder and hi&h pressure oil actin& on the piston arran&ement. 'he &ear piston is connected to the ram% ram connected to the tiller. 'iller 'iller connected to the rudder stoc( *hich creates the rudder mo"ement. In the "ane steerin& uses the hi&h pressure 0ctin& the the side o! the "ane. In the rotar# "ane unli(e ram t#pe t#pe the "anes or directl# connected to the boss *hich 8xed *ith the rudder stoc( in turn mo"in& the rudder. ).'#pes o! 7eat Exchan&ers 5ac Geor&e boo(. /.FWG Condensor and E"aporator Cleanin& Cleanin& procedure "aries *ith the t#pe o! FWG. 7o*e"er the condenser should be cleaned e"er# =monthl# and e"aporator should be cleanin& should be done e"er# / monthl# as a thumb rule. In a plate t#pe • •
• •
•
•
•
'he pump should be stopped% "accum released and the FWG FWG is drained. Shell co"er opened. 5easurements ha"e to be ta(en !rom the end plate to the shell or to the end to the bolt and these measurements are noted !or re!erence. 'he end plate nuts ha"e to be be loosened e"enl# and the end plate plate remo"ed Bo* the plates ha"e to be remo"ed and care should be ta(en to note the order o! the plates arran&ements 0!ter cleanin& cleanin& the plates all the &as(ets to be chec(ed chec(ed and the plates arran&ed in the same order as ta(en out. End plates put bac( and the bolts e"enl# ti&htened to the measurements *hich *as ta(en ta(en be!ore. Bo* the CW inlet to the FWG is opened slo*l# and then e"aporator is chec(ed !or lea(a&es. 'hen same procedure procedure is carried out !or !or the condenser. condenser.
4.-e!ri&erator 4.-e!ri&era tor suction pipe cold and icein& is !ound on the pipe sur!ace What is the reason • • • • •
'hermostatic "al"e "al"e not *or(in& properl# properl#.. 'hermostatic "al"e "al"e bulb bro(en bro(en 'hermostatic "al"e "al"e stuc( in open position. 5oisture in the s#stem. Ail in the s#stem leadin& the stuc(in& o! "al"es.
;.Compressor "al"e lea(in& ho* *ill u 8nd and *hat is the tool used !or lappin& •
• •
•
,# conductin& per!ormance test. 'ime ta(en !or 8llin& the air bottle !rom )4barD /9bar is noted and (ept as re!erence an# increase in time *ill indicate "al"e lea(a&e. ,# measurin& the air outlet temperature o! the compressor compressor.. 0!ter ta(in& the "al"e carr# out a lea( test or +ersian blue test on the "al"e plate and the "al"e seat. It is called as lappin& tool in &eneral but I dont (no* the ri&ht name.
=.Emer&enc# Fire Fire +ump not de"elopin& Enou&h +ressur +ressure e reasons • • • • •
Suction "al"e shut partiall# Suction 8lter choc(ed. 2ischar&e "al"e shut partiall#. ) or more 7#drants (ept open on dec(. Wear rin& *orn out.
1696)91/ Function Functio n applied: / 4b Sur"e#or: 5rsenthil(umar sir Function /: 1.What is bonean cur"e
Function =: 1.2ii!erence ,et*een Vane Vane and -am t#pe Steerin& Gear ,asicall# there r ) t#pes o! electroh#drualic steerin& &ear. -otar# -otar# "ane t#pe and -am t#pe steerin& &ear.. -am t#pe steerin& &ear uses c#linder and hi&h pressure oil actin& on the piston arran&ement. 'he &ear piston is connected to the ram% ram connected to the tiller. 'iller 'iller connected to the rudder stoc( *hich creates the rudder mo"ement. In the "ane steerin& uses the hi&h pressure 0ctin& the the side o! the "ane. In the rotar# "ane unli(e ram t#pe t#pe the "anes or directl# connected to the boss *hich 8xed *ith the rudder stoc( in turn mo"in& the rudder. ).'#pes o! 7eat Exchan&ers 5ac Geor&e boo(. /.FWG Condensor and E"aporator Cleanin& Cleanin& procedure "aries *ith the t#pe o! FWG. 7o*e"er the condenser should be cleaned e"er# =monthl# and e"aporator should be cleanin& should be done e"er# / monthl# as a thumb rule. In a plate t#pe • •
• •
•
•
•
'he pump should be stopped% "accum released and the FWG FWG is drained. Shell co"er opened. 5easurements ha"e to be ta(en !rom the end plate to the shell or to the end to the bolt and these measurements are noted !or re!erence. 'he end plate nuts ha"e to be be loosened e"enl# and the end plate plate remo"ed Bo* the plates ha"e to be remo"ed and care should be ta(en to note the order o! the plates arran&ements 0!ter cleanin& cleanin& the plates all the &as(ets to be chec(ed chec(ed and the plates arran&ed in the same order as ta(en out. End plates put bac( and the bolts e"enl# ti&htened to the measurements *hich *as ta(en ta(en be!ore. Bo* the CW inlet to the FWG is opened slo*l# and then e"aporator is chec(ed !or lea(a&es. 'hen same procedure procedure is carried out !or !or the condenser. condenser.
4.-e!ri&erator 4.-e!ri&era tor suction pipe cold and icein& is !ound on the pipe sur!ace What is the reason • • • • •
'hermostatic "al"e "al"e not *or(in& properl# properl#.. 'hermostatic "al"e "al"e bulb bro(en bro(en 'hermostatic "al"e "al"e stuc( in open position. 5oisture in the s#stem. Ail in the s#stem leadin& the stuc(in& o! "al"es.
;.Compressor "al"e lea(in& ho* *ill u 8nd and *hat is the tool used !or lappin& •
• •
•
,# conductin& per!ormance test. 'ime ta(en !or 8llin& the air bottle !rom )4barD /9bar is noted and (ept as re!erence an# increase in time *ill indicate "al"e lea(a&e. ,# measurin& the air outlet temperature o! the compressor compressor.. 0!ter ta(in& the "al"e carr# out a lea( test or +ersian blue test on the "al"e plate and the "al"e seat. It is called as lappin& tool in &eneral but I dont (no* the ri&ht name.
=.Emer&enc# Fire Fire +ump not de"elopin& Enou&h +ressur +ressure e reasons • • • • •
Suction "al"e shut partiall# Suction 8lter choc(ed. 2ischar&e "al"e shut partiall#. ) or more 7#drants (ept open on dec(. Wear rin& *orn out.
1696)91/ Function Functio n applied: / 4b Sur"e#or: 5rsenthil(umar sir Function /: 1.What is bonean cur"e
a cur"e !ormed b# plottin& trans"erse sectional areas measured up to each *aterline a&ainst a "ertical axis representin& the *aterlineH thus the hori?ontal distance measured !rom the cur"e to the "ertical axis &i"es the area o! the section !rom the baseline to that particular *aterlineH usuall# sets o! cur"es are obtained !or each sectionH these cur"es !acilitate immersed "olume to be obtained !or *aterlines that are not parallel to baseline
).What happens to dra!t *hen ship sail !rom !resh *ater to sea *ater% *h#% i! densit# chan&e *ill mass chan&e 2ensit# mass6"olume. 5ass 5ass remains a constant thus densit# is in"ersel# proportional to the "olume. 'hus *hen the densit# increase increase the "olume decreases decreases and *hen the densit# densit# decreases the "olume increases. Volume Volume is &i"en b# the !ormula J,2ra!t. 'hus in this *e can &et the chan&e o! "olume is due to the chan&e in the dra!t.
/.2ra* and Explain JA0% J,+ JCF -eeds boo(.
4.0nnex 1: dischar&e criteria En&ine room pump room dischar&e criteria Discharges outside special areas 2. 0n# dischar&e into the sea o! oil or oil# mixtures !rom ships o! 499 &ross tonna&e and abo"e shall be prohibited except *hen all the !ollo*in& conditions are satis8ed: .1. .1. the ship is proceedin& en routeH .2. .2. the oil# mixture is processed throu&h an oil 8lterin& euipment meetin& the reuirements o! this 0nnexH .3. .3. the oil content o! the eLuent *ithout dilution does not exceed 1; parts per millionH .4. .4. the oil# mixture does not ori&inate !rom car&o pump room bil&es on oil tan(ersH and .5. .5. the oil# mixture% in case o! oil tan(ers% is not mixed *ith oil car&o residues. 2ischar&es in special areas 0n# dischar&e into the sea o! oil or oil# mixtures !rom ships o! 499 &ross tonna&e and abo"e shall be prohibited except *hen all o! the !ollo*in& conditions are satis8ed: .1. .1. the ship is proceedin& en routeH .2. .2. the oil# mixture is processed throu&h an oil 8lterin& euipment meetin& the reuirements o! re&ulation 14.< o! this 0nnexH .3. .3. the oil content o! the eLuent *ithout dilution does not exceed 1; parts per millionH .4. .4. the oil# mixture does not ori&inate !rom car&o pump room bil&es on oil tan(ersH and .5. .5. the oil# mixture% in case o! oil tan(ers% is not mixed *ith oil car&o residues. 4. In respect o! the 0ntarctic area% an# dischar&e into the sea o! oil or oil# mixtures !rom an# ship shall be prohibited.
5. Bothin& in this re&ulation shall prohibit a ship on a "o#a&e onl# part o! *hich is in a special area !rom dischar&in& outside a special area in accordance *ith para&raphs ) o! this re&ulation. From car&o area o! an oil tan(er Discharges outside special areas .1. .1. the tan(er is not *ithin a special areaH .2. .2. the tan(er is more than ;9 nautical miles !rom the nearest landH .3. .3. the tan(er is proceedin& en routeH .4. .4. the instantaneous rate o! dischar&e o! oil content does not exceed /9 litres per nautical mileH .5. .5. the total uantit# o! oil dischar&ed into the sea does not exceed !or tan(ers deli"ered on or be!ore /1 2ecember 1<% 161;%999 o! the total total uantit# o! the particular car&o o! *hich the residue !ormed !ormed a part% and !or tan(ers deli"ered a!ter /1 2ecember 1<% 16/9%999 16/9%999 o! the total uantit# o! the t he particular car&o o! *hich the residue !ormed a partH and .6. .6. the tan(er has in operation an oil dischar&e monitorin& and control s#stem and a slop tan( arran&ement. an# dischar&e into the sea o! oil or oil# mixture !rom the car&o area o! an oil tan(er shall be prohibited *hile in a special area ;.Explain AWS% A25E Ail tan(ers o! 1;9 &ross tonna&e and abo"e shall be euipped *ith an oil dischar&e monitorin& and control s#stem appro"ed b# the 0dministration. 'he s#stem shall be 8tted *ith a recordin& de"ice to pro"ide a continuous record o! the dischar&e in litres per nautical mile and total uantit# dischar&ed% or the oil content and rate o! dischar&e. 'his record shall be identi8able as to time and date and shall be (ept !or at least three #ears. 'he oil dischar&e monitorin& and control s#stem shall come into operation *hen there is an# dischar&e o! eLuent into the sea and shall be such as *ill ensure that an# dischar&e o! oil# mixture is automaticall# stopped *hen the instantaneous rate o! dischar&e o! oil exceeds that permitted b# re&ulation /4 o! /4 o! this 0nnex. 5ainl# used in the dischar&e o! the bil&e &eneratin& !rom the car&o area. an# ship o! 499 &ross tonna&e and abo"e but less than 19%999 &ross tonna&e shall be 8tted *ith oil 8lterin& euipment. I! more than 19%999 &ross tonna&e Ail 8lterin& euipment shall also be pro"ided *ith arran&ements to ensure that an# dischar&e o! oil# mixtures is automaticall# stopped *hen the oil content o! the eLuent exceeds 1; parts per million. 5ainl# used in the dischar&e o! en&ine room bil&es. =.What is '+C 'onnes per centimeter is de8ned as the tons loaded or dischar&ed !rom a ship in order to chan&e the 'onnes dra!t b# 1cm in salt *ater. It enables the master to ma(e a uic( calculation mainl# in case o! 8re on board. Kno*in& the no o! hose used !or 8re 8&htin& and the dia o! the no??les the mass o! *ater enterin& or used !or 8&htin& 8re can be (no*n then chan&e in trim can be calculated. Muic(l#. Muic(l#.
<.7o* *ill #ou dierentiate ships b# its len&th 2ont (no*
Function 4b:
1.What is mean eecti"e pressure Is a "aluable measurement o! the en&ines capacit# to do *or( that is independent o! the en&ine displacement. It is also called as the a"era&e p ressure exerted on the piston durin& the po*er stro(e. 5ean eecti"e pressure depends on the compression ratio% timin& o! !uel inection% amount o! !uel inected !or combustion.
).Where does exhaust &as &oes a!ter turbochar&er From the turbochar&er to &oes to the EG, or Economiser o! the boiler dependin& on the desi&n and then to the upta(e and then atmosphere.
/.What all *ill #ou inspect in SC0VEBGE space •
•
Isolate the en&ine. Sca"en&e space to be consider as enclosed spaces hence permit has to be obtained and the atmosphere tested.
•
Inspection throu&h sca"en&e space.
•
Inspect the piston !or carbon deposit.
•
Intact piston cro*n
•
Inspect the piston cro*n !or burnin& b# means o! template.
•
Jea(a&es such as J.A% *ater% !uel oil.
•
•
+iston rin& inspection !or intact rin&% carbon deposit% !ree mo"ement. +osition o! the butt to be noted and chec(ed each time to 8nd out the rin& is rotatin& or not% measure the butt clearance i! possible. I! the piston rin&s r blac( its a indication o! blo* bac(. Jiner to be inspected% machinin& mar(s to be seen% c#linder lubricated manual this is chec(ed. General condition o! the exhaust "al"e and !uel inected can be seen.
•
Condition o! the piston rod an# corrosion
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Sca"en&e box slud&e
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Bon return "al"e $ap "al"es inspection
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Water mist catcher inspection !or corrosion% crac(s and drain to be !ree
•
,lo*er $ap used be !ree.
4.2ra* characteristic cur"e o! centri!u&al pump 5ac Geor&e boo( ;.2ra* explain dischar&e "al"e o! !uel pump =.Explain the principle o! F-ES7 W0'E- GEBW-0'A- to a la#man
2ate: )96961/ Internal: choudhr# 0pplied: all !unction Function /: 1.annex = re&% documents carried 0nnex = mainl# deals *ith •
Green house &asesNCA) emission% Volatile &ases !rom the car&oO
•
BAx% Sox limits N0cid rainO.
•
A?one depletion.
•
Fuel oil ualit#
7ence documents carried on board are BAx technical 8le% EI0++ certi8cate% I0++ certi8cate. Fuel oil ,2B. Incinerator t#pe appro"al certi8cate. 0nnex = record boo(. Which (eeps a record o! all A2+ &as such as re! &ases on board -A,. Consumption o! JS7FA. Start o! chan&e o"er -A, be!ore and a!ter consumption. Ship ener&# e>cienc# mana&ement plan NSEE5+O.
).IS5% doc carried International sa!et# mana&ement. It *as de"eloped !or •
'o ensure sa!et# procedure on board
•
'o pre"ent human inur#
•
'o a"oid dama&es to en"ironment
•
'o a"oid dama&e to propert#
IS5 became mandator# in 1@. IS5 consist o! t*o parts +art 0 and +art , +art 0 are mandator# and consist o! 1) elements +art , are certi8cation and "eri8cation. 2ocuments carried are 2AC *hich is issued to the compan# and rene*ed at a period o! ;#rs% a cop# o! 2AC (ept on boad ship. S5C is issued to ship and rene*ed at a period o! ; #rs. N2ACD 2ocuments o! compliance% S5CD sa!et# mana&ement certi8cateO.
/.G'%B'%2educted spaces% displacement
Gross tonna&eD b# addin& the underdec( tonna&e% the tonna&e o! all enclosed space% bet*een upper dec( and )nd dec(% the tonna&e o! all enclosed spaces abo"e the upper dec( toðer *ith an# portion o! hatch*a# exceedin& P o! the &ross tonna&e. Bet tonna&eD is obtained b# deductin& !rom &ross tonna&e% the tonna&e o! spaces *hich are reuired !or the sa!e *or(in& o! the ship. 2educted spaces are •
5aster accommodation
•
Cre* accommodation
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Wheel house% chart room% radio room and na"i&ation aids room
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Chain loc(er% steerin& &ear spaces% anchor &ear spaces
•
Spaces !or batteries and sa!et# euipments
•
p6p room i! outside the en&ine room
2isplacementD the mass o! the ship and e"er#thin& it contains. 0 ship has dierent "al"es o! displacement at dierent drau&hts.
Function 4b 1.c#l l.o properties. •
0deuate "iscosit# at *or(in& temperature *hich enables the oil to spreads o"er the entire liner sur!ace.
•
Eecti"e seal bet*een rin&s and the liner.
•
Anl# to !orm a so!t deposit *hen burnt
•
0l(alinit# le"el must match the acidit#o! the oil bein& burnt
•
2eter&enc# and dispersanc# properties in order to hold the deposit in suspension thus (eepin& the sur!ace clean
/."iscosit# index: Is the arbitrar# measure !or the chan&e o! "iscosit# *ith "ariation in temperature. 'he lo*er "iscosit# index the &reater the chan&e in "iscosit# o! the oil *ith temperature. 'he "iscosit# index has be set up b# Societ# o! automoti"e en&ineerNS0EO.
4.prismatic co e>cient. 'he ratio o! the "olume o! displacement o! a ship to that o! a prism eual in len&th to the distance bet*een perpendiculars o! the ship and in cross section to that o! the immersed midship section.
;.centri!u&al p6p principle. 'he basic principle on *hich a centri!u&al pump *or(s is that *hen a certain mass o! liuid is made to rotate b# an external !orce% it is thro*n a*a# !rom the central axis o! rotation and a centri!u&al head is impressed *hich enables it to rise to a hi&her le"el. Bo* i! more liuid is constantl# made a"ailable at the center o! rotation% a continuous suppl# o! liuid at hi&her le"el ma# be ensured. Since in these pumps the li!tin& o! the liuid is due to centri!u&al action% these pumps are called centri!u&al pumps
Function ;: 1.batter# room sa!eties -e!er 5ac Geor&e boo(.
).alternator maintenance% Isolate the alternator and also the space heater. Chec( the *irin& !or dama&es% ti&htness o! the connection% and condition o! the insulation. Si&ns o! oil and *ater on the terminal connection. 0ir inta(e 8lter to be chan&ed. Cleanin& o! the stator *indin& and rotor *indin&. Chec( !or minor abrasion can be repaired b# application o! dr# "arnish. Insulation testin& o! stator and rotor *indin& a!ter the disconnection o! the electronic euipments. 0ir &ap measurement 1.; to ).; mm max.
/."olta&e is not de"olopin&% reasons 0V- not !unctionin& properl#. Joose connection. Go"ernor not !unctionin& properl#. 5ista(el# adusted Volta&e trimmer on the s*itchboard.
Function =: 1.!*& s not producin& "acuum% # •
Eductor pump 8lter choc(ed.
•
+ump not de"elopin& pressure.
•
Sea *ater inlet to the !resh *ater &enerator is choc(ed.
•
FWG shell &as(et lea(in&.
•
0ux. connection such as "acuum &au&e% temperature &au&e etc are lea(in&.
•
Eductor choc(ed.
•
Sea *ater outlet6 o"erboard "al"e closed or partiall# shut.
•
2rain "al"e o! FWG opened.
).puri8er s "ibratin&% # 'he main reason !or puri8er are 'oo much slud&e deposit. ,earin& *orn out.N"ertical sha!t bearin&O I! the puri8er has been opened !or o"erhaul then improper boxin& up o! the bo*l not !ollo*in& the mar(in&s.
4.bil&e p6p s not ta(in& suction% # •
Filter choc(ed.
•
5ore than ) suction "al"e (ept opened.
•
7ole in the pipeline.
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Vent lea(in& or opened or the 8lter not boxed bac( properl#.
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Suction pressure &au&e connection lea(in& or holed.
•
2ama&ed to the stator% rotor.
FUN 6 1.PROCEDURE FOR TAKING TAPPET CLEARANCE FOR NO:5 UNIT ? NO FLYWHEEL MARKING , NO FUEL PUMP MARKING ...
Apen the cam case and *hen the !uel cam reaches its top% indicates the unit is in its 8rin& stro(e or compression stro(e. 2urin& this period the inlet and exhaust "al"e are in closed position. 'his can be chec(ed b# rotatin& the push rods inlet and exhaust "al"e these push rod must be !ree to rotate. With this position the tappet clearance can be ta(en.
2.CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARTS AND ITS PURPOSE ?
+ump main housin&% Impeller% Impeller seal% bearin&% sha!t seal% sha!t slee"e% sha!t. Impeller nut% couplin&s% *ear rin&
552 Chennai: 2ate:)9.9.)91/ External:5r.Gopi(rishna5r.Choudar#
Internal: Bil F/: 1.2ead *ei&ht% Ji&ht *ei&ht% 2isplacement% Ji&ht *ei&htD is the mass o! the empt# ship% *ithout stores% !uel% *ater% cre* or their eect. 2ead *ei&htD the mass o! car&o% !uel% *ater% stores etc.. a ship carries. 'he dead*ei&ht is the dierence bet*een the displacement and the li&ht*ei&ht. 2isplacementDthe mass o! the ship and e"er#thin& it contain. ). What is !reein& port Jar&e openin& must be cut in the bottom o! the bul*ar( to allo* the *ater to $o* o the dec( *hen a hea"# sea is shipped. 'hese openin& are called !reein& port. Failure to clear the *ater could cause the ship to capsi?e. 4. Ism chapter implementation #ear. Implantation #r is 1@ Consist o! 1) chapter. General% Ships sa!et# and en"ironmental polic# Compan#s responsibilit# and authorit# 2esi&nated person 5asters responsibilit# and authorit# -esources and personnel 2e"elopment o! plans !or ship board operations Emer&enc# preparedness -eport and anal#sis o! accidents Nris( assessmentO 5aintenance o! ship board euipments 2ocumentation Compan# "eri8cation and re"ie* and e"aluation. ;. 0nnex =% BAQ SAQ "alues. 0llo*able "alues o! Box Sox in normal special areas. Tier I constructed on or a!ter 1 anuar# )999 and prior to 1 anuar# )911 is prohibited% except *hen the emission o! nitro&en oxides Ncalculated as the total *ei&hted emission o! BA)O !rom the en&ine is *ithin the !ollo*in& limits% *here n rated en&ine speed Ncran(sha!t re"olutions per minuteO: .1. 1<.9 &6(Wh *hen n is less than 1/9 rpmH .2. 4; R nND9.)O &6(Wh *hen n is 1/9 or more but less than )%999 rpmH .3. .@ &6(Wh *hen n is )%999 rpm or more. Tier II constructed on or a!ter 1 anuar# )911 is prohibited% except *hen the emission o! nitro&en oxides Ncalculated as the total *ei&hted emission o! BA)O !rom the en&ine is *ithin the !ollo*in& limits% *here n rated en&ine speed Ncran(sha!t re"olutions per minuteO: .1. 14.4 &6(Wh *hen n is less than 1/9 rpmH
.2. 44 R nND9.)/O &6(Wh *hen n is 1/9 or more but less than )%999 rpmH .3. <.< &6(Wh *hen n is )%999 rpm or more.
Tier III constructed on or a!ter 1 anuar# )91=: .1. is prohibited except *hen the emission o! nitro&en oxides Ncalculated as the total *ei&hted emission o! BA)O !rom the en&ine is *ithin the !ollo*in& limits% *here n rated en&ine speed Ncran(sha!t re"olutions per minuteO: .1.1 . /.4 &6(Wh *hen n is less than 1/9 rpmH .1.2 . R nND9.)O &6(Wh *hen n is 1/9 or more but less than )%999 rpmH and .1.3 . ).9 &6(Wh *hen n is )%999 rpm or moreH Emission Control Area 6. For the purposes o! this re&ulation% emission control areas shall be: .1. the Borth 0merican area% *hich means the area described b# the coordinates pro"ided in appendix VII to this 0nnexH and .2. an# other sea area% includin& an# port area% desi&nated b# the Ar&ani?ation. General Requirements 1. 'he sulphur content o! an# !uel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the !ollo*in& limits: .1. 4.;9 m6m prior to 1 anuar# )91)H .2. /.;9 m6m on and a!ter 1 anuar# )91)H and .3. 9.;9 m6m on and a!ter 1 anuar# )9)9. 2. 'he *orld*ide a"era&e sulphur content o! residual !uel oil supplied !or use on board ships shall be monitored ta(in& into account &uidelines de"eloped b# the Ar&ani?ation. see !ootnote Requirements within emission control areas 3. For the purpose o! this re&ulation% emission control areas shall include: .1. the ,altic Sea area and the Borth Sea .2. the Borth 0merican areaH and .3. an# other sea area% includin& an# port area% desi&nated b# the Ar&ani?ation 4. While ships are operatin& *ithin an emission control area% the sulphur content o! !uel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the !ollo*in& limits: .1. 1.;9 m6m prior to 1 ul# )919H .2. 1.99 m6m on and a!ter 1 ul# )919H and .3. 9.19 m6m on and a!ter 1 anuar# )91;.
=. CA) room *ee(l# chec(. Exhaust !an and li&htin& in CA) room • •
General condition o! the co) bottles.Nsecurin& means% corrosion o! the bottle baseO
•
CA) mani!old pressure &au&e this is a indication o! CA) lea(in&
•
General condition o! the *ire ropes &reasin& o! the *ire.
•
Condition o! the damper *hether it is !ree to close and open.
•
0ir ductin&s in the room.Ncorrosion% duct !ree to operateO
•
Finall# an# *ater accumulation.
Fn 4,:
1.What is ac! pressure "al"e in re#rigeration plant . 'he re! &as used on board the ship has the abilit# to brin& the temp o! less than D))oc. but in case o! the "e& room the temp reuired is around 4oc. thus it is not reuired to allo* the re! &as to expand. Since saturatin& temp is directl# proportional to saturation pressure. 'hus bac( pressure "al"e is used to restrict the pressure drop so that the desired temp is obtained. When the pressure is increased b# bac( pressure "al"e the temp reuired to e"aporate the re! li is also increased. 'his is the main reason !or usin& bac( pressure "al"e in "e& room. In some text boo( the# also sa# that the bac( pressure "al"e also pre"ents the bac( $o* o! re! !rom meat and 8sh room into "e& room. Since the temp reuired !or the "e& is less hence the solenoid "al"e is shut *hen the meat room and 8sh room temp is not attained then there can be a $o* o! re! &as !rom these room into "e& room. /. Fire point% $ash point Fire point is the lo*est temperature at *hich the "olatile combustible substance produces su>cient "apors *hich continues to burn in air *hen introduced *ith a source o! i&nition. Flash point is the lo*est temperature at *hich the "olatile combustible substance produces su>cient "apours *hich produces a momentar# 8re6$ames *hen introduced *ith a source o! i&nition. F;: What is brushless &enerator. 5ac Geor&e.
Steerin& &ear motor sa!eties. •
A"erload alarm
•
Sin&le phasin& protection.
•
Emer&enc# po*er source.
•
+o*er !ailure alarm.
•
0utomatic chan&e o"er o! motor.
• • •
'hic(er *indin&s !or the motor% motor *ill burn out on o"erload but *ill not trip. -e"erse direction interloc(.Npa*l and ratchet% direction "al"eO 'hen as !ar as possible its o*n separate circuit supplied !rom a steerin& &ear po*er circuit !rom a point *ithin the steerin& &ear compartment% or directl# !rom s*itchboard busbars suppl#in& that steerin& &ear po*er circuit at a point on the s*itchboard adacent to the suppl# to the steerin& &ear po*er circuit.
ES,2 suppl# machineries. emergency lighting:
.1. in all ser"ice and accommodation alle#*a#s% stair*a#s and exits% personnel li!t cars and personnel li!t trun(sH .2. in the machiner# spaces and main &eneratin& stations includin& their control positionsH .3. in all control stations% machiner# control rooms% and at each main and emer&enc# s*itchboardH
.4. at all sto*a&e positions !or 8remens out8tsH .5. at the steerin& &earH .6. at the 8re pump at the sprin(ler pump% i! an#% and at the emer&enc# bil&e pump at the startin& positions o! their motorsH and .7. in all car&o pumpDrooms o! tan(ers all internal communication euipment% the 8re detection and 8re alarm s#stemH and .4. intermittent operation o! the da#li&ht si&nallin& lamp% the ships *histle% the manuall# operated call points and all internal si&nals that are reuired in an emer&enc#H
0lternator speci8cation Ship speci8c. F=
,oiler &au&e &lass blo* do*n procedure. -e! reeds &eneral !or dia&rams Close the *ater inlet and steam inlet "al"e • •
Apen the drain "al"e.
•
Bo* open the *ater side "al"e to con8rm that the *ater side "al"e is not choc(ed.
•
Close the *ater side "al"e.
•
Apen the steam side "al"e and con8rm the steam side is not choc(ed. 'hen close the "al"e.
•
Close the drain "al"e.
•
Apen the *ater side "al"e chec( i! drain "al"e is lea(in&.
•
Bo* open the steam side "al"e.
•
Water side "al"e has a ball to pre"ent *ater comin& out in case o! &lass b rea(a&e and steam has a ori8ce as protection
Cascade tan! is mi$ed with oil. what is the action. Con8rm the cascade tan( is mixed *ith oil Apen the manhole or the inspection door pro"ided on the cascade tan(. Chec( the 8lter condition these &i"e a !air condition o! the oil lea(a&e. 2onot drain the cascade tan(. 'he best *a# is o"er$o* the cascade tan( so that oil comes out 5eantime chec( the return steam trap to chec( *hich o! the heaters coils r lea(in&. When !ound isolate In most case oil mi&ht not enter the boiler as the boiler !eed p6p suction is at the bottom and the oil $oats at the top. 0s a precaution it is better to (eep a close e#e on the al(alinit# o! the boiler *ater b# chemical test. 2onot blo*do*n the boiler. 0nd also as precaution add liuid coa&ulant in case the oil entered is small amount and $ash bottom blo*do*n. I! there is a doubt the oil entered is too much then stop the boiler cool do*n the boiler open the access hole and o"er$o* the boiler. 'hen carr# out chemical cleanin& b# addin& BaA7 and deter&ents and circulate to remo"e the oil. 5anual &i"es the procedure better to !ollo* the manu!actures instruction. E6- *atch ta(e o"er procedure. Start !rom the top !or eas# understandin&. Come atleast 1; min be!ore the *atch time. Chec( Fire station room to chec( the air pressure o! uic( closin& "al"e% drain the air bottle and top up the air bottle.
Go outside and chec( the colour o! the smo(e !rom the !unnel Tse the !unnel door and come in. chec( all the li&htin& are proper 0s *e come do*n chec( *hether the 8re detectors are !unctionin& properl# b# seein& the blin(in& li&ht on the detector. Chec( the EG, bac(pressure and inlet and outlet temp. circulatin& pump pressures. 0s *e ta(e round chec( all the motor temp b# touch and also "ibration. Chec( the p6p pressures and ampere. ,oiler &au&e &lass blo*do*n. Chec( boiler pressure and also soot blo* the EG, and ,oiler. Chec( air bottle pressure and drain the air bottle. 2rain the settlin& tan( and ser"ice tan(. Chec( the puri8er condition $o* rate% bac( pressure% temp ampere% "ibration manuall# dischar&e the puri8er. Chec( the suppl# and booster p6p o! m6e% &enerator en&ine% boiler Chec( the bac(*ash 8lter condition and manuall# bac(*ash the !uel oil 8lters o! 56E and 06E. Chec( the FWG% "acuum% shell temp% CW inlet and outlet% sea *ater inlet and outlet temp and press chemical dosin& Chec( the 7' cooler% Jt coolers% Jo cooler inlet and outlet temp and press and also !or lea(a&es Chec( the runnin& 06E !or exhaust temp% CW temp and press% F. A temp and press% sca"en&e air temp and press% Jo cooler temp and press. Fuel pump area% '6C chec( !or "ibrations% chec( cran(case door !or lea(a&e. -pm. Chec( S',U 06E !or the primin& p6p runnin&% CW temp% F.A temp and press% startin& air press% *hether in auto and remote startin&. Chec( the 56E parameter such as CW press% temp% Jo temp and +ress% sca"en&e temp and press% exhaust temp. '6C temp inlet and outlet. 0ir cooler CW inlet and oulet temp% 0ir inlet and Autlet temp% !uel p6p index. Exhaust "al"e rotation% chec( the drain o! the sca"en&e box. Chec( the cascade tan( le"el and temp and also !or oil. ,oiler !eed p6p press and ampere. 0ir compressor oil le"el and *ait to chec( a compressor *ater press% each sta&e air pressure *ater $o* and oil le"el and pressure. Chec( all sea *ater p6p pressure and ampere. Chec( the 8re p6p is in remote mode and i! an# p6p is in isolated mode. Chec( the m&ps and the iccp and the sea suction *hich is in use Chec( the bil&es !or lea(a&e and also le"el. 'a(e o"er$o* tan( soundin&s% bil&e tan(% slud&e tan(% oil# bil&e tan(% 56E Jo sump. Chec( the oil le"el in stern tube a!t seal and also !*d seal tan( and chec( the p6p press and stern oil temp. Chec( the emer&enc# escape !or li&htin&. Chec( the temp o! thrust bearin&% Jo $o* in the intermediate bearin&% piston Jo $o*% touch and !eelin& the cran(case door. Bo* &o to the steerin& room chec( !or lea(a&e and also an# oil accumulation in the steerin& &ear bil&e. Chec( the emer&enc# 8re p6p space !or lea(a&es and also li&htin&. Chec( the emer&enc# &enerator room !or lea(a&es and chec( *hether the &enerator is in auto and remote mode. Come into the ctrl room chec( the load on the &enerator% other &enerators are on standb#% no o! pump runnin& and also the amperes% chec( *hether the )4 V dc is in stb#. 56E rpm% load% '6c rpm 0larm histor#. 0nd *atch (eepin& note to see the *or( done durin& the pre"ious *atch an# adustments etc3. 5a(e a brie! discussion *ith the other *atch (eeper about the adustments and an# prob !aced dur in& his *atch and ta(e o"er the *atch. 'hese are brie! i! an# point is missed pl? do add.
What chec(s to be made in motors % *hen ta(in& rounds In *atch. 'ouch and !eel the temp. 'a(e a temp &un and chec( the temp o! the bearin& !*d and a!t bearin& o! the motor. Chec( !or "ibrations. Chec( the ampere. Grease the motor *ee(l#.
Stb# motor to be rotated to chec( *hether the# are !ree to rotate.
sur"e#or: 5r.Cho*dar#5r.Gopi(rishna date:)96961/ !unction/: 1. ,ul(carrier sa!eties Solars chapter QII deals *ith additional sa!eties !or bul( carrier It main deals *ith @ main points. 2ama&e stabilit#NJ1;9 m% ship remains a$oat e"en *ith one car&o hold !ull $ooded *ith car&o densit# 1999K&6m/O Structural stren&th Stabilit# boo(letNshould be pro"ided *ith dama&e stabilit# boo(letO Water in&ress alarmN t*o alarm 1O 9.; m !rom bottom and 1; or not more than )m !rom bottom in the car&o hold% )O 'an(s !*d o! collision b(d *ith a alarm o! 19 o! the tan( capacit#. 0larm location brid&eO Joadicator. NJ1;9 m pro"ided *ith so!t*are !or calculatin& the stree and strain on the &ridersO 2e*aterin& !or comparements.Nshould !acilitate remote operation o! "6" !rom brid&e6ctrl room !or pumpin& out o! *ater in hold or tan(s !*d o! collision b(dO Solid car&os densit# declaration Nprior loadin& the shipper to declare the densit# o! the car&oO ES+Nenhanced sur"e# pro&ramONJ1;9m and 19 #rs and abo"eO
2. wh !"#$%& '%(( )&%%*+"& -+/"&% !+ *0'$ -"&&%&. •
•
•
•
Car&o densit# o! the tan(er is more or less eual to the sea *ater densit# *hereas car&o densit# in bul( carrier is more than 1999(&6m/ Jon&itudual !ramin& in oil tan(ers *hereas in bul( carriers are trans"erse !ramed becos o! hold space openin&s Car&o spaces *ater in&ress chances are less as the dec( openin& are small in oil tan(ers *hereas in bul( carrier dec( open in !orm o! hatches are lar&e hence chance o! *ater in&ress is more% +ermeabilit# o! the car&o space in oil tan(er is almost ?ero but in case o! bul( carrier it is considered 9.=;D9.9 dependin& on car&o. 'hus in case o! *ater there is added *ei&ht.
/. Car&o hold bil&es alarms in bul( carrier *here it *ill indicates. ,rid&e 56c ctrl room Car&o ctrl room
!unction 4b:
1. *h# &enerator exhaust &as temperature &oin& hi&h !or a particular unit reasons. •
Exhaust "al"e lea(in&.
•
Fuel rac( adusted too much.
•
•
•
•
'imin& adusted earl# inection !uel "al"e. Earl# openin& o! exhaust "6". 'appet adustment *ron&l# adusted. Shims or adustment bolts *ron&l# adusted.
). Generator lube oil $o* explain elaboratel#. From lo p6p ta(es suction !rom sump Goes to Ane branch to 5ain bearin& "ia drill holes into bottom end bearin& and also piston pin and in some cases piston cro*n coolin& bac( to sump. Jiner lubricated b# means o! splash lubrication !rom the bottom end bearin&. 0nother branch &oes !or cam sha!t lubrication% !uel r ac( lubrication% roc(er arm lubrication% '6C bearin&.
/. Generator Jube oil properties. 0ntiDoxidation properties 0ntiD!oamin& 2isperant and deter&ent 7i&h "iscosit# index 7i&h ',B "al"e 0ntiDcorrosi"e
0ble to reduce !riction bet*een mo"in& parts such bearin& lubrication% and also piston liner lubrication.
!unction ;: 1. 7o* man# methods o! parallin&. 'here are ) main method !or parallelin& on board •
•
S#nchronoscope. 'hree lamp method.
We can also lamp method and also "oltmeter !or parallelin& onl# as a emer&enc# method.
). Explain s#nchronoscope detail. Gi"en in 5ac Geor&e electrical
/. *hat is intrensicall# sa!e. Euipment is called intrinsicall# sa!e *hen it doesnt produce a spar( or thermal eect *hich is capable o! i&nition a $ammable atmosphere under normal or at !ault condition.
;. -e"erse po*er trip explain. 5ac Geor&e boo(. =.'rans!ormer *or(in& principle. !uction =: 4. 56E not startin& *hile &i"in& air% reasons. •
-emember the maneu"erin& dia&ram.
•
0ir bottle "6" not opened.
•
5ain startin& air "al"e shut.
•
+ilot air "al"e shut.
•
5ain en&ine ctrl at dierent location.
•
-e"ersin& o! distributor not completed.
•
Control air pressure lo*
•
Emer&enc# stop acti"ated
•
Solenoid "al"es slu&&ish mainl# happens in cold *eather.
•
'urnin& &ear en&a&ed.
•
0ir pressure too lo*.
•
Slo* turnin& in acti"ation
•
•
5ain startin& "a"le stuc(. Indicator "al"es not acti"ated not allo*in& the en&ine to &et -ead# 'o Start si&nal.Nmainl# due to "ibration% loose connectionO
;. +uri8er deslud&e operation manuall#. Stop the oil !eed Apen the main *ater "al"e Apen the sealin& *ater !or 19 sec or until *ater can be seen !rom the si&ht &lass Close the sealin& *ater. Apen the bo*l openin& *ater *e can hear the deslud&e sound close the bo*l openin& *ater. Apen the bo*l closin& *ater !or 19 sec. open the sealin& *ater and chec( the *ater comin& out. Close the sealin& *ater start the oil !eed. Chec( the bac( pressure and !eed rate. Chec( the inspection port o! the de slud&e chamber !or lea(a&e.
<. 2e8ne atomisation. 0tomi?ation is the process o! splittin& the !uel oil into smaller si?e. Which enables the !uel oil to mix *ell *ith the air !or &ood combustion in the en&ine.
2ate: )/DD)91/ Function :/%4b Sur"e#or: mathe*s%&opiKrishnan%redd#
Function /..mathe*s%&opiKrishnan%redd#. 5arpolDdescribe &enerall#. 0nnex 'he International Con"ention !or the +re"ention o! +ollution !rom Ships N50-+AJO *as adopted on ) Bo"ember 1
50-+AJ
7as t*o protocol +rotocol I and protocol II +rotocol I 5ainl# deals *ith the t#pes o! reportin& and reportin& procedures. 'his marine en"ironmental con"ention consists o! six implemented annexes !or controllin& and eliminatin& o! marine pollution. 'he# are as !ollo*s:
0nnex I: -e&ulation !or pre"ention o! pollution b# oil NActober 1@/O. 0nnex II: -e&ulations !or control o! pollution b# Boxious Jiuid Substance in bul( N0pril 1@
Explain annex 1 and =Dcerti8cates and endorsements re&ards to annex = 0nnex 1. Iopp certi8cate '#pe appro"al certi8cate !or A*s% incinerator Form 0 !or bul( carrier and Form , !or oil tan(ers. Ail record boo( part1 and part 1 and ) !or oil tan(er 0nnex = EI0++ I0++ Incinerator t#pe appro"al certi8cate 0nnex = record !or recordin& the -A, o! -e! &as and JS7FA BAx technical 8le. ,2B SEE5+ 'hats all I can remember3.
2ra* the collision bul(head !or #our shipN+CCO% *ater ti&ht doors..arran&ements...pac(in& material that ma(es it *eather ti&ht Wer cab u 8nd these *ater ti&ht doors. 2ra* the do& handle. 0JJ &i"en in reed na"al boo( C%&&I'I%( B) REG*&ATI%( '*++AR, -
From !*d perpendicular D ;J or 19 m 5IB D @J or ;J /m
-
-
I! bulbous bo* is ther o From mid sec o! bulbous bo* o /m !rom !*d perpendicular o 1.; J !rom !*d perpendicular Bo manhole doors% no "entilation% i! reu% 1 or ) holes !or ballastin& 6 de ballastin& !pt. N) holes i! ) t#pes o! liuids are handledO I! super sct is in !*d% then col bh should ha"e an extension Extension is not directl# on top ; J !rom collision bh -amp and bo* door are 8tted *hre ramp not ).4 m hei&ht. I! ).4 m hei&ht then it s not considered as an extention
Function 4bD &opi Krishnan and redd#. 0larms in main en&ine. 0re o! ) main t#pes •
0uto shut do*n
A"erspeed trip
Jo lo* pressure trip
Camsha!t Jo lo* press trip
•
+iston coolin& lo* press trip 'hrust bearin& hi&h temp trip
A52 alarmNin case o! excess oil mistO
Sprin& air press lo* trip
5anual emer&enc# trip
0uto slo* do*n.
Jo hi&h temp CW hi&h temp
+iston coolin& hi&h temp
A52 alarm
•
CW lo* press trip
'hrust bearin& Jo hi&h temp
Control air lo* press
Sca"en&e air hi&h temp
Exhaust &as hi&h temp
Sa!et# de"ices
Cran(case relie! door
Sca"en&e space relie! door
C#linder head relie! "6"
Startin& air relie! "6"
Startin& airline $ame trap
Ail mist detectors
-otational direction interloc(
'urnin& &ear interloc(
Sa!eties bet*een automatic air start "al"e to main en&ine starin& air "al"e. •
Flame trap
•
2rain "6"
•
,leed "6"
•
-elie! "al"e in the mani!old
•
,urstin& disc.
,oiler mountin&sDreasons !or hi&h *ater le"el alarmD*hat happens i! the *ater le"el o! the boiler is hi&hD$ame !ailure alarms reasonsDdra* the smo(e !urnace o! the smo(e tube boiler. ,oiler mountin& are those items *hich are necessar# !or sa!e boiler operation •
+ressure &au&e
•
Steam stop "6"
•
,lo* do*n "6"
•
Sa!et# "6"
•
Gau&e &lass
•
Fusible plu&
•
Vent.
-easons !or hi&h le"el •
•
-WJ controller not !unctionin& properl# 'hree *a# "6" lea(in&.
•
5anual !eed *ater opened
•
5anual !eed *ater "6" lea(in&.
•
•
I! ) boiler ha"e common blo* do*n "6" and both are lea(in& then there is reason !or hi&h le"el I! the chemical dosin& pot line has been le!t in opened position.
+roblems *ith hi&h le"el •
Water starts &ettin& carried *ith the steam
•
Water hammerin& in the steam line
•
I! steam is used as atomi?in& steam !or the burner then the $ame becomes unstead#
•
•
In case o! superheaters *ater carried *ith the steam cause scale !ormation in the superheater tube and can lead to tube !ailure In case steam turbine are used then *ater carried causes dama&e to the turbine.
Flame !ailure •
Jo* !.o temp
•
Jo* F.o press
•
Jo* atomi?ation steam6 air press
•
Flame !ailure sensor !ault#.
•
+ilot burner not 8rin& properl#
•
I&niter not spar(in&.
•
S*irler plate choc(ed.
•
Bo??le choc(ed b# carbon deposit
•
0ir dra!t too hi&h.
•
F.o inlet 8lter choc(ed
•
5ain inlet solenoid "6" choc(ed.
. S3#)-"#-% +) ) +&%& "# ) +&%& +) %#3#%4%/'"# 4'+" "&"!+# "+#3 -'#%&(4h+w !+ )#4wh"! "'' %))%-! ! w'' h"%4wh /&%((0&% ( +&% /+&!"#! #(% -'#%&4wh w% !"$% #-"!+& -"&(4/&+-%0&% +) !"$#3 !h% ("%. 5arine en&ine 8rin& order is desi&ned to distribute the en&ine po*er on the cran(sha!t bearin&s e"enl#. It should also be the optimum 8rin& order to ensure the least en&ine "ibration throu&h balancin& the po*er output alon& *ith consideration &i"en to torsion and axial characteristics. 'he 8rin& order o! these en&ines depends on the number o! c#linders and the approach to "ibration and !ati&ue ta(en b# the en&ine desi&ner and manu!actures
The Importance o# Correct -iring %rder to a +arine Diesel Engine 0 ships diesel en&ine such as 50B% , W% and Sul?er are all desi&ned to ha"e a 8rin& order to meet the !ollo*in& reuirementsH 1. Engine iration 'orsional Vibration caused b# the reciprocatin& components% this is a hi&hl# undesirable condition in a marine en&ine. Bot onl# !or the com!ort o! passen&er and cre*% but also !or the durabilit# o! the en&ine throu&h undue !ati&ue. /. Engine Balance Imbalance o! components is once a&ain the cause o! !ati&ue o! the rotatin& components% especiall# the cran(sha!t. It is imperati"e that the 8rin& order compliments not onl# the balancin& o! the components% but balances the po*er output !rom the c#linders spreadin& the load o"er the len&th o! the cran(sha!t. 0. Gas -orces Enormous &as !orces are produced in the c#linders on the compression68rin& stro(e. 'hese create indi"idual c#linder torue characteristics that are transmitted do*n*ards into the en&ine bloc(% and bedplate "ia the main cran(sha!t bearin&s. •
50BD,W =S=95C = c#linder% ) stro(e% re"ersible% slo* speed marine diesel en&ine D 8rin& order 1%;%/%4%)%=. c#linder pressure is the constantl# chan&in& pressure inside the c#linder. 'here are certain characteristics o! this pressure *hich people ma# *ant identi8ed% li(e pea( NmaximumO c#linder pressure near '2C% or pea( cran(in& compression pressure Npressure at '2C *ithout combustionO% or a"era&e c#linder pressure NI5E+% indicated mean eecti"e pressureO. 'he# are all ust measures o! c#linder pressure at certain times Nor a"era&ed o"er certain timesO. 'hese in turn &i"e the condition o! combustion inside the c#linder. Condition o! !uel inector% exhaust "al"e% and also timin&s.
0ir compressorDsa!etiesDair bottle sa!etiesD*h# *e reuire !usible plu&sDpurpose o! burstin& discD purpose o! unloaderDun loader not *or(in&. 7o* *ill #ou start the compressor manual#.
0ir compressor sa!eties •
A"erload protection.
•
W hi&h temp
•
W lo* press
•
0ir outlet temp hi&h
•
,urstin& disc
•
-elie! "6"
•
Tnloader
•
0uto cutDo6cutDin
•
Jo lo* press cut o6trip
•
0utoD2rain "6"
0ir bottle Sa!eties •
0uto drain6 manual drains
•
Fusible plu&
•
Jo* press alarm
•
7i&h press alarmNi! 8ttedO
•
-elie! "6"
•
Slo* openin& "al"es to pre"ent erosion
'he main purpose o! !usible plu& is in case o! 8re in the en&ine i! *e are not able to release the air press manual due to heat the air press in the bottle *ill increase and *ill lead to bottle rupture and also releasin& more air into the en&ine thus reducin& the e>cienc# o! the 8xed 8re extin&uisher such as CA). With help o! !usible plu& *hen the temp raises the !usible plu& melts and release air to the dec( b# means o! pipin& thus pre"ent the release o! air in the en&ine
Tnloader is mainl# used !or reducin& the load on the motor durin& startin& since the startin& o! the motor at the time o! start is nearl# = times the normal runnin& load. I! the unDloader is !ault# then a!ter each sta&e there is a intercooler *ith manual drain "al"e connected to the auto drain "6" the connection has to be remo"ed and the manual "6" has to be operated manual. 'o be (ept open at the start and close durin& runnin&. 0nd (ept open at stop condition. Compressor at this sta&e has to be started and stopped manuall# not in auto.
date )4D9D1/ !unction / nd ;.. 5r.Venu&opal !unc /.. /. dra* and explain plimsoll load line
;. IA++ comes in SAJ0S under *hich re&ulation and *h# IA++ comes under the 50-+AJ con"ention 0nnex 1. 'he certi8cate consist o! list o! tan(s% capacit# o! the t(% incinerator capacit#.
=. Certi8cates and docs in ship •
International tonna&e certi8cate
•
International loadline certi8cate
•
International loadline exemption certi8cate
•
Certi8cate o! master and cre*s
•
5edical certi8cate o! the cre* members
•
IA++% EI0++% IG++% IS++% I0++.
•
Cop# o! 2AC and Sa!et# mana&ement certi8cate.
•
Car&o ship sa!et# certi8cateNSa!et# construction% sa!et# euipment% sa!et# radio certi8catesO
•
Certi8cate o! insurance
•
'#pe appro"al certi8cate o! AWS% incinerator% se*a&e plant.
•
ISS+
•
Ail record boo(
•
Garba&e record boo( and &arba&e mana&ement plan.
•
2ama&e control boo(let
•
5inimum sa!e mannin& document
•
SA+E+.
•
Intact stabilit# boo(let
•
Enhanced sur"e# report 8le
<. 2C+ extin&uisher content and duration toatall# he as(ed me to expalin Extin&uisher contains sodium bicarbonate po*der *ith a *aterproo8n& a&ents such as stearate to pre"ent ca(in&. 'he container holds a cartrid&e containin& the liuid co). 2uration o! the dischar&e is 1;s. 7#draulic pressure tested D/; bar.
@. SC,0 construction % sa!et# and capacit#.. Nnearll# 19 cross uestion.. li(e uantit# in litres # duration ho* *il u plan ur rescue in pump room tas( !or )9 mins
Each c#linder is char&ed to a press o! )99bar and contains enou&h air to sustain a app. )9 mins at hard *or(in& rate or 49 min i! he is at rest. 0 reducin& "al"e% set at a press o! about ;.; bar is 8tted on the c#linder outlet pipe toðer *ith a press &au&e and also a b#pass "al"e. 0 non return "al"e in the !ace mas( permits the expulsion o! air. Capacit# o! the bottle in litres is 1@99 J. 'he *arnin& de"ice shall acti"ate at a predetermined pressure Nusuall# ;;6D; barO *hich *ill alert the user be!ore the "olume o! the air in the c#linder has been reduced to no less than )99 litres. 2uration o! the ,0 c#linder is &i"en b# the 2 + C6 49 B NpDpressure% cDcapacit#% nDchar&in& pressureO
5ade !rom steel allo#s.
1). manilla amendments The /1 amendments 'he 5anila amendments to the S'CW Con"ention and Code *ere adopted on ); une )919% mar(in& a maor re"ision o! the S'CW Con"ention and Code. 'he )919 amendments are set to enter into !orce on 1 anuar# )91). 0mon&st the amendments adopted% there are a number o! important chan&es to each chapter o! the Con"ention and Code% includin&: •
Impro"ed measures to pre"ent !raudulent practices associated *ith certi8cates o! competenc# and stren&then the e"aluation process Nmonitorin& o! +artiesX compliance *ith the Con"entionOH
•
-e"ised reuirements on hours o! *or( and rest and ne* reuirements !or the pre"ention o! dru& and alcohol abuse% as *ell as updated standards relatin& to medical 8tness standards !or sea!arersH
•
Be* certi8cation reuirements !or able sea!arersH
•
Be* reuirements relatin& to trainin& in modern technolo&# such as electronic charts and in!ormation s#stems NEC2ISOH
•
Be* reuirements !or marine en"ironment a*areness trainin& and trainin& in leadership and team*or(H
•
Be* trainin& and certi8cation reuirements !or electroDtechnical o>cersH
•
Tpdatin& o! competence reuirements !or personnel ser"in& on board all t#pes o! tan(ers% includin& ne* reuirements !or personnel ser"in& on liue8ed &as tan(ersH
•
Be* reuirements !or securit# trainin&% as *ell as pro"isions to ensure that sea!arers are properl# trained to cope i! their ship comes under attac( b# piratesH
•
Introduction o! modern trainin& methodolo&# includin& distance learnin& and *ebDbased learnin&H
•
Be* trainin& &uidance !or personnel ser"in& on board ships operatin& in polar *atersH and
•
Be* trainin& &uidance !or personnel operatin& 2#namic +ositionin& S#stems
14. sur"e# on ur ship *hat all thin&s the# *ill chec( 'his depends on the sur"e# *hich is &oin& to be carried out. IA++ sur"e# preparation. Follo*in& certi8cates are to be submitted !or the sur"e# +re"ious IA++ Certi8cate *ith Supplement Form 0 and Form , exemption certi8cate NI! an#O '#pe appro"al certi8cate !or the AWS euipment '#pe appro"al certi8cate !or Ail content meter N1; ppm euipmentO '#pe appro"al certi8cate !or A25C '#pe appro"al certi8cate !or oil *ater inter!ace sensin& probe CJ0SS 0++-AV0J +J0BS !or the !ollo*in& S7ATJ2 ,E VE-IFIE2 Aperatin& and Instruction manual !or AWS Aperatin& and Instruction manual !or CAW
Aperatin& manual !or C,' operation SA+E+ plan should be appro"ed b# Fla& state adminstration E6- ,il&e pipin& s#stem and ,allast pipin& s#stem plans should be appro"ed b# class Veri!# the !ollo*in& 1;ppm alarm !unction test b# simulation. 0utomatic stoppin& and chan&e o"er o! AV,2 dischar&e in case o! 1; ppm alarm *0-BIBG BA'ICE !or penalit#6conseuences in case o! TB0T'7A-IYE2 2I-EC' oil6oil mixture AV,2 dischar&e% oil spilla&e near the AWS o"bd ""%standard dischar&e connection oin dec(%bun(er station. Electronic -ecord (eepin& o! oil# bil&e *ater o"bd dischar&e on the 1; ppm euipment. Chec( ph#sicall# the oil contentNtracesO o! o"bd dischar&e E6- ,il&es chec( !or an# oil accumulation A25C Ail dischar&e monitorin& euipment is to be chec(ed !or proper operation.Chec( the external condition o! s#stem euipment. Functionin& o! the euipment includin& automatic6manual stoppin& o! dischar&e and interloc(!or startin& the pump to be "eri8ed. 'his ma# be done b# simulatin& input"alues !or $o* rate Nbased on pump characteristicsO% ships speed% oil contentetc. 'he rate o! instantaneous dischar&e should not exceed /9 liters per nautical mile. Chec( the associated audioD"isual alarms and indicators on thecontrol panel. Chec( that recordin&6indicatin& de"ices are *or(in& properl#%chec( the printouts !or last !e* *ee(s Nrecords sho*in& date% time% positionetc should be retained !or / #earsO% "eri!# *ith oil record boo( entries !oro"erboard dischar&e% chec( suppl# o! consumables Npaper% in( etcO. S,' C,' Chec( se&re&ated ballast tan(s NS,'O !or contamination *ith oil N"isualexamination as practicableO. Chec( S,' lines !or an# cross connection *ithcar&o line% i! a portable spool piece is 8tted chec( that a nonDreturn "al"e is8tted and notice is posted !or restricted use. Chec( dedicated clean ballasttan( !or contamination.
!unc ;..
1. alternator safety? 3. safeties in generator and trip ??? explain all the trip and how will u test all trips like preferential trip, overload trip, short circuit and others too ACI'No"er current in"erse time rela#O: monitors &eneral balanced o"erloadin& and has current6time settin&. ACNo"er current inst.O: instantaneous trip to protect a&ainst extremel# hi&h o"ercurrent caused b# short circuit !ault. B+SNne&ati"e phase seuenceO rela#determines the amount o! unbalance in the stator current *hich is an indirect measure the &enerator stator and rotator temp. 0 relati"el# small unbalance cause a si&ni8cant increased temp rise 2IFFNdierential measurementO o! current at each end o! the stator phase *indin&. 'his comparison o! current is to detect an internal !ault in the stator *indin& *hich ma# be caused b# partiall# shortD circuited coil turns and or earth !ault
EJNearth lea(a&eO detects !ault current returnin& bac( throu&h the earthed neutral connection. In ships 7V &enerator s#stem the earth !ault current is limited b# a hi&h impedance or earthin& trans!ormer so the pic( up current settin& is "er# lo*. TV6AVNunder6o"er "olta&eO monitored b# the rela# to pre"ent under6o"er "olta&e TF6AFNunder6o"er !reuenc#O monitored b# rela#s to protect the &enerator !rom under6o"er !reuenc# -+Nreser"e po*erO &enerator intended to run in parallel must ha"e reser"e po*er protection. 'his monitors the direction o! the po*er $o* !rom &enerator to load . i! the prime mo"er act as a motor the rela# *ould detect this !ault and acts to trip the &enerator. ACI' and pre!erential trip are same the# are mainl# to maintain continuous po*er suppl# to euipment *hich are necessar# !or sa!e na"i&ation o! a ship. 0ll non essential euipments trip such as dec( m6c% &alle# euipments% etc3.
). &enerator principle Generator *or(s on the electroma&netic induction principle. When rotatin& a coil in a ma&netic 8eld or rotatin& the ma&netic 8eld around a stationar# coil *ill induce a em! in the coil the "olta&e induced *ill depend on the Bo o! coils% Stren&th o! the ma&netic 8eld% 'he speed at *hich the coil6ma&netic 8eld is rotated.
4. !aults that can occur in electrical circuits explain ho* and # 'here are / basic !aults that can occur in an electrical circuit Apen circuit :D is due to a brea( in the conductor so that a current cannot $o*. Earth !ault :D is due to a brea( in the insulation allo*in& the conductor to touch the hull or an earth metal enclosure. Short circuit :D is due to a double brea( in the insulation allo*in& bith the conductor to be connected so that a "er# lar&e current b# passes or short circuit the load.
;. trans!ormer principle 'rans!ormer *or(s on the principle o! mutual induction. When the current in the primar# is chan&ed the $ux lin(a&e *ith the secondar# also chan&es% *hich induces a $ux in the secondar#. 'rans!ormer is mainl# used !or step up6step do*n the "olta&e *ithout an# chan&e in !reuenc#.
=. 0V- circuit dia&ram explain each component and trace its current $o* *ith arro* mar( Gi"en in 5ac Geor&e boo(.
applied /% 4b% ; Internal: Senthil(umar External: ' 5ohan
Func / M 7* Will u con"ert 1 'eu into (& 1 'ET is t*ent# !oot eui"alent unit *hich is used to measure the ships car&o carr#in& capacit#. 'he max &ross mass o! a t*ent# !oot container *ould be )4999 (&
M admiralt# coe>cient 0dmiralt# coe>cient is a constant &i"en to a ship. It relates the displacement o! the ship speed and po*er. 0dmiralt# coe>cient displacement N)6/Ospeed/
+o*er
M *en a mass o! 2 is added to !*d o! d ship *at s d !ormula o! centre o! &ra"it# shi!t Whene"er a mass is added to the ship the center o! &ra"it# mo"es in the direction o! the mass added and shi!t in the center o! &ra"it# is &i"en b# the !ormula GG1
5assdistance 2isplacement
M *en a lon&itudinal di"ision s introduced to counter !ree sur!ace eect 7* Wil u put it in a !ormula I! a tan( is subDdi"ided b# n lon&itudinal !ormin& eual t( then
GG1
1 Nn1O)
lb / 1)Volume
M electrical 8re.. *at extin&uisher u ll use U *onXt u use !oam Electrical 8re is mainl# due to short circuit in electrical circuits hence the 8rst and the !ormost step in 8&htin& a electrical 8re is to s*itch o the main brea(er6po*er !or the circuit. 'hen use CA) extin&uisher. 'here are also !oam extin&uisher *hich are o! appro"ed t#pe !or 8&htin& electrical 8re but !ollo* the manu!acture instructions. 'hese instructions are *ritten on the !oam extin&uisher c#linder read to (no* *hether the extin&uish is suitable !or electrical 8res.
M 8re control plan *at all *il b der... *il u 8nd li!eboat station in plan 0s per the solas all ship must ha"e a &eneral arran&ement plans shall be permanentl# exhibited !or the &uidance o! ships o>cers sho*in& clearin& !or each dec(% the ctrl stations% "arious 8re section
enclosed b# class 0 di"ision and class , di"ision sprin(ler installations% the 8re 8&htin& appliances% means o! access to dierent compartment% dec( etc "entallation arran&ement !or the compartment% includin& the ctrl position !or the "entilation. 0n# alteration also shall be included in the plan. 0 cop# o! these plan must be also (ept either side o! the dec( house also !or the shore side 8re 8&htin& personnel Func 4b M dra* mechanical seal n explain 5ac Geor&e M *h# sca"en&in& is reuired For a better combustion o! !uel AIJ inside a marine diesel en&ine% an adeuate suppl# o! !resh air is needed. 'he method b# *hich su>cient amount o! air is pro"ided to the en&ineXs c#linder is (no*n as sca"en&in&. Sca"en&in& also helps in remo"e o! exhaust &as !rom the combustion chamber. Sca"en&in& is &enerall# pro"ided b# the en&ineXs turboDchar&in& s#stem. 'he more e>cient the sca"en&in&% the better is the !uel combustion and po*er output o! the en&ine.'urbochar&ers are pro"ided *ith the en&ine to use the exhaust &ases in order to suppl# a consistent $o* o! !resh air inside the main en&ine. M "al"e rotator h* it operates 'he main !n o! the "al"e rotator is to rotate the "al"e. 'his helps in reduced *ear and the "al"e seat and "al"e and uni!orm temp o! the "al"e. -otation o! the "al"e also helps in remo"in& the carbon deposit on the "al"e seat. In main en&ine exhaust "al"e has "anes on the "al"e stem *hen the exhaust &as pass throu&h the "anes the# rotate the exhaust "al"e. Func ; M conditions !or parallelin& *athpns *en u s#nchroni?e out o! phase 'here are !our main condition !or parallelin&. Volta&e to be same Freuenc# to be same +hase connection should be sameNi.e -D-% UDU% ,D,O +hase seuence should be same. 0t 11 Zo cloc( then brea(er is pushed so that that t he at 1) Zo cloc( position the brea(er closes. When the phase seuence is not same that is *hen - phase o! the incomin& &enerator doesnt reaches it max *hen the - phase o! the bus bar reaches max and then incomin& &enerator is made to s#nchroni?e then a lar&e current $o*s inDbet*een the incomin& &enerator and the bus bar. 'his current tends to speed up the incomin& &enerator but this in turn slo*s the &enerator on load. I! the dierence in phase is too lar&e then the brea(er *ill trip resultin& in blac( out.
M msb sa!eties Ebonite rod -ubber mat in !ront o! the 5S, -ear side at a space o! 9.=m !or passa&e and also a rubber mat
2ead !ront6 +o*er o be!ore openin& the panel. Fuse6 Circuit brea(ers Earth !ault indicator. +anel door earthed Bo oil6*ater6steam line passin& o"er the s*itchboard A"ercurrent trip6 pre!erential trip -e"erse current trip. A"er6under "olta&e trip A"er or under !reuenc#. 'ie brea(er Q hwwil u take insulation test in alternator? wat precautions u ll take prior insulation tes t
5easure the insulation o! the stator and the rotor *indin& to the earth and bet*een stator phase Nassumin& the netural point is a"ailable !or disconnection at the terminal boxO. +recaution to be ta(en *hile insulation test is to remember to disconnect or shortDcircuit an# electronic components *hich are li(el# to be dama&ed b# hi&h "olta&e insulation test. Consult the *irin& dia&ram and manu!acture instruction be!ore testin&.
M isolated neutral s#stem. # such s#stem in ship.. there the neutral is isolated or insulated. In a insulated neutral s#stem *hen a earth !ault occurs on one line o! the insulated distribution s#stem *ill not cause an# protection de"ices to operate and the s#stem *ill continue to operate normall#. 0s sin&le earth !ault doesnot pro"ide a complete circuit so no earth !ault current *ill $o*. When a second !ault occurs in another line% the ) !ault *ill be eui"alent to short circuit !ault and resultin& in lar&e current *hich *ould operate the protection de"ices and cause disconnection o! the euipment. 7ence insulated neutral is more pre!erred than earthed neutral.
2ate: )469 !un =: +.A. Se(ar Explain blo* do*n procedure ,oiler blo* do*n procedure
•
Chan&e the &enerator% main en&ine and i! reuired boiler to diesel oil and top up diesel oil t(
•
Stop all steam heatin& and tracin& lines
•
Chan&e o"er !rom automatic to manual 8rin& o! boiler.
•
Stop 8rin& the boiler and pur&e the boiler manuall#.
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S*itch o the po*er !or the boiler panel and hand notice
•
Shut the main steam stop "al"e.
•
•
•
•
Jet the boiler to cool do*n dont blo* do*n and ta(e !eed *ater !or coolin& as this cause thermal crac(in& in boiler due to temperature "ariation When the boiler is around 4 bar carr# out the blo* do*n When the boiler pressure is sli&htl# hi&her than atmospheric pressure sa# 1.;D).9 bar then open "ent to pre"ent "acuum !ormation Jet the boiler to cool do*n
7o* *ill u ta(e bottom end bearin& clearance What position 7o* much is the clearance •
'urn the unit to ,2C and ta(e the clearance usin& !eeler &au&e. Clearance *ill be around 9.4D 9.@mm
Func /: *hat r all d special area?s 'pecial Areas2 Annex I: Oil • • • • • • • • • •
5editerranean Sea ,altic Sea ,lac( Sea -ed Sea [Gul!s[ area Gul! o! 0den 0ntarctic area Borth West European Waters Aman area o! the 0rabian Sea Southern South 0!rican *aters
Annex II: Noxious Liquid Substances •
0ntarctic area
Annex IV: Sea!e •
,altic Sea N1 an )91/O
Annex V: "a#ba!e
• • • • • • •
5editerranean Sea ,altic Sea ,lac( Sea -ed Sea [Gul!s[ area 0ntarctic area Nsouth o! latitude =9 de&rees southO Wider Caribbean re&ion includin& the Gul! o! 5exico and the Caribbean Sea
Annex VI: $#e%ention o& ai# 'ollution b( s)i's *+,ission -ont#ol A#eas • • • •
,altic Sea NSAxO Borth Sea NSAxO Borth 0merican NSAx% and BAx and +5O Tnited States Caribbean Sea EC0 NSAx% BAx and +5O
N1 an )914O
*hat is EE2I EEDI 3energ4 e5cienc4 design inde$6 and 'EE+7 3ship energ4 e5cienc4 management plan6 EE2I and SEE5+ are the t*o maor instruments that !orm I5As pac(a&e o! technical and operational measures !or the reduction o! the G7G emissions !or shippin&. SEE5+ is an operational measure *hich aims to impro"e ener&# e>cienc# o! existin& $eet throu&h acti"e ener&# mana&ement and I5A is also "otin& at 5E+C on *hether to ma(e this mandator# as *ell. SEE5+ is more than ust a list o! actions: measurin& the operational ener&# e>cienc# o! the ship% settin& tar&ets and monitorin& the per!ormance a&ainst them is also reuired% and I5A has su&&ested another tool called the EEAI NEner&# E>cienc# Aperational IndicatorO !or doin& that . EEAI itsel! is not mandator# and operators can in !act choose other (e# per!ormance indicators NK+Is and this is the last acron#m !or toda#O *hich ma# be more suitable to their ship and operation. 7o*e"er% the tar&et settin& and monitorin& element is part o! the SEE5+% re&ardless o! *hich tool is bein& adopted. % EE2I is a number accountin& !or the amount o! CA) &enerated per tonneDmile o! car&o carried. 0 hi&her EE2I indicates a less ener&# e>cienct ship Nb# desi&nO. 'he idea is that !uture ships *ill need to be built *ith a minimum ener&# e>cienc# standard% as de8ned b# the EE2I 5ar&in line :D is a line dra*n at <= mm6 / inch belo* the upper sur!ace o! the bul(head dec( at the side abo"e *hich the ship should not sin(.
*hat is duct (eel 2uct (eels run !rom the !*d o! the en&ine to the collosion b(d untili?ed to carr# the double bottom pipin&s. 'his arran&ement allo*s pipes to be carried beneth the hold spaces and are thus protectin& car&o !rom dama&e due to lea(a&es. 2uct (eels are particularl# important in insulated ship allo*in& access to the pipes *ithout disturbin& the insulation. 2uct (eel are !ormed b# t*o lon&itudinal &irders up to 1.@/ m apart. 'his distance should not increase as the &irders must be supported b# (eel bloc( durin& doc(in& Func 4b: !or a &ood combustion o! !uel oil *hat all u reuire •
0tomi?ation
•
+enetration
•
'urbulence
•
Inection timin&
•
Spra# pattern
•
Compression press
•
Inection press Nsince depended on the rpm o! en&ine o"ercome b# -' $ex en&ine b# common railO
•
I&nition dela# o! the !uel
•
Sca"en&e air press and temp.
•
0irD!uel ratio.
ad"anta&es o! intercoolers ho* "olumetric e>cienc# is increased i! intercoolers are 8tted durin& compression the ener&# applied is con"erted into heat and an# conseuent rise in air temp this *ill reduce the "olumetric e>cienc# o! the c#cle. 'o minimi?e the temp rise% this heat must be remo"ed althou&h some can be remo"ed throu&h the c#linder *alls but due to reduced time a"ailabilit# the heat remo"al b# this is not possible hence b# this purpose intercoolers are used. 'hus pressure due to compression remains a!ter intercooler •
liner lubrication as hi&h temp leads to Jo 8lm bein& bro(en
•
coolin& o! compressor parts
•
reduces the oil bein& burnt thus reduces the carbon deposit on the "al"es.
t#pes o! turbo char&er *hat is constant pressure *hat is pulse t#pe turbochar&er *hat are the ad"anta&es *hich is used *here Nconstant pressure and pulse pressureO there are t*o t#pe o! turbo char&ers •
constant pressure turbochar&er
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pulse pressure turbochar&er
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•
Constant pressure turbochar&er :D in constant pressure s#stem the exhaust &as !rom all the c#linder is dischar&ed into a common mani!old o! lar&e dia and "olume. 'he pressure in the exhaust mani!old is reduced belo* that o! the sca"en&e pressure and is maintained at a stead# pressure !or an# &i"en en&ine load% this leads to &reater e>cienc# at hi&her loads. 'hus best suitable !or 50IB EBGIBE.
0lso help in dela#in& the openin& o! exhaust "al"e *hich results in hi&her thermal e>cienc# !or the en&ine.
Constant pressure s#stem do not react as uic(l# to load chan&es and are in e>cient at lo* loads. 'hus uses the auxiliar# blo*er !or lo*er loads. +ulse S#stem :D use the (inetic ener&# and the heat ener&# !rom the exhaust &as *hen the exhaust "al"e opens to dri"e the turbochar&er. 'he exhaust s#stem is tuned % pipes are o! small dia% bends are smoothl# radiused to maintain exhaust &as pressure and to a"oid ener&# loss *ithin the s#stem. 'he pulse s#stem is "er# responsi"e to en&ine load chan&e and ideall# suited !or &enerators 'he# donot (no* auxiliar# blo*ers Func ;: *hat is me&&erho*ll u ta(e insulation resistance*hat are all the sa!et# precautions to be ta(en *hile ta(in& insulatin& resistance and in 5EGGE- 5e&&er is an instrument !or ta(in& insulation resistance on the circuit. Sa!et# +recautions are hi&h "olta&e ;99V is used !or insulation measurement hence the care must be ta(en that the circuit is isolated properl#. Since hi&h "olta&e is used all electronic euipments such as diode etc must be isolated or short circuit. Insulation resistance is ta(en bet*een phase and and bet*een phase and earth.
Func =: cran(case inspection !ull procedure *hat r all d sa!et# precautions u ta(e be!ore u do cran(case inspections •
stop the Jo pump onl# a!ter /9 min i! the en&ine has been runnin&.
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In!orm brid&e and &et propeller clearance.
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En&a&e the turnin& &ear.
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Apen the cran(case and "entilation !or atleast )4 hours.
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Since the cran(case is considered as an enclosed space permit has to be obtained% atmosphere tested !or Ax#&en
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Apen the indicator coc(s
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Shut the main air startin& "al"e and han& notices
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'urn the en&ine !or one !ull re"olution Tse clean boots% bump caps% disposable boiler suits% cotton &lo"es and ra&s as stb#% hand torch and lamps When enterin& the cran(case (eep a trac( o! the ra&s and tools that are ta(en inside% empt# the boilersuit poc(ets Keep a responsible person outside and also establish communication
+rocedure
Firstl# chec( AIJ condition !or an# smell% discoloration or de&radation. 'urn the en&ine to ,2C and start chec(in& !rom under stu>n& box area !or an# si&n o! blac( AIJ % an indication o! stu>n& box lea(in&.
Chec( the piston rod sur!ace !or scorin& mar(s and rou&hness.
Chec( piston palm bolts and loc(in& de"ice !or slac(ness and !rettin&.
Chec( the &uide and &uide shoe bearin& &eneral condition and the area around !rame *here &uide is attached !or an# "isible crac(s.
Chec( that the &uide shoe end co"er bolts are in place and not slac(.
Chec( cross head bearin& &eneral condition.
E"aluate top and bottom end o! connectin& rod bolt% nut and loc(in& de"ice !or slac(ness% si&ns o! !rettin&% etc.
Chec( !or slidin& o! bottom end bearin& Naxial mo"ementO or $oatin& o! connectin& rod.
Chec( !or slip o! *eb and ournal b# chec(in& the re!erence mar(.
Chec( *eb in the area o! stress concentration and chec( tie bolt Nbottom sideO.
Chec( cross &rider% area around main bearin& and bearin& (eep !or si&n o! crac(s and chec( around main bearin&.
0ll bearin&s must be chec(ed !or sil"er# color Nindicates bearin& *ipin&O.
Chec( the surroundin&s o! the AIJ pan area o! all units !or an# slud&e deposits% bearin& metal pieces% etc.
Chec( cran( case relie! doorD *ire mesh Nshould be *etO% sprin& tension% sealin& rin& condition% etc.
Chec( the teeth o! transmission &ear !or si&n o! *ear.
Chec( chain dri"e !or ti&htness.
Tse AIJ mist detector on samplin& pipe to chec( !or clear passa&e.
Clear all the !orei&n materials !rom the cran( case% and ma(e sure all tools are accounted !or.
Start lube oil pump and cross head lubricatin& pump and chec( !or the oil $o* and distribution.
Chec( cran(case door sealin& condition and close the cran(case door.
In!orm chie! en&ineer N!or satis!actor# chec(in& o! cran( caseO and dut# o>cer.
);661/ sur"Dsentil(umar and another !at &u# 1.dra* the trans"erse cross sectin indicatin& (m & etc -eeds na"al boo( ho* do u prepare the runnin& boilr 4r sur"e#.. Chec( !or spares e& manhole6access hole &as(et% &au&e &lass% pac(in& and steam oint. Chec( tools reuired e& &a&&in& tool% torue spanner% rope% chain bloc( ,rie8n& the en&ineers o! the *or( •
Chan&e the &enerator% main en&ine and i! reuired boiler to diesel oil and top up diesel oil t(
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Stop all steam heatin& and tracin& lines
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Chan&e o"er !rom automatic to manual 8rin& o! boiler.
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Stop 8rin& the boiler and pur&e the boiler manuall#.
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S*itch o the po*er !or the boiler panel and hand notice
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Shut the main steam stop "al"e.
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•
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Jet the boiler to cool do*n dont blo* do*n and ta(e !eed *ater !or coolin& as this cause thermal crac(in& in boiler due to temperature "ariation When the boiler is around 4 bar carr# out the blo* do*n When the boiler pressure is sli&htl# hi&her than atmospheric pressure sa# 1.;D).9 bar then open "ent to pre"ent "acuum !ormation
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Jet the boiler to cool do*n
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Apen the top manhole door 8rst *ith all sa!et# precautions
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5ar( the nut on the top manhole% slac(en the do& nut and secure it *ith rope
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Knoc( the door donot open the door as it ma# still contains steams
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5a(e a &eneral inspection !rom outside.
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,oiler must be su>cientl# cleaned and dried to ma(e a examination
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,oiler must be manuall# *ire brushed to clean the internal sur!ace
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In case o! di>culties in manual cleanin& chemical cleanin& can be done *ith h#drochloric acid plus an inhibitor to pre"ent acid attac(in& the metal For oil contamination% al(ali boilDout usin& triDsodium phosphate solution is essential prior acid cleanin&
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0ll internal *hich ma# inter!ere *ith the inspection has to be remo"ed
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Bo* drain the boiler and completel# and then open the bottom side access door6manhole door
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Care should be ta(en as *hen openin& the bottom door
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Ventilate !or period o! )4 hours
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'hen chec( !or ox#&en% $ammable "apours% toxic &ases
+reparation
+repare a lon& rope% *ooden plan(% ox#&en anal#?er.
0 pouch to carr# tools reuired empt# the poc(ets and ma(e a list o! tools ta(en
Emer&enc# breathin& apparatus.
+roper communication and li&htin&
);DD)91) !un/ certi!. !or J+G carrier *hai is IGC code explain car&o tan( sa!eties
International code !or the construction and euipment o! ship carr#in& Jiue8ed &ases in bul( Certi8cate &i"en !or Gas tan(ers are Certi8cate o! 8tness !or the Carria&e o! Jiue8ed Gas in bul( Car&o t( sa!eties are
+re"ention !rom o"er pressuri?ation b# means o! 50-V "al"e.
'o pre"ent pressure rises b# means o! use ree!er s#stems or usin& the boil o &as in the boiler6 en&ine.
'o pre"ent "acuum de"elopin& in the t( N b# means o! automatic stoppin& o! all pump and compressor *hen the t( pressure reaches a pressure around 9 K+a.
+ressure &au&e and sensors 'emperature sensor loo(in& th temp o! the car&o at the top and also bottom +ort and StarDboard.
Fusible plu& near the car&o t( dome
Emer&enc# stops
2ec( spra# s#stems !or car&o dome and mani!old.
Submer&ed pump or deep *ell p6p at least ) port and starDboard
*han happens i! ship heels to an&le o! JAJJ 0BGJE AF JAJJ -
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0n initiall# unstable ship heels to a certain an&le and ends up in neutral stabilit#. 'hat an&le is called an&le o! loll. 0t an&le o! loll .% G5 9 A- KG K5 Accurs in timber carriers.% D timber s on the dec( absorb moisture and increases the co& 0n&le o! loll is a term used to describe the state o! a ship *hich is unstable *hen upri&ht Nie: has a ne&ati"e metacentric hei&ht% G5tO and there!ore '0KES on an an&le o! heel to either port or starboard. When a "essel has ne&ati"e G5 i.e.% is in unstable euilibrium% an# external !orce% i! applied the "essel% *ill cause it to start heelin&. 'he "essel *hether capsi?in& depends on the an&le o! heelin& because at the Be&ati"e G5 the ri&htin& le"er is also Be&ati"e tendin& to capsi?e the ship. 0s the "essel heels% its under*ater "olume increases% *hich increases the "esselXs ,5 Ndistance !rom the center o! buo#anc# to the metacenterO. Since there is no chan&e in K, Ndistance !rom the (eel to the center o! buo#anc#O o! the "essel% the K5 Ndistance !rom (eel to the metacenterO o! the "essel increases. 0t some an&le o! heel Nsa# 19\O% K5 *ill increase su>cientl# eual to KG Ndistance !rom the (eel to the center o! &ra"it#O% thus ma(in& G5 o! "essel eual to ?ero. When this occurs% the "essel &oes to neutral euibrium% and thus the ri&htin& le"er GY is also ?ero. In other *ords% *hen an unstable "essel heels o"er to*ards a pro&ressi"el# increasin& an&le o! heel% at a certain an&le o! heel% the center o! buo#anc# N,O ma# !all "erticall# belo* the center o! &ra"it# NGO. this an&le is called an&le o! loll. 0nd at this point the ri&htin& le"er GY starts becomin& positi"e. Bo* the ship is no* a stable condition about the an&le loll.
!un 4b *hat is destruti"e and nonDdestricti"e test 2estructi"e testin& :D special test pieces are used *hich are dama&ed durin& the process
'ensile testin&
Creep testin&
7ardness testin&
Impact testin&
5acroscopic and microscopic examination
BonDdestructi"e testin&
Visual inspection
Jiuid penetrant method
5a&netic crac( method
-adioD&raphic method
Tltrasonic testin&
*h# boiler *ater treated •
'o pre"ent scale !ormation
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'o &i"e al(alinit# and to minimi?e corrosion
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'o condition the slud&e
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'o remo"e ox#&en !rom *ater
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'o reduce ris( o! caustic crac(in&
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'o reduce the ris( o! carr# o"er o! !oam
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'o minimi?e condensate s#stem corrosion
2ate:);696)91/ external :5rmohan% Internal :5rSenthil Func 4b: *hat is VI' Wh# pro"ided 7o* it *or(s and its control s#stem 7o* its done be!ore "it VI' V0-I0,JE IBEC'IAB 'I5IBG
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0s the load increases in the en&ine% +max also increases. ,ut at lo* loads +max is lo*.
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With the help o! VI'% +max is attained at lo* loads% leadin& to lo* s!oc
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Increased thermal e>cienc# no smo(# exhaust impro"ed temp control to pre"ent corrosion stren&th o! cran( sha!t is utilised better
W7U -EMTI-E VI' -
It enables to ma(e small chan&es in !uel pump timin& durin& 1. Wear on !uel pump cam /. 0llo* +max balancin& o! indi"idual c#linders 0. Fuels o! poor i&nition ualities D compensation
8. Chan&es in cam sha!t timin& due to chain elon&ation -
Enables a chan&e in timin& o! ) de&
'o increase the po*er o! the en&ine it is onl# possible b# +o*er 5E+stro(e len&tharearpm. 'o increase the 5E+ it depends on three !actor mainl# the compression pressure% inection timin&% uantit# o! !uel inected. When the !uel is inected into the c#linder then there is a i&nition dela#Ntime span bet*een commencement o! inection and start o! i&nitionO. 'o reduce the i&nition dela# the must be inected piston is around '2C becomes that is the max compression !rom the en&ine and also the max temp the compressed air can attain at this point the i&nition dela# is reduced. 'he Fn o! VI' is this. 7ence durin& the lo* load at about /9 VI' is not used as the compressed air doesnt reach the temp and can lead to (noc( or incomplete combustion. 0t around /9 timin& is ad"anced and latter retarded. 7ence the en&ine attains the !ull load +max at around <;D@; be!ore reachin& !ull load. Increase in +max increases the 5E+ and thus reduces the !uel oil consumption. What is accumulation pr test of boiler? Why done? rocedure, why steam stop v!v to be closed during test?
0ccumulation pr test o! the boiler is used to chec( the capacit# o! the boiler sa!et# "6". to conduct the test% all !eed "al"e and steam outlet to and !rom the boiler to be shut and max. 8rin& rate arran&ed. 0ccumulation o! pr. 5ust not then exceed 19 o! the *or(in& pr. 2uration o! the test is not exceed 1; min !or 8re tube boiler% and < min !or *ater tube boiler. In case o! *ater tube boiler the test ma# be *ai"ed i! dama&e to superheater or economi?ers could result !rom the test. Func ;: po*er !actor What is meant b# true po*er and apparent po*er the power #actor o! an 0C electrical po*er s#stem is de8ned as the ratio o! the real po*er $o*in& to the load% to the apparent po*er in the circuit. -eal po*er is the capacit# o! the circuit !or per!ormin& *or( in a particular time. 0pparent po*er is the product o! the current and "olta&e o! the circuit. Func =: cran(case explosion ..actions En&ine *ill automaticall# cause a slo* do*n in this case. • •
In!orm brid&e
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Bote the position o! the c6c chamber ha"in& hot spot pointed b# the samplin& (nob
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Aperate the selector button turn the samplin& "al"e (nob to ?ero position !or ?ero chec( alarm should stop -elease the selector button i! alarm comes !rom the same c6c chamber then it is con8rmed that the alarm is not !alse -educe the en&ine speed !urther to reduce the heat &eneration
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Keep clear o the cran(case relie! door
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Keep 8re extin&uisher stb# and oper the s(#li&ht o! the en&ine room
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In!orm the brid&e !or stoppin& the en&ine.
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Apen indicator coc(s% en&a&e turnin& &ear and turn the en&ine to pre"ent sei?ure o! the component. 0!ter /9 mins or more the en&ine has been su>cientl# cooled do*n stop the lub oil p6p and open the c6c door. 'r# to locate the hot spot b# !eelin& o"er and b# obser"ation
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I! hot spot has occurred then pre"ent reoccurrence b# permanent repairs
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5a(e a throu&h c6c inspection
Start the lub oil p6p and chec( the $o* o! oil. +re"enti"e measures Ensure proper puri8cation and anal#sis o! lub oil •
• • •
Jub oil 8lter to be chan&ed and cleaned as per schedule Ensure proper c#linder lubrication b# chec(in& the condition o! the piston% rin&s and liner throu&h the sca"en&e spaces
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Clean sca"en&e spaces re&ularl# and drain the sca"en&e space.
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5aintain the stu>n& box in &ood condition.
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Chec( the bearin& clearance re&ularl# as per +5S
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0ll sa!et# trip and alarms to be tried re&ularl#
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Carr# out the c6c inspection re&ularl#
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A52 alarm tested. C6C relie! door to be o"erhauled at re&ular inter"als.
sca"en&e 8re ...actions Indications -pm drops • •
Tnstable operations causes sur&in& in '6c
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Exhaust temp o! the aected unit increases
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,lac( smo(e
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-ise in temp and press o! the sca"en&e box
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2ischar&e o! spar(s and $ame !rom the drain o! the aected unit
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Coolin& outlet temp o! the aected unit i ncrease
0ction •
-educe the en&ine speed
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Cut o the !uel suppl# to the aected unit
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C#linder lubrication to be increased
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Coolant $o* throu&h the ac(et and the piston to be maintained
Keep clear o! the sca"en&e space relie! "al"e6door Fire should be extin&uished a!ter sometime. I! the 8re spreads then In!orm brid&e and stop en&ine •
• •
Stop !uel oil booster p6p
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Apen indicator coc(% en&a&e turnin& &ear and turn the en&ine
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Continue en&ine coolin& to piston% bearin& and also to liner
-elease smotherin& &ases steam to extin&uish the 8re Inspection o! the sca"en&e space to be carried out a!ter a sca"en&e 8re Intense 8re can cause distortion and ma# upset piston ali&ment •
• •
Chec( sprin& on sca"en&e space relie! de"ice
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+iston rod pac(in& sprin&.
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Chec( the diaphra&m
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Chec( &uide and &uide shoes
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Chec( tie rod
,oiler le"el &au&e sho*s no *ater ..actions •
Stop boiler i! the boiler is 8rin&
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2o not ta(e !eed *ater in to the boiler as it ma# cause thermal crac(in& in the tubes.
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Chec( the remote le"el indicator.
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Carr# out a &au&e &lass blo* do*n to con8rm the *ater le"el
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Con8rm the *ater le"el is lo* then chec( the reason !or it ma# 'hree *a# "6" stuc( or not !unctionin& o o 0ir pr to the /D*a# "6" lo* o 2rain "6" o! the di pressure s*itch !or -WJ lea(in&. o 2i pr s*itch diaphra&m lea(in& or de!ecti"e o Val"e choc(ed near the di pr s*itch or near the boiler. +6p suction lost. o Cascade t( empt# o +6p in manual mode or tripped. o 0!ter 8ndin& out the reason ta(e *ater ma# be a!ter a inter"al &ap o! 1; mins t his &i"es su>cient time !or boiler to cool and thus pre"ent thermal crac(in&.
)=661/ External : dont (no* Internal: senthil sir Fn applied : 4b ,oiler sa!eties •
Sa!et# "al"e
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Vent
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+ressure &au&e
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Water le"el indicator
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Jo* *ater le"el alarm
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Jo* Jo* *ater le"el trip
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Jo* pr alarm.
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7i&h +r alarm
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7i&h +r trip
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Flame !ailure.
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Jo* !uel oil pr temp.
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,urner door interloc(.
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0uto cut o6cut in
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+re pur&in& and post pur&in&
Critical speed: In a en&ine the cran(sha!t is subect to dierent stress. Ane o! the main stress is the torsion stress in the cran(sha!t. 'orsion stress causes the t*istin& and unt*istin& o! the cran(sha!t and di>cult to detect. 'hus classi8cation has &i"en ) limit '1 and '). Where '1 limit the en&ine is allo*ed to cross thus onl# !or a limited time period. 'his is called as barred speed. ') limit should ne"er be crossed b# the en&ine durin& runnin&. 'hus !or this reason critical speed is set !or en&ines *here the &o"ernor doesnot allo*s the en&ine to run the en&ine in critical speed !or a lon& time.
S!oc de8nition % unit and calculation
