tvL~u4
PE..c..'o/2_S "J
CORROSION S UR U R FA FA C
PI
P RE R E PA PA RA RA T O N
ry P2-!
P2·2 P2-3 P2-4 P2-6 P2·7 P2-7
'f·
P2-8 P2-g
I•
C:
S UR UR FA FA C
P RE R E PA PA RA RA ' O N
N ON O N ·F ·F ER ER RO R O US US )
P2
"'
S T
2B
P A I N T C O N S T I TU TU E N T S Binder
. .... .... .... • .... .... .•.• . .... .•.• . .•.• . .... .•.• .... • • •• •• . .•.• . • •. •. • •. •. .... • .... • • •• •• • • .... .•.• • .• .• • .• .• . .
P3
........ ............ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....•.... .•........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .....•..... .•......... ...... ..
P3-t P3·3 P3-4 P3-5 P3-5 P3-5 P3-5
) A n titi -s -s ki ki nn nn in in g a g en en t
P3-5
.
( ap ap p lili ccaa bl bl e 10 o i b as as e
P3-6 P3·6
P A IN IN T D R Y IN IN G A N D C U R N G COATING
SYSTEMS
•.
•.
•.
•.... •....•.. •.... .... .... .... .... ..•.. •.... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..•••... •••...•.. •.... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..•••.. •••.... ...••. .••.
•• PS P5-1 P5-1 P5-2 P7·1 P7-2
P7-J P7-5 Wet
l m t hi hi cckk ne ne s
P7·5 P7-6
ry
P7·9 P7 P7-10 Vee cu
P7-14
Cross-cut lest
P7-14
P7-14
P7-15 THER THER
CO
ITIO ITIO
•... •..... .... ..
;' ,;'. ,;'.:' :'
.... ...... .... .... .... .... .... ..•. •... .... ..•. •... .... .... .... .... .... ...• .• .... ...... ...• .•
P8-1 P8-1 P9
............ .......... ....... .......... ........... ............. .......... ...
P9-t
P9-t Spra
a p pl pl ic ic a titi o
P9-t
OA IN
FA LT
IO
PAINT PAINT COLOU COLOURS RS
•..... •........ .....• ..•... ...... .....• ..••.. •..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....•. .•..•• .••... ...... ...••. ••.
ll
Pl1-l PlI-I
HEALT HEALT
SAFETY SAFETY
.•.... .•....... ....•. .•...• ..••.• •.•..• ..•.•. .•.•.. •..•.. •..... ....•. .•...• ..•... ....•. .•...• ..•... .....• ..•.•• .••.•. .•...• ..•.•• .•••.• •.•
P12
PI2-l l E
PI2-t P12-2
INSPEC INSPECTIO TIO
., .••... .••...•.. •..... ...•.. •..•.. •...•. .•.•.• •.•... ....•. .•..•• .••.•. .•.... ...... ...... ...... ...•.. •..... ...... .....• ..••.• •.••.• •.•..• ..•..• ..••.• •.•
P13 QA2
Ruane II O'Ne O'Neil il electro-chemical cath cathod odic ic reac reacti tion on
NOTES
reaction ' "
anodic
expres es ed as foll follow ows: s: he anodic reaction is expr
{>
If7...
~ M+ M+ I + n 10
Where:
clem clement ent invo involv lved ed numb number er electron(s)
ea
he xyge xyge
I.
ca
3,
n(
ca
e:
educ educti tion on in acid acid olut olutio ions ns
ge alkalin alkalin soluti solutions ons
20
~j;!
an
2H20
02
Hydrog Hydrogen en evolutio evolution: n:
++ e+
e+
./
Metal Metal deposit deposition ion
30
active, i.e. it ., A n e le le c r o y t i s s ub ub st st an an c w h c h w he he n o lu lu titi o u su su a l y w at at e o r i n t s fu fu se se d m ol o l te te n s ta ta te te ) w i c on on du du c current wn by it.
en ai simu simult ltan aneo eous us reac reacti tion ons: s:
the electrolyte) givi giving ng th foll follow owin in 40
Anodi Anodi
es
react reactio ion: n:
ei.e. i.e. iron iron give give ferr ferrou ou (i on ions ions an elec electr tron on Cath Cathod odic ic reac reacti tion on 50
+4 i.e. i.e. wate wate
oxygen
elec electr tron on
give give hydr hydrox oxyl yl ions ions
rust: 60
i.e. i.e. ferr ferrou ou ions ions plus plus hydr hydrox oxyl yl ions ions give give iron iron hydr hydrox oxid ide. e.
4Fe(OHh hy ox
2Fe20)H20+2H20 ox
gi
us
Co rosi rosion on eact eactio ions ns ca be acce accele lera rate te 70
Mil/scale is o n p ro ro du du ce ce d w he he n h e is steel is manufactured; wh s te te e c om om in in g n t c OP O P i la la c wi mi o x d e c om om po po se se d o f h r l ay ay er er s F e n ea ea re re s t h e e F eJ eJ O h e F e on t h o ut ut si si de de . M i llll sc sc al al e ha o ta ta l h ic ic kn kn es es s b et et we we e approximately 25 um.
1.
by th exis existe tenc nc
vari variat atio ions ns in oxyg oxygen en cont conten en on th mate materi rial al
of cert certai ai
crit criter eria ia incl includ udin ing: g:
su face face
high higher er nobi nobili lity ty
e.g. rnills rnillscale cale 8C
at
erat erat
the galv galvani ani seri series es co ea ured ured 90
ed he
,~
R... R... n. ..O'Sei ..O'Seill ll Issu. 2 11 1 1 1 0S 0S lY lY t l
ol
el
ains ains es
no
ns
ec
pe
e le le c tr tr oc oc h em em i ca ca l
al
ce el
s er er ie ie s
nobility al un
bs
Ruane II O'Ne O'Neil il
CO RO NOBLE
Gold
NOTES
ON
Silver Nickel
T i l e le le c tr tr o ch ch e m ic ic a l s e ri ri e p ro ro du du ce ce d u nd nd e s t n da da r usefil usefillfo lfo
c on on di di t o n theore theoretic tical al
Copper
nd is
M i l s ca ca l
10
CLue CLue.l .lsm smen ents ts or il
labora laborator tor
it .' t..;
M i l s te te e
situut situution ions. s.
Aluminium Zinc Magnesium 20
Example: o ly ly t
wa
If
g.
wa
ma he
wi nc wo
or de
wi mo
be
ob
t ha ha n z iinn c 30
mp being cathodi cathodicall call
me protect protected ed
i.e,
s a cr cr ifif ic ic ia ia l a n od od e .
40
60
70
.:
80
90
OR..... &TI'O'N.m Isou<
1 0 /1/1 1 55// 11 11 6
Pl-2
."
RUane
UN
TPO'Neil Co of
NOTES
UR AC
h e p ro ro ce ce s w h c h g ov o v er er n
Th re
o u w ay ay s
R E A RA RA T O N
mp h e e rv rv ic ic e
of he co
mo ng ys em
ys ms
pr~p~r~'
W i r b r us us hi hi n
10
Scraping Grinding N e ed ed l g u nn nn in in g C h e m i ca ca l c le le a ni ni n g W a t e r b l as as ti ti n
20
Weathering F l am am e c le le a ni ni n g V a p o u r d e g re re a si si n g
30
quality o f ur r ep ep a o n g o n e b y h e m ou ou n o f u r n t m in in an an t r em em a n in in g o n h e u b r a c le le an an in in g a l h ou ou g it m a u r a c e x u re re , e .g .g , h e u r a c p ro ro f on u b r a a f e r b ra ra s v e b la la s c le le an an in in g
\~(!:; .:',-
ry abra abrasi sive ve blas blasti ting ng 40
50
Dr
br ve ng ut by pr ve pa on he bs ur 45 m. Th op o n r em em o us om he bs ul c oa oa t n g d h o n D r y a br br a v e b la la s n g of f o l on on g t eerr m -p - p r ot ot eecc ttii o c oa o a ttii n s y st st eem ms.
hl nc nt ma pe ds up pp ox ma 2 0 kmIh di nd ny ot x t n eo eo u m a p ro ro f wh p r v id id e d e ke fo h e b e m e h o o f u r a c p re re pa pa r o n
Abrasives c ha h a ra ra c e ri ri sstt ic ic s o f h e a br br as as iv iv e u se se d t he he s b e n g
41o~
~,.}S',; ,;
,- ,) 60
Bo
me al
a n m in i n er er a a br br a v e
r e c om om m on on l
u se se d o r b la la s n g
o r e x m p le le :
70
91 80
San un es wh
n o d an an ge ge ro ro u d u form a n b e n ha ha le le d e.g.
as titi n g o p e ra ra t io io n s , dry b l as
Regulations) o pe p e ra ra t o n b ec e c au au s
o f h e a ss ss oc oc iiaa ttee d h ea ea l
e .g .g . w a ln ln u s he he l s . c er er am am i
g r s , c ru ru sh sh e
h az az ar ar d o f s ilil ic ic os os is is , g la la ss ss , a lluu m in in iu iu m s i c a e .
Effect Effect of abrasi abrasives ves n gu gu l
Grit
mp wh bl
Ruane l ss ss ue ue Z
Z ZI ZI 05 05 / J 6
ng
O'N.m
p ro ro f
ne
wi
ut ng wi on
dg
it h a e r
mi
ca
an
u nd nd er er cu cu t
rogu rogu peak peaks, s, especially
P2..1
Ruane
O'Neil
II
NI
R E A RA T O N
Shot
ph mi ut oe ot ut ng dg ~ ~~ ~~ e we mi b la s e d n i a l h ou g h er e e s r ou gh ne s h e o uc h ~J~~rn.ilingw o r h ar de n M ~ _ ! U lf l! fM ( ) a gn ~ a ~ r % g! t ! he . ) ~g ~ iJ . w h ic h h a h e e ff ec t o f r ed uc ~ ~ h ;~ ~ e wh wi Sh
NOTES
R og u p ea k a r ak wh s ta n o u a bo v h e r eq u r e p ro f a n should b e a v oi de d a pp l n g h i o a n g a s he ma a d ItJ spot flash rusting.
R FA C
:ii7.
10
mm yp
It
de
mi me 70 80
mi be
nd 0- 0% gr
Surface profil he shape
B la s n is he s p ro du c p ro du c o n h ou l n o b e o u h e w i b a h an d d u IIIcontamination.
on
bl
n ow n
h e s ur fa c e p ro fi l
anchor
r--._c
J!!!.!!:[!!'
Amplitude
Trough
ei
Rogue peaks
I;:
I'·
40
,.
S U RF AC E P RO F IL E
he size amplitude
S ; " e . f N ( . . lt > , l : , 1 -I < . .
,,
16
".".(1
"'''.''··.''''''/0'_'>''
ma mp
50
tG('d,ndeS:>
fromthe
me peak to t ro ug h h e g h
a m pl i u d qu
r an ge s w o u n t w ou l
n or m al l he
mp me Ma mu mp p ec if ic a o ns . y p ic a a m p u d
b e q uo te d of 30 75 11m.
mb
The 60
u r a c p ro f s u rf a c c o m p a ra t or .
tape.
ne dl
g au g
ur ac
pl
ap
Surfac profil needle gaug
A l a cc ur at e m ea su ri n q u p me n e .g . d ia l micrometers. should be i ss ue d w i l c a li br a ti o c er t c a e s o r c en i c a e s o f conformance to give a ss ur al lc e t ha t t h f ea di ng s o b a in e a r g o n g to be c or re c w i th i stated m ar g o f e rr or .
ma 70
readings it
we ne
ma ga ge
pi
80
90
S U RF AC E P R OF IL E G A UG E
I' O'Nflll
Issue
l/051'16
mp of
me
Be
r an g
e.g. Testex
Ruane II Neil
UN
UR AC
R E A RA T O N
NOTES
Te ex
tape,
tr;1(1~
It is used in
10
20
an aren
as
as
ac
th dial micrometer Deduct SO ur
S.
Surfac
is 50 ur
thick.
comparator
30
of
er as th
il contaminat
th blast.
profile grading as
I t i s i mp or ta n to n ot e h a n ee dl e g au ge s s ur fa c r ep li c t ap e and surfac c om p ar at or s o nl y g iv e t h d e gr e a / ro u gh n es s degree
cleanliness. I.
40
as rough
area
area 2.
as
area area
n t J £ o ,J (
ut
area 4.
as
c.~Il,';~J(!~Afl.$'';
Blasting grade
0/
The grade
it
y o
e p Part
;. he BS 07 Part Al same as ISO 8501-1 an SS 055900.
60
products. Part an th degree of urface cleanlines
afte blasting
e.g.
usin
Sa2Yzwhich ca be interprete
th followin
extrac
ro
th
tandard:
Rust grades 70
ac
co
dh
al
to flak scraped. bu with slight pittin
visibl unde normal vision.
80
pittin Preparation
is visibl unde normal vi ion.
grades
blas cleaning
as an as
~.
PO
111051%
an
al ce
ed ea
os
an
P2·3
~![\~ Ruane
O'Neil
/I
UN
UR AC
R E A RA T O N
Wh we wi ~ h ~ H b e f r e ~ r o m v i ~ ib l ,e ,o i l. •~ r~ a~ e ~ n d i s ca le , r u st . paint c oa ti ng s a n f or e g n m a tt er .
NOTES
ma n d o m p oo r
Wh V IS Ib l 0 1 1 . g re as e a n dirt,
be
:;;i;~'::J~"
ma ro
..~',,i
dh
mi
mo
{f
10
y a a2
Ve
/2
Wh
we
wi
ma mi
c on t m in a o n
20
ha
ho
on
gh
ns
h e form o f s po t o r s tr ip es .
to m ag n f ic a o n h e u r a c h a b e r e r o v i b l o i g re a a n d ir t a n h a b e r e r o m i c a e . r u p a n t c oa t n g a n f or e g n m a e r shall h av e u ni fo r m e ta l c o o ur .
30
MP
DE BS 70
SSPC
NACE
(S
e m
40
Ne
Grade
wh
me
SP O)
Gr
Sa2Y2
";:',::
Gr t b
t a d b
Steel Structures Painting Council National Association of Corrosion Engineers
SSPC NACE
50
h o
Equipment
~-':
Centrifuga blas unit Bl
ng
ac or es mp
60
o f e n c ar r e d o u u s n g r o a t n g w h e l w h c h h ro w h e b ra s v e centrifuga blas wheels wn us xe mm
mills. Th ma
a dv an ta ge s o f h i
y s e m c om pa re d
b la s n g y s e m a r a s o l o w
me we
70
f. 80
mp me
mo m o r e e nv ir o nm e n t f ri en d ly , close system
C en tr i u ga l b la s u n d ec k a n s im il ar .
al
ex
p or ta b
or
o r b la s n g a rg e
a t p la te s o r h ip s
mp th2e20compohnent 90
we
250-350 kmIh
c on ta m n a o n
ma A n air-wash separato
a br a v e b e o r
:.~:~n~!o~O·N';1I
e d b ac k n t
me r em o
ny
us
on mi
nt
om
yc
,.:.c.:; -,
he wh el
P2-4
,'_']::<::;
Ruane /I 'N ill
UNITP2·
S UR FA C E P RE PA R AT IO N
I··
NOTES ',
Ai blasting
.. ,'."-'
\.,
Pressure blasting. site work Vacuum blas and suctio rb ta t as w
:.
Pres ur blasting equipmen
blas
ol
~.:~~:'
ba ically consists of
(knock-out pots). Venturi shaped blasting nozzle
20
dead
an handle fo direct operator control.
el
ve pa cl
ea
ng
zz
pr
ar
higher th rate of cleaning
an
eo
It I% 40
%l hypodermic needle
gauge, facing th nozzle
B la st in g n oz zl e zles ar zz ar ed longer workin life
50
Li
ab ve
at
traigh
or e. bo
ze gs
no zl
ca Ventur shaped
nozzle.
60
approximatel
72 kmlh (450 m.p.h.). Straigh Bor Nozzle
70
Ventur Shaped Nonl
.... BO
~Me<;{\
8~S(r~l)
90
fringe area of lowe blasting efficiency
open
Ru.... &TPO·Noil
Issu.
1 21 1J 5J %
closed ys
cc
he
as
at
P2-S
Ruane /I Neil eg
NOTES
ns ct as
nt
ar
ui d.
he
gc:r;?'j
of th nozzle 10
se hose of th correc type i.e. reinforced
estric th pressure to 0.7 MPa (100 p.s.i.), 20
leathe apro an gloves
We blasting 30
em
at
g.
au
ey
blasting. including: 40
pecification al ow th us of an inhibitor) miscible primers.
gh pr ssur pu
50
te
la ti 200 MPa (-30,000
ex
ng
ig
nt
re sure
ar as
ater lu abra iv
nj ct on
140 MPa (-20,000 70
will profile.
pr ssur
er plus br si
Operates at -0.7 MPa (100 p.s.i.). It 80
nj ct on me
er
efficiency.
ea
bl st ng
it
itho
ab as ve nj ct on
Operates at -0.7 MPa (l00 hi et oil. grease etc.. isadvantages includ high co 90
ec
Ai blasting or
Ruano I'O'Neill Issue 2 2 10 S l' J( o
ea or an lo ef iciency.
it wate injectio bi or
ed
ai ab as
ea
am
:,
Ruane
/I PO'Neill
PREPARATION
NOTES
.....
r.
Ha we g r n d n g a n n ee dl e g un n n g
10
wi
me rt r e r ic te d o r d am ag e r o
ys ms ma w or k wh a br a v e h e u rr o n d e nv ir on m n t w ou l o cc ur .
Wi
me BS
20
Part
d e fi ne s s ta n da r d me
wi follows:
r:
ch pp ng
we V i b l o i g re a
an
rt ha
ye b e r em ov ed .
al
mo Wh
30
ma ro
p oo r
a dh er in g m i
ca e, ru
p a n t c oa t n g
an
o re ig n m a e r
As me
treated m u mo t h e m e t al li c s u bs tr a te .
me c a s in g ~ " e ff ec t o n c oa ti n
B r on z b r us he s ma no be pe mi be au of I h e p o ss ib il it y o f g a lv a ni c c or ro si on . P l a st i b ri st le s w it h e mb ed de d a br as iv e ar va ab as an alternative.
wi
wh
a dh es io n
n on -s pa rk in g t y pe , i .e . p ho sp ho r- br on z
o r b er y ll iu m -b ro nz e
Needle gunnin
60
is m e m e n ee d g un , or J as on ' h am m e re is u su a o pe ra te d r ec ip ro ca t n g u ng s e n n ee dl es . p re fe ra b ma Ne we mm
ha
e nd en c
pu
m pu r e s n t
or
ma n ee d e s ha Th
h e u r a ce .
Af mp m e h od s u se d o r a br a v e b la s c le an in g
ma h e c on to u o f h e u b r a
me al ow
'"
~ i . .
70
Reciprocating needles
80
ompressedair 90
N EE D
GU
[,:1;
.... Issee
I"O'~.iI
l1.IOS/%
P2-7
Ruane
O'Neil
......
II
NI
UR AC
AT
NOTES
Flam cleaning IS
ne
20
remove
es
ce
as
an am
The
ac
by wire brushing
ve
30
co
n . .. '
gt
ea
etc..
-~~
au ed
eq
es
es
C.::'~.
ea
c(;llH
whe finished.
40
..
ar nd 40 be comfortabl applied) ar es BS
ns
en at on
ot
.'
e.
AI PI.
50
C..: ~,
Chemical cleaning Pickling
60
ar
nd
el
Procedure: uitabl solvent, e.g. xylene usuall
applie
by cloth.
.:.':'.;">
5-10%
70
65-70DC,
type an degree of contamination. 3.
F o o n er '
80
d up le x p ro ce ss .
sOGe,
afte
fina wa h.
90
Ru.""
w•
O·N. 12JtJS/'JIi
P2-8
Ruane O'Neil
UN
NOTES
A.
urfaces. includin
UR AC
non-metallic
A RA T O N
ar coated or aestheti cr
N ON w
reasons.
at
10
aran
eg
Typica procedure
20
detergent (-2%), situatio
allows
Swee abrasive blasting prefer ed clot or ir brush.
ac
If
et key to th substrate.
type (poly-vinyl-buty al
(.>,
T-wash
.:
system.
f'
60
-~
70
60
90
'_
RllAn. &. O'Neil Issue Z 2I OS IW i
type etchan
R OD S
ould nonnally be used
as
Ruane
TP
II
UN
'Neill
B . T E T S T O D E TE C
U R A C C ON TA M N AT IO N
I;
Th
o l o w n g e s a r qualitative, mi om he Th me mi es en b e m a n l quantitative.
NOTES (-
.:
quantity o f or de
ma
nt mi wi ot be ng nt mi on bu m;
10
lu
20
ir
lt
le he pota sium [erric anid ma wi b on d ny pl oa gs ng
he
wh oa
ur of
ma ys m.
Procedure: I.
ng
mi scent-spray
ma
Wa r r c ya n d e e s p ap e b y p re s n g d ow n o r
2.
on Th
40
wa y p e o f b ot t e .
ow
us
ue
to
seconds.
ot
Mill scal Mi
wi
u nd e y in g applied.
1' ':".'
-.
nd
Sa
7079
me b an d
h e copp
wi h e v en tu a
di
ulphat
mi
te
ma
ny oa
ys
us d.
Procedure
\,;
mi mi
ca
ye ma p ar t
ho
mm me a s b la c p o
,1,'".1""
!:.'·c ;c
.- .",
!.
Dust ma
70
mi
yi mo
ma
me
s t c k n es s w il l p ar t
mi
ma
mp g ov er n h e r es u s .
BO
:.
S im p
me
ma
we
90
g re as e b y c au s n g it
CIRuan. b s~ .
O'Srili
Z 2I OS I' JI I
uo
ut
n v o nm e
qu
or hi me od
P2B-l
"\
/I Ruane 'N il
UN
A IN T C ON ST IT UE N
Pa nt ma be ub di de
NOTES
nt
he ol ow
y pe s
L iq ui d p ai nt s c on ta in in g s ol ve nt . S ol ve n f re e l iq ui d p ai nt s P ow d e p ai nt s 10
So h e n ee d o r c o L iq u
wd a n h az ar do u o lv en ts .
p a n t c on ta in i
o lv en t a r
me
he mo Wa
c om m on , a l h ou g
wh ol en
mi re ma er al
industrial applications. 20
Op
me
wn
vehicle ( w h ic h p r im a r il y
me
An
me
varnish.
Binder film former v is co u f il m . It m a a dd i e s o ge th e or c on t n uo u
~!!.l~ 40
i.
bi!l.~ pr ov id e d i
---~. -'
.... -~,--
'"
.....
ms me m.
a dh e o n
. . . _ . . ~-.
p a n t type i s n or m a
.
ub ra e'
u r a ce , m ec ha n c a a n c he m c a
.. ....
d en ti f e d b y t s b in de r
Acrylic t\,_\·~\
if''' I'
/prtt\/";o
~t#~l~~ r)Lt.
t' .)-r
llh
:':.IS\tll~t It
PI.,
Alkyd
c.
~ l J "" '! '
h\~M"'< r"..
v·:;
Cellulose C h lo ri na te d r ub be r
C;."Jf"';{/I::....
Emulsion
\,
'.
Epoxy
·.·,.7~,\»: " - ' : : "' ; A : ( \ , . . , '
1'" '.
~.I
r-.-t. ~-~.-!L' ..... .':'.,...,_
E th y a n m e th y s il ic at e
60
Na ra oi
e.
n se e
oi
un oi
Phenolic Polyurethane Silicone
r.:'· '"
Styrene
t·I~·":
Vinyl
")/Jt~';~r(.
Ea
wn
mu wo
80
it w o
mi mi An wo c ho ic e a s h es e p ai nt s h av e g oo d c he m ic a r es is ta nc e p ro pe r e s T h a dv an ta ge s a. c.
90
f.
OR...""
c h o r n a e d r ub be r p a
P r v id e o ug h n er t re R es is ta n m o u g ro wt h Non-flammable. Non-toxic. V e r d ur ab le . E a si l m a i nt ai ne d . L o w a e r v a o u p er me ab i
TPO'Noili
an
en
mu
y s e m a re : ac
a n a lk a n e g en t
of ha
or al yd
P3-1
Ruane II 'Neill
til"
NOTES
D i sa dv an ta ge s o f
c h o r n a e d r ub be r p a n t s ys te m :
(;'; Ma 10
mp
ft
a in t b in de r o rm s polymers w h w e h t n ea r m o e c e . c om po se d o f
yi r in g o r
ym of re ea ed un
r uc tu r
mo co si ng of
c ar bo n h yd ro ge n o xy ge n a n n i r og en . ma
m ew o
yc mb
L IN EA R P OL YM E
.,
'~1
30
\···,·
R AN CH E
P OL YM E
e-
'" C OM PL E
yp
ym
wh
ma
P OL YM E
l in e ar , b r an c he d or complex. monomers;
polymerization 60
wi
yi
m.
m o de m p ai nt s s y nt he ti c Re
ym
Pa
ma
Resins Na ri
70
Th
ma
mi
rm
Na re
mo
mi
c.
ry
Na ra re water.
r nm a
A lm o a l r e n s u se d p a n t o rm u a t o n yl mi ys ro chemica compositions.
o wa da y
ar
yn he c. e.
e po xy . a lk yd ,
Oils .~ -,'-~ \\ '\u \._J
\.,~,O -:;'
Be re
) . ,ts,
yn he r es in s m ad e e i a p e ar a c e u n a tu ra t me N ow a y s o l eo r es in o u s v a rn i sh e s o i a n r es in ) o r s pe c a li se d u se s
90
'j,..;j\"';'j, i ! . l" ' ' " to . . .
C om m
yi wh
1 0 0 .. .
T P O·N.m OJ/06lll6
dr ng oi mm yi
mo yi
ma ms
on
o i p a n t these Pa wh
P3-2
/I Ruane TP 'Neill
r.
UN mo a s d ry in g p a n t
NOTES
S~J;;i.drying
pa nt
shor oi paints t he s p ro du c ma l m u se d o r s tr uc tu ra l c oa t n gs .
o r h e u r o s o f m od i y in g h e p r p er t e s o f h e r e n s yi
re yi
Th p re ve nt s o r l im i t o x id at io n
me
xi
Pi me
ma
yi
'/?
ma mi
Pigments
20
~i mi - 'M o s t p l gg l E: nt s u s e .j,! P I if fi 'e n ts . P i gm e n t must -~'
30
-""""'"
ma
me mi
.--~
Pi me mp
ms
me p ig m en t a r y p c al l
es
he
ur
T he r a r p ig me n w h c h c a a pp l ( ru s t i nh i bi ti v e p r op e rt ie s .
40
P i gm en t a r a r e s o lu b le .
b r it tl e
and·no~,~dryi~g·oils
Th
10
A IN T C ON ST I U EN T
ra y. Co mo p e r p a rt ic le . o th e c ha ra c e r
T i ta n iu m d io x id e is w h me wo ma p a n t o ve r v ar ie t o f g h c o o ur s o w w e g h a n r e a nc e h ea t a n c or r s io n
n so lu b e ; d ye s
ma
w er ) wh
ma
cs
ma xp Op
p a n t e .g . a n c or ro s v e
me c ha ra c e r
re r en g h .
c s a r h ig h
P ig me n a r u su a c la s e d b y c o o u b y h e p r m ar y c ha ra c e r he pa nt e d e lo w a r o m p ig me n c la s e d b y h e a t e r 50
mmo wh
he af or
Opaque pigments T he s
60
n er t p ig me n
a r u se d o r h e p ur po s
C om p ou nd s o f c a c iu m
r ed , y e l o
C om p ou nd s o f c ob a
bl
C om po un d
o f c hr om iu m
C om p u nd s o f r o T i ta n iu m d io x id e R us t i nh ib i i v
,:"
a n i -c or ro si ve )
o f p ro v d in g c o o u a n o pa c y .
r ee n y e o w o ra ng e r ow n r e
ye ow
wh te p ig m en ts :
70
c a c iu m p lu mb a
a n z in c c hr om a e .
r e r ic te d d u
gh ox ci y.
Z in c c hr om a t
<,
Z i n p h os p ha t
- - . . . . : " " " ," ' _ ' ~~;\i .')".fi;...
Re
ea
C a lc iu m p lu m b a t
80
C oa l a r
Metallic pigments:
I.
Ma
me
rr me
90
me wi
another. Zinc Aluminium
:'
~~~1~ ...:.
.• .'
Iss".
O'N,m 0 :I I1 . I6 I
P3-3
/I Ruane O'Neil
UN
AI
ON
NT
Extende pigments:
NOTES
&.
M or e re extenders; h e a r n o p aq u a nd .a re .u se d o r n cr ea s v is p os .i .t y ,r ~ 4 ~ c in g . g lo s s a n d a id in g intcrcoat a d e s o n S om e o pa qu e pigments ca a l p r v id e h e c ha ra c e r c s b u h e m a a dv an ta g o f u s n g e x e nd er s o we r cost
';i',
10
Chalk
{.
S la t d us t 20
Laminar pigments L am i me
Micaceous m e C Ul Sm ic a o r as h e cast wit micaceous
30
i ro n o xi de . h av in g
characteristics similar mica.
10
ma
Th o f h e c oa t n g
r en g
1 •
me
wh me
al
xc
mi ra wo Mi p ig m en t w h c h h av e s im i a r c ha ra c e r s t c s
Pigmen volume concentratio 40
wa
m pr ov ed .
M.
me
l ea f in g e ff ec t w h
me mi M. O.
mi
(p.v c. mo c r c a p ig me n
mu
mo v o u m e c on ce n r a o n
(c.p.v.c.).
me
me
wh
p ro pe rt ie s a r c ha ng e To mu
me
we
(l
m a rk ed ly .
wi
we
me
50
e nd en c
e: ~.
t o c ha l a n b li s e r high
~.
CPVC
gloss 60
:i
blistering
Properties
70
permeability
lo
I -: " " _ -
o w ~ ~ ~ P If ! /.Ijt(ij 6,#~t::1'L
CPVC
( 2 ' T , C k · 1 . P i gm en t V o u m e C o nc en tr a i o
80
F ro m h e
l us tr at io n
mu
will
mo we 90
i.e, h ig he r o r
me wh wa
we
me
me
mp wi
mo
p ig m en t v ol um e c on ce nt ra ti on , h e g lo s p ro pe rt y r ed uc e c on si de ra b y .
Ru.... TPO·N.i11 b lu e O NO li l' .l 6
Ruane
UN Th
NOTES
of
pa
A IN T C ON S mu
o n d ep en d ma
U EN T
u po n p ig m n t
ng
n d b in d
yp wh
g.
nt on
ns
o n o i a lk y ds .
10
Solvents Th bi s o lv e n t
P a in t d e f ig ne d b e s o v en t free lM h a v e a c ce p ta b l a p p li ca ti o n p r op e rt ie s
pa nt
Th pa vi us
20
pr
ov
rf
o lv e m u vo m . T h m po r p ro p
Solven
om p or a nt
of
nl om
oa ng of pa nt ol ws
ve
power:
S tr on g o lv en t e .g . a ce to n a r r eq u r e o r c om p l a te d p o y m er s mo he pa nt m ov e m o y.
hi
n ab l
he
Rate of evaporation:
me me wi e ff ec t e va po ra ti on ; s pr ay in g r es ul t i n f as te r e va po ra t o n h a b ru s a pp li e c oa ti ng s If of va or on oo qu pr bl ms ma ur ng pp on g. spray.
30
r.
Flas
point:
T h i i s t ~ _ r _ n. iE !_ m J ~J em p ~ '! tl !r ~ .g f! h~ ., ~~ y ~ _ n! .~ t ~ ~ ic ~ t ~ e v ap o ur s g iv e n ~ f f a r s ....ou rc e o f g ni t o n IS '..._ If .......Ie ....... "...... ,.
40
.... ".
,. ,.
....-'
'.,.
Toxicity:
C'
mi e xp re ss e 50
o cc up a o na l
e xp o u r
mi
p ar t p e m il l o n ( p p .m .) .
D r ae ge r u b w or k o n
me pr nc pl
mi
y, mm h e b re a h a y se r
wn
Othe constituent
". 60
di ma ng di of pa n am e b in d o lv e p ig m h er e a r o th e c on s t ue n s ; h es e m a y n c u d p la s c iz er s a n i -s et t n g a ge n s , d r e rs , a n d a nt i- sk in n in g a g en ts .
Plasticizers
:<
70
mo p la s c iz e m a a l N on -d ry in g o i -.
mo mo m pr ov e h e a pp l c a o n p ro pe r
ma it of he pa nt
e .g . c a o r o i a n__.._ro co...... nu t o i a r u se d a s p la s c iz er s
Anti-settling agents -"'{ -..:.:L~~,~, ...., "'1-!'-,': fl~:"")"
-r~_1 \-,..r
<:~ 'I
•.:.
I\\{;P
An an he
~~r~< \¢r:.,,
,·11
n g g en t h e o rm a o n o f m a n ta i h e p a n t u n o r on en
B en to ne s a n w ax e
~ ~ , " " .._..-r·,
T h ix ot ro pe s a r g e f or me r wh s la g e v is c os it y
wh
ar
h ix o r op i
m en t he bo om of pa d ur in g h e p a n t h e e.
ag nt
he
k ee p h e o l d s
n t n er s d i p er s o n
rier (applicabl to oi base paints Dr 90
yi
mp mp
me mo
~a"p~~1)3t~.~ .... yi wh mo
yi d ep en da n u po n h e p o y m e
R... no
Issue
PO'~tiU
O :l /O M l
y pe .
Dr ~ m me yi
mo
l.
P3-5
Ruane
O'Neil
/I
UN
NOTES
ti kinnin
A IN T C ON S
agen
appl cabl
TU NT
il as
aint if
co
0' er
av
en
closed properly or 10
pa
ne
er
ow
ox
~~;'~;~q"~~'--p-;;'~~'Ts~'
Solutions
I~--a';;i~~ion
_water.
C:
Dispet:si~ns ~.~.
In 40
'.....
dispersion
emulsions. Suspensions particle bein
50
urrounde
an
e,
urrounde ette
an
ette by th liquid e.g. pigmen an vehicle.
by th binder
et
er
ac ed as aggregates
ca
.e
during paint manufacture 60
necessary d eg re e o f d is pe rs io n or n en e he de Emulsions
70
and water
80
90
CIRu_ &I lss u.lll~
I'O'Noili
o f g r n d fo th particular paint; or example, ai pa
·"
r.
Ruane
II
DR
'Neill
Ql:y.Ln_gj~dc.fi_n_ed 2015 .. .1 992: 9.J.EJ_s_a!J. change .0(31 at at SOlvent. physico-chemica reactions
NOTES
10
··~hen·.t~~ drying caffed airdl)ing;' if t.emperature bu belo
es
at
ce
ap al
no
that used fo staving, it is termed/arced staving.
al
pe
it is
drying. Applicatio
of
20
based paints reveal stickiness
Fr edom from
esidua tack
othe
co
Hard
co
ap
ry damage.
40
Dryin mechanisms
';
he
50
es
;':
_"
, .
an
. ·
__
..
.,
. "
Chemical curing ."-
"""-
Coalescence 60
Solvent evaporation er an
he
ch
ak
e. or
non-convertible 70
reversible paints ap
branche
at
co
polymers
Oxidation 80
ch
driers convertible
au
90
ai
R... l J$ uo l
I' O'Noill O JI II 6i 'J 6
he
en an
em
an mp
or non-reversible ha
paints,
e.
er
P4-1
'!l:\l
/I Ruane O'Neil
NOTES
Chemical curing Ch mi
10
Pai w h c h m e w h h ea t is a pp l e d a r k no w a s t he rm o pl as ti c c o at in g s C oa t n g w h c h d o n o m e a f e r t h a pp li ca ti o o f h ea t ar known (IS thermoset coatings.
mi mp yi
xi yi
yg ys
c ur in g a g en t wh mi h av e c om p le x p o y m er s
convertible
or non-reversibl
Cu
20
paints
wo
e .g . h ea t u lt ra -v io le t T wo -p ac k ~ a
gh
n fr a- re d i gh t e le c r o
a r u se d
~~
an
t he re fo r e
'l.
ys ms
b ea m e t
k in g n t consideraticnthe
_-'
mi -30
o mp on en t
O th e t er m s f o r i n du c ti o period ar ltad time an s ta n i me .
yp ca
up
nd me
Th
ow
or
mi
on
3 0 m in u
Coalescence wh
40
a no th e a n p hy s c a mu non-convertible o r r ev e
me oi bl
wa
ws
o ge th er . pa nt
a l h ou g
hi
n o v er y o bv io u
pr ct ce
50
60
70
80
90
(E:~
Ru....
Iss".
TP O'N.il 3/lW96
P4·2
llJ .•
..
Ruane
MS
O' eill
NOTES t:
n p 10
n m
ys ms t h f ol lo w in g m e th od s
mb
f)
mo
I.
me
y.
ma
coating.
Passivation: C or ro s o n
2,
Y. h ro ug h h e p a n t
re rd or rr me
m.
ed by ch mi al re ct on be we mo
ru
protection: .c
.3
ng me
gm
nc
mi
m, wh
wi
c oa t n g s uc h a s z in c g a v an iz in g
40
Pai mu Ea
ms ye oa ha
ys ow pe
me un
mi
on
Primer me
50
p r d e ke o f a n n h b i v e p ig m en t
ye
ma mu mo me
wo an du
60
he p ar t c le s
mu
m ix i
wash or m o r da n t p ri m er s a r n or m a w o- pa c me wh c he m ic al l r ea ct s
wn
mi
into",
wi
h u a ch ie v n g o p m u m a dh e o n
E t c p ri m er s w h
Mo or os ve na ur ", or "t bi
me
ha S om e
70
wi
me
be
ye
pr me ox
y.
Midcoat Mi b ar r e r 80
ma p re ve n
mi d i u te d w h c h w i
ma h e p as sa g
of wa er me
ea
me
c or ro s o n
Mi s li gh t s ur f ac e i rr e gu la r it ie s
mo
Finish
90
mu
on mo
wo
mu
mo he ur ce OR_&TPO'N.m
Iss...
OJi06l')6
be
ne
,'f
as y.
P5-1
Ruane
MS
TP O' eill
NOTES
10
General T he r a r
a r u s w ay s
c la s
Classification 20
he ol ow
yp
40
Options
Alkyd Cellulose C h lo ri na te d R u bb e Emulsion Epoxy Polyurethane Vinyl
50
Aluminium M ic ac eo u r o o x d e Re ea R e o xi d Z i n p h os p ha t e
60
Black Blue Green ed White Yellow
P ig m n t
Colour
ab
Anticorrosion Antifouling Decorative F l am e r e ta r de n t H e a t r e si st an t H o l p ai n M o i st ur e t ol er a n R o a m a rk in g
Function
B in de r
p a n t y s e m a s h ow n
yp
'j
'~
.c
('
70
80
90
Ruane bout
O M 1 61 'i 6
O 'N e l l
P5-2
Ruane O'Neil
MS T hf .< .J ~! I~ ~ _I 1~ ' ! ~~ _ ~~ tr af .! X! .t ~? m B S 5 49 3
Type 10
S pr ay e m e a l b ar e painted
c oa t n g s y t em s
m e ta l) :
Z in c a nd /o r z in c- ir o
;p
ea ed or
al oy
Z in c o r a lu m in iu m m e a l
O r g a ni c z in c -r i c
Z in c n d o rg an i
b in de r
I n o rg a n i z in c -r ic h
Z in c a n
b in de r
Dry ng oi yp
D r y n g o i u re th an e o i k yd . m o d e d a lk yd . p h n o v ar n e po x e s e r p lu s p ig me n
S il ic o n
a lk y d
il ca
or
S il ic on e- m od if ie d a lk y d p lu s p ig m en t
One-pack chemical-resistant
Moisture-curing p o y ur e h an e an h ig b- ma ie cu la r- we ig h t l in ea r e pa :c y r e s n s w h c h a r b o o n e p a c c h em i ca l- r es is ta n t m a r ia l a r n o n c u d h e p ro du c s ec t o n b ec au s he 0/ m i e d e xp er ie nc e us at t h l im e all(/5493 ;'b ..... publication.
p ri nc ip l
Characteristic constituents
Z in c c oa t n g ( ex ce p s pr ay e b ar e s ea le d o r p ai n e d
20
s ho w s t h
C h lo r n a e d r ub be r o r v in y l c op o y m e r r es i p lu s p ig m en t
lt 40
50
T w o - p ac k c h em i c al -r e si st an t
E po x o r p o y u re th an e r es i ( in cl ud in g m o di f c at io n w i c oa l a r p lu s pigment
Two-pack chemical-resistant o ve rc oa te d w i o ne -p ac k c he m ic a re n t r av e c oa t a n ni
E po x r e o ve rc o wi c h o r n a e d r ub be r p lu s p ig m en t
Bitumens
Co mi me wi w i h ou t p ig m en t c oa l a r e na m el .
Sacrificial coating me
wh
wh
60
me
p i m en t m u b e n o ma c om m o y pe s o f p ig m en t e mp lo ye d
he mo
Z in c r ic h p r m er s wo m in im u nc on nt 90
be
d;
me d.
we ht
of
nc
pe
m in iu m
d.
70
h em s el ve s a n O rg an i
h e s ub s r a e . h er ef or e a n e ff ic ie n b in de r
n c r ic h p r m er s u su a
h av e
me 80
m a b e o ve rc oa te d w i Me
oa ng
e po x
b in d r .
me yl p ec ia l e d ga
ni ng
ma n i h , e .g . me
n ec es sa ry . yl
c on e r ay e me
a le r
r eq u r ed . gs
pr
pa
us
systems. Wh 90
me
os on area.
Ru....
Iso...
&.
Ul/llII<'%
O 'N
on wi
mi wh
p ro du c
nc
ma he
ma
PS-3
/I Ruane O'Neil
MS
NOTES ~ .
("
Powde coatings
~ ~
.: ."
··
t.,.~t"~'.
thermoplastic.
- . l . e · 1 I e f:.,·,!V. ~.
pp
10
pe
together unti he ar activated
20
wastag
ea
?:
ce
f.
urce
via overspray.
operation.
Moisture tolerant system 30
es
oi
em
dam
ci ed ur
s ur fa ce s at
or ex
e:
surface: detectable water.
40
-:::"C
surface: ac
surface: 50
et
ee
pecification or exac definition ai
da
ur ce
.~
hich apply.
ce
e:
. 60
er
."
pl ".
oi
er an eran
.-.-
._.'
._ . . _,._
....
..__.
70
90
R u .. .
TrO·N.m
lu...Z!l4/ll6l'J6
P5-4
/I Ruane TP O'Neill
c-"
I.
O SH H
requirements [IS
ma
wi
Ifll.....;,.:•...•.
I..
10
me
be
ma
high volume usins
Alkyds Epoxies 20
A cr y
ed
R ub be r
Acrylics Bitumens Silicones
Polyurethanes Vinyls
conventional preparation
is
01
o mp a b l
nv
na
ys ms
Wa
me
airless spray. Wa
r~
mp ms
50
ma
systems nt we
wi wa
co
me bl ma
system. Advantages
Non-toxic.
60
GWP
N o n f la m m ab le .
G lo ba l W a m i
p",flllltri.
Wa
he p. pl nt ul
re di
va
bl
Odourless,
O~(J/rl!Depietion POlf'III(1{
Compatibility. 70
L o w v is co si ty .
Disad vantages
ow N ee d
(1
po n on - e rr ou s
a pp l c a o n
window S to r ag e r e qu ir e m en ts . L es s d u ra bl e
.... :...
R eq u
ve
substrate.
90
Ruane IS.'iur
• .. .. "
O'SriU
ttw.
P5A-l
'E
Ruane
II
'Neill
NOTES
General Th
mb
wh
me
wh
10
ma mi oo 20
40
wi
me
Th
wi r m a n c a b e o b a i e d s e a ra te ly :
ea
p ai n
Group
T es t o n l iq u
Group
Te n vo lv in g c he m c a e xa m n a o n o f q u films.
G ro u
Te
Gr
Op
Gr
Me
Gr
Du
Group
E nv ir on me n a l e s o n p a n t c or ro si o a n c he m ic al s) .
Gr
De y, g en er a p r n ci p e s a n r a i n s ch em e s
a s o c a te d w i
e xc lu di n
wh
pa nt
c he m ic a t es ts ) a in t a n d r e d a in t
o rm a o n ms ms ms
nc ud
es mmo
o r r es i a nc e yp
50
60
70
,. 80
90
l./ R ua n O·N.;11 Iso... OliUf>l96
Ruane II O'Neil
NOTES
Viscosity Vi
me
ff.....
w.
10
y; r u w it h
rc u id .
o w v is co s
we
mo
T em p y, s pe ci fi c t em p er at ur e e .g . 2 0± O .5 "C . 20
mp
yn mi a l h ou g t h o l c .g .s . u n t , h e poise. i s s t 10 N.s/m
p oi se .
T h v is co s
o f w at e
Th
me yp
ma mp cup; a g
a pp ro xi ma te l me
Vi
mu
n ew to n- se co n p e c om m on l u se d
q ua r
me
re
wn
viscometers
),
w h c h h er e yp
ra ri
me me h er e a r m a y pe s
N.
c en t p o s e
ri
me
Th
wi c l d in g h e F o rd , R e dw o o d an
flow Z ah n o w
C'
up
40
~, o.
60
~,
me 70
I.
No
B r n g e m pe ra tu r
o f p ai n t o w i h i
....
2 0± 0 5 °C .
wi
2.
r ap id l Allow
ll it wi
p ai n
m om e wi
wi
R em o
80
wa
mm d is t n c v e b re a Th
me
a ke n a s h e v i c o
Th we mp u s n g d i e re n p er ce n a g
wi
h e p ai n s tr ea m o cc ur s
c on d
90
mu
of
y.
mi me n er s
d de d
mb h e p a n t a ke n r o
re
mp o pe ne d
can.
Ruan.
bou.'
0'[1;.;1 OlllJ6/'l6
P7-2
c. Ruane
'Neill wo
NOTES
wi
.\
Viscometer which w o
' : : ' . "
mu
wi me
d.
Oran
yp
~} 10
Density De
unit v o m e a n
we
Density
20
o un d
me
ms
o f w a te r 1000 e m o f w a e r
millilitre
gram
litre
kilogram
wi we o f w a te r
me re
wa
than
wi
wa
De
h e o l o w n g o rm u a :
volume
Th (g/cnr').
30
h er e o r
ma
we
me
40
/vent
.,1',',
70
D EN S T Y C U P
~~---------------
Procedure fo measuring densitl'~~..!qQ_c_D.l~~~P: We c ap ac i
1.
an
se si vi
of
g.
mo
80
t.;'
2.S m m
m.
Ca vent Wi
we
D e te rm in e h e w e g h o f h e p a n t b y u b r ac t o n 90
Di
m' f:']:
mi we mp
Issuo
mp wh I' O·N.m
O J/ 06 l9 6
mp ri
~t
wi 10
th
Ruane II O'Neil
(: we
NOTES
us hi pr du h e c or re c p ro po rt io ns .
It
m ix e
mi
wh
wo
nt
f>~.
10
Relative densit Relative densit
d en s
20
of wa er
c.
S p e ci fi c g r av i t (Sa)
me
30
specific gravit
sa
th
ha
wa bt ne
ensuy
water
sa
m' he
mu me
di
o rm u
wi n sw e
be or
Exampl formulae Wh
we
Density=--
a.
Density
weight
volume
Density
d. Note: 60
C:
-I
kg sr-ures grams
Density
50
-~
-J"~0
5x
. '. 1 . . .
',
0 x cm .:
1,.47 glcml
sa w o
1.47.
wo
mi m'
y.
wo Wh
a ft e m i x in g ? 11.13 70
pa
ur
pa
o mb i
11.13 12.69
d. Den ty Note:
sa w o
1.56
0.78
1.56 p ar t
12.69 1 .4 1 g /c m '
t·
1041.
'-
(' 90
Rua". ,,"ue
O 'N ei l O . l1 0 6/ 'J 6
P7-4
'I
/I Ruane O'Neil
NOTES
Fl
oi
gi
nd
of
ow
mp
ur
~7
10
/ v p ou r m ix tu r
ap bl
o f b e n g g n e d b y a n e x e rn a
mi
o ur c
of gn on
ma Abel type.
wi
Procedure: 20
I.
Fi
he Ab
Ac va
If
ng
o bs er ve d
3.
me h e e mp er a u r
occurred. Th material
'/"/'"
:.;'.
":::i'
u nd e e s h ou l b e c oo l or r ep la ce d a n th lest
4. 30
Apply he Ab
he
h e o ur c
of gn on
bs
m en t
wa
v er y V z o C r is e i n t em p e ra tu r e
wa
mo
mp
c up .
T h f 1a sh po in t e m pe ra tu r s ub st an c b ei n a ss es se d
ts d en t f ie d
whe
me
restarted.
We film thicknes (w.f.t.) we de
40
immedi tely afte on
ge we
b e m m ed i
mo
we
ma
he
wh
nc Al ul o t o f o lv en t h a e va po ra te d
m e n in g
wh
on c om b g au g
me e cc en tr i
d s will be w h e el .
50
(.":'.'"
~~.,. bZ<'" tJ"{
1,
~,
"(tJ ~.
J..
~. f.
COM6GAUGE
Scale
/.
70
ECCENTRIC'M-IEEL
l· ~_.!:f.l 80
1.
~~
mm ml surface.
mb wa
ma
mo
,.
o rd e
yi
we
ou
n-
ng
ot
ma
90
l',,+
R.... bsu.
TfO'Ntili 0J/06I'J6
P7·5
Ruane O'Neil
NT Th we
NOTES
h ic kn e
J.I.
by ca cu at on
IO~~xd J . t :
volume ---a;:ea-
Dry fil
thickness (d.f.t.)
Th
20
un
NG
V.$.-IO
j. t.
10
ma be
NT
me
mi
dry i l
t hi ck ne s o f
pa nt
calculation
Non-destructiv Me ri m e h od ; h er e a r
test gauges wi v ar ie t o f g au ge s a va i a b
e dd y c ur r en t/ el ec tr on i
mo w it h v ar io u s ca l r an ge s
wi
g au g
m a g n et i f il m t hi c kn e s (banana) gauge
40
pu -o
g au g o r T i ns le y p e nc i horseshoe gauge
Eddy current/electronic
Th
mo
ra ma yp
50
gauges
yp
me me
wi
rr f e rr o m a gn e ti c s u bs tr a te .
wh mo
±5%.
me
wh
.:
re .
60
70
E LE CT R O N I
80
M a gn et i
il
thicknes
D .F . T. G A U G E
gaug
he banana gauge, mo wi t h c kn es s o f n on - e rr om a gn et i c oa ti ng s a pp li e u se , h e g au g m u s b e c a i br a e d
ma me o ve r e rr om a gn e i c s ub s r a e s
Pr or
C a li br a ti o n p r oc e du r e 90
Ch
accuracy.
Ruan. t ss u
0 )1 0( .1 %
O·N.ill
ma yo
wn yo
'-.:._.
Ruane /I TP O'Neill
NOTES
Pl c al i br a 3.
me ra is me h e g au g o n a n u n o a e d b la s e d u r a ce .
Pl ma w he e r wa rd s a wa y r o shim/substrate.
10
y ou r e l
ml h e m ag ne t
un
wh mo wh wi to 'Zero
20
n o m ag ne t
f.
pa nt
Wi
ms
11
me de ni el
wh b la s e d s ur fa c wi at ac ed
he
ma me me
me
Wh he po on of
ca
rf
wi hi
ca c la im e
ad
wn mu me
yp or
a cc ur ac y o f ± 5
mo wh
om ca es
30
40
M AG NE T
F IL M T H C KN ES S
G AU G
\.
Pull-off gaug
f\ "1;,-
Th
50
y p o f a ug e m a
nl u se d o r m e u r h e h ic k e s rr ma Th t h o th e n on -d es tr uc t v e e s g au ge s Th
u l o f g au ge , o r Tinsle pencil
ma at ac es
60
o f n on - e rr om ag ne t mp
el
oa ed ub ra ma
me wh h e c oa te d u b r a e . T h wl wa a t o rm a c id en c u n
70
b ef or e u se . T IN S LE Y
P EN C I
es
Th
',
m a gn et i horseshoe we wo Th
wo ma me
me ma
ma me
90
n on -f er ro m ag ne ti c c oa ti ng s a pp li e
R ua . . , b su c
I' O'NoIlI U .J II Hi I' H
o ve r f er ro m ag ne ti c s ub st ra te s
P7-7
Ruane II O' eill
NOTES
Destructiv test gauges De ve ne es ry du 10
r ro m g n n d h er e o r c oa t n g c an no t b e u se d he
20
ut nd he h e o s o f r ep a n g h e d am ag e oa ng n on -d e
g au g
mi ro op
A no t de s im i a r p r n c p l
wh
ga
ne ge h e p a n t n sp ec to r
M.I.O. pigment; M.LO. w h c h r e o n n on -m ag n
yp
f. G)
sp
me ns of
uc ve
bu
nt
"(
wh is
ma
he ns um nt
Saberg th ck es
dr ll
g au ge .
Test panels T es t p an el s e.g. m e
wn
m e as ur in g t h d.f.t, w it h
ma
me
m i cr om e te r
Calculation Th ma be me h e v o u m e s o d s (v .s %) c on te n o f h e p a n t
w.f.t, o f h e p a n t a n p ro v d in g k no wn , c u n g h e d.f.t, a s f o ll o w s
t.-
Example: Wh
fi I~
a. 60
w. n o g iv e d i e c h e q ue s o n h er fo r m us t b e f o u n b y c al cu la ti on .
10
wft.
v.s.%xwf.t.
b.
e.
..
10 df.t.
44x?
too'
w.f.t.:
70
d.
.. t.=~
e.
fs.
lf 1 5 l it re s 2m
80
C o nv er t a l e x s t n g u ni t c om mo n u n m.
f.
g. Convert 10 u m ( lO . O OO J lm : : em
1 00 0
wf.t.
w.f.:
15em 84
90
f.t.
I.
w.f.t.
RUin. O'N dli Issue OJl1l6i'}
10 000 11m 84 1791lm
P7-8
/I Ruane O'Neil
UN
NOTES
NT
AIN
Return to d.f.t. formula: dft. 10
100xl7911m
dft. = 7
k.
Opacity Q p ! c: it y - i _ ~ h ~h id in g p ow e
he pa nt
po
e . h e o pp o
of
mo paint, it p a in t v e hi cl e
we
~~~~~sq_p!~~~!.s, 30
" .· '
'./:;
e.~i~! r _
mm me p fu n d c ry pt om e te r i.la'S s_'plat~ both~itlforPorai!ng .a_ ~ a ho w. wh ~s ~ n~ er !y ' n g u r a c T h p l re rs ov re wi pa nt p er e a pp l o r pl ed on he ur ac wh e av e pa nt o f g ra du a de re ng hi kn
~]
w.
wo
wh w.
40
c-
an pa en y, me me
wh
re
sju
sju
wo
wh
n o o ng e v i b l
Bl ck an wh mo mm es
he
rd n co rp or a n g v a o u p a r n wn h id in g p ow e c ha r s , m a b a r a p pl ic at o w h me wa o th e r yp to m e r
he
r ip e
g- ag me w.
qu re
c. y.
50
•.
s..
ma Th om 60
of wh
m od e ar po ab
G lo s m e r s c on t t h r ef le ct e
gh wh
me o ur c
,.:!.;... :':-; . ' I 1 w . . t
4~
n c d en t
ng
h e p a n te d m p e ; me
l ig ht .
P h ot oe le c tr i
j-
wh pe me ng
glossmeter.
me de ne
cel
c i .- " "" - ;: · . . .
Lighlmeter
80
GLOSSMETER 90
mo
s p ec u la r r ef le c ta n ce . is
wh me
mi
me wa
R~.n. (HU.
PO'N.iIl
OJlOlll'}
wo
ma
P7-9
Ruane II O'Ne ll
NOTES
10
20
T h d eg re e o f p ig me n d i p er s o n on on nd he de yp JlI11 w ou l yp be xp yp ma 40 ur w o
he
z e o f h e p ig me n p ar t c le s h e p ig me n v o u m e g ov e he de re of P i m en t d i p e ni wh p ig m n t pe wh ma me mi
(;
I{
Adhesion A dh e n su f
ur
mo ur
oc
be we o r n su f
pr pa
un oa du
ub m ov a
nd he pr me ue he ma ur
preparation.
':<"f:1.....4
mp mp
Paint
system
.......... 40
Substrate ( be tw ee n p r m e r a n d s u bs tr a te )
50
ADHESION/COHESION
c om p at ib i t y
a ck in g i t
o f e n h e a dh es io n w h ic h s uf fe rs .
60
ee cu test
Wi
mm
mi
angle,
wn mp p ee l c le an l
wa
f ro m t h s ur fa c
70
ross-cut test (cross hatc test Us
80
mu
y.
mm mo me ma w i t t h e a p p li ca b l s p ec if ic a ti on .
Co ma
wi
wi he
ua
ma
y, he
mb w ay s
on ul
he
va
pe
or
instructions.
Dolly test
m or e e ch n c a a dh e o n e s
90
he pu -o
a dh es io n
a dh es iv e f ai lu r b e w e e
p r m e r a n s ub st ra t
a dh es iv e f a l ur e b e w e e
pa nt fi ms,
es ( m os t
d o ll y t es t m a
h ow :
k el y) ,
c oh es iv e f ai lu r w it hi n a n i nd iv id ua l p a n t f il m
a..
Issu.
'S O Jl Ol il 'H i
P7-10
Ruane
O'Neil
/I
NOTES " m e ! d eg r a s
R ou gh e A lt e n au v
a dh es i e s ( I
possible se le tproced re
10
3.
Mi
he ur ce wi
gu
di
Cu pa At ac
he ur ac
od
n e m ed iu m g ra d e m r y
nd
ol
o un d h e d o pu of
he
ow
n s r um en t a n
he
24 ou
ub pp
o th .
pu of
25 C.
ng o rc e
20
L o a d i n di c at o r D o l l p u ll e r
30
P a i n f il m
Substrat
P UL L O F
D OL L
T ES T
40
T e r e u l r eq u r e c ar e u l n te rp re t a dh es io n a r a s f ol lo w s 50
p ox y b a
3000 p .s . 1 20 0 p .
50
on
S om e y p c a v a u e o b a in e
or ac ep bl
ys ms
a lk y d b as e s ys te m s n c e tc h p r m e
Hydrauli adhesion tester S im i
pr nc pl
he do
e r b u g iv e m or e c cu ra t
es re ul
60
70
80
v..
90
OR .... [sou.1
&<
PO'Nril1
OJ/1)(w"}6
P7-11
Ruane II O'Neil
I~
WE
NOTES
DI
T h c oa t n g p ec i c a o n c a o r c an no t b e a p e d
h ou l a lw ay s a t w ea th e c o d i n s y p c a p a n g p e c a o n e x r ac t a s
n o p er m
a pp l p a n t w he n h e o l w in g c on d o n
wh ch ol ow
c oa t
a pp ly :
Du Wh temperature,
10
Wh
me
Whe
mp
SoC.
h e r e a t v e h um id i
a bo v 9 0% .
20
lati
mi ty RH
Definitions mi
mo
wa
temperature.
~. C.'.)\
mp
<:.;"
mo
he ~~.~~~!llJ?~~t.!I_re2t.,wN.c.h":2!)"~~~sa.!!.g_n mp
would .bt. (~r:rr:t~~,.T herefore, mi wo
mp
40
temperature.
C',,
Measurin ma
50
R.H. mi Th wh rl
yp
me yg me
me
hygrometer psychrometer
wh w o m er c r y
m om e bulb ther om ter,
is
..
wa
..... 60
wa
ma
t h f ra m e Th
me
~4
ms', wa mp
Th dry b ul b e mp er a u r i s t il e a i t em p e ra tu r e Willi chil factor,
70
yl
r ea d n g
wa
we bulb temperatur d u wn we wi A lw ay s we mp mme Re e ac h b u e mp er a u r a gr e w i h i a.2
mi
If
wi
me
e va po ra t o n
mp we
e mp er a u re s a r y gr om e r i
h e a me , h e c ur re n
ab es
p ec ia l
e mp er a u r
de ru es mu
ew po nt
b e u se d
80
Metal temperature e le c tr ic a l c o nt ac t t he r m o m e te r ,
O'Neill
t s s . . . ZO-l/ll6l%
P8-1
Ruane O'Neil
UN
AT
NOTES
Brus applicatio 10
ma yp wh t h m o s c om m o y p e nc ou n e re d B ru sh e m a y havejitlings o f t h
a t p a n t b ru s
ma
o l o wi n
is
t yp es :
b r s tl e i .e . h og s h a horsehair natural
20
bres
s y n th e ti c f ib r e m ix tu r o f a bo v ma
30
b r s he s a r u su a
wh b ru sh e b u q u
h ig h q ua l
m, mo
e xp en s v e
s po tt in g e tc . o n n ea rb y s tr uc tu r es . B ru sh in g a ls o works a n m ix e an du
a r c le s
h u a ch ie v
op mu
wh d he s o n
mu
ra
Roller applicatio
..
50
R o e r a pp l c a o n
c er ta i
q u c ke r m e h o
s pe ci f c at io n
mi o r c er ta i
h a b ru s a pp l c a
an wo
u se f
o r a rg e
R oU e
at
mi
w or k
Cu ro xi c on ne c e d t o h e h an dl e
me yp
60
Spra application S pr a an
a pp l c a o n r od uc e ro uc on ra es we e re fo r e r c om m o a in t a pp l c a
70
atomised,
mu wn an
.'
x ce s o f h a a ch ie ve d b y r us h n g m e h od .
airless spray a p pl ic a ti o
At m e t ho d s
mu c o nv en ti on a l s pr a
Conventiona spray
(_
gravity
60
mo
feed;
o f p re ss ur e f ee d
..
Pr
mu ra
ys ms
re
Tw
re mo ra
wi mm ry
90
ma
i. it
atomisation.
Ru....
O'Neil
P9-1
Ruane
TP
II
AP
'Neill
NOTES
AT ON
Airlessspray
'C
we mi ai
10
pl
ro ma n e d ro p e t d u
up nt
wh ai re
mo
h ig h- pr e ss ur e f lu i mp
l in e
mp mp
wo mo
:I
yi
m pr e
p um p , b ot h t he s s up pl y h yd ra ul i
p re ss ur e
ra
mp me
rl
T h o r c e z e g ov er n o f t h p at te rn .
me
w n as h e h ro ug hp u o f p a n t w h
me
h e o r c e a ng l g ov er n
wi
Ti
Pain type
yi
wn
2400
1 7 -2 3 t ho u "
H ig h b u l d e po x
s iz e
Airles pressure (p.s.i.)
iz
'\."
50
xi
wi
ma a dj us ta bl e h ol e s iz e
Ty table:
r ox im a mp mu
Th
20
30
f4~.,
a nc e
Th
Th
me
.'.'
3000
Z in c r ic h p a n t U s n g a ir le s p ra y e q p me n c a b e v er y d an ge ro u o pe ra t v e m u s a lw ay s a dh er e t o h e o ll ow in g
du
h e h ig h
u i p re s u re ;
U s t ip s d es ig ne d f o a ir le s s pr ay . Us
60
ui
ne
g oo d c on d o n d e
ne
o r a ir le s
p ra y
En En
wh
N ev e p o n t h e g u a t a ny bo d Ne 70
mp mp
wn
o r y ou r e l wh wh
set. E n su r t h e qu ip m en t W ea r a n a i
e ar th e
t o p re ve n s ta ti c s ho ck .
ed he me
80
90
Is
u an e ' " li
P O 'N o; l
1 0/ l1 61 '1 6
~.
•...
'(
Ruane
Neil
/I
T P
T A
NOTES .:."','
.~
....
Galvanizing
10
Us
.\
Th
mp
mm mo t h ic k ne s s o f a p p ro x im a t el y 85-130 urn.
..
wa 420-450
Sherardizing Us or ng a s e ne r nd ma m s P ar t c u r l ui ed h re ad e c om po ne n wh ma me ms mb mp me 15-30 ur a r t y pi ca ll y a ch ie v ed . z in c C o a n g h ic kn es se s o f a pp ro x m a te l
20
Electroplating
30
me
,.
ol
'.
.\
ng hi kn
Metallisation, me ys p r v en t n g o r
us
a r a lu m n iu m
A pp l a t o n
....
,.' .-
me up
25
J.IlTI
a r u su a
om
e.g. a pp l e d
ay 40
.. '.
ma ns Co
, .. '
......... .•
.'
nd
n or m
on
me Th mo
me
o mm o
c ar r
o u u s n g o n o f h e o l o w n g m e h od s
1.
wa w h ic h o f e n r eq u r e
50
wn ou 60
mi me
wi ds of
me
r ec yc l n g f ac i y .
m.
2.
me
nc
,.
oJ
pr ye
wi
me me
mo me
me
m po n n t
me yi wh
oa d.
pistol s y t em . an 1 : J L! .t }~ e~ ~ ! 5 9! 1] ~0 E- }E .~ !b : ? ~ . m e _ ~ I . . ~p!~ . r ~e e U .c ~ ~ . n ! _ sC ? o n o f h an d h e g u w i a n a i p ow er e m o o r w h c h ws wi yg me wh me me Th mo me he pr on pr ur mb me mp
70
Me
d ri ve n m o to r . pr ye oa gs
ol ng he
ue
he
po ou
ur
80
90
() Ruo" Iss••
O'S.iI 1 0I 1l fo I
P9·4
r: Ruane O'Neil
U N IT P O ·C O A T IN G FA U LT S lossar
NOTES
material 10
a/pain
term
coating
afilm.
d u r in g s to r ag e .
term seedy
p ec i
term peppery
Th
al
d en o
is s om e m e
us
h e p re se nc e o f b i
h a h av e d ev e o pe d
w he n h e bits a r s m al l a n
u n if or m l
IJ:~
c oa t n g m a e r
d is tr ib u te d .
~:
31,!.'\','<.:;"I·,:---;:~-r('·
coatin 20
material ro
beneath, thus producin
an unde irable
tainin
or discoloration.
Blistering: coatin material surface.
adhesion
S u c h b l is te r s m a y c o nt ai n l iq u id , v a p ou r , ga
NOTE:
film of film from th underlying o r c ry s ta ls .
Bloom:
30
glos film of coating,
gloss
colour.
Chalking: film of material during weathering,
40
NOTE; Coo/king
coating
medium
a n b e o ns id er ab l
af ct
by he ho
an
on en
o n o f p ig m en t
Cissing: material ha recede
50
leavin
holidays
film of film,
coatin
material
Cracking:
Hair cracking top coat; he
60
Checking: coat pattern.
l . . .
ay
Crazing: broader.
an
Cracking
at 70
Cracking ur er ca
Cracking
ec that resemble
croc
plet checking
or film of
80
Mu
cracking is as ociate
primaril
it highly pigmente
coating substrate. water-born paints
Cratering: he
ed
Curtainings,
film of
coatin
material
sagging:
90
t...
\_.
;i,.'.
aran
Rusn &. tssue
I'O'Nolll
1 0l 06 I9 6
ap
ce he
ou
er
curtaining.
PlO-l
Ruane
UNITPIO· C OA T N G
TP O'Neill
AU
Dr spray:
NOTES
Of
th particle ar insu ficientl
slightly bitlyfil flui toflow
from sp ayed coatin material uniform coat.
where
Efflorescence: el
pain defe t. It
No
10
th efflorescenc
of
ck
unde the coat.
Flaking: 20
Liftin of th coatin
form of flakes or scales
material
Flocculation: Th developmen
of loosel
coherent pigment agglomerates in
coatin
material
Grinning through: substrate
30
coatin
hiding powe
material.
HoJidays: film of material materials 40
coating coating
substrate.
Lifting: ning applicatio
of
.O an
ep subsequent coat.
th substrat
coat
el ef ct film,
50
an
esemblin
th
film s p ra y m o tt l
and pock-marking.
Pinholing: film of
applicatio
an drying er
60
Re idua
esce
ef
at du coatin material hich burst, giving is wetfilm film has set.
tack es
ai afilm of stage. tack-free
coatin
material which, although set,
Ropiness: 70
levelling
properties of th coating material ot sp ifical 80
NOTE
pain defe
painting pr ctic
subs/rate,
term
saponification
medium of afllm
by alkali
.g
films
film
Wrinkling, ev
rivelling: en
90
afilm of ce n.
coatin
material during drying. usuall
du \...
crinkling and finish.
R u . .. . &.
wuo
I C lI {I (o ,
· No m
PIO-2
II O'Ne ll
Ruane fT..
NOTES
c.
General hue lightness
and saturation.
10
Hue: c.. Lightness: -";::_-
".
20
" , -
.. value and reflectance
.
value.
',..
~-<--..._..".
Saturation: ..... ..,......__
.:fo
chroma and intensity
r s
40
he Mu sell system .... ",-.._. ....
~"~--..._,;
. :. .; . ~ , :: .! .
di ection of th ar ow
t-W"
. 'v : .· :; .
. " '. . ~
'i~).~;
t,~;.:.r
:•.... ~~
....
)!§.J8.Q9_ ~:
"'-i,.:i~,
I,~\ ,I-,
P a in t c o o u
60
\ . .'1
v.
F ra m w o k /o r ew
o r b u d in g p u p o e s c o o u c o o rd in a o n o r en
av
b u d in g p u p o e s establishes
70
\_.
requirements within relevant technica an economic constraints. ,' 11
90
l:.~..~'~~\.
}~~) .'"
•.....:.>
....
OR .....
r.....
O'Neil I lI /t I6 I9 6
PII-I
Ruane II O'Neil
SAFETY
NOTES I~
10
Scope
C he m c a
(,\A...
H ax a
I n o rm a o n a n
Pac ag ng
R eg u a t o n
1993
20
c, Commission
L
C
.. 30
t, ): "~
,:
:"
(.
_,':,
radioactivity. explosiv es deal it thes area
r'
or flammabl
properties of materials. high or lo el
temperatures
Responsibilities an
',C
es
e. 50
ar defect foun
ch
ay
in protective equipmen
ea
ea
es
....._
"'-,
70
-..__,
..
"""
The G u
No
EH
occupational exposure limits or substances hazardou T h e a cc up aN o na l e xp os ur e mi xy en an o c cu p at io n a e x po s ur e s ta nd ar d O E S ) h e e fo r t h OE m.
an limit
.. ''-. .........
'--giye in ............
" . , -
al
to health as
cc
40
mi
m)
e.g. th
80
hazard to health \_
.....
cu 1.
Ma mu
mi
ME
90
Commision."
Ruane lssu.10Z/01I'J6
O·N.m
P12-1
SAFETY NOTES
S af e wh
nd pp ve He C or nm is io n for that substance il r e a t o n t o h e s pe c f ie d r ef er en c period ul me ho p ro v by He S a fe t C o m m i si o n. '
Wh ME b u a lw ay s b e o w h e p e L on g e n e xp os ur e l im i a r ve ge ve an ou r e e re nc e p er io d S h or t t er m e xp os ur e i mi t a r t ak e o ve r 1 5 m in ut e r ef e e nc e p er io d
mu
r:;..
ed va ue
10
OE ke
uc
h e x po su r
OE
me oo
n ab l
mp
mi
OE
20
olvent Examples
it
orresponding OE 's (ppm)
Methanol
Alcohols
00
30
Ethers Esters
M e th y l a ce ta t E th y l a ce ta t I so b u ty l a c et at e
00 40 50
Ketones
Acetone M.E.K. M.I.B.K.
75 20 50
Hydrocarbons (Aromatic)
Xylene Toluene Benzene
10 50
Hydrocarbons (Aliphatic)
n-Octane Hexane W h it e s pi ri t
30 50 10
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
1,1,l-Trichloroethane Trichloroethylene C a r bo n t et ra c hl or id e M e th y l c hl or id e
350.0 100""
Water Nitromethane Nitrobenzene
nJ 10
40
50
60
Miscellaneous 70
aMEL. "Maximum M ax im u
h or t
xp r m x po su r
mi mi
50
p pm . ppm.
ao
Volatile organi
V O C c a m ea n v o a t l e o rg an i c om p ou nd s o r v ol at il e o rg a ni c c o nt en t
Vo
Or
ompounds
C om p
ma
V OC ' Un Ki
mo 90
we g a o n 4 .5 5
mf wh
me r e o f n du s r ia l
mi
me VO
1 .8 -2 .
As V OC ' kg of VOC
me
o a n g c on t n s 4 -
'-.:"
E nv i n m
Pr
on Ac of
92 go
ve
ur
ui
du
we mp
Ruane
SAFETY
'Neill
VO CO HH Re ~a us he ma uf ur m a e r a l w h c h m a b e d an ge ro u
NOTES
ma o f h e~ r r o~ u ~ I m in a m an u a c u nn g o p r a v e a n
wh os bl a pp l c a o r
1 ~_ .
lv 10
coatings. Mo
nt ma uf
re yl VS
yl me Ea
ys ms
20
ha
os
ul me
ur nt VO
pa h, wa
mu
h av e h e ma
va
ge
nd di
va
m e h av e o p xi
ge
10
VS mi
mi e x tr em e l
t ox ic .
Hi me l ik el y t o b e r es tr ic te d 30
od
Wat os
b or n c oa t n g ot nc
VO ar
n v r on me n di po of
r ie nd l a n b io de gr ad ab le , h er e o r n t n er s n d dg ut pl
ex ra water.
Wa mi
me
me o a
P ow d
W a e r b o n e e po x ar of re rr as ne g en er a o n o r t h r d g e n er a ti o n e p ox ie s .
.c
wi %.
mp me me
mi mu wd mu
we
mp
wo
wd ma
me mu
#")~.' ms
~;-":.ciY
50
60
~ ; ~ : ~ - ::(' ~:
(:-C)
..
.I
')
-"\
~'I'~\~~'f~
IC/">'
1\
•..
~ ~
.I
'.
70
~"
t.
"".'. 'l ,.".,,".
,•
-..
.,~. tif~'-:'
'-:.l-'
80 -'
(-~
Ru ....
O ·N .i J
/I Ruane 'N il
NOTES i .. ~ ,
It T h e a g re e d s p ec if ic a ti on i s o r h e c on t a c m a o n o f c om b in a ti o of more (if the following national/international specijicution(s) client speciflcationis job specificationis p r oc ed u r s p ec if ic a ti o n
10
c ar r e d o u
a cc or da nc e w i
h e p ec i c a o n
u pe rv i o r g iv e p er m s io n I.
do o; hi
s)
b e u nd er ta ke n
me b e written permission.
h ou l p re fe ra b
General: O b a i o r g ai n a cc es s
20
o r h e w or k
h e s pe ci f c a i on ts )
L e a r t h s p ec if ic a ti on ( s) . Ge Ge
k no w h e p er so n e l
E n su r a l c on ce rn e 30
.':.:
u nd er st an d t h s pe ci fi ca ti on . me
specification. Ma
..•.
'.:;tj ••
me
w r e n r ep or t a t a n a gr ee d r eq ue nc y
C on du c a nd /o r a tt en d s it e m e et in gs . C h ec k t h e nv ir on m en t
40
C h ec k t h e qu ip m en t C h ec k t h m a te ri al s C he c
h e p re v o u d ay s w or k
A gr e
h e a y w or k p ro gr am m e w i
h e c o r ac to r
e n o r p er so nn e
50
C h ec k t h e nv ir on m en t C h ec k t h e qu ip m en t C he c e ac h o pe ra to r
w or k
C h ec k t h s ta nd ar ds .
60
rk En ur
ha
y s e m m ee t
C he c
o r a n a pp li ca t o n
C he c
h e d ay s w or k
h e p ec i
a t o n b y c ar ry in g o u o r w i n e
ng es
au ts
5. 10
C o m p le t
r e po r ts .
On completi 80
Ma
wo
Wri
P r oc ed ur e s ho u b e s im p e , logical, clear, comprehensive b u c on c s e T h p ro ce du r s ho u b e u se fu l ir i ns tr uc ti o i n labour turnover siuuuion
of th jo
u mm ar y r ep or t
Inspection procedur 90
y, yi
wi wi me
Th
re
wh
w r t e p ro ce du r adequate.
\.
OR ...... TPO'NoiU !sou. 1(lI(NII'I6
PI3-!
.. ..
t)
/I RUane 'Neill
NI Pr
NOTES
ma
t.
ma
me m ea su r m en t a n p in ho l u er e o t wh gi ma on k no w e xa c w ha t r eq u r ed .
'.~'"
yo ma
wh mi h i case writte
pe DF ov d"
ay be
instructions
6" ~.
he
10
a pp r ~ a o n o f h e c on te n o f
PA NT NG
p a n t n g n sp e
o n p ro ce du r
N S PE C T O N P R O C E D U R
20
Approvals
2.
Equipment Each in pe to sh ll
40
foll wing
a.
Whirli hygromet an cale Surfac profil comparator Stee temperatur gaug or digita thermometer.
e.
Dr film hick es
oc ment No
5.
50
supplied with th
au
ty e)
07
assess conditio
a.
elec romagn ti
quip ent:
of su strate prio to tr at ent. ( l i
c. Relative hu idity, dew-point, ai te peratu
60
an
te
empe at re
e. f.
an
70
80
good pain inspecti
ractic
(.
Typica contractor malpractices T yp i
on ra or ma pr ct
w h c h h e n sp e o r h ou l
Us p ai n o r s af et y c on si de ra ti on s
b e w ar e o f r e
ma e .g . u ns af e s ca ff ol di ng .
90
mp c on tr ac t e tc . . f og . m i Rua". Issue:
O'Nril IQI06IIJ6
et
ma
nt mi
pm
ol ow
'I
