1
UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE COTOPAXI UNIDAD ACADÉMICA DE CIENCIAS DE LA INGENIERÍA Y APLICADAS INGENIERÍA ELECTROMECÁNICA Integrantes: BETÚN EDWIN CUMBA BYRON GUACAPI GUACAPIÑA ÑA BRYAN BRYAN HÉCTOR CANDO HUERT HUERTA A JOSUÉ MUÑOZ LUÍS PACHACAMA PACHACAMA ISRAEL I SRAEL
TEMA: CONEXIONES DE GENERADORES EN PARALELO, CONDICIONES DE SINCRONISMO
CICLO: FECA:
QUINTO “B” !"NO#IEMBRE"$!%
LATACUNGA & ECUADOR
2
Res!"en E' () *+(('-( .'/0+1( '00-+0 2010 (-34.5'-( 45+(10 5 20'02(+ 3'5 51*).5 6515 -(7-35) 08+( )5 20'(7.9' 4( 6('(+540+( (' *5+5)()0, : )5 20'4.2.0'( 4( .'2+0'.10; C010 )5 *5+-( 1< .1*0+-5'-( =3( ( 580+45+5 (' () *+(('-( 40231('-0 (+< 4( (7*).25+ 4( /0+15 2)5+5 )5 .1*0+-5'2.5 =3( -.('( )5 *3(-5 (' *5+5)()0 4( )0 5)-(+'540+(, 3 >('-5?5, : 4(> 4(>(' ('-5 -5?5 ?5 4( )0 )0 1.1 1.10 0,, 23.4 23.454 540 0 =3( =3( ( 4(8( 4(8( -('( -('(+, +, 54(1 54(1< < 3 3 5*). 5*).25 252. 2.0' 0'( ( (' )5 .'43-+.5 .'43-+.5,, =3( *+0-(2 *+0-(22.0 2.0'( '( ( 4(8(' 4(8(' -015+ -015+,, 3 *+.'2. *+.'2.*.0 *.0 4( /3'2.0 /3'2.0'51 '51.(' .('-0, -0, 4.(@0 4.(@0 : : (=3(15;
Intr#$!%%&'n D(8(10 -('(+ *+(('-( =3( )0 6('(+540+( '2+0'0 '0 ( 3-.).5' (' 520*)51.('-0 (' (+.( *0+ *+(('-5+ *020 .'-(+ .'-(+ *+<2-.20 *+<2-.20 *0+=3( '0 ( )0 *04+5 520*)5+ /<2.)1('-( .' -('(+ =3( 5*565+ -040 () .-(15 .-(15 : : 54(1< *0+=3( () /3'2.0'51.('-0 ( .'(-58)(; E' (-( -(15 4( .'/0+152.9' .'/0+152.9',, 9)0 '0 +(/(+.+(10 + (/(+.+(10 5) 520*)51.('-0 (' *5+5)()0; E) 520*)51.('-0 4( )0 5)-(+'540+( +(3)-5 1< 201*)(?0 =3( () 4( )5 4'510, 4(8.40 5 )5 *+(('2.5 4( 3'5 '3(>5 25+52-(+-.25, )5 /+(23('2.5, 23:0 >5)0+ >5)0+ 4(8( 4(8( (+ (>(+51('-( .635) *5+5 -040 )0 5)-(+'540+( 5)-(+'540+( :5 =3( =3( . '0 ( 45 (-0 *+0432.+< 3' 45@0 45@0 (' (' )5 1<=3.'5; E' )5 52-35).454 ( +5+0 ('20'-+5+ )5 (7.-('2.5 4( 3' 5)-(+'540+ '.20 =3( 4( 15'(+5 5.)545 5).1('-( 3 *+0*.5 25+65; E-0 9)0 ( )0 *3(4( ('20'-+5+ (' 5*).252.0'( -5)( 2010 )0 6('(+540+( 4( (1(+6('2.5; C0' 08?(-0 4( 1(?0+5+ () *5+<1(-+0 4( +('4.1.('-0 : /.58.).454 4() .-(15, )5 4./(+('-( 2('-+5)(
(-<'
20'(2-545
('-+(
('
*5+5)()0,
*0+
1(4.0
4(
)'(5
4( -+5'*0+-( : 4.-+.832.9' 4.-+.832.9';; L5 +(4 +(4 5 5 20'-.-3.45 +(*+(('-5 3' 6('(+540+ 6.65'-(20 (' () =3( *+<2-.251('-( )5 -('.9' : )5 /+(23('2.5 ( 15'-.('(' 20'-5'-(; E-0 ( 4(8( 5 =3( 08+(
3
(-5 6+5' +(4 85++5 .'/.'.-5F, )5 .'-+04322.9' 4( 3' '3(>0 6('(+540+ '0 5)-(+5 )0 *5+<1(-+0 8<.20 5'-(+.0+(, *0+ +(*+(('-5+ 3'5 *0-('2.5 13: +(432.45 /+('-( 5) 20'?3'-0 -0-5);
O()et&*# genera+: C0'02(+ 4( 3'5 /0+15 2)5+5 )0 5*(2-0 -2'.20 1< .1*0+-5'-( 08+( )5 20'(7.9' 4( )0 6('(+540+( (' *5+5)()0 3 20'4.2.0'( 4( .'2+0'.10, 3 >('-5?5 4(>('-5?5 : 5*).252.0'( (' )5 .'43-+.5, (' () *+(('-( .2)0 :5 =3( ( 4( '3(-+0 .'-(+ *5+5 '00-+0 2010 (-34.5'-( (' )5 25++(+5 4( .'6('.(+5 ()(2-+01(2<'.25;
O()et&*#s es,e%-.&%#s: C0'02(+ )5 15'(+5 20++(2-5 4( 520*)5+ )0 5)-(+'540+(, -('.('40 13: (' 23('-5 )5 /+(23('2.5 :5 =3( (-5 4(8( (+ .635) *5+5 (>.-5+ 45@0 5 )5 1<=3.'5; C0'02(+ )5 40 20'4.2.0'( /3'451('-5)( *5+5 *04(+ 20'(2-5+ 3' 6('(+540+ '2+0'0 (' *5+5)()0; S58(+ 23<)( 0' )5 20'4.2.0'( *5+5 =3( ( *3(45 ))(>5+ 52580 4( )5 1(?0+ 15'(+5 3' 520*)51.('-0 (' *5+5)()0 4( 6('(+540+( (' .'2+0'.10;
CONEXI/N DE GENERADORES SINCRONOS EN PARALELO E) 6('(+540+ '2+0'0 -518.' 20'02.40 2010 5)-(+'540+F, ( 3'5 1<=3.'5 ()2-+.25 +0-5-0+.5 =3( -+5'/0+15 ('(+65 1(2<'.25 (' ()2-+.25; L5 +59' *0+ )5 =3( ( '2+0'0 ( *0+=3( 6.+5 5 )5 >()02.454 4() 251*0 156'-.20, *0+ )0 =3( )5 /+(23('2.5 ()2-+.25 : )5 /+(23('2.5 5'63)5+ 0' .635)(; C0' () 08?(-.>0 4( 531('-5+ () +('4.1.('-0 : )5 /.58.).454 4( .-(15, )5 4./(+('-( 2('-+5)( (-<' 20'(2-545 ('-+( (' *5+5)()0, *0+ 1(4.0 4( )'(5 4( -+5'*0+-( : 4.-+.832.9'; L5 +(4
4
5 20'-.-3.45 +(*+(('-5 3' 6('(+540+ 6.65'-(20 (' () =3( *+<2-.251('-( )5 -('.9' : )5 /+(23('2.5 ( 15'-.('(' 20'-5'-(;
.6; C0'(7.9' (' *5+5)()0 4( 6('(+540+( '2+0'0
E+ ,#r0!1 $e +a !t&+&2a%&'n $e +#s genera$#res s-n%r#n#s en ,ara+e+# -
#5+.0 6('(+540+( *3(4(' 5).1('-5+ 3'5 25+65 1< 6+5'4( =3( 3'5 0)5 1<=3.'5; I'2+(1('-5 )5 20'/.58.).454 4() .-(15 4( *0-('2.5, 4(8.40 5 =3( )5 /5))5 4( 235)=3.(+5
-
4( ())0 '0 2535 )5 *+4.45 -0-5) 4( *0-('2.5 (' )5 25+65; P(+1.-( +(-.+5+ 3'0 0 >5+.0 4( ())0 *5+5 (/(2-35+ 15'-('.1.('-0 *+(>('-.>0; A 1(4.45 =3( .'2+(1('-5' )5 '(2(.454( 4( 25+65, ( +(=3.(+( 6('(+5+ 1< ('(+65 ()2-+.25 : )5 /0+15 (' =3( ( *3(4( .+ .'2+(1('-5'40 )5 6('(+52.9' ( 20'(2-5+ 1<
-
6('(+540+( '2+0'0 (' *5+5)()0; E' )0 6('(+540+( '2+0'0 '0 ( 3'5 '3'25 () 520*)51.('-0 (' (+.(, *0+ '0 *+(('-5+ .'-(+ *+<2-.20 : 54(1< *0+ (+ .'(-58)( : *().6+00;
Re0!&s&t#s ,ara 0!e !n genera$#r s-n%r#n# ,!e$a %#ne%tarse en ,ara+e+#3 P5+5 20'(2-5+ 6('(+540+( (' *5+5)()0 ( '(2(5+.0 -('(+ 13: (' 23('-5 5)63'0 5*(2-0 *5+5 () 20++(2-0 /3'2.0'51.('-0 : 4( (-5 15'(+5 (>.-5+ 235)=3.(+ -.*0 4( *+08)(15 2010, )0 6('(+540+( ( 45@(' (>(+51('-( : =3( )5 25+65 *.(+45 *0-('2.5; -
L5 -('.0'( RMS 4( )'(5 4( )0 40 6('(+540+( 4(8(' (+ .635)(; L0 40 6('(+540+( 4(8(+ -('(+ )5 1.15 (23('2.5 4( /5( L0 <'63)0 4( /5( 4( )5 40 /5( 019)065 4(8(' (+ .635)(; L5 /+(23('2.5 4() '3(>0 6('(+540+, 4(8( (+ ).6(+51('-( 15:0+ =3( )5 /+(23('2.5 4() .-(15 4( 0*(+52.9';
5
E7.-(' $ 20'4.2.0'( ; I635) (23('2.5 4( /5( (' )0 >0)-5?( 4( 6('(+52.9' “L0 >0)-5?( (' )5 /5( 5 : 5K (+<' 201*)(-51('-( .4'-.20 (' -040 101('-0 . 5185 156'.-34( : 3 <'63)0 0' .635)(;” R(4+0><'F
.6; $ E=3(15 4( (23('2.5 4( /5(
$; Q3( )5 >()02.454 4() 6('(+540+ ('-+5'-( 20++(*0'45 (752-51('-( 20' )5 /+(23('2.5 4() .-(15 5) =3( ( >5 5 20'(2-5+; E' () .'-5'-( 4( 20'(2-5+ )5 /+(23('2.5 5185 '0 *3(4(' (+ .635)(, :5 =3( '0 *04+5 >(+( () .'-5'-( 4( 20++(*0'4('2.5 4( /5( (' 3 -(+1.'5)( 20'(2-545 '0 (7.-5 4./(+('2.5 4( *0-('2.5)F, )5 /+(23('2.5 4() 6('(+540+ ('-+5'-( 4(8( (+ ).6(+51('-( 15:0+ " 4( 2.2)0 5*+07.1540F, *5+5 =3( (' () .'-5'-( =3( ( 20'(2-( (1*.(2( 5 15'(?5+ *5+-( 4( )5 *0-('2.5 52-.>5 : :5 20'(2-540 ('-0'2( , )5 /+(23('2.5 ( .635)5';
Pr#%e$&"&ent# genera+ ,ara %#ne%tar genera$#r en ,ara+e+# ; P0'(+ (' /3'2.0'51.('-0 () 6('(+540+ 5 20'(2-5+
6
C0' )5 5:345 4( >0)-1(-+0 ( 4(8( 5?3-5+ )5 20++.('-( 4( 251*0 4() 6('(+540+ (' 5*+07.152.9' 5-5 =3( 3 >0)-5?( (' )0 -(+1.'5)( (5 .635) 5) >0)-5?( (' )'(5 4() .-(15 4( 0*(+52.9'; $; S(23('2.5 4( 5( L5 (23('2.5 4( /5( 4() 6('(+540+ (' 5*+07.152.9' ( 4(8( 201*5+5+ 20' )5 (23('2.5 4( /5( 4() .-(15 (' 0*(+52.9'; E7.-(' 1325 /0+15 4( 201*+085+ (-0 -
C0'(2-5+ 5)-(+'5-.>51('-( 3' *(=3(@0 10-0+ 4( .'4322.9' 5 )0 -(+1.'5)( 4( 2545 3'0 4( )0 40 6('(+540+(; S. () 10-0+ 6.+5 (' )5 1.15 4.+(22.9' (' 5185 025.0'(, ('-0'2(, ('-0'2( )5 (23('2.5 4( /5( ( )5 1.15 (' 5180 6('(+540+(; S. () 10-0+ 6.+5 (' 4.+(22.0'( 0*3(-5, ('-0'2( )5 (23('2.5 4( /5( 0' 4./(+('-(
-
: ( 4(8(' .'>(+-.+ 40 4( )0 20'432-0+( 4() 6('(+540+ (' 5*+07.152.9'; O-+5 15'(+5 4( 201*+085+ )5 (23('2.5 4( /5( ( () 1-040 4( )5 -+( )<1*5+5, 20' (-( 1-040 ( -.('4(' -+( )<1*5+5 ('-+( )0 -(+1.'5)( 58.(+-0 4() .'-(++3*-0+, 20'(2-5'40 () 6('(+540+ 5) .-(15; A 1(4.45 =3( 2518.5' )5 /5( ('-+( )0 40 .-(15, )0 8018.))0 8+.))5' 5) 201.('0 4./(+('2.5 6+5'4( 4( /5(F : )3(60 ( 0*525' 4./(+('2.5 *(=3(@5 4( /5(F S. -045 )0 -+( )<1*5+5 ( .)31.'5' : 5*565' 5) 1.10 -.(1*0, ('-0'2( () .-(15 -.('( )5 1.15 (23('2.5 4( /5(; S. )0 8018.))0 ( ('2.('4(' 32(.>51('-(, ('-0'2( )0 .-(15 -.('(' )5 (23('2.5 4( /5( 20'-+5+.5 : 4(8(+< .'>(+-.+( 3'5 4( ())5;
.6; M-040 4( )5 -+( )<1*5+5 *5+5 201*+085+ (23('2.5 4( /5(;
7
-
O-+5 15'(+5 .1*)( ( () 1-040 4( )5 -+( )<1*5+5 .'25'4(2('-(; L5 0*(+52.9' 201.('5 5++5'25'40 )5 1<=3.'5 *0+ 1(4.0 4() 10-0+ *+.15+.0 -3+8.'5, 4.(), (-2;F
-('.('40 (' 23('-5 =3( 4(8(' *+('4(+ : 5*565+ 5) 1.10 -.(1*0 )5 -+( )<1*5+5; ; S.'2+0'.52.9' 4( )0 6('(+540+(, E-( *3'-0 ( () 4( 15:0+ .1*0+-5'2.5 235'-0 ( -+5-5 4( 6('(+540+( (' *5+5)()0, ( *0+ (0 =3( ( 5'-( 4( *0'(+ (' /3'2.0'51.('-0 )0 40 0 1< 6('(+540+( 4(8(10 52(+ 5)63'5 *+3(85 *5+5 5(63+5+'0 4( 3 20++(2-5 .'2+0'5; ; M-040 “L<1*5+5 4( /5( 5*56545” S( 20'(2-5' )5 )<1*5+5 ('-+( UUK, ##K, WWK )5 4./(+('2.5 4( *0-('2.5 ('-+( )5 )<1*5+5, '0 .'4.25 . ( 231*)( )5 20'4.2.0'(, ( 4(2.+ 235'40 )5 )<1*5+5 (-<' 5*56545 ( >(+./.25' )5 20'4.2.0'(;
.6; M-040 4( )<1*5+5 4( /5( 5*56545 ;$ M-040 “L32( +0-5'-( 0 ('2('4.45” L5 4./(+('2.5 4( *0-('2.5) ('-+( )<1*5+5 >5+5' (' 1943)0 . )5 >()02.454( 4( +0-52.9' 0' 4./(+('-(; C35'40 (-<' (' .'2+0'.10 )5 )<1*5+5 UUK (-< 5*56545 : )5 0-+5 40 8+.))5' .635)1('-(, 4( '0 023++.+ (-0 ( >( () ('2('4.40 5)-(+'5-.>51('-( (' 3' ('-.40 3 0-+0 2010 6.+5(', .'4.25'40 =3( )5 1<=3.'5 >5 1< )('-5 0 1< +<*.45; U'5 >( 231*).45 )5 20'4.2.0'( ( *3(4( 4(2.+ =3( )5 1<=3.'5 (-<' (' .'2+0'5;
8
; U0 4( 3' S.'2+0'020*.0 “E) S.'2+0'020*.0 ( 3' .'-+31('-0 =3( .+>( *5+5 1(4.+ )5 4./(+('2.5 4( <'63)0 4( /5( ('-+( )5 /5( “A” 4( )0 40 .-(15; S. () 6('(+540+ 0 () .-(15 ('-+5'-( ( 1< +<*.40 =3( () .-(15 (' /3'2.0'51.('-0, ('-0'2( () <'63)0 4( /5( 5>5'5 : )5 563?5 4() S.'2+0'020*.0 6.+5 (' () ('-.40 4( )0 *3'-(+0 4( +()0?;” M0).'5F C35'40 )5 563?5 6.+5 (' () ('-.40 4() +()0?; C35'40 )5 563?5 4() .'2+0'020*.0 ( 20)025 (' *0.2.9' >(+-.25), )0 >0)-5?( (-<' (' /5( : () .'-(++3*-0+ ( *3(4( 2(++5+ *5+5 =3( =3(4(' 20'(2-540 )0 .-(15; #(+ /.63+5
.6; S.'2+0'020*.0
C0'2)3.0'( -
L0 6('(+540+( '2+0'0 *3(4( (+ 0*(+540 20'(2-540 5 25+65 .'4.>.435)( 0 (' *5+5)()0 20' 0-+0 6('(+540+(, 2010 *5+-( 4( 3'5 +(4 .'-(+20'(2-545 4( 6+5'
*0-('2.5; - S0)0 *3(4(' 0*(+5' (' *5+5)()0, :5 =3( 0' 1< (-58)(; - L0 6('(+540+( ( 0*(+5' (' *5+5)()0 *5+5 1(?0+5+ )5 (20'015 (' 235'-0 5 20183-.8)( 3-.).540 : )5 20'/.58.).454 4() 31.'.-+0 4( ('(+65;
9
-
L5 (20'015 ( 1(?0+5 5) 4(-(+1.'5+ 3' '1(+0 1'.10 4( 6('(+540+( 0*(+5'40 ('
*5+5)()0 =3( 0' 3/.2.('-( *5+5 31.'.-+5+)5 25+65 (' 235)=3.(+ 101('-0 4540; - L5 *0-('2.5 52-.>5 : +(52-.>5 4() 6('(+540+ (('2.5)1('-( (-<' 4(-(+1.'545 *0+ )5
-
25+65 4() 1.10; E-5 1<=3.'5 /3'2.0'5 5).1('-5'40 () +0-0+ 0 2.+23.-0 4( 251*0 20' 3'5 85-(+5 C;D; : 5) (-5-0+ 0 5+1543+5 )5 20++.('-( ( 5)-(+'5; A;C
CONDICIONES PARA ACOPLAMIENTO EN PARALELO DE GENERADORES SINCRONI4ACI/N T5) 2010 ( .'4.25 5'-(+.0+1('-( )5 .'2+0'.52.9' ( *0'(+ (' *5+5)()0 40 /3('-(, 3'0 0 >5+.0 6('(+540+( : () 83 .'/.'.-0; C35'40 3' 6('(+540+ ( *0'( (' *5+5)()0 20' 0-+0 6('(+540+ 0 20' 3' .-(15 6+5'4( 83 .'/.'.-0F, 4(8(10 -('(+ )5 .63.('-( .-352.0'( 5F #0)-5?( .635)(; 8F M.15 /+(23('2.5; 2F I635) (23('2.5 4( /5(; 4F I4'-.25 /5(; E' )5 *)5'-5 6('(+540+5, () 231*).1.('-0 4( (-5 20'4.2.0'( ( >(+./.2545 *0+ () 5*5+5-0 ))51540 .'2+0'020*.0, 53'=3( *04(10 +(5).5+ )5 .'2+0'.52.9' 20' )<1*5+5, 1(4.5'-( () .63.('-( (=3(15;
10
.63+5 N ; D.56+515 (=3(1<-.20 *5+5 )5 .'2+0'.52.9' 4( 3' 6('(+540+ 20' () 83 .'/.'.-0; A=3 )5 )<1*5+5 '0 .'4.25' =3( (-< 32(4.('40 (' -040 101('-0 20' )5 20'4.2.0'( 4( .'2+0'.52.9'; L5 1<=3.'5 *+.15 *3(4( (+ 3'5 1<=3.'5 “C0'2(*-0 B3 I'/.'.-0 E) 83 .'/.'.-0 ( 3'5 .4(5).52.9' 4( 3' .-(15 4( *0-('2.5, () 235) ( -5' 6+5'4( =3( (' ) '0 >5+5' '. () >0)-5?( '. )5 /+(23('2.5, .('40 .'15-(+.5) )5 156'.-34 4( )5 *0-('2.5 52-.>5 0 +(52-.>5 =3( ( -015' 0 31.'.-+5' 5 ); )5 235) 5 4( 5?3-5+( *5+5 =3( )5 /+(23('2.5 4() 6('(+540+ : )5 4() 83 .'/.'.-0, (5' .635)(; L5 20++.('-( I/ ( 5?3-5 4( 15'(+5 =3( # (5 .635) 5 #$;” M0).'5F E=3(15 2)<.20 4( )5 .'2+0'.52.9' U'5 5*+07.152.9' 5 )5 .'2+0'.52.9' 2)<.25 ( 13(-+5 (' )5 .63+5 ;$, .('40 () 0*(+540+ =3.(' *3(4( ()(22.0'5+ . () 1040 4( /3'2.0'51.('-0 (+< 53-01<-.20 0 15'35), *(+0 . () 1040 4( .'2+0'.52.9' ( 53-01<-.20 () 0*(+540+ :5 '0 .'4.*('58)( (' () 1040 4( 0*(+52.9' 15'35), () 0*(+540+ ( =3.(' -015 )5 4(2..9' 4( 2(++5+ 3' .'-(++3*-0+, (' 250 4( (++0+ 3 '.20 +(*5)40 (+< () +() 4( *+0-(22.9' 4( .'2+0'.52.9' =3( *0+ )0 6('(+5) ( ()(2-+01(2<'.20, 4(5/0+-3'5451('-( 4(*3 3'5 (+.( 4( *+3(85 4( 0*(+52.9' ( 5 10-+540 5 )0 .'2+0'.540+( 53-01<-.20 2010 *020
11
20'/.58)( 5 /5>0+ 4( )5 0*(+52.9' 15'35) 235'40 )5 15:0+ *5+-( 4( )0 2.(++( /3(+5 4( .'2+0'5 023++(', ( *0+ ())0 =3( )5 '.25 *+0-(22.9' 20'-+5 3'5 25-<-+0/( 1.))0'5+.5 ( () +()(( 4( 3*(+>..9' 4( .'2+0'5;
.63+5 N ;$ E=3(15 2)<.20 4( .'2+0'.52.9';
CASOS DE SINCRONI4ACI/N3 P+(('-5+(10 5 20'-.'352.9' >5+.5 .-352.0'( 4( .'2+0'.52.9' 2013'( (' )5 =3( ( *34.(( ('20'-+5+ 3' 0*(+5+.0 5) -+5-5+ 4( .'2+0'.5+ 3' 6('(+540+ 20' () 83 .'/.'.-0; S( .'4.25 *+.1(+0 5 )0 >0)-5?( 4( (-5 /0+15 • • •
EA, EB, EC #0)-5?( 4() 83 .'/.'.-0; E5, E8, E2 #0)-5?( 4() 6('(+540+ .'2+9'.20; EA5, EB8, EC2 #0)-5?( 5*).2540 5 )5 )<1*5+5 4( .'2+0'.52.9';
L5 156'.-34 4( -0 +(*+(('-5 () 8+.))0 4( )5 )<1*5+5F;
12
V#+ta)es $&.erentes5 ,er# .re%!en%&a 6 se%!en%&a &g!a+es3
.63+5 N ; C50 I A'-( (-5 20'4.2.9', )5 )<1*5+5 -('4+<' 3' 8+.))0 20'-5'-( ( .635) *5+5 -045; P5+5 20++(6.+ (-0, 85-5 20' 5?3-5+ I/ 5-5 =3( () 8+.))0 4( )5 )<1*5+5 (5 '3)0, ( 4(2.+, ##$; L3(60 ('-0'2( *04+(10 2(++5+ )0 .'-(++3*-0+( *5+5 20'2)3.+ )5 .'2+0'.52.9';
Fre%!en%&as $&.erentes5 *#+ta)es 6 se%!en%&a &g!a+es3
13
.63+5 N ; C50 II
P5+5 (-( 250, )5 )<1*5+5 -('4+<' 3' 8+.))0 /)32-35'-(, *(+0 .635) *5+5 -045; L5 )<1*5+5 ('2('4(+<' : 5*565+<' 5 )5 /+(23('2.5 R; E-( 250 023++( *0+=3( )5 /+(23('2.5 4( )5 1<=3.'5 *+.15 ( 4./(+('-( 5 )5 4() 83; A =3( *5+5 20++(6.+ )5 .'2+0'.52.9', 4(8(10 >5+.5+ )5 >()02.454 4( )5 /)(25 4( )5 1<=3.'5 *+.15, *(+0 4(8(10 5?3-5+ I/ *5+5 15'-('(+ )0 >0)-5?( .635)(, *0+=3( () >0)-5?( E5/ 4(*('4( 4( )5 /+(23('2.5 C35'40 ( 52(' (-5 20++(22.0'(, )5 /+(23('2.5 4() 8+.))0 4( )5 )<1*5+5 ( +(432(, 5 =3( 235'40 )5 .'-('.454 4( )5 )3 4( )0 /020 2+32( )('-51('-( *0+ 2(+0, 2(++510 )0 .'-(++3*-0+( : ).-0; N0 4(8(10 (*(+5+ =3( )5 /+(23('2.5 ( .635)(' (752-51('-( *0+=3( ( 25. .1*0.8)(, 5 =3( *04(10 (*(+5+ 5 =3( ( 5*+07.1(' )0 3/.2.('-( *5+5 23)1.'5+ )5 .'2+0'.52.9';
Se%!en%&a $e .ase &n%#rre%ta3
14
.63+5 N ; C50 III
A'-( (-( 250 )5 )<1*5+5 -('4+<' 3' 8+.))0 4./(+('-( 2545 3'5 4(8.40 5 )5 .'>(+.9' 4( /5(; P5+5 20++(6.+ (-0, 85-5 20' 9)0 2518.5+ 40 258)( ('-+( *5+5 =3( )5 (23('2.5 (5 20++(2-5; A&B, B&C, C&AF;
Fase n# es &g!a+5 *#+ta)e5 .re%!en%&a5 se%!en%&a $e .ase5 &$1nt&%as3
.63+5 N ;% C50 I#
15
A=3 )5 )<1*5+5 ( ('2('4(+<' : 5*565+<' 20' )5 1.15 .'-('.454 -045 5 )5 /+(23('2.5, *0+ )0 =3( *5+5 () 0?0 315'0 -('4+<' 3' 8+.))0 20'-5'-(;” A854 T0++( G+(/5 A63.'45F S9)0 85-5 5)-(+5+ )(>(1('-( )5 >()02.454 4( )5 1<=3.'5 .'2+9'.25, *5+5 5?3-5+ )5 /5(; C35'40 )5 .'-('.454 4( )5 )<1*5+5 (5 2(+0, 2(++510 )0 .'-(++3*-0+(; L0 250 5'-(+.0+( 0' 3' -5'-0 .4(5).540, *(+0 )0 250 +(5)( 0' *0+ )0 6('(+5), 2018.'52.0'( 4( ())0; E) 0*(+540+ 4(8( 58(+ .4('-./.25+)0 : 4(-(+1.'5+ () *+02(0 *5+5 20++(6.+ )5 .'2+0'.52.9'; N9-(( =3( )5 )<1*5+5 4(8(' -('(+ 25*52.454 *5+5 () 408)( 4( >0)-5?( 4( )5 )'(5, *0+=3( (' 5)63'0 250 ( -('4+<' 5*).2540 (-0 >0)-5?( 5 )0 /020;
CONCEPTO DE 7US INFINITO L0 6('(+540+( .'2+9'.20 ( 35' (' 13: +5+5 025.0'( *5+5 5).1('-5+ 25+65 .'4.>.435)(; E))0 201'1('-( ( 20'(2-5' 5 3' .-(15 4( *0-('2.5 20'02.40 2010 B3 I'/.'.-0 (' 0-+5 ).-(+5-3+5 B5++5?( I'/.'.-0F; “E) 83 .'/.'.-0 ( 3'5 .4(5).52.9' 4( 3' .-(15 4( *0-('2.5, () 235) ( -5' 6+5'4( =3( (' ) '0 >5+5' '. () >0)-5?( '. )5 /+(23('2.5, .('40 .'15-(+.5) )5 156'.-34 4( )5 *0-('2.5 52-.>5 0 +(52-.>5 =3( ( -015' 0 31.'.-+5' 5 ); P3(4( *('5+( (' () 83 .'/.'.-0 2010 3'5 *(+ 1<=3.'5 (=3.>5)('-( 4( 4.1('.0'( 4(2013'5)(, =3( '545 =3( ( 565 08+( ) *3(4( 2535+)( 1320 (/(2-0;” M0'06+5/.5 A4+.5' C+.0))0FF
16
.63+5 N ; B3 I'/.'.-0 L5 .63+5 ; 13(-+5 -518.' 2010 )5 25+65 ( 20'(2-5' 5) 83 .'/.'.-0 *5+5 08-('(+ *0-('2.5; L5 -+5'1..9' 4( *0-('2.5 ( 52( '0+15)1('-( (' 5)-0 >0)-5?(, *5+5 +(432.+ *+4.45 .' (185+60 )5 6('(+52.9' ( +(5).5 5 1('0+( >0)-5?( !&! #F 35'40 -+5'/0+1540+( *5+5 2518.5+ )0 '.>()( 4( >0)-5?(; E' )5 *)5'-5 6('(+540+5, )0 6('(+540+( .'2+9'.20 0' 20'(2-540 : 4(20'(2-540, 4(*('4.('40 4( )5 4(15'45 4( ('(+65 (' () 83 .'/.'.-0 )5 0*(+52.9' 4( 20'(2-5+ 3' 6('(+540+ .'2+9'.20 5) 83 .'/.'.-0 ( 20'02.45 2010 .'2+0'.52.9' 20' () 83 .'/.'.-0;
SINCRONI4ACI/N DE GENERADORES EN PARALELO3 P5+5 *04(+ 20'(2-5+ (' *5+5)()0 40 6('(+540+( -+./<.20 4(8(' 231*).+ 20' )0 2+.-(+.0 4( (23('2.5 4( /5( (-58)(2( =3( )5 (23('2.5 4( /5( 4() 6('(+540+ =3( >5 ('-+5+ 4(8( (+ )5 1.15 =3( 4( )5 85++5 4( 4.-+.832.9' 0 4( )0 6('(+540+( (7.-('-(; P5+5 3' 6('(+540+ -+./<.20 (7.-(' 40 *0.8.).454( 4( (23('2.5 4( /5( *0+ )5 .1*)( +59' =3( 0)0 5: 40 *0.8)( 4.+(22.0'( 4( 6.+0 (' )0 235)( )0 *0)0 *55' *0+ 4()5'-( 4( )0 4(>5'540 4( 5+1543+5;
17
S. *5+5 20'(2-5+ (' *5+5)()0 )0 6('(+540+( ( 4(8( >(+./.25+ () ('-.40 4( 6.+0 4() 6('(+540+ (7.-('-(, : 52(+ 6.+5+ () 0-+0 6('(+540+ (' ('-.40 20'-+5+.0 5) 0-+0;
M1t#$# $e L8",aras A,aga$as3 “S. )0 >0)-5?( (/(2-.>0 4( /5( : 4( )'(5 4( )5 1<=3.'5 =3( >5' 5 ('-+5' (' *5+5)()0 0' .4'-.20, : 53'=3( )5 /+(23('2.5 4( )0 5)-(+'540+( (5 .4'-.25, )0 /020 *3(4(' 0 '0 (-5+ 5*56540; H5: 3'5 *0.8.).454 13: *(=3( =3( )0 >0)-5?( -.('45' 5 A15++5( (' *0.2.9' (752-5 /5(&/5(;” E)(2-+.2.454F A )0 /020 *(+15'(2(+<' 20'-5'-(1('-( 5 3'5 4(-(+1.'5 )31.'0.454 ())0 .'4.25 =3( )5 1<=3.'5 =3( ('-+5 : )5 =3( (-< -+585?5'40 -.('(' )5 1.15 /+(23('2.5, *(+0 ( *+(('-5 3' 4./(+('2.5 4( >0)-5?( 4(8.40 5 3' 4(*)551.('-0 /.?0 4( /5( ('-+( )5 3(+5 E)(2-+0 M0-+. EM; I'432.45 4( )0 5)-(+'540+(; #(+./.25'40 20' 3' >0)-1(-+0, (+< '(2(5+.0 52()(+5+ 0 /+('5+ ).6(+51('-( () 5)-(+'540+ =3( >5 5 ('-+5+ *5+5 ('20'-+5+ () 101('-0 1< (752-0 4( 2(++5+ () .'-(++3*-0+ 4( .'2+0'.52.9'; E 4(2.+ 235'40 -040 )0 /020 (-' 5*56540, :5 =3( *5+*54(5' 5) 3'0'0; S. )0 /020 '0 *5+*54(5' 5) 3'0'0 ( =3( ( =3( )5 /5( '0 (-<' 20'(2-545 20++(2-5 5) .'-(++3*-0+ 0 8.(' )5 (23('2.5 4( /5( ( .'20++(2-5; S. .'>(+-.10 40 20'432-0+( 235)(=3.(+5 : ( 20++.6( (-5 4./.23)-54;
18
.63+5 N ;V M-040 4( (23('2.52.9' 4( )<1*5+5 5*56545
M1t#$# $e L8",aras En%en$&$as3 P5+5 *04(+ 20'(2-5+ 40 6('(+540+ (' *5+5)()0 *0+ 1(4.0 4( (-( 1-040 4(8( 231*).+ 20' )0 1.10 +(=3(+.1.('-0 4( (23('2.5 4( /5( : +(5).5+ () 1.10 *+02(4.1.('-0 =3( () 1-040 4( )<1*5+5 5*56545; E) .'-5'-( 4( .'2+0'.52.9' ( 235'40 () 8+.))0 1<7.10 4( )5 )<1*5+5;
.63+5 N ; M-040 4( (23('2.52.9' 4( )<1*5+5 ('2('4.45
M1t#$# $e L8",aras G&rat#r&as3 E-( ( 3' -(+2(+ 1-040 4( .'2+0'.52.9' (' () 235) )5 )<1*5+5 *5+*54(5' : 5: 40 ('2('4.45 : 3'5 5*56545, 4(*3 40 5*56540 : 3'5 ('2('4.45 : 5 32(.>51('-(;
19
P5+5 2(++5+ () .'-(++3*-0+ 4( .'2+0'.52.9' ( 235'40 )5 40 )<1*5+5 4( )0 (7-+(10 (-<' ('2('4.45 : )5 )<1*5+5 4() 2('-+0 (-< 5*56545; L5 >('-5?5 4( (-( 1-040 +(.4( (' =3( *(+1.-( )5 .'2+0'.52.9' (' -+1.'0 -5'-0 4( 8+.))0 1<7.10 : 1'.10;
.63+5 N ;! M-040 4( (23('2.52.9' 4( )<1*5+5 6.+5-0+.5
SINCRONOSCOPIO3 E) .'2+0'020*.0 ( 3' 4.*0.-.>0 537.).5+, =3( ( 3-.).5 *5+5 20'(2-5+ 5)-(+'540+( '2+0'0 4( 2;5; (' *5+5)()0, (-( /3'2.0'5 4( 523(+40 5 )0 4(/551.('-0 (' <'63)0 ()2-+.20, *0+ () 235) 235'40 )0 40 5)-(+'540+( 0 235'40 ( =3.(+( 20'(2-5+ 3' 5)-(+'540+ 5) .-(15 (-0 4(8(+<' (-5+ .'2+0'.540 0 (5 ( ('23('-+5' (' .'2+0'5 .635)( <'63)0F (-( 4(-(+1.'5 =3( *3(4( 522.0'5+ 5)6' 4.*0.-.>0 53-01<-.20 0 3' .'-(++3*-0+ *5+5 =3( ( 20'(2-(' (' *5+5)()0 :"0 +(*5+-.+ )5 25+65;
SINCRONI4ACI/N DE GENERADORES A 7ARRA COM9N3 L5 .'2+0'.52.9' ( (23('2.5), ( 4(2.+ =3( '3'25 ( .'2+0'.5' 40 6('(+540+( 5 )5 >(, 2010 ( 4.?0 20' 5'-(+.0+.454, () *+.1(+ 6('(+540+ ('-+5 4.+(2-51('-( 5 )5 85++5 *3(-0
20
=3( () .'2+0'020*.0 )0 58.).-5 *5+5 -5) (/(2-0, )0 6('(+540+( *0-(+.0+( ( >5' .'2+0'.5'40 08+( () *+.1(+0 =3( ('-+0 5 )5 85++5 201', 2010 '0 ( *0.8)( 58(+ () *+.1(+ 6('(+540+ (' (-( 250 () '1(+0 3'0F (-< 4.*0'.8)( () *+02(4.1.('-0 *5+5 -040 )0 6('(+540+( ( () 1.10, 2545 3'0 4( ())0 ('-+5 20' )5 (7*(2-5-.>5 4( .'2+0'.5+ .('40 () .'2+0'020*.0 =3.(' )0 58.).-5 *5+5 20'(2-5+ 5 )5 85++5 201' 4( 6('(+540+(; “C35'40 3' 6('(+540+ (-< /3(+5 4( (+>.2.0 () 5)60+.-10 4(8( 4( (+ 25*5 4( 5)-5+ 5) .63.('-( 6('(+540+ : .'2+0'.5+)0 0 8.(' .'-+0432.+)0 4.+(2-51('-(, ( 4(2.+ =3( . () 6('(+540+ '1(+0 3'0 /5))5 () 5)60+.-10 *3(4( 20)025+ () 6('(+540+ '1(+0 40 2010 +(/(+('2.5 : .'2+0'.5+ () '1(+0 -+( : () 235-+0 32(.>51('-(;” E)(2-+.2.454F C35'40 )5 .'2+0'.52.9' 20'2)3:(, ( 4(2.+ =3( 1< 4( 3' 6('(+540+ ( .'-+043?0 (' )5 85++5 ( *+02(4( 5 52-.>5+ )5 .'4.252.9' 4( .'2+0'.52.9' 20'2)3.45, (-5 15+25 .+>( *5+5 -(+1.'5+ () *+02(0 4( -+5'/(+('2.5;
21
.63+5 N ;
E=3(15 4( 5)60+.-10 *5+5
(23('2.5 4(
.'2+0'.52.9' 4( 6('(+540+(
5 85++5 201';
#('-5?5
4()
S.'2+0'.10
•
T('(+ >5+.0
6('(+540+(
.'2+(1('-5
)5
20'/.58.).454 4() .-(15 4( *0-('2.5, 4(8.40 5 =3( )5 /5))5 4( 235)=3.(+5 4( ())0 '0 2535 )5 *(+4.45 -0)5 4(
•
*0-('2.5 (' )5 25+65; C35'40 (' 3' 6('(+540+ ( >5 5 +(5).5+ 15'-('.1.('-0 :5 (5 *+(>('-.>0 0 20++(2-.>0, () .'2+0'.10 '0 5:345 =3.-5+ () 6('(+540+ /3(+5 4( (+>.2.0 : () 0-+0 ('-+5 (' /3'2.0'51.('-0 ( 5 =3( ( (>.-5 () 20+-( 4( ('(+65;
C0'2)3.0'( S( 5*+('4.9 -(9+.251('-( )5 15'(+5 20++(2-5 4( 520*)5+ )0 5)('-540+( (' *5+5)()0, 4( /0+15 =3( '0 45@(' )5 15=3.'5;
22
S( 20'02.9 )5 40 20'4.2.0'( /3'451('-5)( *5+5 *04(+ 20'(2-5+ 3' 6('(+540+ '2+0'0 (' *5+5)()0 .635) (23('2.5 4( /52( (' )5 6('(+52.9' : =3( )5 >()02.454 4() 6('(+540+ ('-+5'-( 20++(*0'45 (752-51('-( 20' )5 /+(23('2.5 4() .-(15 5) =3( ( >5 5 20'(2-5+; S( 20'02.9 54(1< 4() *+02(0 *5+5 () 520*)51.('-0, )5 20'4.2.0'( =3( 4(8(10 -015+ (' 23('-5 *5+5 3' 83(' 520*)51.('-0 (' *5+5)()0 4( 6('(+540+(;
Bibliografía Abad Torres, J., & Grefa Aguinda, . !. "s.f.#. bibdigital.epn. $e%uerado e' 10 de (o)ie*bre de 2016, de +bibdigia'.en.edu.e% /'e%ri%idad. "s.f.#. electrosector.pm. $e%uerado e' 10 de (o)ie*bre de 2016, de +.*onograas.%o* +.*onograas.%o*. "s.f.#. dspace.espoch. $e%uerado e' 10 de (o)ie*bre de 2016, de +dsa%e.eso%+.edu.e% Ja)ier, $. . "s.f.#. dspace.espoch. $e%uerado e' 10 de (o)ie*bre de 2016, de +dsa%e.eso%+.edu.e% o'ina, . "s.f.#. blogeingenieria.com. $e%uerado e' 10 de (o)ie*bre de 2016, de +b'ogeingenieria.b'ogso.%o* onograas "Adrian rio''o#. "s.f.#. monografas.com. $e%uerado e' 10 de (o)ie*bre de 2016, de +.*onograas.%o* $edro)n, . !. "s.f.#. monografas.com. $e%uerado e' 10 de (o)ie*bre de 2016, de +.*onograas.%o*
