ME III 10.-
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Cuando la máquna !"#a #$a%a&ando !n 'a()o *a '!lo(dad (on"#an#!+ la #!n",n d!l !"#a#o$ d!!nd! d!l lu&o ma/n#(o /!n!$ado o$ lo" olo" d! !(#a(,n d!%do a la $!"!n(a d! la (o$$!n#! qu! ($(ula ( $(ula o$ lo" a$$ollam!n#o" a$$ollam!n# o" d! la a$madu$a a$ madu$a *(amo+. E"#o "! d!%! a qu! !l !"#a#o$ no !" $!(o$$do o$ nn/una (o$$!n#! *I L 2 0+3 o$ #an#o la $!a((,n d! la a$madu$a !" nula 3(u4o !!(#o !" al#!$a$ !l lu&o #o#al. 5 * 5ol#o" + 5n 6ona d! "a#u$a(,n
Cu$'a d! 'a()o. R!(#a d!l !n#$!7!$$o
I nomnal I*Am!$o"+ 8/. N9 1.- Ca$a(#!$)"#(a" d! 'a()o La $!la(,n !n#$! la #!n",n /!n!$ada * 5 !n 'ol#o" + 4 la (o$$!n#! d! !(#a(,n * I !n Am!$o" + "! l! d!nomna (a$a(#!$)"#(a d! 'a()o3 dond! od!mo" o%"!$'a$ !l !"#ado d! "a#u$a(,n d!l /!n!$ado$ /!n!$ado$ ")n($ono "om!#do a "#a $u!%a.
2.- COMPORTAMIENTO DE UN GENERADOR SINCRONO BAJO CARGA En (a$/a la (o$$!n#! qu! a#$a'!"an lo" (ondu(#o$!" d!l !"#a#o$ ($!a un (amo ma/n#(o3 (au"ando al#!$a(on!" !n la n#!n"dad 4 d"#$%u(,n d!l (amo ma/n#(o $n(al3 o%#!nndo"! o%#!nndo"! (omo $!"ul#ado una d"#o$",n d!l (amo $!"ul#an#!. E"#a al#!$a(,n d!!nd! d!: - La (o$$!n#! d! la (a$/a. - 8a(#o$ d! o#!n(a d! la (a$/a. En "!/uda $!"!n#a$!mo" !l (omo$#am!n#o d!l al#!$nado$ (uando !" "om!#do a d'!$"a" (a$/a":
2.1.- Carga puramente resst!a.- S !l al#!$nado$ alm!n#a un ($(u#o u$am!n#! $!""#'o3 la (o$$!n#! (o$$!n#! d! (a$/a ($!a un (amo ma/n#(o $oo. El da/$ama *a+ mu!"#$a la al#!$a(,n d!l lu&o $n(al !n 'a()o 0o $!a((,n d!l !"#a#o$ 4;o a$madu$a 0$. MAQUINAS SINCRONAS
!n $!la(,n al lu&o d!
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El (amo ma/n#(o ndu(do $odu(do o$ lo" do" olo" * al#!$nado$ %ola$ + d!"a"ado =09 *!n a#$a>o+3 !n $!la(,n a lo" olo" $n(al!" 4 "#o" !&!$(!n "o%$! lo" olo" ndu(do" una u!$>a (on#$a$a al mo'm!n#o3 /a"#ándo"! o#!n(a m!(án(a a$a man#!n!$ al $o#o$ /$ando.
$ o
* a +
* %+
8/. N9 < .- Como$#am!n#o d!l lu&o $n(al !n 'a()o * o + $!"!(#o al lu&o $odu(do o$ la $!a((,n d!l ($(u#o !"#a#,$(o 4;o a$madu$a * $ +. Cuando la (a$/a !" $!""#'a La al#!$a(,n d! o !" !qu!?a3 no $odu(!ndo una 'a$a(,n mu4 /$and! !n $!la(,n al lu&o $!"ul#an#! * +. @!%do a la (a)da d! #!n",n !n lo" a$$ollam!n#o" d! la a$madu$a "!$á n!(!"a$o aum!n#a$ la (o$$!n#! d! !(#a(,n a$a man#!n!$ la #!n",n nomnal.
2.2.- Carga puramente n"u#t!a.- En !"#! (a"o la (o$$!n#! d! (a$/a !"#a d!"a"ada =09 en atras$ !n $!la(,n a la #!n",n 4 !l (amo d! $!a((,n d! a$madu$a !"#a$á (on"!(u!n-#!m!n#! !n la m"ma d$!((,n d!l (amo $n(al 4 !n ola$dad ou!"#a. El !!(#o d! la (a$/a ndu(#'a !" d!"ma/n!#>an#! '!$ lo" !"qu!ma" * a + 4 * % +. La" (a$/a" ndu(#'a" alma(!nan !n!$/)a qu! !$#!n!(! al ndu(#o$ !n#on(!" lo d!'u!l'! #o#alm!n#! al /!n!$ado$ no !&!$(!ndo nn/n (on&u/ado $!nan#! !n !l ndu(do. La" (a$/a" ndu(#'a" alma(!nan !n!$/)a qu! !$#!n!(! al ndu(#o$ !n#on(!" lo d!'u!l'! #o#alm!n#! al /!n!$ado$ no !&!$(!ndo nn/n (on&u/ado $!nan#! !n !l ndu(do. En !"#! (a"o "olo "! $odu($á un /a"#o d! !n!$/)a m!(án(a a$a (om!n"a$ la" $dda". @!%do a !"#! !!(#o d!"ma/n!#>an#! "!$á n!(!"a$o un /$an aum!n#o d! (o$$!n#! d! !(#a(,n a$a man#!n!$ la #!n",n nomnal.
o $ E!(#o d!"ma/n!#>an#! * a +
* %+
*a+
8/. N9 B .- Como$#am!n#o d!l lu&o $n(al !n 'a()o * o + $!"!(#o al lu&o $odu(do o$ la $!a((,n d!l ($(u#o !"#a#,$(o 4;o a$madu$a * $ +. Cuando la (a$/a !" ndu(#'a. MAQUINAS SINCRONAS
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2.%.- Cargas puramente #apa#t!as.- La (o$$!n#! d!l !"#a#o$ a$a una (a$/a (aa(#'a *a+
*%+
O $ E!(#o ma/n!#>an#!
8/. N9 D .- Como$#am!n#o d!l lu&o $n(al !n 'a()o * o + $!"!(#o al lu&o $odu(do o$ la $!a((,n d!l ($(u#o !"#a#,$(o 4;o a$madu$a * $ +. Cuando la (a$/a !" (aa(#'a. Cuando la (a$/a (aa(#'a !"#a d!"a"ada !n =09 en a"e&ant$ (on $!la(,n a la #!n",n !l (amo d! $!a((,n d! a$madu$a (on"!(u!n#!m!n#! "! !n(on#$a$á !n la m"ma d$!((,n d!l (amo $n(al 4 (on la m"ma ola$dad '!$ lo" !"qu!ma" * a + 4 * % +. El (amo ndu(do !n !"#! (a"o #!n! un !!(#o m a/n!#>an#!. La" (a$/a" (aa(#'a" alma(!nan !n!$/)a !n "u (amo !l(#$(o 4 la d!'u!l'!n #o#alm!n#! al /!n!$ado$3 no !&!$(!ndo (omo !n !l (a"o an#!$o$ nn/n (on&u/ado $!nan#! "o%$! !l ndu(do. @!%do al !!(#o ma/n!#>an#! "!$á n!(!"a$o $!du($ la (o$$!n#! d! !(#a(,n a$a man#!n!$ la #!n",n nomnal.
2.'.- Cargas nterme"as.- En la $a(#(a no" !n(on#$amo" (on (a$/a" qu! $!"!n#an d!"a"a&!" n#!$m!do" !n#$! #o#alm!n#! ndu(#'a3 (aa(#'a 4 $!""#'a. En !"#! (a"o !l (amo ndu(do u!d! "!$ d!"(omu!"#o !n do" (amo": Un #$an"'!$"al 4 !l o#$o d!"ma/n!#>an#! *ndu(#'o+ , ma/n!#>an#! *(aa(#'o+.
I * Am!$o" + Ca$/a" ndu(#'a" I nom. Ca$/a" $!""#'a" Ca$/a" (aa(#'a" 5 nomnal
5 * 5ol#o" +
8/. N9 .- 5a$a(,n d! la (o$$!n#! d! !(#a(,n a$a man#!n!$ la #!n",n d! a$madu$a (on"#an#! * 5 !n %o$n!" + . Solam!n#! !l (amo #$an"'!$"al $odu(! "u !!(#o $!nan#! (on"um!ndo o#!n(a m!(án(a d! la máquna a((onan#!. El !!(#o ma/n!#>an#! , d!"ma/n!#>an#! d!%!$á (om!n"a$"! al#!$ando la (o$$!n#! d! !(#a(,n. MAQUINAS SINCRONAS
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%.- POTENCIA EN (AS MA)UINAS SINCRONAS Pa$a d!#!$mna$ la o#!n(a d! una máquna ")n($ona "! u#l>a la "/u!n#! !$!",n:
m 2 Nm!$o d! a"!". U 2 T!n",n d! a"! d!l !"#a#o$. I! 2 Co$$!n#! d! a"! d!l !"#a#o$. 2 An/ulo o$mado o$ U ! I! La o#!n(a !l(#$(a d!"a$$ollada !n la máquna d! olo" "al!n#!" #am%n u!d! "!$ !$!"ada !n un(,n d!l án/ulo d! (a$/a qu! "u$/! !n#$! lo" a"o$!" U *#!n",n d! a"! + 4 Eo * u!$>a !l!(#$omo#$> ndu(da + d!#!$mnado o$ la o"(,n d!l án/ulo d!l $o#o$ !n $!la(,n al lu&o /$an#! d!l !"#a#o$. E"#! !!(#o "! $odu(! (uando !"#! (o$$!n#! ($(ulan #! * a%"o$%da o$ la (a$/a + !n lo" a$$ollam!n#o" d!l !"#a#o$3 d!%do a qu! "! ($!a un (amo ma/n#(o qu! !"#á !n oo"(,n al (amo $n(al.
*$rmas #$nstru#t!as "e& r$t$r .- La o$ma d! (on"#$u((,n d!l $o#o$ !" mu4 mo$#an#! 4a qu! $odu(! (a$a(#!$)"#(a" qu! d!n!n "u un(onam!n#o #al!" (omo: - Im!dan(a !"#a#o$ $o#o$. - Im!dan(a $o#o$ !"#a#o$. - La 'a$a%ldad d!l !n#$!7!$$o "!/n "u o"(,n.
* An/ulo d! d!"a"a&! +
d * E&! d$!(#o + N
Camo $n(al d! olo" "al!n#!"
q * !&! (uad$a#u$a +
8/. N9 F.- Como$#am!n#o d! la $!a((,n d! la a$madu$a (on $!"!(#o a lo" !&!" d 4 q. a.- Ro#o$ d! olo" l"o" * $!dondo , (l)nd$(o +.- E" !l qu! (uml! la" (a$a(#!$)"#(a" qu! a (on#nua(,n "! d!#allan '!$ /. N9 * a +.
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ESTATOR
ESTATOR
ROTOR
ROTOR
ROTOR
a+ Polo" l>o" %+ Polo" "al!n#!" 8/. N9 .- Cla"(a(,n d! lo" $o#o$!" "!/n "u o$ma (on"#$u(#'a d!l $o#o$ -
A$$ollam!n#o" d! (amo "#uado" !n la" $anu$a" aal!" * a lo la$/o d!l $o#o$ +. S! u"an !n máquna" qu! un(onan !n al#a" '!lo(dad!" a((onada" o$ #u$%na" d! 'ao$ * #u$%o al#!$nado$!"3 !#(. +. El dám!#$o d!l $o#o$ !" $!la#'am!n#! !qu!?o * a$o. =00 mm. +. S! u#l>an !n $o#o$!" a$a máquna" ")n($ona" d! < , D olo" * al#a" '!lo(dad!" +. T!n! "u !n#$!7!$$o (on"#an#!.
+.- R$t$r "e p$&$s sa&entes .- E" u#l>ado !n #odo #o d! /!n!$ado$!"3 #!n!ndo la" "/u!n#!" (a$a(#!$)"#(a" $n(al!" '!$ /. N9 * % +: - P$!"!n#a$ un !n#$!7!$$o 'a$a%l! qu! d!!nd! d! "u o"(,n $!"!(#o al !"#a#o$. - S! u"a !n '!lo(dad!" %a&a" * D olo" +. - Son u#l>ada" !n máquna" a((onada" o$ #u$%na" 7d$ául(a". * 7d$o/!n!$ado$!" +. La" máquna" d! olo" "al!n#!" #!n!n una d$!((,n d! ma/n!#>a(,n $!!$!n#! d!#!$mnada o$ la" !an"on!" ola$!". La $!lu(#an(a !" a$!(a%l!m!n#! m!no$ !n !l !&! d$!(#o * ola$ + qu! !n !l d! (uad$a#u$a * n!u#$o +. En la "/u!n#! /u$a u!d!n '!$"! lo" lu&o" lon/#udnal!" 4 #$an"'!$"al!" !n !l !n#$!7!$$o d! una máquna ")n($ona. E&! d$!(#o
ESTATOR
N
E&! (uad$a#u$a
S
8lu&o" lon/#udnal!"
ESTATOR
N
S
8lu&o" #$an"'!$"al!"
8/. N9 .- 8lu&o" !n una máquna d! olo" "al!n#!".
'.- M,)UINA SNCRONA DE PO(OS SA(IENTES
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Pa$a !"#uda$ !l !!(#o d! lo" olo" "al!n#!" "! u!d! d!"(omon!$ la (o$$!n#! !"#a#,$(a * I! +3 !n am%o" da/$ama"3 4 #!n!ndo (omo $!!$!n(a la #!n",n ndu(da * E + "! /$a(an lo" lu&o" d! (amo 4 d! la $!a((,n d! la a$madu$a a$a o$ma$ !l lu&o $!"ul#an#! qu! "! 7a$á $!"!n#! !n !l !n#$!7!$$o d! la máquna d! olo" "al!n#!". @ond!: 2 8lu&o $n(al $odu(do o$ !l (amo *ndu(#o$+. ! 2 8lu&o d!%do a la $!a((,n d! la a$madu$a *!"#a#o$ , ndu(do+. 2 8lu&o $!"ul#an#! !"#!n#! !n !l !n#$!7!$$o. I! 2 Co$$!n#! !"#a#,$(a3 #$a%a&ando (on (a$/a. Iq 2 Comon!n#! d! la (o$$!n#! !"#a#,$(a3 !n !&! (uad$a#u$a. Id 2 Comon!n#! d! la (o$$!n#! !"#a#,$(a3 !n !&! d$!(#o. I! 2 Co$$!n#! !"#a#,$(a3 #$a%a&ando (on (a$/a. E 2 T!n",n ndu(da n#!$na *u!$>a !l!(#$omo#$>+3 o$ a"! d!l /!n!$ado$. 2 An/ulo !n#$! la #!n",n !n #!$mnal!" *5+ 4 la (o$$!n#! !"#a#,$(a *I!+. 2 An/ulo !n#$! la #!n",n !n #!$mnal!" *5+ 4 la #!n",n ndu(da *E+. Jq 2 Comon!n#! d! la $!a(#an(a ")n($ona !n !&! (uad$a#u$a. Jd 2 Comon!n#! d! la $!a(#an(a ")n($ona !n !&! d$!(#o. Iq
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@a/$ama d! 8M !n olo" "al!n#!" 8/. N9 =.- @a/$ama" a"o$al!" d! la" máquna" ")n($ona" d! olo" "al!n#!". Pa$a o!$a(,n !qul%$ada !n $/m!n !$man!n#! Io !" nula. - El "/n(ado )"(o d! la" (omon!n#!" !n !&! d$!(#o 4 (uad$a#u$a !" !l "/u!n#!:
REACTANCIAS EN LOS EES @IRECTO CUA@RATURA E&! d$!(#o * Jd + E&! d!l $o#o$ 4 (ondu(#o$!" a"o(ado" Al !"#a#o$. R!lu(#an(a ma/n#(a m)nma * mn. +. 8lu&o d! !nla(! mámo * 0ma. +. Jd Jq En #u$%o al#!$nado$!". MAQUINAS SINCRONAS
E&! (uad$a#u$a * J q + E"a(o n#!$ola$ d!l $o#o$ 4 (ondu(#o$!" a"o(ado" d!l !"#a#o$. R!lu(#an(a ma/n#(a máma * ma. + 8lu&o d! !nla(! m)nmo * 0m)n. + Jq K Jd En 7d$o al#!$nado$!". HUBER MURILLO MANARIQUE
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-
La máquna d! olo" "al!n#!" #!n! una d$!((,n $!!$!n(al d! ma/n!#>a(,n d!#!$mnada o$ la "al!n(a d! lo" olo" d!l (amo. La !$m!an(a a lo la$/o d!l !&! ola$ , d$!(#o !" a$!(a%l!m!n #! ma4o$ qu! la !$m!an(a a lo la$/o d!l !&! n#!$ola$ , (uad$a#u$a. @! la #a%la an#!$o$ "! u!d! (on(lu$ qu! : - A ma4o$ $!lu(#an(a "! o%#!n! m!no$ lu&o. - A m!no$ ndu(#an(a m!no$ $!a(#an(a. Jd Jq
La $!a(#an(a !n !l !&! !" ma4o$ qu! !n (uad$a#u$a.
An&ss "e &a p$ten#a en m/unas s0n#r$nas "e p$&$s sa&entes.- Pa$a $!al>a$ !l !"#udo d! la" máquna" ")n($ona" d! olo" "al!n#!" !" n!(!"a$o (on#a$ (on un ($(u#o !qu'al!n#! * /.N9 10 4 11 + dond! n#!$'!n/an !l mod!lo 4 lo" a$ám!#$o" ma" mo$#an#!" (omo "on: La $!a(#an(a ")n($ona 3 (ono$mada o$ la $!a(#an(a d! la máquna ma" la $!a(#an(a (o$$!"ond!n#! a la $!a((,n d! a$madu$a. - En la /. N9 10 4 11 od!mo" '"ual>a$ !l mod!lo ad!(uado *a+ 4 !l da/$ama a"o$al *%+ qu! no" 'an a !$m#$ $!al>a$ !l anál"" d! la máquna ")n($ona d! olo" "al!n#!". A") m"mo "! d!%!n #!n!$ la" "/u!n#!" (on"d!$a(on!" : -
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8/. N9 11.- R!$!"!n#a(,n d!l mod!lo 4 da/$ama a"o$al d! una máquna ")n($ona d! olo" "al!n#!" . - R KKK J" R 0 * mo#'o o$ !l (ual "! d!"$!(a R +. - La J" 2 Jd J q * Mu4 mo$#an#! +. - E !" la la #!n",n ndu(da n#!$na d! $!!$!n(a d!l /!n!$ado$. (09 R J" Ja J
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R!""#!n(a d! a$madu$a o$ a"!. Ja J. R!a(#an(a o$ a"! d!%do a la $!a((,n d! la a$madu$a. R!a(#an(a n#!$na o$ a"! d! la a$madu$a.
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2 An/ulo !n#$! 5 ! I. 2 An/ulo !n#$! E 4 5. Al(ando la 5L * $(7oo 5ol#/! La + !n la /. N9 11. E
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HUBER MURILLO MANARIQUE
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HUBER MURILLO MANARIQUE
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Pr$+&ema .- Un /!n!$ado$ d! olo" "al!n#!" d! 1<0 M'a. 3 F0 H>. 3 1B. ' 3 8P 2 0.= Con Jd 2 10 4 Jq 2 D . a.- S! l! "ol(#a $!al>a$ lo" (ál(ulo" !n %o$n!" d!l al#!$nado$ : 1.- La Pma 3 Qma 4 !l ma. <.- Halla$ 5 4 E . A" m"mo d%u&! !l da/$ama a"o$al. B.- La 'ál'ula d! a/ua !" a%!$#a 7a"#a qu! P aum!n#a un <0 !n !"#a" (ond(on!" "! l! "ol(#a (al(ula$ : P3 Q3 E3 53 . %.- Ha(!$ #odo" lo" (ál(ulo" $!al>ado" !n * a + #omado" !n E 2 E L09. A") od!mo" "!?ala$ qu! la o#!n(a !l(#$(a qu! !l /!n!$ado$ !n#$!/a !n "u" %o$n!" "! u!d! o%#!n!$ a a$#$ d! la" !(ua(on!" "/u!n#!": P
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HUBER MURILLO MANARIQUE
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Pd !" la o#!n(a qu! d!!nd! d! la #!n",n d! la $!d 4 d! la !(#a(,n d!l (amo. Pq !" la o#!n(a d!%do a la d!$!n(a !n la $!lu(#an(a d!l !n#$!7!$$o a la (ual no d!!nd! la !(#a(,n d! la máquna.
=.- M,)UINA SNCRONA DE PO(OS (I>OS Pa$a $!al>a$ !l !"#udo d! la" máquna" ")n($ona" !" n!(!"a$o (on#a$ (on un ($(u#o !qu'al!n#! * /.N9 1D + dond! n#!$'!n/an lo" a$ám!#$o" ma" mo$#an#!" (omo "on: La $!a(#an(a ")n($ona 3 (ono$mada o$ la $!a(#an(a d! la máquna ma" la $!a(#an(a (o$$!"ond!n#! a la $!a((,n d! a$madu$a. En ""#!ma" d! o#!n(a "! u#l>an mod!lo" d!l ($(u#o !qu'al!n#! qu! $!$!"!n#! la" (a$a(#!$)"#(a" !#!$na" d!l /!n!$ado$ (on una !a(##ud "u(!n#!. En la /. N9 1D od!mo" '"ual>a$ !l mod!lo ad!(uado *a+ 4 !l da/$ama a"o$al *%+ qu! no" 'an a !$m#$ $!al>a$ !l anál"" d! la máquna ")n($ona. A") m"mo "! d!%!n #!n!$ la" "/u!n#!" (on"d!$a(on!" : - R KKK J" R 0 * mo#'o o$ !l (ual "! d!"$!(a R +. !" !l án/ulo d! m!dan(a !n#$! J" 4 R . * 6 L +. 2 a$(. #an/. * J" ; R + =09. - La J" Jd J q * Mu4 mo$#an#! +. 5 L 09 !" la la #!n",n d! $!!$!n(a !n lo" #!$mnal!" d!l /!n!$ado$. S!ndo: 8 2 8MM $odu(da o$ la (o$$!n#! d! (amo I. 8a 2 8MM $odu(da o$ la (o$$!n#! d! a$madu$a I *!"#a#o$ , ndu(do +. 8 2 8MM $!"ul#an#! !n !l !n#$!7!$$o. J" 2 Ja J. 2 Jd R 2 R!""#an(a d! a"! d! lo" a$$ollam!n#o". 2 An/ulo !n#$! 5 ! I. 2 An/ulo !n#$! E 4 5. Jd 2 J" I
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HUBER MURILLO MANARIQUE
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MAQUINAS SINCRONAS
HUBER MURILLO MANARIQUE
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ME III 10.-
POTENCIA EN MAQUINAS SINCRONAS
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.- REGU(ACION DE 5O(TAJE EN UN GENERADOR SINCRONO La $!/ula(,n d! #!n",n d! un /!n!$ado$ ")n($ono (on""#! !n anal>a$ !l d!"!m!?o d! la máquna (uando "! 7alla #$a%a&ando !n 'a()o 4 a l!na (a$/aW (uando la '!lo(dad 4 la (o$$!n#! d! !(#a(,n !$man!(!n (on"#an#!". U#l>a$!mo" !l mod!lo d! la /. N91D. Pa$a (uan#(a$lo "! u#l>a la "/u!n#! !$!",n:
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Pa$a un a(#o$ d! o#!n(a un#a$o 4 !n a#$a"o "! $!"!n#a "!m$! una (a)da d! #!n",n (uando "! n($!m!n#a la (a$/a /.N9 1 * a +. P!$o (uando "! #!n! !l a(#o$ d! o#!n(a !n ad!lan#o la $!/ula(,n !" (!$o 4 mu(7a" '!(!" (uando "! aum!n#an la (a$/a la $!/ula(,n $!"ul#a "!$ n!/a#'a /. N9 1 * % +. 8nalm!n#! od!mo" d!($ qu! un /!n!$ado$ !" "ea& (uando la R!/ula.* + 0.
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ME III 10.-
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Dese/u&+r$ angu&ar.- La" #!n"on!" d! un ""#!ma #$á"(o "on d!"a"ada" !n 1<093 " !"#! d!"a"a&! u!$a d!$!n#! a lo" 1<09 !l $!!$do 'alo$ !"#a$á !n d!"!qul%$o.
Des+a&an#e "e tens$nes.- El d!"%alan(! d! #!n"on!" !" la d!$!n(a !n#$! la #!n",n d! l)n!a ma" !l!'ada 4 la ma" %a&a3 ud!ndo "!$ !$!"ado !n o$(!n#a&! d! la #!n",n m!da d! a"!. E&!mlo: La a"! R 4 S md!n <0 5ol#o" *1.F o$ !n(ma d! la m!da+W S 4 T md!n <0D 'ol#o" * 0.BB o$ d!%a&o d! la m!da+ 4 nalm!n#! T 4 R md!n <0< 5ol#o" *1.B o$ d!%a&o d! la m!da+. En#on(!" : M!da 2 <0D3F 5ol#o". 5a$a(,n F 5ol#o" *<.=+.
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HUBER MURILLO MANARIQUE
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ME III 10.-
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MAQUINAS SINCRONAS PAGE 1=
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