Consti III Project - Semester V

GUJARAT GUJAR AT NATIONA NATIONAL L LAW LAW UNIVERSITY UNIVERS ITY

Kaiser-I-Hind Pvt. Ltd. & Ors.

v. Natina! Te"ti!e #r$ratin %a'aras'tra Nrt'( Ltd. & Ors. #ase Ana!)sis Ana!)sis n Re$*+nan,) and Art. /%( #ONSTITUTIONAL #ONSTITUTION AL LAW LAW 0 III1 SEESTER V

Submitted to Mr. Girish R. Pavani Nath 12B091 B.A. LL.B. (Hons.

Kaiser-I-Hind Pvt. Ltd. & Ors. v. National Textile Corporation Ltd. & Ors. A Case Analysis on Repugnancy & Art. Art. 254(2)

TA2LE O3 #ONTENTS

TOPI#

PAGE

A!"no#$ed%ement & 'ntrodu!tion to the ase ) *a!ts o+ the ase , ontentions o+ the A--e$$ants  ontentions o+ the Res-ondents 12 'ssues identi+ied in the ase 1) *indin% o+ the Su-reme ourt and its Ana$/sis #ith 1, res-e!t to the uestions Ans#ered on!$usion 2& Bib$io%ra-h/ 2)

A#KNOWLE4GEENT

Gujarat National Law Universit

!

Kaiser-I-Hind Pvt. Ltd. & Ors. v. National Textile Corporation Ltd. & Ors. A Case Analysis on Repugnancy & Art. 254(2)

"

't is indeed m/ -rivi$e%e to -resent this !ase ana$/sis on aiser3'3Hind Pvt. Ltd. 4 5rs. v. Nationa$ 6e7ti$e or-oration (Maharashtra North Ltd. 4 5rs.8 to m/ tea!her Mr. Girish R.

' #ou$d $i"e to e7-ress m/ dee-est %ratitude to Mr. Bima$ Pate$ :ire!tor Gu;arat Nationa$ La#
' #ou$d $i"e to than" Girish Sir Assistant Pro+essor o+ La# Gu;arat Nationa$ La#
' #ou$d a$so $i"e to than" ever/one > tea!hers +ami$/ and -eers > +or %ivin% me va$uab$e in+ormation and he$-in% me +ormu$ate ideas throu%h stimu$atin% dis!ussions and a !ohesive #or" environment to turn m/ ideas and stra/ thou%hts into this !oherent resear!h -a-er.

INTRO4U#TION TO THE #ASE Gujarat National Law Universit


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#*rt5 Su-reme ourt A$$e!!ant5 aiser3'3Hind Pvt. Ltd. 4 5rs. Res$ndent5 Nationa$ 6e7ti$e or-. (Maharashtra North Ltd. 4 5rs. 4ate 6 t'e J*d+7ent5 2= Se-tember 2002 2en,'5 G.B.Pattanai" M.B.Shah :orais#am/ Ra;u S.N.?ariava :.M.:harmadhi"ari

@@. #itatin5 (2002  S 12 A'R 2002 S &)0) ain Arti,!e in 8*estin5 6he Su-reme ourt to de!ide the !ontrovers/ $oo"ed into

Art. 2=) and Art. 2=)(2 in -arti!u$ar. 't states the +o$$o#in% 9/. In,nsisten,) :et;een !a;s 7ade :) Par!ia7ent and !a;s 7ade :) t'e Le+is!at*res 6 States.--%<( If any provision of a law made by the

Legislature of a State is repugnant to any provision of a law made by Parliament which Parliament is competent to ena!t or to an/ -rovision o+ an e7istin% $a# #ith res-e!t to one o+ the matters enumerated in the on!urrent List then, subject to the provisions of Clause (2, the law made by Parliament, whether passed before or after the law made by the Legislature of such State, or, as the case may be, the e!isting law, shall prevail and the law made by the Legislature of the State shall, to the e!tent of the repugnancy, be void" . here a $a# made b/ the Le%is$ature o+ a State #ith res-e!t to one of the matters enumerated in the Concurrent List !ontains an/ -rovision

re-u%nant to the -rovisions o+ an ear$ier $a# made b/ Par$iament or an e7istin% $a# #ith res-e!t to that matter then the $a# so made b/ the Le%is$ature o+ su!h State sha$$ i+ it has been reserved for the consideration of the President and has received his assent  -revai$ in that State

Provided that nothin% in this !$ause sha$$ -revent Par$iament +rom ena!tin% at an/ time an/ $a# #ith res-e!t to the same matter in!$udin% a $a# addin% to amendin% var/in% or re-ea$in% the $a# so made b/ the Le%is$ature o+ the State.C

ain A,ts=R*!es=Orders5


Kaiser-I-Hind Pvt. Ltd. & Ors. v. National Textile Corporation Ltd. & Ors. A Case Analysis on Repugnancy & Art. 254(2) 1. onstitution o+ 'ndia 3 Arti!$e 2=) 2. onstitution o+ 'ndia 3 Arti!$e 2=)(1 &. onstitution o+ 'ndia 3 Arti!$e 2=)(2 ). onstitution o+ 'ndia 3 Arti!$e &0) =. Pub$i! Premises (Dvi!tion o+
3A#TS O3 THE #ASE

1. 'n the !urrent !ase the state o+ Maharashtra reserved the Bomba/ Rents Hote$ and Lod%in% House Rates ontro$ A!t 19)E (hereina+ter re+erred to as Cthe


$


%

Bomba/ Rent A!tC under Arti!$e 2=)(2 +or the President8s assent and re!eived it Fua its re-u%nan!/ #ith the 6rans+er o+ Pro-ert/ A!t a !entra$ $a#. 2. 6he main Fuestion be+ore the Hi%h ourt o+ Bomba/ #hen this Bomba/ Rent A!t #as !ha$$en%ed be+ore it #as #hether the CassentC %iven b/ the President under Arti!$e 2=)(2 o+ the onstitution o+ 'ndia #ith re%ard to the re-u%nan!/ o+ the State $e%is$ation and the ear$ier $a# made b / the Par$iament or the e7istin% $a# !ou$d on$/ be Fua the CassentC sou%ht b/ the State #ith re%ard to re-u%nan!/ o+ the $a#s mentioned in the submission made to the President +or his !onsideration be+ore %rant o+ assent or #hether it #ou$d -revai$ Fua other $a#s +or #hi!h no assent #as sou%ht. &. 6he a+oresaid Fuestion arose be+ore the Hi%h ourt o+ Bomba/ in #rit -etitions and a--ea$s #hi!h #ere +i$ed !ha$$en%in% the vires o+ the Pub$i! Premises (Dvi!tion o+




#ONTENTIONS O3 THE APPELLANTS 6he !ontentions #i$$ be dea$t #ith in the +orm o+ Fuestions that Mr. *.S. Nariman $earned senior !ounse$ +or the a--e$$ant raised and submitted +or determination b/ the Su-reme ourt. 6hese Fuestions are as +o$$o#s

<. W'et'er t'e P.P. Evi,tin A,t s$e,i6i,a!!) e7$;erin+ +vern7ent ,7$anies and stat*tr) ,r$ratins t evi,t t'eir tenants t'r*+' t'e s*77ar) $r,ed*re $rvided t'erein t> a;a) r a:rid+ed t'e ri+'ts



'

,n6erred :) Arti,!e
't #as submitted b/ the $earned senior !ounse$ that the P.P. Dvi!tion A!t abrid%es the ri%ht !on+erred b/ Arti!$e 19(1(+ #hi!h is de$eted +rom the ha-ter o+ *undamenta$ Ri%hts #.e.+. 20.,.19E9 o+ the onstitution inso+ar as it em-o#ers the Government !om-anies and statutor/ !or-orations to evi!t their tenants thou%ht the summar/ -ro!edure -rovided therein and #as to that e7tent void +rom its ver/ in!e-tion.

. %a( W'et'er t'e de!etin 6 Arti,!e
6he $earned senior !ounse$ at the time o+ hearin% o+ this matter did not -ress the !ontention No. 2 as enumerated above. Hen!e the ourt de!ided that it #as not reFuired to be dea$t #ith +urther.



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. %a( W'et'er t'e $rvisins 6 t'e 27:a) Rent A,t1
:ea$in% #ith !ontentions & and ) to%ether the $earned !ounse$ +or the A--e$$ants !ontended that it #as not -ermissib$e +or the Hi%h ourt to enFuire into and as!ertain the !ir!umstan!es in #hi!h CassentC to $a# made b / the State under Arti!$e 2=)(2 o+ the onstitution #as %iven and to ho$d as a resu$t o+ su!h enFuir/ that the said $a# even #ith res-e!t to a matter enumerated in the on!urrent List does not -revai$ in the State. 'n substan!e it has been !ontended b/ the $earned senior !ounse$ Mr. Nariman that sin!e 19)E the Bomba/ Rent A!t is e7tended +rom time to time and on ea!h o!!asion assent o+ the President is re!eived. 5n!e assent o+ the President is obtained the Bomba/ Rent A!t -revai$s in the State o+ Maharashtra and not the P.P. Dvi!tion A!t. He +urther submitted that on!e the assent is re!eived it is not o-en to the ourt to %o behind the said assentI and arrive at the !on!$usion that PresidentIs assent is %iven Fua re-u%nan!/ o+ a -arti!u$ar $a# or $a#s made b/ the Par$iament su!h as 6rans+er o+ Pro-ert/ A!t and 'ndian ontra!t A!t.



)*

He a$so submitted that %ivin% o+ assent b/ the President is $a# ma"in% -ro!ess and the ste-s ta"en in su!h -ro!ess !annot be e7amined b/ the ourt. Advisors o+ the President #ou$d -oint out the re$evant $a#s on the sub;e!t and i+ the assent is un!onditiona$ or unrestri!ted the $a# o+ $a#s o+ the Par$iament on the sub;e!t have to %ive #a/ to the State $e%is$ation. 't is his !ontention that IassentI %iven b/ the President is not sub;e!t to ;udi!ia$ revie#. 'n an/ !ase there #as no reason +or the Hi%h ourt to summon the +i$e submitted be+ore the President be+ore %rant o+ assent. 'n +urtheran!e o+ this ar%ument it #as submitted that #hen the President has %iven assent to a State $e%is$ation the ourt !annot !a$$ +or the +i$es to +ind out #hether the assent #as $imited to re-u%nan!/ bet#een the State $e%is$ation and $a#s mentioned therein.

. W'et'er t'e e"tensin 6 a te7$rar) ena,t7ent a7*nts t t'e ena,t7ent 6 a ne; !a;1 r ;'et'er it is an e"tensin 6 t'e e"istin+ !a;@

't #as submitted that the Bomba/ Rent A!t 19)E #as ena!ted b/ the Bomba/ Le%is$ature and re!eived the assent o+ the Governor Genera$ on 1&th @anuar/ 19). 't #as -ub$ished in the o++i!ia$ %aJette and -revai$s over a$$ entra$ A!ts to the e7tent o+ an/ re-u% nan!/ bet#een the Rent A!t and the re$evant entra$ A!ts. 't #as +urther submitted that the ne!essit/ o+ -assin% Bomba/ Amendin% A!t )& o+ 19=1 #as be!ause the Bomba/ Rent A!t #as not an Ce7istin% $a#C #hi!h !ontinued a+ter the !ommen!ement o+ the onstitution. 'n other #ords the onstitution did not envisa%e or -rovide +or the !ontinuan!e in +or!e o+ e7istin% $a#s i+ su!h e7istin% $a#s #ere on$/ tem-orar/ $a#s. Su!h tem-orar/ $a#s !ontinued in +or!e on$/ ti$$ the date +i7ed +or their e7-irationK a$ternative$/ ti$$ the date on #hi!h the/ #ou$d have e7-ired i+ the onstitution had not !ome into +or!e. 6here+ore bein% a tem-orar/ $a# in +or!e ti$$ &1st Mar!h 19=2 the Bomba/ Rent A!t 19)E !ou$d not have !ontinued a+ter &1.&.19=2 un$ess re3ena!ted and the #ords Ie7istin% $a#I and I$a# in +or!eI are inter3!han%eab$e.



))

#ONTENTIONS O3 THE RESPON4ENTS 1. 6he $earned !ounse$s +or the Res-ondents main$/ $oo"ed at !ontentions & and ) o+ the A--e$$ants. 2. As a%ainst those $earned Add$. So$i!itor Genera$ Mr. A$ta+ Ahmad$earned senior !ounse$ Mr. 6.R. Andh/aru;ina Mr. Sudhir handra and $earned !ounse$ Mr. . Ravi!handran '/er submitted that be+ore %rantin% IassentI the President has to



)!

!onsider s-e!i+i! -rovisions o+ the State $e%is$ation #hi!h are re-u%nant to the -rovisions o+ an ear$ier or e7istin% $a# made b/ the Par$iament. &. Be+ore %rantin% assent the President has to a--$/ his mind to the -ro-osed State $a# and the $a# made b/ the Par$iament. ). 6he !onsideration #ou$d be restri!ted to the -ro-osa$ made b/ the State Government and PresidentIs assent #ou$d on$/ be #ith re%ard to the $a#s s-e!i+ied therein. =. *or this -ro-osa$ made b/ the State Government +or obtainin% assent is reFuired to be $oo"ed into and that has been done in a$most a$$ su!h !ases. 't had a$so been submitted as under a. 6hat the assent o+ the President %iven to the D7tension A!ts o+ 191 and 19, o+ the Bomba/ Rent A!t 19)E #as on$/ +or the $imited -ur-ose o+ re-u%nan!/ to the 6rans+er o+ Pro-ert/ A!t 12 and the Presiden!/ Sma$$ ause ourts A!t 12. 6here is no assent a--$i!ab$e to the P.P. Dvi!tion A!t. b. 6he Hi%h ourt !ommitted an error in ho$din% that Bomba/ Rent A!t #as e7tended b/ A!t 10 o+ 191 and b/ A!t 1, o+ 19, and there+ore the Bomba/ Rent A!t must be !onsidered to be a ne# $a# and the P.P. Dvi!tion A!t is the ear$ier $a# +or the -ur-ose o+ Arti!$e 2=)(2. !. 'n the a$ternative in an/ !ase the assent %iven to the D7tension A!ts o+ 191 and 19, is a$so $imited to s-e!i+ied re-u%nan!ies to the 6rans+er o+ Pro-ert/ A!t and to the Presiden!/ Sma$$ ause ourts A!t. *or this -ur-ose the Hi%h ourt ri%ht$/ re+erred to the do!uments tendered as D7.* !o$$e!tive$/. 6here do!uments #ere a$$o#ed tobe e7hibited #ithout ob;e!tion b/ the a--e$$ants herein. d. 6he -hrase Creserved +or the !onsideration o+ the PresidentC under Arti!$e 2=)(2 im-$ies that the State has to dra# the attention o+ the President to the -arti!u$ar re-u%nan!/ arisin% bet#een s-e!i+ied entra$ La#s and the !ontem-$ated State $e%is$ation reFuirin% !onsideration o+ the President +or obtainin% his assent.



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ISSUES I4ENTI3IE4 IN THE #ASE <. W'et'er t'e P.P. Evi,tin A,t s$e,i6i,a!!) e7$;erin+ +vern7ent ,7$anies and stat*tr) ,r$ratins t evi,t t'eir tenants t'r*+' t'e s*77ar) $r,ed*re $rvided t'erein t> a;a) r a:rid+ed t'e ri+'ts ,n6erred :) Arti,!e
W'et'er

t'e

de!etin

6

Arti,!e
t'e

#nstit*tin

//t' A7end7ent A,t1


)#

%:( W'et'er t'e ,'a!!en+e t t'e P.P. Evi,tin A,t rted in Arti,!e


)$

3IN4ING O3 THE SUPREE #OURT AN4 ITS ANALYSIS WITH RESPE#T TO THE 8UESTIONS ANSWERE4 Wit' res$e,t t t'e 6irst ,ntentin raised :) t'e A$$e!!ants1 t'e #*rt 'ad t'e 6!!;in+ t sa)5

1. 'n our vie# it !annot be he$d that be!ause summar/ -ro!edure under the P.P. Dvi!tion A!t is -res!ribed +or evi!tin% the tenants or unauthorised o!!u-ants or



)%

sub3tenants it abrid%es the ri%hts o+ the tenants !on+erred b / Arti!$e 19(1(+ o+ the onstitution. 2. 't is +or the Le%is$ature to -rovide summar/ -ro!edure +or evi!tin% su!h -ersons or to dire!t the -arties to a--roa!h the !ivi$ ourt. '+ the Le%is$ature !onsiders in its #isdom that under Genera$ $a# the evi!tion -ro!ess is di$ator/ and -rovides +or other s-eedier -ro!edure +or evi!tin% una uthorised o!!u-ants sub3tenants #hose tenan!/ is terminated it !annot be said that the said -ro!edure #ou$d be in an/ #a/ vio$ative o+ Arti!$e 19(1(+ o+ the onstitution. &. Re$ian!e is -$a!ed on the de!ision o+ the ourt in Lala Panchanm (Supra) #herein this ourt has observed that under the 6rans+er o+ Pro-ert/ A!t

as #e$$ as under the Rent A!t a thnate has an interest in the demised -remises #hi!h sFuare$/ +a$$s #ithin the e7-ression C-ro-ert/C o!!urrin% in S ub3!$ause (+ o+ $ause (1 o+ Arti!$e 19 o+ the onstitution. ). But this #ou$d not mean that $e%is$ature has no -o#er to -res!ribe the -ro!edure +or evi!tin% the tenant #hose tenan!/ is determined either b/ a++$u7 o+ time or b/ %ivin% noti!e or on the %round that there is sub3$ettin% et!. 6here !annot be an/ doubt that a $essee #ou$d have an interest in the -ro-ert/ and thereb/ it #ou$d +a$$ #ithin the e7-ression C-ro-ert/C o!!urrin% in Sub3!$ause (+ o+ $ause (1 o+ Arti!$e 19 o+ the onstitution. =. *urther under the Bomba/ Rent A!t even a thio$ate # hose tenan!/ has !ome to an end b/ a++$u7 o+ time or b/ %ivin% noti!e as -rovide u nder the 6rans+er o+ Pro-ert/ A!t #ou$d have +urther statutor/ -rote!tion +rom bein% evi!ted e7!e-t as -rovided under the Bomba/ Rent A!t. ,. Ho#ever #ithdra#a$ o+ su!h statutor/ -rote!tion #ou$d not mean that ri%ht to -ro-ert/ is abrid%ed. 't is +or the $e%is$ature to -rovide to #hat e7tent to #hom and ho# tenants or sub3tenants o+ an/ -remises are to be %iven -rote!tion.


)

. *urther #hi$e u-ho$din% va$idit/ o+ the P.P. Dvi!tion A!t this ourt in Northern India Caterers Private Ltd. Anr. v. MANUSC!"#$%&' State of Pun*ab and Anr. 19,E & SR &99 !$ari+ied33Cthe A!t does not !reate an/ ne# ri%ht o+

evi!tion. 9. 't !reates remed/ +or a ri%ht e7istin% under the Genera$ $a#. 6he remed/ is s-eedier than one b/ #a/ o+ a suit under the ordinar/ $a# o+ evi!tion.C

T'e se,nd ,ntentin 6 t'e A$$e!!ants ;as nt ,77ented *$n1 sin,e t'eir !earned senir ,*nse! at t'e ti7e 6 'earin+ 6 t'is 7atter did nt $ress t'at ,ntentin. Hen,e1 it ;as nt re*ired t :e dea!t ;it' 6*rt'er.

T'e de,ide *$n t'e 7ain *estins raised in ,ntentins  and /1 t'e #*rt !>ed int Art. /%( in $arti,*!ar. It t'en stated t'e 6!!;in+5

1. *or the -ur-ose o+ the -resent !ase $ause (2 reFuires inter-retation #hi!h on the ana$/sis -rovides that #here a $a# %a( made b/ the $e%is$ature o+ a StateK %:( #ith res-e!t to one o+ the matters enumerated in on!urrent ListK %,( !ontains an/ -rovision re-u%nant to the -rovisions o+ an ear$ier $a#

made b/ the Par$iament or e7istin% $a# #ith res-e!t to that matterK then the $a# so made b/ the $e%is$ature o+ the State sha$$33 %<( i+ it has been Ireserved +or !onsideration o+ the PresidentIK and %( has re!eived Ihis assentIK

#ou$d -revai$ in that State. 2. Hen!e it #as stated that +or the State $a# to -revai$ +o$$o#in% reFuirements must be satis+ied a. $a# made b/ the $e%is$ature o+ a State shou$d be #ith res-e!t to one o+ the matters enumerated in the on!urrent ListK b. it !ontains an/ -rovision re-u%nant to the -rovision o+ an ear$ier $a# made b/ the Par$iament or an e7istin% $a# #ith res-e!t to that matterK !. the $a# so made b/ the Le%is$ature o+ the State has been reserved +or the !onsideration o+ the PresidentK and d. it has re!eived Ihis assentI.



)'

&. 'n vie# o+ a+oresaid reFuirements be+ore obtainin% the assent o+ the President the State Government has to -oint out that the $a# made b/ the State $e%is$ature is in res-e!t o+ one o+ the matters enumerated int eh on!urrent List b/ mentionin% entr/entries o+ on!urrent List and that it !ontains -rovision or -rovisions re-u%nant to the $a# made b/ the Par$iament or e7istin% $a#. ). *urther the #ords Creserved +or !onsiderationC #ou$d de+inite$/ indi!ate that there shou$d be a!tive a--$i!ation o+ mind b/ the President to the re-u%nan!/ -ointed out bet#een the -ro-osed State $a# and the ear$ier $a# made b/ the Par$iament and the ne!essit/ o+ havin% su!h a $a# in +a!ts and !ir!umstan!es o+ the matter #hi!h is re-u%nant to a $a# ena!ted b/ the Par$iament -revai$in% in a State. =. 6he #ord I!onsiderationI #ou$d main +east that a+ter !are+u$ thin"in% over and due a--$i!ation o+ mind re%ardin% the ne!essit/ o+ havin% State $a# #hi!h is re-u%nant to the $a# made b/ the Par$iament the President ma/ %rant assent. ,. 6his as-e!t is +urther rea++irmed b/ use o+ #ord CassentC in $ause (2 #hi!h im-$ies "no#$ed%e o+ the President to the re-u%nan!/ bet#een the State $a# and the ear$ier $a# made b/ the Par$iament on the same sub;e!t matter and the reasons +or %rant o+ su!h assent. E. 6he #ord CassentC #ou$d mean in the !onte7t as an e7-ressed a%reement o+ mind to #hat is -ro-osed b/ the State. 6his #ord #as a$so e7tensive$/ dea$t #ith b/ the $earned !ounse$ +or the Res-ondents Mr. Ravi!handran #ho -ointed out its di++erent meanin%s in various di!tionaries. . A+ter due !onsideration to these de+initions the ourt ru$ed that the -hraseo$o%/ used in $ause (2 the ob;e!t o+ Arti!$e 2=)(2 a--ears that even thou%h the $a# made b/ the Par$iament #ou$d have su-rema!/ a+ter !onsiderin% the situation -revai$in% in the State and a+ter !onsiderin% the re-u%nan!/ bet#een the State $e%is$ation and ear$ier $a# made b/ the Par$iament the President ma/ %ive his assent to the $a# made b/ the State $e%is$ature. 6his #ou$d reFuire a--$i!ation o+ mind to both the $a#s and the re-u%nan!/ as #e$$ as the -e!u$iar reFuirement o+ the State to have su!h a $a# #hi!h is re-u%nant to the $a# made b/ the Par$iament. 6he #ord assent is used -ur-ose+u$$/ indi!atin% a++irmative a!tion o+ the -ro-osa$ made b/ the State +or havin% $a# re-u%nant to the ear$ier $a# made



)(

b/ the Par$iament. 't #ou$d amount to a!!e-tin% or !on!edin% and !on!urrin% to the demand made b/ the State o+ su!h $a#. 6his !annot be done #ithout !onsideration o+ the re$evant materia$. Hen!e the -aras used is reserved +or !onsideration #hi!h under the onstatation !anno t be an id$e +orma$it/ but #ou$d reFuire serious !onsideration on the materia$ -$a!ed be+ore the President. 6he I!onsiderationI !ou$d on$/ be to the -ro-osa$ made b/ the State. 9. *urther in +ram Pancha,at of -illae /amalpur v. Mal0inder Sinh and 1rs.  this ourt has a$so he$d that the assent o+ the President under Arti!$e 2=)(2 o+ the onstitution is not a matter o+ idea$ +orma$it/ and the President has at $east to be a--rised o+ the reason as to #h/ his assent is sou%ht and the s-e!ia$ reason +or doin% so.

As +or the A--e$$ant8s submission that the ourt !annot !a$$ +or the +i$es to +ind out #hether the assent #as $imited to re-u%nan!/ bet#een the State $e%is$ation and $a#s mentioned therein the ourt stated that even thou%h the PresidentIs assent as noti+ied in the A!t no#here mentions that assent #as obtained Fua re-u%nan!/ b et#een the State $e%is$ation and s-e!i+ied !ertain $a# or $a#s o+ the Par$iament it !annot be in+erred that as the President has %iven assent a$$ ear$ier $a# $a#s on the sub;e!t #ou$d not -revai$ in the State. 6he ourt a$so made it !$ear that in a$$ the de!isions re$ied u-on #herein su!h Fuestion #as raised this ourt has re+erred to the !orres-onden!e made b/ the State Government +or obtainin% the assent o+ the President to +ind out #hether the assent #as #ith re%ard to re-u%nan!/ bet#een the State $e%is$ature and -arti!u$ar ena!tment o+ the Par$iament.

T'e #*rt ,7$!ete!) de,!ined t r*!e n t'e va!idit) 6 t'e assent1 even t'*+' it ;as :r*+'t *$ :) t'e A$$e!!ants. T'e #*rt re$!ied t t'is t'r*+' t'e 6!!;in+5

1. 'n our vie# +or +indin% out #hether the assent #as %iven Fua the re-u%nan!/ bet#een the State $e%is$ation and the ear$ier $a# made b/ the Par$iament there is no Fuestion o+ de!idin% va$idit/ o+ su!h assent nor the assent is sub;e!ted to an/ ;udi!ia$ revie#.



!*

2. 6hat is to sa/ mere$/ $oo"in% at the re!ord +or #hi!h assent #as sou%ht #ou$d not mean that the ourt is de!idin% #hether the absent is ri%ht$/ #ron%$/ or erroneous$/ %ranted. &. 6he !onsideration b/ the ourt is $imited to the e7tent that #hether the State has sou%ht assent Fua -arti!u$ar ear$ier $a# or $a#s made b/ the Par$iament -revai$in% in the State or it has sou%ht %enera$ assent. 'n su!h !ase the ourt is not reFuired to de!ide the va$idit/ o+ the IassentI %ranted b/ the President. ). 'n the -resent !ase the assent #as %iven a+ter !onsiderin% e7tent and nature o+ re-u%nan!/ bet#een the Bomba/ Rent A!t and 6rans+er o+ Pro-ert/ A!t as #e$$ as the Presiden!/ Sma$$ ause ourts A!t. 6here+ore it #ou$d be un;usti+ied to ho$d that on!e the assent is %ranted b/ the President the State $a# #ou$d -revai$ Fua ear$ier other $a# ena!ted b/ the Par$iament +or #hi!h no assent #as sou%ht +or nor #hi!h #as reserved +or the !onsideration o+ the President. =. 6he ourt +urther made it !$ear that %rantin% o+ assent under Arti!$e 2=)(2 is not e7er!ise o+ $e%is$ative -o#er o+ President su!h as !ontem-$ated under Arti!$e 12& but is -art o+ $e%is$ative -ro!edure. hether -ro!edure -res!ribed b/ the onstitution be+ore ena!tin% the $a# is +o$$o#ed or not !an a$#a/s be $oo"ed into b/ the ourt.

3ina!!)1 t'e #*rt :served t'at t'e ,'a!!en+e 6 t'is nat*re ,*!d :e avided i6 at t'e ,77en,e7ent 6 t'e A,t1 it is stated t'at t'e A,t 'as re,eived t'e assent ;it' re+ard t t'e re$*+nan,) :et;een t'e State La; and s$e,i6ied #entra! !a; r !a;s.

Ant'er i7$rtant *estin t'at ;as dea!t ;it' :) t'e #*rt ;as ;it' res$e,t t t'e 6i6t' and 6ina! ,ntentin 6 t'e A$$e!!ants1 ;'i,' ;as ;'et'er t'e e"tensin 6 a te7$rar) ena,t7ent a7*nts t t'e ena,t7ent 6 a ne; !a;1 r ;'et'er it is an e"tensin 6 t'e e"istin+ !a;. T de,ide t'is1 t'e #*rt dea!t ;it' t'e 6!!;in+5 <. E66e,t 6 Arti,!e /%<( n t'e 27:a) Rent A,t a6ter ena,t7ent 6 t'e P.P. Evi,tin A,t in
-revai$ Fua the re-u%nan!/ bet#een it and the P.P. Dvi!tion A!t. 6o the



!)

e7tent o+ re-u%nan!/ the State $a# #ou$d be void under Arti!$e 2=)(1 and the $a# made b/ the Par$iament #ou$d -revai$. . Le+is!ative intent ;'i!e e"tendin+ t'e d*ratin 6 27:a) Rent A,t. a. *rom the $an%ua%e used b/ the State Le%is$ature in the Maharashtra A!t No. 1, o+ 19, and the re$evant -rovisions thereo+ the ourt #as !onvin!ed that the Le%is$ature !onsidered this as e7 tension o+ the duration o+ Bomba/ Rent A!t and not ena!tment o+ ne# $a# or re3ena!tment o+ the $a# in +or!e. b. 6he -hraseo$o%/ used b/ the Le%is$ature is on$/ Ce7tension o+ durationC. . W'et'er it ,an :e dee7ed t :e a ne; ena,t7ent@ a. Learned senior !ounse$ +or the a--e$$ants submitted that +or e7ten sion o+ the A!t a$so the assent o+ the President is ta"en and there+ore it #ou$d amount to re3ena!tment o+ the e7istin% $a# or ena!tment the ne# $a#. +. 'n the vie# o+ the ourt mere$/ be!ause assent o+ the President is ta"en as it is reFuired to be ta"en it #ou$d not mean that there is ne# ena!tment. *or e7tendin% the duration o+ the tem-orar/ Le%is$ation the assent o+ the President is reFuired other#ise in !ase o+ re-u%nan!/ $a# ena!ted b/ the Par$iament #ou$d prevail. !. Re$/in% on various !ases the ourt arrived at the !on!$usion that b/ e7tendin% duration o+ a tem-orar/ statute it do es not si%ni+/ that a ne# and inde-endent statute !omes into e7isten!e.

T ,n,!*de1 t'e #*rt stated t'e 6!!;in+5

1. 't !annot be he$d that summar/ s-eedier -ro!edure -res!ribed under the P.P. Dvi!tion A!t +or evi!tin% the tenants sub3tenants or unauthorised o!!u-ants i+ it is reasonab$e and in !on+ormit/ #ith the -rin!i-$es o+ natura$ ;usti!e #ou$d abrid%e the ri%ht !on+erred under the onstitution. 2. Arti!$e 2=)(2 !ontem-$ates Ireservation +or !onsideration o+ the PresidentI and a$so IassentI. Reservation +or !onsideration is not an em-t/ +orma$it/. Pointed attention o+ the President is reFuired to be dra#n to the re-u%nan!/ bet#een the ear$ier $a# made b/ the Par$iament and the !ontem-$ated State $e%is$ature and the reasons +or havin% su!h $a# des-ite the ena!tment b/ the Par$iament. &. 6he #ord IassentI used in $ause (2 o+ Arti!$e 2=) #ou$d in !onte7t mean e7-ress a%reement o+ mind to #hat is -ro-osed b/ the State.



!!

). 'n !ase #here it is not indi!ated that IassentI is Fua a -arti!u$ar $a# made b/ the Par$iament then it is o-en to the ourt to !a$$ +or the -ro-osa$s made b/ the State +or the !onsideration o+ the President be+ore obtainin% assent. =. D7tendin% the duration o+ a tem-orar/ ena!tment does not amount to ena!tment o+ a ne# $a#. Ho#ever su!h e7tension ma/ reFuire assent o+ the President in !ase o+ re-u%nan!/.

'n this vie# o+ the matter in the -resent !ase there #as no Fuestion o+ %ivin% su-rema!/ to the Bomba/ Rent A!t Fua the $a# made b/ the Par$iament. 6here+ore a$$ a--ea$s on the matter #ere dismissed.

#ON#LUSION 'n this !ase there #as no Fuestion o+ %ivin% su-rema!/ to the Bomba/ Rent A!t Fua the $a# made b/ the Par$iament. 6here+ore a$$ a--e a$s on the matter #ere dismissed.

A$$ in a$$ the ourt ru$ed that su!h a President8s assent !ou$d not save the Bomba/ Rent A!t #hen it #as +ound to be re-u%nant to another entra$ A!t viJ. the Pub$i! Premises A!t 19EE. 6his as-e!t #as neither brou%ht to the noti!e o+ the President nor did the President %ive an/ !onsideration to it.

6he ourt in this !ase em-hasiJed that President8s assent is not an em-t/ +orma$it/. 6he e++i!a!/ o+ the President8s assent #ou$d be $imited to that -ur-ose on$/ +or #hi!h it #as sou%ht and %iven.



!"

2I2LIOGRAPHY '.

B55S RD*DRRD:

a. Ba"shi P.M. #he Constitution of India" :e$hi
Pande/ @.N. Constitutional Law of India" A$$ahabad entra$ La# A%en!/ 200&

%. P/$ee M.?. Constitutional $mendments in India. :e$hi
''.

DBS'6DS RD*DRRD: Gujarat National Law Universit


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a. htt-s###.%oo%$e.!o.inur$O sat4r!t;4F4esr!s4sour!e#eb4!d)4!adr;a4ua!t4ved0:%*;A :4ur$htt-Q&AQ2*Q2*boo"s.%oo%$e.!o.inQ2*boo"sQ2*about Q2*onstitutiona$$a#o+'ndia.htm$Q&*id Q&:#daAAAA'AA@4eiDv0T?L7L9JuASrooLoA%4us%A*;NHiP S;e"!m;&0m3ThPon-s3 #4si%2iE%u5ubens"T%GbFA!=U4bvmbv.E=09E201d.!2D a" Last accessed on &' September, 2&)


Consti III Project - Semester V

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